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AOHP ONLINE EDUCATION PROGRAM WEB009-2014 · 2020-01-24 · Pathogens Standard: know before...
Transcript of AOHP ONLINE EDUCATION PROGRAM WEB009-2014 · 2020-01-24 · Pathogens Standard: know before...
General Information and Test Taking
Strategies for ABOHN Certification
Carole Cusack and Denise Knoblauch
AOHP ONLINE EDUCATION PROGRAM
WEB009-2014
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Disclosure
Thank you for participating in this continuing educational activity.
Goals/Purpose : To improve knowledge that promotes professional development and enhance
the learners contribution of quality health care in Employee/Occupational Health.
Successful Completion of this CNE
In order to receive full contact-hour credit for this CNE activity, you must:
Attend the full session
Complete an evaluation
Conflict of Interest (or lack thereof) for Planners & Presenter(s)
A conflict of interest occurs when an individual has opportunity to affect or impact educational
content with which he or she may have a commercial interest or a potentially biasing
relationship of a financial, professional or personal nature. All planner and faculty/content
specialist(s) must disclose the presence or absence of a conflict of interest relative to this
activity. All potential conflicts are resolved prior to the planning, implementation or evaluation
of the continuing nursing education activity. All activity planning committee members and
faculty/content specialist have submitted conflict of interest disclosure forms.
The planning committee members and faculty/content specialist of this CNE activity have
disclosed no relevant professional, personal or financial relationships related to the planning
or implementation of the CE activity.
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Disclosure (Continued)
Commercial or Sponsor support
This CNE activity received no sponsorships or commercial support.
Non-endorsement of products
The approved provider status of AOHP (Association of Occupational Health Professionals) refers only
to the continuing nursing education activity and does not imply a real or implied endorsement by
AOHP or the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) of any commercial product, service or
company referred to or displayed in conjunction with this activity, nor any company subsidizing costs
related to this activity.
Reporting of Perceived Bias
Bias is defined by the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission on Accreditation (ANCC
COA) a preferential influence that causes a distortion of opinion or of facts. Commercial bias may
occur when a CNE activity promotes one or more products(s)( drugs, devices, serviced, software,
hardware, etc,). This definition is not all inclusive and participants may use their own interpretation in
deciding if a presentation is biased.
The Association of Occupational Health Professionals in Healthcare is accredited as a provider of
continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission on
Accreditation.
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General Information and Test Taking
Strategies for ABOHN Certification
Webinar Presenters
Carole Cusack
Denise Knoblauch
Objectives
• Review reasons for certification.
• Discuss reasons why certification advances the profession and career.
• Understanding the Application process.
• Identify methods to study for the examination.
• Review the type of questions written for the examination.
• Maintaining your credential – Renewal and Recertification
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Reasons to be certified
• Certification advances your career path.
• Certification demonstrates competency in a field of practice.
• Certification proves your value.
• ABOHN credentials are peer driven, psychometrically developed examinations which insures key knowledge and skills relevant to occupational health practice
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Reasons to be Certified
• ABOHN credentials are trademarked and available for
almost every level of nursing education.
• ABOHN certifications are accredited by rigorous standards
by the National Commission for Certifying Agencies
(NCCA) and
• Recognized by the American Board of Nursing Specialties
(ABNS).
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Reasons to be Certified
• Certification shows colleagues, stakeholders and
employers you have successfully demonstrated your level
of competency.
• Employers prefer certification for hiring and promotion in
the areas of occupational health, case management and
safety management.
• One criteria for hospitals seeking Magnet status and/or
redesignation is support and encouragement for nurses to
become nationally certified.
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About ABOHN
• ABOHN was established in 1972 and has certified over
14,000 occupational health nurses for the workforce.
• ABOHN is recognized as the “Gold Standard of
Occupational Health Nursing.”
• ABOHN is governed by a Board of Directors composed of
Certified Occupational Health Nurses and 1 Public
member.
• ABOHN employs 3 full time and 1 part time staff
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Eligibility
• Requirements for certification are:
• Must be a registered nurse with an unrestricted license.
Foreign licenses are considered on a case by case
basis.
• Candidates must be employed in clinical, supervisory,
administrative, teaching/education or research
capacities in an institutional or private practice setting
for a minimum of 3,000 hours within the past five (5)
years in occupational health for a paid position.
• Must have a Bachelor’s Degree or above if sitting for
the COHN-S examination.
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The Application Process
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• Submit application
• Submit exam payment (within 90 days)
Applicant
• 120 days to schedule and take exam.
Candidate
• Congratulations! You are ABOHN certified.
• Yearly maintenance cycle.
Active Status
Examinations
• Examinations are given by computer based testing.
• We partner with Applied Measurement Professionals
(AMP) a testing organization to administer our
examinations.
• AMP offers over 180 examination sites in the US.
Additional sites are offered in many areas of the world
by request.
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Examinations
• Examinations for certification are:
• Composed of multiple-choice questions and are based
on two factors.
• OHN roles identified in the Practice Analysis and
• The four (4) nursing process steps:
• Assessment, Planning, Implementation and Evaluation.
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Certification Items
• Questions on high stakes examinations are called items.
• Items constructed for the ABOHN examinations are
based on the Test Blueprints for the examinations.
• Contents of an item must fall within the role of the
knowledge statements outlined in the Test Blueprint or
it cannot be used.
• Test Blueprints are derived from periodic Practice
Analysis of the profession.
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Examination Items
• Items for the Examination are:
• Written by practicing OHNs.
• Four levels of editing are used in preparation to be
placed in the exams.
• Not scored until proven “valid”.
• Conform to the roles and activity statement within each
role.
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ABOHN Examinations
• Current ABOHN COHN, COHN-S and Case Management
exams are updated to reflect the changing practice of
Occupational Health Nursing based on the 2011 Practice
Analysis.
• How many items are on the exam?
• COHN/COHN-S – 135 graded items and 25 pre-test items.
• Case Management - 100 graded items and 10 pre-test items.
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Time for Exams
• How much time do I have to take the exams?
• COHN/COHN-S – 3 hours
• Case Management – 2 hours
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Pre-test Items
• What is a “pre-test” item?
• These are items inserted into the candidate’s exam in
order to develop good data on possible new items for
each examination.
• These pre-test questions do not count for or against the
candidate’s final score.
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Preparation for the Exams
• Since practices are so varied, ABOHN’s certification
examinations are designed to represent a broad reflection
of practice, therefore, no two professionals will prepare for
the examination in exactly the same way.
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Exam Data
• This is a rough guide of data collected from previous
passing candidates.
• Study time prior to the exam:
• COHN/COHN-S - 20 weeks/10 hours per
week/approximately 136 hours.
• CM - 3 weeks/ 6 hours per week/approximately 33
hours.
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Recommendations for Study
• The following steps are recommended for studying:
• Perform an occupational health knowledge self-
assessment by using the ABOHN examination Test
Blueprint and Core Content lists found in each
examinations handbook.
• Classify and identify topics for intense study and those
for simple review.
• Establish a realistic weekly study schedule and STICK
TO IT!
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ABOHN Handbooks
COHN, COHN-S and CM Handbooks
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Recommendations for Study
• The following steps are recommended for studying cont’d
• Gather resources (find information in the exam
handbooks under resources for materials used to write
the examination questions.)
• Use the Core Curriculum written by Mary Salazar.
• Reach out to others, find a study partner or group.
• Take a review course.
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Linking to the COHN Test
Specifications
• Items constructed for ABOHN examinations are based on
the Test Specification for Certified Occupational Health
Nurse (COHN).
4 Roles for COHN
• Clinician
• Coordinator
• Advisor
• Case Manager
• Content of the items must fall within the role of knowledge outlined in
the test specification statement or it cannot be used.
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Linking to the COHN-S Test
Specifications
• Items constructed for ABOHN examinations are based on
the Test Specifications for Certified Occupational Health
Nurse-Specialist, COHN-S.
5 Roles for COHN-S
• Clinician
• Manager
• Educator
• Consultant
• Case Manager
• Content of the item must fall within the role of knowledge outlined in
the statement or it cannot be used.
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Linking to the Case
Management Examination
Specifications
• Items constructed for ABOHN examinations are based on
the Test Specifications for the certified Case Manager
(CM).
• 4 OHN Case Management categories
• Fitness for Work
• Occupational Disability
• Non-Occupational Disability
• Case Management Concepts
• Content of the item must fall within the role of knowledge outlined in
the statement or it cannot be used.
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Evaluation
Planning
Implementation
Assessment
Nursing Process
“A Method of Caring for Patients”
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Nursing Process
• Items for the examinations are written in accord with the
Nursing Process.
• Assessment – Process of collecting, verifying and
communicating relevant patient data
• Planning – Process of establishing desired patient
outcomes and designing strategies to achieve those
outcomes
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Nursing Process
• Items for the examinations are written in accord with the
Nursing Process.
• Implementation – Process of initiating and completing the
nursing actions to accomplish the defined outcomes
• Evaluation – Process of measuring the patient’s response
to treatments, medications and nursing actions and
progress toward achieving defined outcomes
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Level of Difficulty (Bloom’s Taxonomy)
Knowledge (Recall)
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Evaluation
Create
Le
ve
l o
f D
iffi
cu
lty
* *
Memory
Reasoning
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ABOHN’s Writing Goals
Memory
• Define
• Describe
• Identify
• Recall
• Recognize
Reasoning
• Apply
• Analyze
• Anticipate
• Assess
• Compare
• Prioritize • most, best, first, initially,
essential, increased)
• Decide
• Evaluating (patients’ statements)
Reasoning
90%
Memory
10%
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Examination Questions
• When examination questions are written:
• Item writers always keep in mind that they are writing
for a minimally competent Occupational Health Nurse.
• Entry is considered at a two year level of experience in practice.
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Memory Questions
• Recalls specific information, definitions
• Facts e.g. OSHA, standards, guidelines
• Techniques e.g. procedural techniques
• Terminology
• Classifications
• Training for the prevention of exposure to bloodborne pathogen
hazards for emergency workers is required by the
a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
b. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
c. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). *
d. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS).
Example
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Reasoning Questions
• Reasoning questions require examinees to take several
pieces of knowledge and apply them to a situation.
• You should know: the question being asked and the
topic.
• When you review a question on the Bloodborne
Pathogens Standard: know before answering the
question to treat all human blood and related material
as infectious for bloodborne pathogens.
Thought Process
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Assessment Phase
The nurse is performing a (an) . . . . on a patient with . . . Which of the following findings should the nurse anticipate?
The nurse is gathering information on a patient with pneumonia. Which of the following findings is consistent with the patients’ diagnosis?
a. Stridor
b. Crackles *
c. Prolonged inspiratory phase
d. Prolonged expiratory phase
Obtains information, gathering data about patient’s health to
determine nursing care needed.
Assessment Example
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Planning Phase
The OHN is preparing to begin a new vaccination program. What action by the OHN would best ensure proper vaccine storage and handling?
a. Designate one person to be responsible for all aspects of vaccine storage and handling.
b. Record refrigerator temperatures twice daily and maintain logs for three years.*
c. Check vaccine expirations and discard all multi-dose vials 30 days after opening.
d. Store vaccines on a shelf and store food in a separate area of the refrigerator.
Development of goals, strategies and
outcomes for appropriate care
Planning Example
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Implementation Phase
The nurse is caring for a patient with a history of . . . Which of the following actions by the nurse would represent appropriate care of this patient?
The nurse is caring for a patient with type I diabetes mellitus. In mid-afternoon, the patient becomes pale and tremulous.
What action should the nurse take first?
a. Take the patient’s vital signs
b. Call the primary care provider
c. Perform a blood glucose finger stick test*
d. Administer prescribed insulin
Provides the required nursing care
or supervision of others providing care
Implementation Example
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Evaluation Phase
The nurse is caring for a patient with . . . Which of the following statements by the patient would alert the nurse to a (complication of the condition)?
The nurse is caring for a patient with a permanent pacemaker. Which of the following statements by the patient would alert the nurse to a possible pacemaker failure?
a. “I am nauseated and may vomit”
b. “I feel dizzy and lightheaded”*
c. “I have a severe headache”
d. “My feet are quite swollen”
Involves communication with patient, data interpreted,
nursing diagnosis formulated
Evaluation Example
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Evaluation Phase
An employee is returning to work after having a laminectomy due to lifting 50 lbs while working in the factory. The injury was reported to the occupational health nurse at the time of injury. Upon his return to work the employee states he will never lift anything again at work. What should the OHN recommend to the employee?
a. Attend a work hardening program until he can lift a minimum of 10 lbs.
b. Refer the employee to the Human Resource Department for placement.
c. Refer the employee to a Independent Medical Examiner for evaluation.*
d. Recommend the employee should go home until something can be found for him to do.
Consulting with an independent provider for a evaluation
Evaluation Example
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Using Case Scenario as
Description of a set of Circumstances
• While working on the line during the eleventh hour of his
third, successive 16-hour shift, Mr. Peterson experiences
a loss of consciousness, falls, and hits his head. Mr.
Peterson’s loss of consciousness results in a trip to a
local hospital’s emergency department for evaluation.
• The first step in the diagnostic process for Mr. Peterson is most
likely to be a
a. computed tomography scan.*
b. glucose tolerance test.
c. blood test for hyperlipidemia.
d. thallium stress test.
Case Scenario
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References
All items
have at
least one
reference
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Test –Taking Strategies for
Certification
• Learn the materials and review the specific ABOHN
handbook as you go along.
• Make sure you understand the information as you are
learning. That way, you won’t have to “re-learn” it or
have to “cram” a great deal of information at one
time.
• Use the COHN/COHN-S and CM Test Blueprint as
your study guide along with the Core Content Areas.
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Clinician Role
• Assessment in the COHN-S Handbook you need to
know:
• how to take a history.
• understand the components of post-offer/pre-placement
health assessment.
• review health surveillance issues of individuals/groups for
specific hazards (e.g. hearing conservation, respiratory
protection and laser safety).
• monitor regulations affecting nursing practice (e.g.
licensure.)
• know how to identify physical requirements to fulfill essential
job functions.
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Clinician Role
• Planning in the COHN-S Handbook you need to know
how to:
• interpret results of screening tests and how to/or where to
refer individuals.
• be able to recommend changes in job status to
accommodate workers’ health.
• be able to recommend hierarchy of controls for specific
hazards.
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Clinician Role
• Implementation in the COHN-S Handbook you should
be:
• familiar with employee health recordkeeping (e.g.
maintaining, OSHA).
• computer software application for employee health
information (informatics).
• able to recognize and respond to ethical issues.
• able to treat work-related injuries or illnesses.
• provide direct care for non-work illnesses and injuries.
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Clinician Role
• Implementation in the COHN-S Handbook requires
you to :
• review health promotion, disease prevention screening
tests (e.g. cancer screening, blood pressure monitoring,
cholesterol).
• understand the use of the employee assistance program
referral program.
• provide individual counseling on what to do in specific
areas.
• understand all the components of audiometry, pulmonary
function and vision testing.
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Clinician Role
• Implementation in the COHN-S Handbook you must:
• understand and assure confidentiality of personal health
information
• how to comply with the codes of ethics, legal or
regulatory requirements.
• understand and be able to implement the policies and
procedures for maintaining confidentiality.
• know the rules of maintaining OSHA’s required logs and
documents.
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Clinician Role
• Evaluation in the COHN-S Handbook requires you to
be able
• to evaluate the quality of care in your department.
• understand root cause analysis.
• be prepared to analyze illnesses and incidents for
the exam.
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Other Roles
• To analyze the rest of the “Test Blueprint” you will have to
review all the materials listed in the:
• Manager
• Educator
• Consultant and
• Case Manager categories of the Blueprint.
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Core Content
The next step in your preparation will be to review the
“Core Content Areas”.
• Many of these areas could reasonably be expected to be
represented on the COHN-S certification examination.
• In combination with the “Test Blueprint” areas, the “Core
Content” outline can serve as an excellent means to
organize study and preparation for the exam.
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Certification Self Assessment
Test (CSAT)
• ABOHN has a CSAT booklet for each of the exams.
• The CSAT is an asset for individuals pursuing
certification.
• Written by certified occupational health nurses.
• Conforms to the current blueprint and core content of
each exam.
• Provides written rational for each correct answer.
• May help assess your readiness to sit for the COHN-S
exam.
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During the Exam
• Get to the testing site early and relax by taking a few
deep breaths and try to relax your muscles.
• Answer the easiest questions first, to help yourself calm
down.
• Look for the central idea of each question before
answering.
• Read each question carefully and pay attention to the
details of the case situation. Be sure to keep the focus
of the question in mind. Identify who is impacted by the
activity in the question and then move to the role of the
OHN.
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During the Exam
• Focus on key words in the stem of the question, such
as “first”, “most”, “initially”, “best”, etc. These words
are printed in boldface and italics to attract your
attention.
• Remember that you do not have to answer every
question correctly to pass the test. The passing score
is about 71% correct.
• As you read a question, anticipate what the correct
answer will be.
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During the Exam
• Read each of the four choices carefully. Even if the first
option sounds correct, read all four options before
choosing your answer. Often you will find that another
option is a much better answer.
• The correct answer will remind you why the other option
is not correct. In the examination, there is only one
correct answer; all of the other answers are incorrect,
”NOT” partially correct.
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During the Exam
• Although the question may ask you to select the best
option or asks what the OHN should do initially, only
one option is correct.
• Do not read into the question. Answer the question
based only on the information that is presented, even if
you think the answer might be too easy. We do not
have tricky questions and the test is not trying to trick
you.
• Do NOT be afraid to change an answer. Contrary to
popular belief, research has shown that changing
answers is generally appropriate.
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During the Exam
• More often than not, test takers change their answers to
the correct one.
• Do NOT spend too much time on any one question.
• If you feel very uncertain about one of the content areas
on the test, you may find it helpful to complete the other
areas first and leave the problem area for last.
• For example, if you feel that your knowledge of
chemical exposures is weak, complete the questions in
the other areas, and leave those questions for last.
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During the Exam
• Some of the questions in the other areas might trigger
your memory and help you recall information about
chemicals and the effects of exposures to them.
• Be aware of the time. Pace yourself during the test.
Because the test includes many scenarios, there is a
great deal to read on the Certification Examination.
• Check your responses. Be especially careful when you
skip a question with the intention of getting back to it
later.
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Taking the Exam - Summary
• Prepare yourself intellectually, emotionally and
physically for the examination.
• Be confident!
• Think positively!
• Use test taking tips!
These approaches should help improve your
performance on the certification examination.
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Renewal and Recertification
• What is the difference between Renewal and
Recertification and why are they required?
• What is the process for Renewal?
• What is the process for Recertification?
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Renewal and Recertification –
Why are they required?
• Renewal is required every year to keep your
credential in “ACTIVE” Status. • The Renewal process is required to keep your home and work information
current.
• Recertification is required every year to keep your
credential in “ACTIVE” Status. • The Recertification process is required to assess your continued practice
in the field. A valid Recertification process is required by NCCA, and the
process must demonstrate its “requirements measure or enhance the
continued competence of certificants.”
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Renewal and Recertification
Renewal
• Yearly reminder sent the
month before your
credential expires.
• $150.00 fee due each
year.
• Requires updated contact
information.
• Available online.
Recertification
• Yearly reminder sent the
month before your
credential expires.
• $150.00 fee due each
year.
• Requires a completed
application and
submission of
documentation.
• Available online.
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Recertification Eligibility
Core Credentials (COHN and COHN-S)
• An active non-restricted RN license
• 3000 hours of occupational nursing experience gained
within the previous 5 years (recertification cycle)
• 50 continuing nursing education (CNE) contact hours in
occupational health*
Case Management
• 10 continuing nursing education (CNE) contact hours in
occupational health case management*
*Cannot use the same contact hours for the core credentials and case management
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Recertification Guidelines
Work Experience
• 3000 hours in paid OHN within the previous 5 years. • ABOHN requires a copy of your job description(s) to be sent in with your
recertification application.
Exceptions to work experience
• Graduate program (Occupation Health related), MSN or
Baccalaureate* program completed within the previous 5
years
• Maximum of up to 750 hours for a Baccalaureate or MSN degree
• 2000 hours for a Graduate degree program related to occupational
health (through a NIOSH Education and Resource Center)
*Baccalaureate degree does not need to be in nursing. Copies of transcripts are
required. Specific classes can be correlated to OHN education.
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Recertification Guidelines
Continuing Education
• Must be related to Occupational Health
• Must be related to your job description(s)
• Must be related to the Test Blueprint and/or Core Content
listed in ABOHN’s exam handbook.
Not accepted as Continuing Education
• Basic Nursing Courses
• Basic CPR Courses
• CPR Instructor and/or renewal courses
• First Aid or First Aid Instructor courses
• Basic computer courses
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Alternatives
to Continuing Education
• Formal Education (One quarter = 10 contact hours, One semester = 15 contact hours)
• Graduate program (Occupation Health related), MSN or Baccalaureate* program
completed within the previous 5 years
• Formal education can be used for either continuing education or work experience.
Not both.
• 60 min. of classroom = 1 contact hour
• Professional Presentations – Max. 10 hours • Documentation of professional presentations related to occupational health
• Brochure or letter from sponsoring agency which describes the title and time of your
presentation
• Certificate or other documentation that indicates approval of contact hours – (1 hour
of presentation = 1 contact hour)
• Publications – Max 10 hours • Published manuscripts related to occupational health
• Refereed journal (must be evidenced) – up to 5 contact hours
• Non-refereed– 1 contact hour
• Manuscripts accepted or in press will not be accepted 65
Alternatives
to Continuing Education (continued)
• Board Service – Max. 10 hours • Evidence of service as a director on a local, state or national board of directors
related to occupational health nursing
• 2 contact hours per year of service
• Precepting – Max. 10 hours • Evidence of service as a formal preceptor for students in the field of occupational
health
• Course must be offered by an accredited college or university.
• The theme, topic or objective must be related to OHN as defined in the examination
outlines(s)
• At least 6 hours of face-to-face interaction with student.
• See recertification handbook for additional requirements.
• Item Writing – 1 question – 1 contact hour
• Each question must be accepted and added to an ABOHN
examination item bank
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Summary
Renewal and Recertification
Core Credentials – COHN and COHN-S
• Renewal – Every year (fee and documentation)
• Recertification – Every five years (fee and documentation)
• Active Non-restricted RN license
• 3000 hours in paid OHN within previous 5 years
• 50 contact hours related to OH within previous 5 years
Case Management
• Additional 10 contact hours related to Case Management.
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THANK YOU
ABOHN
For additional information please contact:
American Board for Occupational Health Nurses
201 East Ogden, Suite 114
Hinsdale, IL 60521
(630) 789-5799 or (888) 842-2646
(630) 789-8901Fax
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