A&p 20 general sense
Transcript of A&p 20 general sense
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General Senses
Human Anatomy and Physiology
L|E|C|O|M Mathew J. Bateman, Ph.D., D.H.Ed.
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Properties of Receptors
What is a receptor?
What is a sense organ?
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Receptors Transmit Information
Modality
Location
– sensory projection
Intensity
Duration
– Phasic receptors
– Tonic receptors
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Receptive Fields
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Tonic -vs- Phasic Receptors
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Classification of Receptors
By modality:– chemo-, thermo-, mechano-, photo-
receptors and nociceptorsBy origin of stimuli
– interoceptors– proprioceptors– exteroceptors
By distribution– general senses – special senses
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Unencapsulated Nerve Endings
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Encapsulated Nerve Endings
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Somesthetic Projection Pathways
1st order neuron 2nd order neuron3rd order neuron
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Pain Signal Destinations
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Referred Pain
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Spinal Gating of Pain Signals
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Pharmacology of Pain Management
• Receptor – Anti-inflammatory agents reduce pain stimuli
• Nociceptor transmitter of first order neuron– Substance P stimulates ascending pain neuron– Substance P inhibits inhibitory interneuron– Looking for antagonists now
• Presynaptic inhibition of first order neurons– Normal function of reticulospinal tract– Opiate peptides: enkephalins, endorphins, dynorphins
• Morphine, opium, etc mimic their effects • Sensory transmitter of first order neuron
– Stimulation of inhibitory interneuron– Inhibition (usually) of ascending pain neuron– Site of action of acupuncture, etc.