•Born in Davenport, Iowa, on Sept. 25, 1860 •Died in Washington, D.C,, on April 23, 1941. •“Chief of the Muckrakers” •Son of the abolitionist editor of the Davenport Gazette.

•He was born into a newspaper family and continued to write his whole life. •He learned journalism from his father, the editor and part owner of the Davenport Gazette. •He attended the St. Johnsbury (Vt.) Academy, from which he graduated in 1881. •He then returned to become the Gazette's managing editor. •He later became first a reporter and then an editor in Minneapolis, Detroit and in New York City. •In 1894 he was city editor of Joseph Pulitzer's World and then a Hearst editor in New York and Chicago.

•He was someone who crusaded against many social prejudices against the underdogs of society. •He fought for people with language barriers because most people did not speak English, people who needed a place to live, a job; children who needed an education and the opportunity to go to school; many prejudices existed based on issues that were brought with the immigrants from foreign lands. •At the centre of public outrage was the “Beef Trust”—a collaborative group made up of the five largest meatpacking companies and their underhanded dealings with their business and worksite practices.

•He was most influential as one of the muckraking era’s best magazine writers, uncovering railroad corruption, electoral fraud, slumlords and the Beef Trust for magazines such as Everybody’s, Pearson’s , Cosmopolitan and Hampton’s. •The Greatest Trust in the World (1905) muckraked the beef trust in Chicago. During that time he was writing for Everybody's Magazine.

•The article revealed how the Beef Trust had used its economic position to:

1. Increase the price of beef. 2. Use unsanitary conditions in its

packaging houses 3. Use tricks to dodge government

inspection. 4. It also focused on the beef monopoly. 5. At the same time Russell argued that

the development of technology had substantially reduced the cost of producing meat.

•In the popular magazines he effectively exposed a wide range of social evils such as:

• The Uprising of the Many (1907), which uncovered New York church-owned slums to southern prison camps. •Lawless Wealth (1908), which summed up some of the reasons why he joined the Socialist party.

•His writings earned him a national reputation. •People were outraged at what he wrote about, but very receptive to him because he was willing to tell the whole truth and nothing but the truth. •He was considered the most earnest, dignified, prolific and passionate of the muckrakers. •He was a Christian man whose crusade for social and political change was respected by most in society.

•He was a Christian man whose crusade for social and political change was respected by most in society. •He was a Pulitzer Prize winner, one of the founders of the NAACP, member of the socialist party and headed up two of the largest newspapers in the country. •He campaigned for governor, mayor, and U.S. senator in New York State. •In 1916 he declined the Socialist party's presidential nomination.

Pulitzer Prize Excellence in Journalism

•He was one of the founders of the NAACP.

•Due to his writing, The Greatest Trust in the World (1905) it brought about the Meat Inspection Act of 1906. •One of the five people who founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (the NAACP), Russell later turned to poetry and biography, writing about emperor Charlemagne, composer Theodore Thomas, and Philippine patriot Jose Rizal. •Uncovered corruption in the meat conglomerate.

•Forced one of America’s richest churches to clean up its slum housing. •His crusades and exposes shed light on the changes that the U.S. was facing in the early 20th century and how it was especially hard for the downtrodden people. •He made it his life’s work to represent those downtrodden people that no one recognized. •Uncovered social evils of southern prison camps

•Because of his writings such as The Greatest Trust in the World (1905) the beef trust in Chicago was exposed for what it was, corrupt. •His diligence allowed many of the problems in society to no longer be ignored or left uncovered. He made it his life work. •He left the world a better place because of his release of information.

•A political cartoon was drawn about him about socialism in 1912. •He also wrote poetry and was involved in the arts. •He was a member of Clarence Darrow's National Recovery Administration Review Board and a staunch defender of oppressed people.

•During his career, he served as a reporter for the New York Commercial Advertiser, reporter and city editor of the New York World where he covered a story on May 4, 1886, which became a famous labor protest rally near Chicago's Haymarket Square turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police. At least eight people died as a result of the violence that day. Despite a lack of evidence against them, eight radical labor activists were convicted in connection with the bombing. They named this the Haymarket Riots.

Biography. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Mar. 2015<http://www.encyclopedia.com>. Charles Edward Russell | biography - American writer (Encyclopedia Britannica Online) <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/513179/Charles-Edward-Russell>. Editorial cartoon of Charles Edward Russell Published 1912. Originally uploaded: 9 December 2005 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USArussellCE2.jpg"Charles Edward Russell." Encyclopedia of World Meat Inspection Act of 1906 | United States [1906] (Encyclopedia Britannica Online) <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/371753/Meat-Inspection-Act-of- 1906#ref1204804>. muckraker | journalism (Encyclopedia Britannica Online) <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/395831/muckraker#ref270516>. Russell, Charles Edward. Photograph. Britannica Online for Kids. Web. 11 Mar. 2015. <http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/art-169319>. "Russell, Charles Edward." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2014. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Mar. 2015<http://www.encyclopedia.com>. Sorin, Gerald. "'Stand and Protest': The Life of a Legendary Journalist; A Muckraker Oppressed by the Sadness of the World; The Pen Is Mightier: the Muckraking Life of Charles Edward Russell." Forward. Forward Pub. Co. 2003. HighBeam Research. 11 Mar. 2015 <http://www.highbeam.com>. Spartacus Educational (Spartacus Educational) <http://spartacus-educational.com/USArussellCE.htm>. Western Illinois University (Charles Russell) <http://www.wiu.edu/cas/english_and_journalism/journalism/russell.php>. Why I Am a Socialist Paperback – 1 Feb 2012 (Why I Am a Socialist: Amazon.co.uk: Charles Edward Russell: 9780217970938: Books) <http://www.amazon.co.uk/Why-Socialist-Charles Edward-Russell/dp/0217970931/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1322505744&sr=1-2>/