AP Biology Lipids: Fats & Oils AP Biology 2006-2007 Lipids ________________________.
AP Biology 11/23/2015 The Point is to Make ATP! ATP Making energy!
-
Upload
silas-wood -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
2
Transcript of AP Biology 11/23/2015 The Point is to Make ATP! ATP Making energy!
![Page 1: AP Biology 11/23/2015 The Point is to Make ATP! ATP Making energy!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062722/56649f395503460f94c56efe/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AP Biology 04/20/23
The Point is to Make ATP!
ATP
Making energy!
![Page 2: AP Biology 11/23/2015 The Point is to Make ATP! ATP Making energy!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062722/56649f395503460f94c56efe/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
AP Biology 04/20/23
Energy needs of life Organisms are endergonic systems
What do we need energy for?
synthesis (biomolecules) reproduction active transport movement temperature regulation
![Page 3: AP Biology 11/23/2015 The Point is to Make ATP! ATP Making energy!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062722/56649f395503460f94c56efe/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
AP Biology
Transformations between kinetic and potential energyMore potential energy.
Potential energy converted to kinetic energy.
Kinetic Energy Converted toPotential Energy
Less potential energy
![Page 4: AP Biology 11/23/2015 The Point is to Make ATP! ATP Making energy!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062722/56649f395503460f94c56efe/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
AP Biology 04/20/23
energy
Where do we get the energy from? Work of life is done by energy coupling
use exergonic (catabolic) reactions to fuel endergonic (anabolic) reactions
+ + energy
+ energy+
![Page 5: AP Biology 11/23/2015 The Point is to Make ATP! ATP Making energy!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062722/56649f395503460f94c56efe/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
AP Biology
The two laws of thermodynamics
(a) First law of thermodynamics: Energy
can be transferred or transformed but
neither created nor destroyed.
Second law of thermodynamics: Every energy transfer or transformation increases the disorder (entropy) of the universe.
(b)
Chemicalenergy
Heatco2
H2O+
![Page 6: AP Biology 11/23/2015 The Point is to Make ATP! ATP Making energy!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062722/56649f395503460f94c56efe/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
AP Biology
H2 + 1/2 O2 2 H 1/2 O2
(from food via NADH)
2 H+ + 2 e–
2 H+
2 e–
H2O
1/2 O2
Controlled release of energy for synthesis of
ATPATP
ATP
ATP
Electro
n tran
spo
rt chain
F
ree
ener
gy, G
(b) Cellular respiration(a) Uncontrolled reaction
Fre
e en
ergy
, G
H2O
Explosiverelease of
heat and lightenergy
+
How Food Becomes Energy
![Page 7: AP Biology 11/23/2015 The Point is to Make ATP! ATP Making energy!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062722/56649f395503460f94c56efe/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
AP Biology
Where do we get the energy from? Work of life is done by energy coupling use exergonic (catabolic) reactions to
fuel endergonic (anabolic) reactions
+ + energy
+ energy+
digestion
synthesis
![Page 8: AP Biology 11/23/2015 The Point is to Make ATP! ATP Making energy!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062722/56649f395503460f94c56efe/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
AP Biology 04/20/23
Living economy Fueling the economy
eat high energy organic molecules (food) break them down = catabolism (digest) capture energy in form cell can use
Need an energy currency a way to pass energy around
ATPWhoa!
Hot stuff!
![Page 9: AP Biology 11/23/2015 The Point is to Make ATP! ATP Making energy!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062722/56649f395503460f94c56efe/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
AP Biology 04/20/23
ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
modified nucleotide adenine + ribose + Pi AMP
AMP + Pi ADP
ADP + Pi ATP
an RNA nucleotide
How efficient!Build once,
use many ways
![Page 10: AP Biology 11/23/2015 The Point is to Make ATP! ATP Making energy!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062722/56649f395503460f94c56efe/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
AP Biology 04/20/23
Why does ATP store energy?
PO–
O–
O
–O PO–
O–
O
–O PO–
O–
O
–OPO–
O–
O
–O PO–
O–
O
–OPO–
O–
O
–O PO–
O–
O
–O PO–
O–
O
–O
Each Pi group more difficult to add a lot of stored energy in each bond
most stored in 3rd Pi
∆G = -7.3 kcal/mole
Close packing of negative Pi groups
I think he’s a bit unstable… don’t you?
spring-loaded
instability of its P bonds makes ATP an excellent energy donor
![Page 11: AP Biology 11/23/2015 The Point is to Make ATP! ATP Making energy!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062722/56649f395503460f94c56efe/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
AP Biology 04/20/23
How does ATP transfer energy?
PO–
O–
O
–O PO–
O–
O
–O PO–
O–
O
–O energyPO–
O–
O
–O +
Phosphorylation when ATP does work, it transfers
its 3rd Pi to other molecules ATP ADP releases energy
∆G = -7.3 kcal/mole it destabilizes the other molecule
Why is 3rd phosphate
like a baaad
boyfriend?
![Page 12: AP Biology 11/23/2015 The Point is to Make ATP! ATP Making energy!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062722/56649f395503460f94c56efe/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
AP Biology 04/20/23
it’s never that simple!
An example of Phosphorylation… Building polymers from monomers
need ATP for energy & to take the water out
C
H
OH
H
OHC C
H
O
H
C+ H2O++4.2 kcal/mol
C
H
OH+ C
H
P+ATP ADP
-7.3 kcal/mol
H
OHC C
H
O
H
C+ +C
H
PPi
-3.1 kcal/mol
“kinase” enzyme
![Page 13: AP Biology 11/23/2015 The Point is to Make ATP! ATP Making energy!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062722/56649f395503460f94c56efe/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
AP Biology 04/20/23
glucoseC-C-C-C-C-C
fructose-6PP-C-C-C-C-C-C-P
DHAPP-C-C-C
PGALC-C-C-P
2 ATP2 ADP
Another example of Phosphorylation… The first steps of cellular respiration
beginning the breakdown of glucose ATP
those phosphates sure make it uncomfortab
le around here
enzyme 1
enzyme 3 enzyme 4enzyme 5
enzyme 6
enzyme 2
![Page 14: AP Biology 11/23/2015 The Point is to Make ATP! ATP Making energy!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062722/56649f395503460f94c56efe/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
AP Biology 04/20/23
ATP / ADP cycle
A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per secondWhoa!
Pass me the glucose & oxygen!
Can’t store ATP too reactive transfers Pi too
easily only short term
energy storage carbs & fats are
long term energy storage
![Page 15: AP Biology 11/23/2015 The Point is to Make ATP! ATP Making energy!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062722/56649f395503460f94c56efe/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
AP Biology 04/20/23
What’s the point? Cells spend a lot of time making ATP!
“The point is to make ATP!”
I didn’t HEAR you!
Make ATP! That’s all I do all day. And no one
even notices!
![Page 16: AP Biology 11/23/2015 The Point is to Make ATP! ATP Making energy!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062722/56649f395503460f94c56efe/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
AP Biology 04/20/23
Any Questions??