Any system of formalized symbols, signs, sounds, gestures, or the like used or conceived as a means of communicating thought and emotion

Linguists agree that there are no existing primitive languages, and all modern human populations speak languages of comparable complexity.

All humans possess similar linguistic abilities, and no child is born with a biological predisposition favoring any one language or type of language

By the year 2050, it is predicted that 90 percent of the world’s 6,000 languages will be dead or dying

Healthy languages are those that are passed on to younger generations

Old English› 450 - 1100

Middle English› 1100 - 1500

Early Modern English› 1500 – 1800

Late Modern English› 1800 - present› http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=Suxn3gbcF6A

History

History

Communicative Arbitrary Meaningfully

Structured Multiply Structured Productive Dynamic

TypesTypes

Verbal Nonverbal

A speech sound considered without reference to its status as a phoneme or an allophone in a language.

Phonemes-The smallest phonetic unit in a language that is capable of conveying a distinction in meaning, as the m of mat and the b of bat in English.

Phonemics-of or relating to phonemes of a particular language

Phonetics- the study of the articulatory and acoustic properties of the sounds of human language.

Video

The pattern of formation of sentences or phrases in a language.

Computer Science. The rules governing the

formation of statements in a programming language.

A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such as -ed in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts.

The morphemes of a language considered as a group (or a dictionary)

All the words of a language

www.answers.com

Grade 1 Student = 1,000+ words Normal Person (Graduate) = 5,000 to

6,000+ words University Professor = 15,000+ words Spelling Bee Winners = 30,000+ (as claimed

by them) College Dictionary (Abridged) = 50,000 -

70,000 Total Words in English Language =

250,000+ (Growing) Dictionary (Un-abridged) with derivatives =

450,000+

Skinner

Saussure

Chomsky

Age Receptive Expressive

Birth-3months

Aware of sounds, recognize familiar voice

Pleasure, pain, smiles, coos , differential cries

4-6 months “NO”, responsive to changes in tone

“Vocal play”, speech like babbling

7-12 months Listens, responds to name and requests, knows names of familiar objects

Speech or other sounds to get attention, 1st words

1-2 yrs Points out pictures, body parts, responds to simple commands, questions. Repeat please

2-word questions, more consonants are used

2-3 years Understands 2 stage commands, contrasting concepts (hot/cold)

Naming things, understood by family members

3-4 Who? What? Where? Longer sentences, tell stories

4-5 Hears and understands nearly everything said TO them

Long detailed sentences, stories, understood clearly

The study of language with special concern for the meanings of words and other symbols.

The study of the ability of natural language speakers to communicate more than that which is explicitly stated.

The ability to understand another speaker's intended meaning is called pragmatic competence

Pragmatics is regarded as one of the most challenging aspects for language learners to grasp, and can only truly be learned with experience.

http://www.cartoonstock.com/lowres/cgr0149l.jpg

Freudian Slip Slip of the Tongue Spoonerisms

(Bass Ackwards )

Tip of the Tongue Malapropism

› What are you incinerating?..." (i.e., insinuating) — Galton and Simpson, Steptoe and Son ("Doodlebug over Shepherd's Bush")

videohttp://www.cartoonstock.com/newscartoons/cartoonists/dpa/lowres/dpan107l.jpg

Texting E-mail IM Letters

Phones Chat Rooms Social Networking Slang

Men› Communicate

Information› Maintain Status› Talk about Future

Action› Solve problems› Fear loss of

independence› Mean talk more

overall, but more in public

› More activity, less conversation

Women› Talk to create and

support relationships› Talk for its own sake› Establish intimacy› Seek emotional

support through language

› Women talk less, but more at home

› Less activity, more conversation

www.answers.com www.peace.saumag.edu/faculty/kardas http://www.channel4.com/

entertainment/t4/advertorial/try-life-in-another-language/index.html