ANTIoAPARTHEID NEWS

ANTIoAPARTHEID NEWSThe .Newspaper of the Anti-Apartheid Movement lop.Guerrillas take control in large areas of countryFighting sprea in ZimbabweRhodesia dzGweloetiyungia a 29 inyazura*CU'E Umtalids UK opos al givescomfort to SmithFOREIGN Secretary David Owen's announcement that he plans to cpnvene a cOnstitutional conference onZimbabwe with US co-sponsorship has been greeted With scepticism in Britain and with opposition frommajority opinion in ZimbabweNothing has changed since Britain celled off the Geneva conference four months ago because of theintransigence of the rebel regime. Last month in Salisbury Des Frost, the Rhodesian Front's chairman, saidagain that the white electorate must have the final say on any settlement proposals.So long as the British Govemment continues to talk to Smith, the regime will take comfort from Britain'sfailure to propose tougher international action against it.The regime's record shows that it will only give in when it is forced to by the advances of thi liberationmovement. It follows that the way Britain can best contribute to a just settlement s to extend sanctions andshow its support for the black majority by such measures as giving aid to Zimbabwean refugees and tocommented on the latest proposal that it "totally rejected the USA cochairing such a conference" becausethis would "internationalise the Zimbabwe problem in which the super Powers would be involved".It added: "The Patriotic Front will never attend enother Geneva conference unless such a conference was todiscuss a transfer of pewer from the minority regime to the majority.The proposal was also dismissed by Ndabaningi ;ithole, who headed another of the nationalist delegationsin Geneva. He said that the proposals were "domet to falutre" because of Ian Smith's intransi. gence."Smith is determined to maintain white supremacy."r he declared. "He is interested in the transference ofthe appearance of power to the black people, not the substance of power."The United African National Council, led by Bishop Abel Muzorewa, stated that it had not yet decidedwhether t attend the proposed conference - whether it did so would depend on its chances of success.Recent statements by leaders of the Rhodesian Front, itfThe guerrilla war in Zimbab- about 80 km south east of Salls- tea estates in eastern Zimbabweneiihbouring African states. said, augured badly for this.we hagtnow spreato almost bury is under the control of the have beern unable to harvest and TheZimbabwean,Patriotic Frontthe whole of the couItry - liberatiorn forces as far as education market their crops because of theand in soe rea white ad- and dippincattle are concerned. operations of the freedom ftersface i uirministration has broken Letters signed by ZANLA In an extensive area south of Shelland Bcqdown. iZimbabwe African National Marandellgs, guerrillas have desEighteenmonths ago the war Liberation Almyl commanders troyed beerhalls end bottle stores intosanctions bustingwas more or-less confined to north were given to headmasters to take owned by local councils THEAnti-Apattheid Movement has atoeLcedthet the evidence sub'eastern Zimbabwe - but now the to the district commissioner at The regime has been forced toSmith regime has designated four Wedza telling him that no school suspend its policy of moving peopleamlconsed Fo~reign Secretary David mitted to the inquiry should be operational areas where freedom

fees would be paid unless he -in operational areas into "protected Owen's decision to set up a judicialmade public.fighters are present. They are - collected them himself. When the villages" in at least three arega inquiryinto allegation that the oil The inquiry was set upaftera Operations Hurricane in the north districtcomnmissioner and a - because the operations of the firms Shell end BP have been report publishedjointly by theeast, Thrasher along the Mozam- security forces convoy set out to freedom fighters, together with thesupplying oil to Rhodesia in con- Anti-Apartheid Movement and the bique border stretching west tourthe schools at the end of resistance put up by the villagers, travention of the UK Sanctions aslemereGroup charged that the.almost to Salisbury, Repulsein the January, they were ambushed by have made it impossible for theOrder. oil companies were involved insouth east and Tangent in the freedom fighters plans to go ahead. TheMovement's Chairman, Bob sanctions bosting (April AA NEWS).west. According to estimates made Altogether, schools catering for A message suspending forcedHlulhes MP, commented that he "Shell and BP in South Africa" byby the illegal regime, there are now around 36,00 children hase been removals in two areas from thehoped that the investigation would Martin Bailey, is aai/able fromat least 2500 guerrillas fighting shut orare functioning outside the District Commissioner for the consider alltheafaalable eildence AAM, 89Charlotte St, Londor inside Zimbabwe - the highest control of the white administration, Chipinga areanear the Mozambique And would be held in public. He WlP 2DO. Price 35p plus postage.-total ever, according to the Salisbury trret- border noted that the sale of cattle,In the east a big area stretching pondent of the FinancialTimes. there had been prevented because Afrom Jnyazura district to Wedza, He also says that the owners of of an outbreak of foot and mouth.disease - presumably because thenormal veterinary service is unable Z W t oto operate. M 1 7 0In Manicaland 4000 peoplerecently deserted their homes and A went to Salisbury and Umtali,rather than move into the "protected villages" setup for them bythe rPgima. .TIn thelHippo Valley areaL goerrillas have been systematically JZ destroying the high fencesbuilt by P by athe security forces around new deadaen oteh gisofreomiqes- 'protected villages", so that it hasbeen impissible for the regime to 1move people into-thviwm,

ACTION -NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONALBritainHaringeyHARINGEY Anti-Apartheid Group held a public meeting on April 4 on "Smith and Vorster: Partners inOppression". Zimbabwean Johnson Ndhlovu said that the whole rationale behind the Anglo-American"initiatives" implied the lack of recognition that the Zimbabwean people had the right to decide forthemselves how they should be governed. John Matshikiza, speaking on behalf of the African NationalCOngress of South Africa, examined the economic links between the Smith and Vorster regimes.On Saturday May 7 from 10 am to 4 pm the Group is planning to distribute leaflets about the situation inZimbabwe at Muswell Hill-Broadway, as well as selling ANTIAPARTHEID NEWS. Itis also to arringe interviews with Zimbabweansin the local press as part of the May 9-14 Week of Action on Zimbabwe.The Group has written to other local organisations suggesting that they hold meetings to mark theanniversary of the shootings in Soweto last June and offering speakers and films. It is also holding a filmevening, organised jointly with a local film society, in Tottenham in June,Contact: Margaret Ling, 8 g Venetia Rd, London N4, tel 348 6657.Cardiff

CARDIFF Anti-Apartheid Group will hold an all-day conference on Southern Africa on Saturday May 28at the Committee Rooms in the Empire Pool, Cardiff. The speakers will include representatives of theSouthern African liberation movements, and trade unionists and MPs.The Group held its AGM on April 29 in Friends Meeting House, and heard Peter Haln asa guest-speaker.It is planning to hold regular meetings on the third Friday of every month at Friends Meeting., HouseFurther information: Farida Hussein, 43 Ladysmith Road, Penylan. Cardiff.West LondonWEST London Anti-Apartheid Group will hold a public meetisg onZimbabwe on Wednesday May 11 at 8 pm at Westway Luncheon Club, Ladbroke Grove, as part of theWeek of Action on Zimbabwe, May 9-14.The Group has also stepped up its work of fund raising for the national Anti-Apartheid Movement inresponse to the urgent need for funds. It asks supporters to contribute saleable bric-a-brac for its stall inPortobello Market on the last Saturday of every month.It is also planning a wine and cheese party at the Workers Music Association Hall, Westbourne Park Road,on Saturday June 18, to raise funds for ZIMA (Zimbabwe Medical Action) and SWAPO's Medical AidAppeal.Contact: Peter Jones, 92A Heather Park Drive, Wembley, Middx, tel 902 2117.BristolBRISTOL Anti-Apartheid Group held a public meeting on March 1 on the situation in Zimbabwe after thebreakdown of the Geneva talks. It was addressed by speakers from ZANU and ZAPU. As a result of themeeting the group is planning to raise funds for ZIMA (Zimbabwe Medical Action).The group also supported a meeting-on Southern Africa ,arranged by 'Socialist Challenge' on March 8, atwhich the speakers were a representativ# of the African National Congress of South Africa and Pat Jordan.Contact: Hedley Bashforth, 74 Cumberland Rd, Bristol 1.SussexSUSSEX University Anti-Apartheid Group held a Week of Action in support of SWAPO in March. Duringthe week 185 was raised towards SWAPO's medical kits appeal and a meeting was held with SWAPO'snew representative in Western Europe, Shapua Kaukungua as speaker.NorwichNORWICH Anti-Apartheid Group is planning a public meeting on Namibia on May 3 at 8 pm in theCentral Library, Norwich. The speaker will be Barbara Rogers. In March the group held a meeting onZimbabwe with a Zimbabwean speaker. A collection was taken for material aid forrefugees from Zimbabwe.Contact Tony Trew, Norwich AA Group, 169 College Road, Norwich NR2 3JD.GLCTHE Greater London Council has decided to stop buying South African goods When current contracts runout in June. Its decision was taken as a protest against apartheid and to show support for the black majorityin South Africa.Local groupsTHE Anti-Aparheid Movement will hold a meeting of representatives of local anti-apartheld groups at theUniversity of Manchester on Saturday May 7. All local AA group are invited to send representatives to themeeting, as well as individual supporters interested in setting up a group.Further details: Yvonne Strachan AAM, 89 CharlotteSt, London WIP 2D.Aid appealAN urgent appeal for aidto Zimbabwean refugees was made at a meeting held to mark ZimbabiweSolidarity Day on March t .Speaking in London, the Deputy Secretary for International Relations of the African National Council(Zimbabwe), Edward Nd/ova, said that regime troops and mercenarie were slaughtering defencless men,women and children every day. Thousands were fleeing into neighbouring countries to escape theseatrocities and they desperately needed food, clothing, shelter and medical supplies.The massive influx of refugees had placed a severe strain on the resources of the liberation movement andthe neighbouring countries.,Edward Ndlovu ca/led on the Britih people to move swiftly to provide assistance for these refuges.The murders and atrocities

committed by the regime could not dampen the fighting resistance of the Zimbabwean people, EdwardNdlovu said. They hardened the resolve of the Zimbabwean people "to continue the struggle with greaterdetermination for the total liberation of our country", he said,The meeting stood in silence to pay respect to J Z Moyo, Vice President of the ANC (Zimbabwe),murdered-by a parcel bomb in January, apd to all those who had fallen in the struggle.Fraternal greetings were brought to the meeting front a number of socialist countries, the African NationalCongress of South Africa, the Communist Party of Great Britain, and several other organisations.Among the speakers at the meeting was National Union of Students' president, Char/es Clark, who outlinedthe forms of solidarity with the Zimbabwean peop/ undertaken by British students. He pledged increasedsupport for the liberation struggle in Soethern Afrtca and called on students to tekevi leading ro/e'inincreasing solidarity activities in Britain, .IrelandFreedom FairIRISH Anti-Apartheid Movement held a Freedom Fair and Bazaar at Mansion House, Dublin, on SaturdayApril 2. The funds raised were for the students who fled from South Africa last year and'are now in refugeecamps in Borswana and Swaziland.During the afternoon there was 'an auction of works of art donated by distinguished Irish painters andsculptors. An exhibition of photoc graphs of South Africa was also on show.Contact: Irish AAM, 20 Beechpark Rd, Foxrock, Co Dublin. Tel Dublin 895035.USSRSolidarityTHE Aniti-Apartheid Movement's Chairman, Bob Hughes MP, and its Executive Secretary, Mike Terry,visited the Soviet Union, April 9-15 at the invitation of the Soviet AfroAsian Solidarity Committee.During the visit they took part in discussionsabout the roles of the Anti-Apartheid Movement and of theSolidarity Committee in the international campaign for the isolation of the Southern African white minorityregimes, and exchanged information about activities.They also met Southern African students at the Patrice Lumumba University, gave interviews on televisionand radio and took part in a meeting at the Africa Institute in Moscow.NigeriaRelief FundNIGERIA has launched a Southern Africa Relief Fund which will raise money foischolarships fr refugeesin Southern Afria. So far-more than 200 of the black South African students who have fled into exile sincethe beginning of the uprisings last June, have been offered p/laces in Nigerian schools and universities.GhanaSeminarMARCH 21 1977 was marked in Ghana by a Seminar on Racism and Apartheid held at State House,Accra, and jointly organised by the Ghana Anti-Apartheid Committee and the Ghana United NationsAssociation.Chaired by a former President of the UN General Assembly and former Foreign Minister of. Ghana, DaisonSackey, the meeting was addressed by Mr David Acquah, Chairman of the Ghana AA Commit Committee,Sean MacBride, former UN Commissioner for Namibia, Abdoulaye Diop, Chairman of the Court of Appealof Senegal and of the Senegal UN Association, and Mihai Simai of Hungary, President of the WorldFederation of UN Associations.In the debate which followedthe opening addresses, delegates from Egypt, Sudan, Cyprus, East and West Germany, the USSR, theUnited Kingdom and the USA, and from the International Student Movement for the United Nations,condemned the apartheid systemAt the end of the Seminar a resolution was adopted reaffrming sipport for the liberation of all the people ofSouthern Africa and expressing the deepest concern over the danger of South Africa becoming a nuclearpower in the near future.It was agreed to ask the government of Ghana to take up the-issue of South Africa's nuclear capability in the Security Council and Qlson Sackey undertook to write toPresident Carter, and the heads of government of allthe permanent members of the Security Councildrawing their atterton to The South African nuclear threatBelgiumAction Week

THE Belgian anti-apartheid organisation AKiA hel a week of action in support of the Southern* Africanliberation movements at the end of February.The week culminated in a mass, rally in Antwerp which was attended by over 3000 people and an eveningprogramme 'Flanders against Apartheid" attended by over 1500 people.A KZA, 3 Schreursvest, B3030 Hevrle, Belgium.Surrey Anti-ApartheidMovementAnnual Jumble SaleSaturday May 14St John's Parochial Hall, cnr Earlswood Rd and BrightonFid, Redhill, SurreyDoors open: 2.30 pmAdmission: SpOffers of jumble and friendswilling to help onrithe day,morning or afternoon,contact: John Prevett, TelReigpte 46629Release political prisoners in Southern Africa One-Day Conference Saturday May 14 Ruskin l0ege,Oxford Conference, discussion and workshops on South Afric, Namibim and Zimbabwe, led by ex-politicalprisoners and freedjom fighitersRegistration fee: El'Furtheridetails: Ruskin Kitson Committee, Ruskin Cuo-gr Oxford, or Oxford Anti Apartheid Group, 105Cardigan St ,Oxford. Tel Oford.35JOIN THE ANTIAPARTHEIDMOVEMENT'Address .. ..-.. ." : :Minimum membeship fee: £3; studnts/pprenices E* Osn-eas: Surface Kaind/,urpeEE3; Airmsail *Affiliations: nateonal organsations, E10; regional orgarnsartions, £5; local orgamisations, £3 Suscriptiot oAA NfEWS: UK and ret of Eusrope C11.75; Ousd Euoe ufaemiE1.75: airmaiE3_75 AAIM& 89 CharlotteSt, London W1P 2130- Tel. 01580-5311,

AAM calls Zimbabwe WeekTHE Anti-Apartheid Movemntent is calling on its supporters to join in a National Week of Action onZimbabwe, May 9-14, to demand that the Government stops talking to the Smith regime and gives its fullsupport to the struggle of the people of Zimbabwe.On Thursday May 12 there will ba public meeting, "Zimbabe: What Now?" at Central Hall, Westminster.The meeting will be preceded by a picket of the Foreign Office to protest against the hangings ofZimbabwean freedom fighters, from 6 to 7 pm.During the week meetings and other activities will take place all-over the country. There will be events inCardiff: Public meeting and filmshow. Wednesday May 11 7.30 Pmn. Students Union,UCW Cardiff.Coventry: Public meeting. Wednesday May 11: time andvenue to be announced. Greenwich: Public meeting. Monday May 9, 7.30 pr.Chariton House, CharitonIT WAS with a new commitmentto expose the violence perpetrated against the black majority in, SouthernAfrica that delegates left the conference on "Repression in Southern Africa" held in London on April 16.In the morning sessionZimbabwrean Arthur Chadzingwa, who is now ZAPU's representative in Britain, described his experiencesin the prisons of the Smith regime.At an earlier stage of the struggle, he said, Zimbabweans had looked to Britain to safeguard their rights. Fora long time they retained their respect for the law and thought that their struggle could be won by thesacrifices of leaders who went to prison, like Joshua Nkomo and Ndabaningi Sithole. But now theregime

had destroyed people's respect for the raw and'they realised that everyone would have to make very greatsacrifices.Tony O'Dowd outlined the "fantastically elaborate" structure of laws which the South African eiehabuitt upto justify itsVillage, London SE9* Southampton: Public meeting"Rhodesia: Who are the Terrorists?". WednesdayMay 11, 7.30 pmt. StMatthews Hall, St Mary'sRoad, Southampton.Speaker: Simte Mabako,Legal Adviser to the Patriotic Front, andAlbie Sachs.South London: Public meeting.Wednesday May 117.30 pm. Vauxhall Training Centre, Walnut TreeWalk, London SEll West London: Public meeting.Wednesday May 11.- 6 pm. Westway LuncheonClub, Ledhroke Grove,London W10.Birmingham: Film and discussion.Monday May 9,7,30 pm.Birmingham UniversityStudents Union. Organisedby ZIMA (ZimbabweMedical Actini.Bristol: Tuesday May 10. Publicmeeting arranged byZIMA: time and venue tobe announced.Leeds: Public meetings arrangedby ZIMA: ThursdayMay 12. Leeds University Students Union at 1 pm.Leeds Trades Hall: timeto be announced.Other meetings are being arranged in Northampton, Manchester, Nottingham and Birmingham.Pickets of Shell and BP offices and service stations are being organised on Friday May 13 to protest againstsanctions busting by the oil companies.N1KOszana -lamini, Horst Kleinschmidt, Shapua Kaukungua and conference "Repression in SouthernAfrica" on April 16repression.He traced its development from the Suppression of Communism Act of 1950; passed soon after theNationalist Party came to power, to the draconian measures of the late 1960s and 1970s.Specialist groups discussed cam. paigning among lawyers, trade unionists, students, church people andjournalists, and two other groups dealt specifically with Zimbabwe and Namibia.There were showings oftwo films - "The Lawbreakers" which exposes the actions of the South African Police in the wake of lastyear's uprisings, and "Sentence ofDeath" with sequences showing Aaron Mushimba's work as National Organiser of SWAPO.The morning session was chaired by Dos Starrs, Chairman of SATIS (Southern Africa-The ImprisonedSociety), and the afternoon session by Pauline Webb, Executive member of the World Council ofChurches. The conference was organised jointly by SATIS and the Anti-Apartheid Movement.Conferencepapers dealing with different aspects of repression in Southern Africa are available from AAM, 89Charlotte St, London W1P2DSA police fire on students.THE South African Police again and assembled outside a YMCAopened fire on demonstrating hall for a meeting to mark the end

students in Soweto after they of the Week, which was called bygathered for a "Heroes Week" the Black People's Convention.meeting On March 22. The police adI tted that theyThe shootings took place after had arrested 37 people - but only 5000 placard-carrying demonstra- 32appeared In court later on tores had marched through Soweto charges of public violence.A briefing docdment setting out information about the issues involved is available from AAM. Alsoavailable are two new posters: "Wanted for Murder: Ian Smith" and "Zimbabwe: Majority'Rule Now", I5peach; and leaflets "Rhodesia: Who are the Murderers?" and "'Zimbabwe: Majority Rule Now", £3.50 per1000. Further details of events from: Anti-Apartheid Movement, .89 Charlotte St, London W1P 2D0;UKcondoneshangingsTHE British Government has again refused to give any pledge that theSmith regime will one day beprosecuted for the illegal hanging of freedom fighters in Zimbabwe.The Attorney General was askedby Andrewfaulds MP "whether he will make it his policy following the liberation of Zimbabwe to instituteproceedings against those in otho- rity in the rebel regime responsiblefor the sentencing and hanging of Africnas engaged in the liberationstruggle ".In reply the Attorney Generalsaid thaf each case would be considered on its merits, "regard beingbed to the evidence available, the question whether any person concerned is within the jurisdiction of thecourts of this country, and the public interest".He gave the same reply when asked whether he would introduce measures to prosecute for treason Britonswho join the armed forces of the illegal revie.Muzorewa calls for national referendumON a recent visit to London, in April, Bishop Muzorewa told a meeting of British MPs that a countrywidereferendum to elect national leader was the only way to stop escalating deaths and destrucion in Zimbabwe.The United African National Council has spelled out a 5-point plan to complete the liberation struggle:0 Smith must immediately'categorically and unequivocally surrender politicalpower and authority to theblack majority0. All persons at present indetention or restriction, allpolitical prisoners and allliving in "protected villages"must be released to participate freely in the nationalreferendumi The British Government,acting urgently in its decolonisation role and if necessarythrough the good officas ofthe United Naions and/orCommonmwealth, must ensure" that there is free colitinalthrteei r .......aactivity, and, repeating the pr-dent-set by the Pearce Commission, must organiseand supervise the nationalreferendum" All freedom fighters andother exiles must be enabledto take part in the referendum* As soon as possible after thereferendum, the BritishGovernmrent must convene a full constitutional conference-to work out and finalise the details of the independence

constitution.In appealing to MPs and press for the implementation of this plan, Bishop Muzorewa pointed out thataround 50 people were being killed every day in Zimbabwe. Every week the Smith regime was illegallyexecuting between 5 and 8 freedom fighter People in the country were terrified of the security forcesbecause it was wll known that units such as the Sous Scouts were massacring civiliansand white missionaries,over 1000 detained withouttrial during past yearMORE than 1000 people have Thirty-three of the detaineesbeen detained under seutity hv already been held for morelegislation in South Africa since than a Yar; 29 have been held for the beginning of lastyear, accord-'between 9 and 12 -onths, 116 for ing to the Christiai Institute of between 6 and months, and Sotrn Africa.At least 471 . 3fr,,.q.nthn A g A l t 137 for between 3 and 6 month.People are still being eld without Others havediseppeared, witl any Prospect of being brought to theirwhereabouts unknown to trial. their families or friends. In one ofOf those who are stilt known the most recent cases the former tube in detention the largest . President ofthe National Youth number, 84am school students, Organisation, Malebelle Molokeng,4 are university atudents, are has not been seen since he left teachers, 16 are associated with home toreport at John Vorster BPC or SASO,5 are churchmen Square police station in Johannesand 5 arejournalists, Fifteen of hor in March. He was first te detainees are former political detained in 1975 andacquitted of prisonere who have served wuten- a charge under the Terrorism Act00 fU o10 Years oin R~be ae~eye.---".~WANTED FORMURDER ISMITHNew campaigns planned against racist repressionI

Western powers again block effective United Nations action against.ApartheidEFFECTIVE action by the UN Security Council against South Africa has again been blocked by theCouncil's permanent Western members. After over a week of discussion on South Africa, which opened onMarch 21, the debate was adjourned because the Western countries - US, Britain, West Germany, Franceand Canada- rejected any form of mandatory action.In-thf face of unanimous calls for a mandatory arms embargo to be imposed against South Africa from allother members of the Security Council. as well as from other African, Caribbean, Latin American, Arab,Asian and European countries, the Western powers maintained that there was no casefor action under Chapter VII of the UN Charter.Instead they proposed a "declaration of principles" which would call on South Africa to abandon apartheid,grant independence to Namibia and stop supporting the Smith regime in Rhodesia, but which contained nosanctions to force the apartheid regime to comply.Four draft resolutions were put before the Security Council, sponsored jointly by Benin, Libya andMauritius. Theya called for the isnposition of amandatory arms embargoagainst South Africai called fora ban on investments in South Africa and onloans therei strongly condemned the South African racist regime"for its resort to massiveviolence and repressionagainst the black people"and demanded that it endsuch practicesa declared that the policies and actions'of the South African regime were "a grave threatto international peace and

security"These proposals were supported by the representatives of country after country - among them Sweden,India, Venezuela, Cuba, Panama, Indonesia, Jamaica, Romania, Lesotho and Kenya.In a speech calling for action to stop Western economic support for South Africa, Nigeria's Commissionerfor External Affairs, Brigadier Joseph Garba, said that economic sanctions, and especially cessation of newinvestments in SouthAfrica, had to be imposed.He said that some countries were reluctant to act because of their investments in South Africa, but they alsohad investments in black Africa.In response Britain's UN Ambassador, Ivor Richard, said that the Western countries had made it clear fromthe beginning of the debate that they intended to continue "normal trade relations" with South Africa.He said that they did not believe that an economic blockade would have the intended effect, and in any caseBritain "cannot afford to sever economic relations with Sqofth Africa".The Canadian representative, William Barton, asked the Council to "depart for a time from the kind ofapproach which has so farproved ineffective" - in spite of the fact that mandatory action against South Africa has never bean tried,because it has always been vetoed by the West.West Germany's UN Ambassador Rudiger von Wechman proposed that the Council adopt theWesternsponsored declaration, saying that it mut take "responsible" action.As weB as representatives of UN member states, the Security Council also heard statements from formerSwedish Prime Minister Olof Palme, Mfansfuthi Makatini, repementative of the African National Congresof South Africa, Potlako Leallo, representative of the Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania, and Albdul SMinty, Hon Secretary of the AntiApartheid Movement - all of them supported the call for mandatory actionAA Secretary calls for stronger U.N arms banABDUL S MINTY,.Hon Secretary of the Anti-Apartheid Movement, addressed the UN Security Councilon March 25. The following is part of his speech.THE international arms embargo against South Africa has been considered to be the orly effective actiontaken so far by the United Nations to counteract apartheid. It is essentially a voluntary embargo relying onthe goodwill and national discretion of Member Statevi Even a cursory examination of the operation of thatembargo reveals its partial implementition and the danger of a gradual erosion.Prior to the UN embargo decisions, Britain was South Africa's major arms supplier and"Hitler and Mussolini led the world to conflagration. Vorster, who thinks like Hitler, might lead us thesame way."Simon Consalvi, UN Ambassador of Venezuela close ally. Since then, successive Governments haveoperated the embargo in different ways, and it would be true to say that in the main Britain does not supplyany combat equipment directly to the Pretoria regime today. Britain claims to implement the armsembargo; yet the way in which it interprets and applies it leaves gaping loop-holes which permit theapartheid armed forces to obtain a wide range of British equipment.The following am examples of this. First, the Export of Goods (Control) Order 1970 prohibits the export ofcertain specified strategic items to other countries listed in a schedule, but those items may be exportedwithout licence to any "port or destination in the Commonwealth. the Republic ofUS ans sales to SAUS companies sold Over f 150,000 worth of guns and otherweapons to South Africa last year, according toa US congress representative.The weapons - among them shotguns, rifles, gun parts, blackjacks, police truncheons, spring guns andteargas guns - were classed as not'military equipment and therefore considered not to fall Witf 1 1 rheUS'arnsytrerlrgs; -Ireland, the Republio of South Africa or the USA". Thus a wide range of equipment may be and is suppliedto the South African armed forces without a licence I being required.Secondly, even in the case of goods which do require a licence, it is not clear.what items are considered tobe of military signicanco and covered by the embargo.Thirdly, there is the whole question of the supply of spare parts for equipment already sold to South Africa- a clear violation of the embargo perpetrated by virtue of the claim that the country is bound by honour todischarge its obligations arising out of Old orders.Fourthly, an indirect method of providing South Africa with military equipment is to send it via anothercountry.

Fifthly, British-designed equipment is made under licence in a third country and then exported to SouthAfrica.Sixthly, there is the wholequestion of British-designed equipment made in South Africa under licenceSeventhlV, British companies,feel that it is the major culprit, since Britain in fact is not now the principal supplier of arms to SouthAfrica. That role has betn taken over by France. But what is true of Britain in these cases and in the"South Africa could not survive as it is today without the support which'the Vorster Government receivesfrom other cou ntries. If that crucial foreign support for apartheid were to be withdrawn the present regime .. would have no power to resist the efforts of the South African people to free themselves. That is the trueway to peaceful change." M J Makatini, representative of the Africarn National Congress of South Africacategories which I have mentioned is alsq equally true of the United States and the Federal Republic ofGermanyThe two countries which arethe Aermacchi MB326Ms and provided a licence for over 200 of them to be made in South Africa underthe name Impala 1: The more modern Aermacchi 326K has also been sold to South Africa. and a version ofit is now being made in South Africa under the name Impala I1.Canada, which once supplied arms to South Africa, now peratesas perhaps the strictest embargo, havingdecided in 1970 to stop all sales of spare parts as well. But, in the absence of a mandatory embargo, thereare other countries, such af Israel, which are aWrking. on arms sales to South Africa.It has been claimed by the iWstern permanent members of this Council in the past that the situation moSouthern Africa does not amount to a threat to peace. I would submit that since those Powers concluded in1960, immediately after Sharpaville, that the situation at that time-did con stitutea disturbance of thepeacewe have now come, after 16 years,"Somle countries are reluctant to act because of their investmeits in South Africa. But they also haveinvestments in black Africa. We would not hesitate to take retaliatory economic action, if necessary."Brigadier Joseph Garba, Commissioner for External Affairs of Nigeria to a stage where all -the objectiveevidence points to more than adequate grounds for determining that there is a threat to peace under ChapterVII of the Charter.These is widespread international concern at the growing threat posedby South Africa, and that is why tens of thousands of British citizens have signed a petition calling for amandatory arms embargo. We'"My country strictly applies the voluntary arms embargo against South Africa and favours making itmandatory. A decision by the Council against new foreign investments in South Africa with the concurringvotes of Souath Africa's major trading partners, would be of great political importance." Anders IThunborg, UN Ambassador of Swedenhanded those petitions to the new Foreign Secretary on Monday of this week when this Council began thisdebate.In our view, a mandatory arms embargo is long overdue. The growing war situation in Southern Africarequires even more decisive action if we are to avoid a catastrophe described by Vorster as being tooghastly to ontemplate. He should know what he is planning.If the Western countries are on the side of freedom, they can agree to a number of initial steps to beadopted by this Council immediately. The first would be to enforce a strict arms embargo and vote infavour of its being made mandatory by the Security Council;.the second, to ban all future loans to andinvestments in South Africa. If those two minimal measures are supported then one can at least hope thatthere will be further action on the part of the Security Council to take decisive measures against SouthAfrica.UK'concern' over SA armshave established subsidiaries and invested in South African companies in order to make weapons therewhich might otherwise be prohibited for export by the embargo.I haviespoken at length about Britain, bat that is not beauey eSecority Councilviolation of the embargo are France and Italy. France sells sophisticated helicopters and other aircraft,including Alouettes and Mirage Fplanes to South Africa, and many are now being made in that country.Italy is the other major violator of the arms embargo. 5 hassupplied

A Ministry of Defence spokesman has said that the Government would be "seriously concerned" if Britishfirms with interests in South Africa Were "acting contrr% to the spirit" of the British arms embargo policy.But the Government did not, he said, have "any general powers to interfere with the export of infor mationto South Africa or to prevent firms, by whoever they are owned, from manufacturing arty product in thatcountry". .The Minister of Defence was asked by Frank Allaun MP whether he would raise in the Cabinet the ' issueof South African subsidiaries of British companies which manufacture military and policeequipment inSouth Africa.ICI, Plessey, Racal, British Leyland and GEC-Marconi are among a large number of British firms whichmake equipment for the South African defence force in their South African factories.

Military spending soars in SA budget estimates'The South African economy stil shows no sign of pulling out of its deep recession. An AA NEWS SpecialCorrespondent examines the implications of this for South Africa's military capability and for its ability tocontinue to Attract large quantities of capital from overseas.ONE of the mainprops of apartheid has been the growth of the South African economy In the last year or sothis has beet showing signs of collapse. After growing by about 6-per cent a year in the early 1970s, outputfell to 2.1 per cent in 1975 and 1.4 per cent in 1976 - the lowest annual growth rate since the second worldwar.Inflation is accelerating and unemployment has soared. Some estimates for the number of Africansunemployed - there are no official statistics-put it as high as 2 million, nearly 20 per cant of' the workforce.Even white unemployment has doubled in the last year and living standards of whites in work have-declined by 3 per cent.On top of this the regime has introduced a deflationary budget. This will make it increasingly difficult forthe apartheid regime to sustain its high level of military spending or to continue to attract foreign capital orwhite immigrants.Although the world recession has played a part in causing this decline, in particular through its impact onthe price of gold, there arefactors specific to the South African situation. In the first place there is the levelof military spending -about one fifth of government expenditure i 1876 brought about by the abortiveintervention in Angola and the escalating cost of the war in Namibia. Much of this expenditure goes onimported equipment.A second fector in the change in -attitude of foreign investors. The experience of the UK, Italy or demonstrations if Soweto and else-Egypt, for example, demonstrates. where, and thein suppression, has It remains to be seen how far theshaken the faith of investors in the IMF will want to enforce economic stability of the apartheid regime.and political instability with its This hastaken the form of declara- usual deadly prescription of tions ofpious principle by US financial orthodoxy. The budgetcompanies, and more concretely by was described, in the South African the withdiawal of R650 millionin Financial Mail, as being aimed at short-term funds in 1976. impressing "world bankers andThis has especially serious conse- financial bureaucrats".quences for the South African One aspect of the budget is theeconomy. Up till now South Africa further restriction on the withhas been able to run a deficit on itsdrawal of profits earned in South foreign trade, because it could rely Africa by foreign companies. (The onforeign funds, channelled main chapge is that profits earnedthrough government loans or before 1975 may not.be taken outprivate investment, to replenish the ofthe country.) In the short run, reserves.. It is because of this free- this will stop one of the gaps dom ofmanoeuvre that it has been through which funds are being able to industriplise so rapidly. Thewithdrawn. It will however make balance of payments which has investors even more nervous aboutinhibited the growth of wany other everseeing a return on their investeconomies is much less important *ment. In the long run, therefore,In the present situation, when there will probably be a further foreign investors can no longer be declinein theinflowof funds. relied on for funds, not only do the Another aspect of the budget is resources have tobe found to cover military spending. The budget the funds withdrawn, but the trade allows for anenormous increase in account has to be balanced. 1977/78 - 21 per cent, three timesThe budget just introduced aims as fast as government spending as a to do this, and at the same time towhole. This is to cover the cost of isolate government borruwing from possible extended conscription,

and dependence on foreign loans. The the development of a domestic arms squeeze on the private sectoris industry to counter the threat of a therefore doubly fierce in order to more effective arms embargo.Any 'achieve the balance of payments further extension of fighting willadjustment and preempt the put a strain even on this budget.limited funds available for borrow The-economic and military situeing for the government, tionshave therefore become muchThe worst effects will be felt on more closely interlinked.black employment and living The pressure on white livingstandards, but it is also true that standards must inevitably have an whites are, at last, being made toimpact on immigration. This, comfeel an economic cost to political bined with the threat of extendedisolation and military aggression, conscription and the manifestAt the time when short-tern instability of apartheid, is likely tofunds were being rapidly Withdrawn' make South Africa a much less last year, South Africa was able toattractive Place for white iniprotect its reserves partly .by heavy grants. Even the apartheid regime'sdrawings on IMF loan facilities, formidable propaganda machine These drawings are not costless in willnot be able to go on hiding the political or economic terms, as the facts forever.ICI condemned by church groupICI should halt all further nvet The report refers to allegations Trade and Industry's Sub-Committeement in South Africla according to that ICI was inlved, throu 9h inquiry into British companies' a reportpublished by Christian AECI, in the production of the tear employment practices in SouthConcern for Southern Africa, The gas that has been used ggainst black Africa in 1973.. report argues thatmore investment demonstrators during the past year, AECI is known to operate a rigid in South Africa"would do more to This involvement, suggests CCSAi, job colour bar - the top six grades support thepresent oppressive raises "serious ethical questions for into which its payroll workers aresocial and political system than to its shareholders", divided are all white and theencourage the development of a It discounts Cl's claim that it bottom seven grades are a Il-black,more just society" , cannot influence the employment The report suggests that£ hurcrhIt also condemns ICI's involve- practices of its associate company shareholders should rais these ment inthe South African muni- AECI and quotes a director of tlse question, with the company. 'In antions and uranium extraction company as saying: "We clearly appendix it lists more than 80industries and sharply criticises the have at least 50 per cxnt responsi- church organlations acharitiestreatment of black employees by bility for what it (AECI) does." which hold nearly £12 millionsCl's associate company AECI. AECI is one of the biggest worth of IC shares.The report estimates that during employers of black labour in South . inSouth af odneythe last three yeqrs iCI's stake in Africa. Many of its workers are I. i So - ' by RSouth Africa has effectively migrant labourers housed in cow Sa MA is published by Christiandoubled, so that it now stands at pany compounds, and AECI his Conern for Southern Africa,about £100 million, refused to disclose any details on 1 Cambridge Terrace, Regents Park,CCSA cites the opinion of black their wage rates since' IC's memo- London NW1 4JL. Prim E1.50.leaders and committed Christians in randum to the House of CommonsSouth Africa in support of its call for a freeze on further investment.During the last 12 months, it says, "there has been an extremely significant hardening in the position ofvarious leading public figures. Whereas a year ago many black leaders were prepared to argue publicly thecase for further foreign investment-they are now, with the one exception of the Transkei, either silent oropposed to further investment."Watch out for this wine!A South African company is plan ning a big export drive for its wines and brandies in Britain later thisyear. The Oude Meester Group has clinched a deal with the London wine merchant Collisons to market awhole range of Bout/s African sherry and table wines,A spokiesman for another SouthAfrican wine producing firm, the South African subsidiary of the British Disjillers Corporation, dismissedthe campaign to boycott South African goods, when he was asked how South Africa could market its winesuversea."The world's silent majority of wine drinkers demand our wines," he told a Financial 1sfaillreporter.Barclays Bank keeps SA defence bonds

BARCLAYS Bank jas denied reports that it has asked its South African subsidiary, Barclays fNational, tosell £6.5 million worth, of South African Government defence bonds \hich it bought last year.,At the bank's annual sharebolders meeting on April 6, its Chairman, Anthony Take, said that BarclaysCould "only suggest" to its subsidiary that it should sell thef# Barclays BaE* D.C.0South African press advertisement,bonds. It could not "instruct" them to do so, he said.Shareholders at the meeting who questioned Barclays' roje in Southern Africa included representatives ofLewisham Borough Counch and Derbyshire County Council and of the Roman Catholic Diocese ofBirmingham.The leader of Derbyshire County Colncil, ClIr P Regen, questioned directors about the transfer of fundsbetween Barclays National in South Africa and Barclays' subsi-diary in Rhodesia, He received only vague replies that the bank was not evading UN sanctions and thatanyway it had no control over its South African subeidiary,Barclays' deputy qhief executive in South Africa, Colin Waterson, has defended the bank's holding inGovernment defence bonds. "The bank is obliged to hold a proportion of its assets in Government stock,and the defence bonds were the most attractive available at the time," he said.Press reports have speculated that the South African Government could retaliate against any decision to sellthe bonds by ordering an acceleration of the "indigenisation" of foreign-Owned banks, which are supposedto be reducing their external shareholding to.50 per centWhat the whole incident seems to show is the impossibility of the bank's acting as a "I beralising influence"in South Africa. So long as it maintains its investment there, it is bound to be pulled further and further intosupporting the apart heid regime.The latest figures show that Barclays still heads the table of South African banks, with total deposits worthR2841 million.At a meeting in London with Barclays management a delegation from SWAPO (South West AfricaPeople's Organisation of Namibia) asked the bank not to support the South African army is Namibia bybuying defence bonds. This dalegation also asked the bank not to establish a separate subsidiary in Namibiauntil the country had ' achieved genuine independence.BRITAIN'S Ambassador to South Africa, Sir David Scott, reassured white South Africans that Britain willcontinue to defend their government and way of life, in a television interview last month.He said that South Africa's "friends and trading partners" spend large amounts of time and nargy trying tp"minimio the 'damage " caused by rdsolutions passed by the UN and other international bodies,.e wernt ton: " You can ask: What business is all this of"Britain and myself? 1'l tell you. It's because wehave so many interests in common with you, which we want if possible to maintain, because we haveenormous investments in your country - the hi- t inv-arrnt of any ov seascountry in South Africa, which we hope will remain pro fisable and remain sound - because we buy fromyou more than any other country-does and we would like to go on doing so, even because we would likeonce again to be able to play international cricket and inrernational rugby with you."Because of al/ this, he said, "we thought it right to take a line in the United Nations which has broughtdown very much criticism froem the rest of the world."In particular I must remind you that the only four occasions on which my Governmenti Britain, hasexercised the veto in the Security Council-during the life of the present Government has been in favour ofSouth Africa,"* No more money for SouthAfrica' - General MotorsGENERAL Motors has taken a important factor in the creation ofhalting step towards freezing its a more promising investment investment in South Africa, It has dirnate inSouth Africa is a positive told church shareholders who resolution of the country's pressingcoordinate efa resolution calling for social problems which have their a halt to new inevtment at theorigins in the apartheid system." corporation's annual meeting that General Motors is one of South it willnot expand its investment in Africa's biggest motor vehicle South Africa until the country producers andhas more than 5125 solves its racial problems. million invested there. The correctIts statement said: "South Africa economic recession in South Africa has been experiencing severe civilmeans that demnd for cars and disfurbances, and political uncer- lorries has fallen and General taintims are

prevalent throughout Motos plants are already operating Southern Africa. The single most well below fullcpaityi .UK ambassador pledges support for apartheid

,RHDIA. TH FACTSSouth Africa: Smith's biggest arms supplierIT IS estimated that the Smith regime can field upwards of 60,000 troops of all races. To a large extent, thishas been achieved through the enforcement of increasingly rigid conscriptionrequirements on the whitepopulation.No non-African male between the ages of 16 and 38 is allowed to leave Rhodesia without specialpermission from the authorities, and virtually every able-bodied person in this age group - including manywomen - spend several months of every year, if not more, in the front line.The regime has recentlyannounced that from the end of May, the over-311s will also be required to render compuls6ry militaryservice if they have not already volunteered. Even so, the security forces ave increasingly come to dependon foreign'mercenaries as the armed struggle has intensified and mvore and more whites have left thecountry. It is estimated that upwards of 2000 foreign nationIs, the majority of them British, are currentlyserving in Rhodesia's regular army.As well as supplies of manpower, the Smith regime is continuing to receive massive outside support in theform of arms and ammunition. South Africa, of course, continues to be the main supplier, as well ascollaborating with Rhodesian military planners nd engineers on the design of equipment such as the Hippotroop carrier I a vehicle adapted to resisting landmine explosions in Rhodesian bush warfare but familiar tothe outside world from its use in the Soweto uprisings).Another joiat Rhodesian. South African project recently announced is the 'Mamba' automatic pistol for so-called 'civiLian' use.A variety of semi-automatic machine pistols and handguns based on Israeli designs are now beingmanufactured and sold tO white civilians inside Rhodesia.The US has also been named inrecent allegations of sanctionsbusting in the arms trade with the Smith regime. New airstrips for militaryuse are said to be under construction inside Rhodesia with the help of US technicians and funds from theCIA, while the Rhodesian airforce were reported in February to be using OV-1O double-fuselage spotterplanes manufactured by Rockwell International and used by the Americans in Vietnam. Lockheed Aircrafthave also been accused of supplying aircraft indirectly- through Italy and South Africa.Over 150 Zimbabweans hanged by white regime'TIME and again, since UDI, apparent 'concessions' by the Smith regime have been used to divert attentionfrom an upsurge in political repression inside tlh country.So far this year 22 people are known to have been sentenced to hang, in addition to the 64 who wereexecuted last year. Altogether at least 150 Zimbabweans have been hanged by the Smith regime since UDI.In December 1976 over 1000 Zimbabweans were known to be detained without charge or trial by the Smithregime for their political activities. Nearly 850 were known to be serving prison terms for supporting theliberation struggle in one wy or another. The International Defence and Aid Fund hat estimated that thereare at least 3000 political prisoners m Rhodesia, if all those unknown to the outside world or held inremote police and drmy camps in the operation areas are included.Many hundreds of civilians have been shot dead by the security forces in the operational areas andthousands more herded into fenced 'protected villages'.in a statement in the House of Assembly-on February 23 this yea, Ian Smith admitted that in the last fouryears 632 Africans had been killed and 294 wounded "while breaking the curfew or running with andassisting terrorists".According to a recent report by theinternational Red Cross, at least 400,000 Zimbabweans are now living inconcentration campstyle 'protected villages'. The policy of forcibly evacuating people from their homes intothese camps was extended from the north eastern area of the* country to the south east last year, and mayalso have been introduced in the north west.* stop dealing with the Smith regime as a legitimate government end its policy of collaborating withVorster in order to find a "solutionsituation in Zimbabwe .

* take immediate actiorsto extend UN -sanctions against the Rhodesian r force South African compliance* declare that any British subject fighting for the illegal regime is guiltyo state now that all thoseresponsible for illegal hangings in Rhodesia willas murderersi- give sanctuary as of right for Zimbabweans who have refused to join th, security forcesa provide economic aid to the front-line African states which arebeing atRhodesian troops and whose economies are damaged by the implement- sanctionsI provide humanitarian aid for the thousands of Zimbabwean refugees wtneighbouring statesWest busts -sanctimIT IS inconceivable that the Smith regime could have survived for so long unless economic sanctions hadbeen broken or evaded on a massive scale. Sanctions have always been ignored completely by South Africaend, until its downfall, the Caetano regime in Portugal. But apart from this they have never been effectivelyenforced by other UN member states.The half-hearted and piecemeal fashion in which the British Government imposed sanctions after UDI gavewhite Rhodesian. businessmen ample opportunity to make contingency plans. A blanket ban on trade andinvestment with the regime was not enforced by Britain until 1968, following the UN's mandatoryresolution on the issue.Ever since then, the Icopholesand ambiguities of the law have afforded British companies in Rhodesia plenty of scope to continue toexpand and make profits out of their operations thereBritain has repeatedly blocked moves by the UN Security Council to strengthen sanctions by extertdingthem to postal and other communications, or to aircraft landing rights and, even more important, remainsimplacably opposed to sanctions against South Africa.The lack of political will displayed by the West on the sanctions issue has meant that the Rhodesianeconomy has not merely survived, but in many respects flourished. The dramatic expansion of the miningsectordominated by South African, British and US multinationals - is a particularly good example.Durig 19761R tineral producio cent to a record v RS230 million. -T measure a reflecti( prices fetchedby1Rhodesian missap markets. Lonrho, momntlto point1 Shall and SP for b tdons, is, t ogethe~r Zinc, one oftht British mining ca Rhodesia.Only last sumis Chiaf ExecutiveI was criticised in ti of Trade and l* the company for k cosely involved wmining operations "than was coasisa terms of UK-sast tion".BritaiinattIN all its attempts"settlement" in R British Governr priority of winnin of the illegal SnilThe attempts h broken down beca has never been pre tenance any plan v to majority rule.In December 1I Tiger and in Octo HMS Fearless, the rejected proposals, Prime Minister Wil very muchmore fs white minority reg Kissinger deal of 1In November IIproposals were ear Foreign Secretary Douglas Home and they would haveh indefinitely entre minority ruleahd, whelmingly rejecta majority of Zi.bal the leadership of tlThe Smith regime is forced to rely on black soldiers in its w

POPULATIONAfricans Whites Asians and Coloureds6.2 million (95.3 per cent) 277,000 (4.2 per cent) 31,500 (0.5 per cent)LAND DISTRIBUTIONAfricans Whit s, Asians & Coloureds,46.5 per cent (7 acre.s per head) 46.5 per cent (146 acres per head)EDUCATIONEducational expenditure per school pupil per annum (for-year to June 30. 1974) Africans £- 22 Whites, Asians & Coloureds £249AVERAGE WAGES(per week) (for the year to December 31 1975 ) Africans £7.23

Whites £79.29(Average weekly wage for African farm labourers; £2.80)to get a settlementformed African National Council regime could renege on the deal ifOn September 24 last year it so decided after two yearsSmith agreed, in a much-publicised The subsequent conference in television broadcast, to accept Genevashowed that the regime African majority rule within two was prepared to go much further .to Wina settlement than it hadbeen on earlier occasions, because of its deteriorating military and economic situation - but that it stillrefused to accept majority to I.South African-Rhodesan projectyears. But the regimetbad faith became clear when it refused to relinquish the key-ministries of defence and"law and'order" and insisted on white minority control of the interim government machinery. In a speechtoa closed session of the Rhodesian Front, junior defence minister, Ted Sutton-Pryce, argued that theBritain has also relied increasingly on attempts to persuade South Africa to exert pressure on Ian Smith.Prime Minister Callaghan, when hspwas Foreign Secrerary, and last month Foreign Secretary David Owen,have both visited South Africa to hold talks with Vorster.But Vortter has consistently supportedSmith in his refusals to make real concessions. In January the SouthAfrican Government was reported to have told Britain that it would increase its military aid to Smith if thesituation in' Zimbabwe "deteriorated"ion" to the1 regime and toof treason vile prosecutedthe RhodesianSattacked by entation ofawhog have fled toEs6 Rhodesia's ceipa rose by 3 par Ad value of over i. This is in large sebs of the rising by tile sale of ,ion oiworld rho so keen at the it-the finger at orbreaking sonc. her-ith Rio Tinto*two major comspanies inassaler, Lonrho's re, Tny Rowland, in the Department riuitry report on forbeing more0 with Los.rl'aionsin Rhodesia sistnt with the eancefon legisle-a.rua t~neer coumnenters Rhodesia andestablishes FortSalisbury1923 " Britain declares thatRhodesia is a Britishcolony1965November Rhodesian Frontmakes unilateraldeclaration ofindependence fromBritain1966April UN Security Councilresolution permitsBritish Governmentto use force to blockade the unloading of.oil for Rhodesia atBeiraDecember Prime Minister Wilsonholds abortive talks with Smith on HMS

Tiger1967AugustSeptember ZAPU and ANCguerrillas clash withRhodesian and SouthAfrican securityforces in north- western Rhodesia1968March Smith regime hangsAfrican freedomfightersMay UN Security Councilimposesumandatory economic sanctionsagainst Rhodesia October More talks on HMSFearless betweenWilson and Smith1969June Illegal regime adoptsnew constitutionwhich virtuallyguarantees perpetualwhiteruleLand Tenure Actallocates 50 per centof Rhodesia's landRefugeesflee frojntroopsIN the last two years at least 50,000 Zimbabweans hay fled over the borders into Mozambique andBOtswana to escape theRhodesian security forces. The flow of refugees through Botswana during 1976 is put at between 10,000and 14,000, while 36.000 are estimated to have entered Mozambiquse.The refugees need food,clothing, medicines and other essential supplies. Among them are many schoolchildren who needopportunities to continue their education outside the country.It has been estimated that the Botswana Government alone will requjirea total of £43 mdllonto counter theeff cts of the Rhodesian war, including the provision and administratiosn of refuee campa.Material a for the refugees can be sntvia ZIMA (Zimbabwe Medical Action). 84 Tindal St, Batlal Heath,BirminghamB12 90S, or Mozambique Solidarity Action, c/o MAGIC, 12 Little Newport St, London WC2AH 7.1974 DecemberSmith regile closes Zambian border and President Kaunda refuses to reopen itSmith regime releases some leading detainees including Joshua Nkomo and Ndabningi Sithole LusakaAgreement reached between African National Council and Smith regime, under which the liberationmovement agreed to a cease fire and the regime promised to release political detainees.1975August Abortive talks on theZambesi between African NationalCounciland Smithregime,flovormber ZIPA insbab"par cent to blacks 1970JanuaryMarch Clashes betweenZAPU guerrillas and Rhodesian securityforcaesMarch Smith proclaims

Rhodesia a republic 1971November Settlement proposalsmade by ForeignSecretary Sir AlecDouglas Home agreedto by Smith regime December African NationalCouncil formed underchairmanhip ofBishop Abel Muzorewa 1972March Pearce Commissionreports the rejectionof the settlement proposals by theAf rican majority December Guerrilla warfare icalates. ZANU unitsopen fighting in northeastern Rhodesiasecurity forces mount 'Operation Hurricane'.ZAPU guerrillas mount mount sabotage operantns in north west.FURTHER INFORMATIONPamphletsZimbabwe QuizPublished by International Defence & Aid Fund 200Rhodesia: South Africa's Sixth Province Published by International Defence & Aid Fund 20pCivil War in RhodesiaPublished by Catholic Institute for International Relations £1FilmsNhazoniaAvailable firom Mozambique Solidarity Action, c/o 12 Little Newport c/o 12 Little Newport St, LondonWC2 Posters"Wanted for Murder: Ian Smith" 15p"Zimbabwe Majority Rule Now" 15pLeaflets"Rhodesia: Who are the Murderers?" £3.50 per 1000 "Zimbabwe' Majority Rule Now" £3.50 per1OOQSpeakers are available from the Anti-Apartheid Movement AAM, 89 Charlotte St, London W1P 2D. Tel01-580 5311 -7 reople s -srmyformed by cadresfrom ZAPU andZANUNovember Talks open betweenSmith regime and African NationalCouncil led by JoshuaNsemo1976Breakdown of talks between Smith andAfrican NationalCouncil led by Joshua NkomoRegime announces'Operaticn Thraser'along the easternborderFebruary Bishop Muzorewacalls for a referendum.to elect a nationalleaderMarch Mozambique announces closure of its

border with Rhodesia August Rhodesian troopsmassacre over 500refugees at Nhazonlarefugee camp inMozambique September Formation ofPatriotic Front byZAPU and ZANUOctober -Regime steps upattacks on MozambiqueNovember Talks open in Genevaunder British chairmanshipDecember Regime announces'Operation Tangent'along RhodesiaBotswana border 1977January British Governmentannounces termination of talks inGenevaJason Moyo, VicePresident of ZAPU, isassassinatedPatriotic Frontannounces new movetowards unity of ZAPU and ZANUUN Security Counildemandlrasn end toaggression againstBotswana.February Smith regime admitsthat 64 freedomfighters were baggediitShe last veariin woos Saith and Vorsterttemptsnts to reach a legel in Rhodesia, the imnent has made a ning the agreement 'anith regime. sts have alwaysbecause the regime prepared to counIan which could leadIa.er 1966 on HMS Ictoper 1968 'on , the-Smith regime isals'put forward by r Wilson, which were irefavourable to the V regime than thp of 1976.yr 1971 settlement agreed between tary Sir Alec iand the regime, but we had the effect of iheathing whiteafidthey were overjected by thembbweans under of the specially-1973January

-teievision workersrenege on SA boycottACTT, the film and televisiontechnicians' union, has liftedits 'cultural boycott' policyon South Africa. An AA NEWScorrespondent explains someof the reasons for the decisionand argues that renewed efforts must be madgtorestore this pressure on SouthAfrica. .LAST month ACTT,-the Association of Cinemsatogrdph, Television and allied Technicians, narrowlydecided at its national conference to reject its long standing policy on South Africa. By 119 votes to 105,

the conference passed a resolution pointing out that the prime functioe of the union was to safeguard itsmembership and warning the union of the ramifications of implementing 'political policies'.Previous policy had become gradually more comprehensive. At last year's conference it was decided toextend previous policy so that members were instructed not to work in South Africa, not to "-vrocess film(except news and documentary material l, and to ban the sale of programmes from and to South Africa.Alan Sapper, General Secretary of ACTT, pointed out to the conference that the policy had succeeded instemming the flow of such material, especially commercials, though there had been some exploitation ofloopholes. SACTU,the South African Congress of Trade Unions, had many times thanked the union for its resolute standdespite the difficult economic climate in the industry.Robert Bolt, President of the union, also spoke at this year's conference, saying that in his view the existingpolico was 'morally, socially and politically' laudable but.that members had to realise that such a policy, ifretained, needed to be supported by the whole union membership or great harm might come to the union asa result.With the development of the South African film and TV industries, this narrow decision opens up a verydangerous hole in the cultural boycott maintained for many years by the three main unions in the field -ACTT, the Musicians Union and Equity, and it makes the need for individuals in thepe unions, and others,to intensify their efforts to restore this policy or at the very least to improve exfsting policy, even greater.Many members of ACTT are disturbed at the implications of the new non-policy on South Africa. It isironic that it should come just at the time when the South African Government has stepped up its repressionin the cultural field. Kani and Ntshona were detained last year. Gibson Kente, James Mathews and otherleading figures continue to be restricted in their artistic activitiesDemonstrate against Youth Unemployment- Sunday May 29Assemble: Speakers Corner, Hyde Park 1.30 pmMarch to Trafalgar SquareSponsored by the London Committee Against Youth Unemployment. Supporters include: North LondonAUEW, No 8 Qonfederatiobof Shipbuilding and Engineering Unions, Greater London Association ofTrades Councils Russell Kerr MP, Arthur Latham MPNew,,.postersApartheid in Practice. Law and Order in South AfricaApartheid n Practice: Health and Housing in South Africa Apartheid in Practice: Jobs andWages in South AfricaApartheid in Practice: Education inSouth AfricaApartheid in Practice: Land inSouth Africa15p each or 50p for set of 5 Stop Deaths in Detention! Release All South African PoliticalPrisoners!Stop the Torture of South AfricanPolitical Detainees! 151p eachPublished by the AntiApartheid Movement in cooperation with the UN Centre Against Apartheid Releaseall Southern African,Political PrisonersPublished by SAIS (Southern Africa-The Imprisoned Society) Price 15pAvailable from: AAM 89 Charlotte St, LonJonAWIP 2DQIn the last Year the ACTT policy hd really begun to bite. Both in South Africa and here there werepowerful interests that made strong efforts - in which theywere sometimes successful _ to circumvent theban. They and others - TV sales departments, producers and directors - recognised that operations in andwith South Africa could be extremely lucrative. It is widely known-that such recognition did not stop therebut transformed itself into efforts to bring about aweakening of the boycott. They succeeded.We hope that the policy will change again next year and that members of other unions will maintaintheirpolicies. We hope too that the vigilance of the ordinary

supporters of the old policy outside ACTT will be stepped up. Public pressure has been quite effective inchanging the minds of artists and others who have wanted to go to South Africa in the past. But, already thepolicy change is being exploited. If you'see South African films in your area, or adverts on TV, protest,because, for the time being at least, there is very little that ACTT-as a union can do about this and all otherattempts to smash down the cultural boycott fence put up around South Africa over the past few years. TheMusicians Onion instructs its members not to work in South Africa. Equity asks performers going to SouthAfrica for live performances to sign a declaration that they will not appear in South Africa if they areforbidden to play before multi racial audiences and the union does not providei Equity contracts. AflTVsales are banned by Equity and a move to extend this ban to cover film, radio, cassettes and other recordedmaterial was defeated by only 12 votes in a near 2000-vote referendum last year.Burton stars in SApropaganda filmRICHARD Burton isto star in a the South African mercenary infilm which seems designed as a their trial of survival - has trerhenpublic relations exercise for me- dousovertones of 'gettingcgnarism, to be'shot in South together'"Africa and Swaziland later this year. 'Whispering Death", the film of The film "The Wild Geese" isauthor Daniel Carney's earlier book,based on a novel by white Rhode- is currently showing in Britain. It 1sian Daniel Carney, whose earliertells the story ofa white man's 'novel 'Whispering Death" has pursuit of a "terrorist" group Whosealready been filmed in Rhodesia. black leader has raped and murd'rerThe technical adviser will be for- edhis wife and amounts to amar Congo mercenary, Mike Hoare. thoroughly racist'commentary onIt will till the story of a mercen Rhodesia's guerrilla War from theary army recruited to rescue the viewpoint of the white minority.deposed black president of an Equipment, technical assistance andAfrican country from the death personnel for some scenes in the sentence. Other stars who will film wereprovided by the Smithappear in it are Robert Mitchum, regime's Ministry of Defence.Roger Moore, Stephen Boyd, The production of the film alsoTrevor Howard and David Niven. involved large-scale sanctionsThe film's producer, Ewan busting. It was made and financedLloyd, has said: "This fim will. be by a West Gernman company, Lord very worthwhile to South Africa'sFilms of Munich, and start Trevorrelationship with the rest of the Howard, James Faulkner, Sybilworld.. Danning and Chkistopher Lee."The theme - oarticularly It was dismissed by LBC's film,pivoted on the growing respect critic as "this odious little film" between thebilack president and when itopened in Lonidon.NALGO calls for UK tradeembargo against NamibiaTHE local government workers consider cancelling the contract ifunion NALGO has asked the mandatory sanctions were imposedBritish Government to take the - on tsaaf with Namibia by the UN initiative in calling on the UN SecurityCouncil. A reply from the Security Couecil to impose a trade Chairman of British Nuclear Fuels embargoon Namibia. similarly referred to the decision ofThe issue was first raised in the Security Council in June 1975 i NALGO's National Executive not toimpose sanctions underCouncil last November, when Section V1lof the UN Charter "asI Tony Ayland, a member of the the situation in Namibia is not a AAM Trade Union Committee,threat to the peace".proposed a motion condemning In March NALGO's ExecutiveBritish Nuclear Fuels' ontract carried an amendment to Tony $ with Rio Tinto Zinc for the supplyAyland's motion which asked for a o A urani um from Namibia. " ft r thor approach to the overn.NALGO was subsequently told mrt to support a mandatory

by Fqreigns Secretary David Omen embargo. NALGO has subsequently that the Government would only "written to the Foreign Secretary S"- but has not yet received a reply.1)_3

SWAPO asks UK forbovcott 1SHAPUA KAUKUNGUA was recently appointed by SWAPO (South West Africa People's Organisationof Namibia) as its representative in Western Europe, In an interview with ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS heappealed to supporters of the Anti-Apartheid Movement to support SWAPO's struggle for a unitaryindependent Namibia.What attitude is SWAPO asking the British Government to take towards the Turnhalle talks and SouthAfrica's plan for the setting up of an 'interfm government' in Namibia'We are very clear on the Turnhalle conference - we do not recognise it in any way and we ask our friendsall over the world to support our stand. The BritishGovernment is committed to establishment of a unitarystate in Namibla and we urge it not to recognise the ko-called 'interim government'.In February member countries of the EEC issued a joint statement warning South Africa not to go aheadwith its constitutional plan in Namibia. The statement made it clear that any government set up by theTurnhalle would not be accorded international recognition. We appreciate this stand and trust that the EECcountries mean what they say.This applies also to the attitude taken by Western ambassadors who held a meeting on Namibia withVorster recently in Cape Town and told him that settingsup an'interim government' would not solve theproblem.We say that the only way there can be peaceful change in Namibia is if South Africa allows the UN tosupervise elections in Namibia, in whicl the people can vote for a government of their own choice.We want peace - but only when South Afica genuinely accepts the transfer of power to the Namibiarlpeople. Until then we will go onfighting anddo everything in our power to frustrate schemes like the Turnhalle.What other measures is SWAPO asking the British Government to take in relation to Namibia?The Western powers must realise that as long as they have trade relations with South Africa they arestrengthening the apartheid regime and encouraging its illegal occupation of Namibia. We'are completelyopposed to that and ask all governments and organisations to comply with UN resolutions on Namibia andcat all economic links with South Africa in regard to Namibia.We have made it clear that if Western countries - including Britain - continue to trade in Namibia, that willhinder future relations SWAPO will review treaties and contracts when it wins power. So we urge theBritish Government to reconsider its position and look forward to the future.In particular we ask the British Government to refrain from importing uranium from Namibia and to cancelthe British cntract for the supply of uranium from Rio Tinto Zinc's mine at Rossing. How can Britishpeople support the struggle for an independent Namibia?We ask them to support our struggle by giving-us both political and material support. In Namibia theliberation struggle isfed by SWAPO and we urge people to support struggle through SWAPO. We areasking groups actively involved in the situation -,like local antiapartheid groups - to explain to peopleSWAPO's policies and aims.Then there are specific issues like the current campaign to collect funds to buy medical kits for SWAPO:we appeal to people to contribute for that. We need medical aid both for wounded comrades and for localpeopleWhat is the situation of political prisoners in Namibia? *Many areas in northern Namibia are under a State of Emergency and in some areas people are arrested and- detained indefinitely. The policehave absolute power to arrestpeople without warrant and detainthem in camps.There are many camps -atOshakati, Rundu, Oshikango,Odibo, Katima Mulilo and someothers. There are reports that

people are tortured there to intimidate them into telling themovements of our freedom fighters- because our fighters depend onthe support of the local people.What has happened to Aaronfhushimba and Hendrik Shikongosince they won their appeal againstthe death sentences in March?Aaron Mushimba and HendrikShikongo were sentenced t6 deathsimply for being members ofSWAPO: International pressure fortheir release was very high andbecause of that the injustice of their trial was exposed even by the SouthAfrican regime's own courts. Butnow they are in danger of beingrearrested, like two other SWAPOmembers, Axel Johannes and VictorNkandi.The South African regime knowsthat in order to set up its 'interim government' it must try to neutralise SWAPO. It knows that itcannot carry through its plans ifSWAPO is campaigning againstthem, because support for SWAPOis at a very high level.So we fear that many of ourcomrades will be arrested. On thiswe are trying to alert the international community to speak out andwarn South Africa that arrests ofNamibian people and SWAPOmembers cannot stop the struggle.The people of Namibia willcontinue the struggle for liberationuntil our country is completelyfree. -,Support Namibia medical calTHE campaign to raise funds for medical kits to be sent to SWAPO is receiving nationwide support.ASTMS, ASLEF, A UEW, the Iraqi Students Society, Kingston Black Students Group, MiddlesexPoly,technic StudentsbUnion are among organisations who have donated £100 or more (which covers thecost of one kit),It is thanks to such generous support that a preliminary batch of kits, due to be sent in early May, canalready be paid for, including transport.Mishake Muyongo, vice-president . of SWAPO, said in a recent interview in London that there could be nobetter way for supp orters in the UK to contribute towards the struggle to free Namibia from South Africancontrol. Medical Kits such as these, which contain a range of pain killers and surgical instruments, enable,field doctors and nurses to pive immediate attention to wounded comrades at the front (approximerely Idoctor or nurse per guerrilla unit of 12-15). As the war has intensified, casualties have inevitably increased.SWAPO doctors and nurses will also be able to take the portable kits into the rural areas of the operationalzones where the medical nied is desperate,SWAPO medical aid kitThe atrocious medical service in The success of the medical kits northern Namibia is one of thecampaign depends entirely on theconsequences of South African degree of support received. Theoccupation. The story of health Namibia Support Committee is facilities for black Namibians readsappealing urgently to organisations like a catalogue of horrors. For and supporters to continue to helpexample, two Anglican church in any way they can to raise funds

hospitals were closed by the South for the kits. It can arrange for African authorities in Septemberspeakers and films to be shown at 1974. The South African authori- meetings ties have also refused toallow Anyone who could help, orofficials of the World Health would like further information,Organisation into Namibia to contact the Namibia Supportinvestigate outbreaks of bubonic Committee, 21-25 Tabernacle St, plague. London EC2,tel 01-58 4342.FURSPicture by Morning StProtesters picketed sales of karakul pelts from Namibia, in the City of London on March 25Apartheid will stayunder new regimeTHE Nationalist Party in Namibia has fixed on May 17 as the date for a referendum for thewhite"population group" to vote on the Turnhalle's plans for an interim government in the territory.The Bantustan blueprint for Namibia's "independence" that has been worked out in Windhoek has beenenthusiastically endorsed' by the Nationalist Party at an Extraordinary Congress, where it was also agreedto maintain closel ties With the Nationalist Party in South Africa.As the Vorster regime moves ahead with its plans, it is clearer then ever that uander the Turnhalle schemefor a so-called "three-tier" government incorporating the. existing bantustan authorities, the political andeconomic status quo of apartheid will be retained intact.The Soyth African army will remain entrenched in Namibia while effective control over the proposed"multiracial" central government will be exercised from Pretoria. The contract labour system, whichoperates even more rigidly in Namibia where about 75 per cent of all labour is supplied by migrant workers- than in'South Africa itself, will continue and has in fact barely been mentioned by the Turhalle delegatesin recent months.Under the South African lawsthat have been imposed on Namibia, all residents of-bentustans are forced to seek contracts; all maleAfricans over the age of 16 who cannot prove that they are self-emplqyed or in full-time education areobliged by law to register as "work-seekers" with a South African labour bureau in their bantustan Theselabour bureaux can then assign a person to any job in the white areas regardless of personal preference. NoAfrican can even obtain a railway ticket without the appropriate "work-seeker's permit".All this will stay. The Turnhalle has agreed that the hated pass laws shall be retained for the time being, andplans are already well in hand to issue every "inhabitant of Namibia"with a uniform "identity document" ontop of the pass, incorporating the words "South African citizen (inhabitant of South West Africa)" anddenoting the holder's racial group by means of a code.In the words of the specialcommittee set up by the Turnhalle to make recommendations on labour and the pass laws, identitydocuments are "indispnsAble in the applicatibn of control over the daily movement of people" arid theyhave an obvious security function in enforcing border security and combating the activities of SWAPOfreedom fighters.'Reject Turnhalle'- SWAPO conference in NamibiaAT a conference in Windhoek on March 29, SWAPO (South West Africa People's Organisation ofNamibia) reaffirmed its opposition to the Turnhalle tribal talks. The meeting also stated that SWAPOwould have nothing to do with any elections held on an ethnic basis.Delegates elected Daniel Tjongarero as new Deputy Chairman, acting for Chairman David Meroro whohas fled into exile in Zambia, and Aaron Mushimba, recently released after being held under sentence ofdeath, as Treasurer.Hendrik Wittooi, a formermember of the Nama groups which disbanded last year so that their members could join SWAPO, waschosen as Secretary for Education and Culture, and Martha Ford as Secretary of the Women's Council.Recent booklistA comprehensive list of recent publications on Namibia has been compiled by the Lutheran WorldFederation. "Namibia Bibliography 1976 - Part 11" is available from LWF Department of Studies, PO BoxNo 66, Route de Ferney 150, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland.

whfy DiacK sportsmen reject SA Sport Minister s 'new deal

NEW attempts are being made by the South African Government, white sportsmen and admfinistrators todeceive the world into thinking that apart heid is being eradicated from South African sport. But has therereally been any change especially at the most important level, the clubs.A more thorough examination pf the situation explains why opponents of apartheid sport both inside andoutside the country have rejected the Government's 'new' pqlicy and are continuing to hold out for trulynon-racial sport at all levels.Last September the South African Minister of Sport, Dr Koornhof, announced changes in the Government'ssports policy which Would alow black and white clubsto play against each other in certain circumstances -but integrated clubs were not permitted.The main points of Koornhofis statement were:" that white, Coloured, Indianand African sportsmen andwomen should belong to theirown clubs* that the committees or councils of the different racegroups could consulttogether so as to advance theinterests of the sport concerned* that interg roup competitionin individual types of sportshould be allowed at all levels,if the controlling bodies sodecidedis that in team sports, thecouncils or committees ofeach race group shouldarrange their own leagueswithin the racial group* that councils or committees could arrange leagues ormatches enabling teams fromdifferent racial groups tocompete - but only in consultation with the Ministerthat each racial group shouldNUS-AAM Network NATIONAL STUDENTCONFERENCEJuly 1 - 3Loughborough University Further details: NUS, 3 Endsleigh St, London WC1,or AAM,89 Charlotte St.London WIP 2Darrange its own relations with other countries and that each should award its own badgesor colours0 that teams comprising players from all racial groups couldrepresent South Africa and be awarded colours whichwouldincorporate the national flagor its coloursOpponents of apartheid sport condemned this as an extension of the 'multinational' sports policy to the clublevel. A few black sportsmen have joined white clubs - and vice versa. The reason why no action has beentaken against them is that the adverse international publicity which would result from prosecutingsportsmen would not be worthwhile because the numbers involved are so small.Instead the Government 'discourages' integrated clubs by intimidation and pressure of various kinds. Threewhite rugby players who have turned out for non-racial clubs in Port Elizabeth recently described how theyhad evidence that they were under security police surveillance,In case white racism and police intimidation do not continue to be as efficient as in the past at preventingmired clubs, the Government has introduced the Reservation of Public Amenities Amendment Act whichetends the definition of 'public amenities' which may be reserved for the exclusive use of a particular racegroup to sports

facilities.Another aspect of the newpolicy is the extension of the use of stooge bodies with black participa tion. In cricket and football'motivating committees' have been set up made up of black and white delegates, with a black figurehead butwith effective white controtl.The 'motivating committee' for cricket agreed to introduce 'normal' cricket from last season. But from thestart there were controversies over the interpretation of the agreement which have'led to the virtualdisintegration of the scheme.- Two of the three strongest units of the former non-racial federation SACB6C are no longer participatingin the new structure, and are considering reconstituting SACBOC.Last December it was announced that tbe 1977 national bowls championships would be open to black clubs- provided they agreed to affiliate to the white association.It is estimated-that there are about 350 black bowlers compared to 67,00O whites. Black bowlers rejectedthe idea of forming their own association affiliated to the white one. bectse there are too few black clubs toprovide regular competitionIn tennis, the black organisation affiliated to the white union withdrew from all 'multinational' tournamentslast year on the grounds that the whites were making no attempt to introduce non-racial tennis atoall levels.Anti -Apartheid MovementSPONSORED WALKSunday May 151i , A \ i Ap1 ti ihid Mtorx citnt is h liltit , s p os oreI d ailk in I ppi ng Iorest in Sunday May [,\i15 tI, ,io c mu i -nCcrtd cash to c Ise thIn i strit, n tc i\ vit ns 's budget. " I Its s lk will I I I rtn ThcyudnBitt,t Ilc ,,itii ,si 1 pm atnt end there at approvximatclyIi [i1 t ue ll l11 twIo riiulcs Jt Ill is ) 1 tiles.a p i peiI to I ill . t... ... bs , I i ic ii t , t suII ess II, o h valk Iv taking pur hith ', ,vcv sr by sI.tl. oiirig sitlsln' tln s h o o r h . " "pn is.rso hip I ..i....sr ,r ,iiltltr I i . . A. I , .I oI Ii lv"Anlvi Ap'itlis'l, irv"mtilett, XlJ Cht 1i im , 1t,vtsl 1)' li 21K). 1( 1 580 1 I5I .planned v. racist teamiPLANS for a concerted campaign against a series of events in which white South African sportsteanm areto take part this summer at South Coast resorts, will be disssed at a meetingat Sussex Uniersity on April 30.The speakers at the meeting will be Samba Ramnmy, Chairman of SANROC, Joan Brickhill and PeterHai.,The caipaiga will be oordinied by an umbrella body - Sussex Campaign Against Racism in-Sport (SCARS).The events aree Women's Bowling Championships, May 20 - June 4, Worthingo Federation Cup, Jiune 1-18, Eastbourner ers, une'29, Hastings :*r Derek Robins Xl v Western .s are not allowd tO join, Province, June 30, HastingsHastings says Go Ime'to apartheid cricketers"Mr Derek Robins' Xl will play matches against Wanderers Cricket Club of Johannesgirg and WesternProvince Cricket Club on June 29 30 and July 1 at the Central Cricket Ground in Hastings."Thisannouncementb y Ground Committee Chairman Graeme Mounsey in the Hastings & St LeonardObserver on February 12 sparked off a local protest which has now become Part of tbe nationat AAMcampaign against South African sports visits to South Coast resorts this summer.The protest campaign focused on two vital meetings. On March 30 Ahe AGMA of the Central Groundrejected a motion calling for the withdrawal of the invitation by-46 votes to 36 - a margin regarded asencouragingfy close by campaignleaders.Further encouragement wasforthcoming on April 2 when Leslie Hairiman, chairman of the UN Special Committee Against Apartheid,sent a telegram to the Mayor of Hastings urging him to respect UN resolutions .However, the Borough Counr,61 at tS meeting on April 5, voted by 18 11 to reject a Liberal motion callingon the Council to request the Grqund Committee to withdrawv the invitation

The striking feature of the moeaning was the cynical relbctance of the majority Tory group to discussapartheid at all, and their mono lithic opposition to te withdrawal motion. The Tory Party - andthe NationalFront - are the only major groups in Hastings not so far to have declared their opposition to the visit.General feeling in the town now is that the Ground Committee is now out on a limb and will only go aheadwith the visit at its peri, the Council by itsostrich-like attitude will precipitate the very troublethey wish to avoid.At present however the signs are that the Committee seems deter mined to ignore increasingly urgentcalls for the iovitation to be withdrawn.Remember Soweto!End British collaboration with apartheid! Support the liberation movements! Solidarity with the people andstudents of Southern AfricalMARCH AND RALLYSaturday June 18NUS calls for maximum support to commemorate the beginning fthe uprisings in South Africa on June 16last yearAstemble: Speakers Corner, Hyde Park, 1 pm *March to Bull RingSpeakers: Nkosazana Dlami, former Vice President SASODan Hopewell, President NUSSTsietsi Mashinini, Soweto Students RepresentativeCouncilSue Slipman, President Elect NUSPublicity material available from NUS International Department. Organised by NUS, 3 Endsleigh St,London WC1. Tel 01 387 1277

How IsraelISRAEL has become established as one of the Vorster regime's few international allies., A new report bythe UN Special Committee Against Apartheid traces the history of the South African-Israeli speciaIrelationship and provides a comprehensive survey of the links between the two countries.South African-Israeli relations grew closer after the June 1967 war and coqperation increased by leaps andbounds after the war of October 1973.The most significant recent event was Prime Minister Vorster's visit to Israel in April 1976 when heconcluded agreements on economic, scientific and industrial collaboration between the two countries.During his visit he inspected theKfir military aircraft factory toured strategic areas in the-southern SinaiThe significance of his visit brought 6ut by an editorial in Rand Daily Mai: "There is no gainsaying thesignal nature of Vorster's triumph this week. achieving a publicly announce economic, scientific and induspact with Israel be has done fa more than merely formal ise I that have, in any case, been gr stronger. Hehas, in fact, acqt for South Africa a public frien avowed ally, at a time when t country confronts an increasihostile world and an increasin aggressive black Africa."Israel's military cooperatio the apartheid regime has grow rapidly in the last few years. taken the form bothof suDolisupportsand military equipment and of assistance repoin counter-insurgency training and diam -the use of sophisticated weaponry. dianwas In August 1976the Israeli radio Irthe announced that Israel was building uodtwo long-range gunboats armed pronMr with sea-to-sea missiles for the iB 61By South African Navy. Unofficial Iid sources were quoted as having said desifttrial that 50 South African naval officers targ ir and their families had arrived in Tracrnds Israel and would take delivery of expiowing' the boats in January 1977. finaiired- Trade between the two countries I

id, an has also increased rapidly - it has Afri his almost doubled since the October throngly 1973 war. Israel's biggest import pubgly from South Africa is raw diamonds, Isratwhich are not included in statistics pie, n with for trade between the two countries cher n since salesare carried out through BerlIt has London. Israel is one of the world's Trar es of leading diamond processors and IThe Great White Hoax~ South Africa's propaganda machineThe Great White Hoax - South of UK money invested in Souih other countries combined."Africa's international propaganda Africa. The book coniludes with sommachine. Published by Africa "The Great White Hoax" clearly carefully documented sectionstraces the enormously expensive exposing some of the untruths of Bureau, 48 Grafton Way, London andsophisticated communications South African official propagandW1. £1. and lobbying network involved, for non-white education and"ARE your opinions your own -or from the official propaganda minis- health, the quite vicious Southare you being manipulated for try in Pretoria through other African government propagandasomeone else's gain?" was the cry government agencies, private exercise in Namibia against SWAof an anti-PR group in an American "fellow traveller"groups both in and the. series of frauds - historielection some years ago. It's a ques- South Africa and overseas, and political and economic - on whi tionone could well ask of large persistent "objective" propaganda the vaunted "black homelands"numbers of British people and . echoes from British and American Bantustan policy is based.groups - including nearly all our citizens deeply deceived by Actual examples of Southindustrialists and right-wing politi- Pretoria's forked tongue. Indeed, African propaganda advertisemercians - after reading "The Great perhapsthe most chilling section of are given in the text, there is anWhite Hoax". the book is'Part Four - Propaganda unusually detailed and most usefBecause what the book makes in America - where Mr Vorster's index, and the back, cover should- crystal-clear is that, with the use of deception machine is so deeply be obligatory-teading for all Briti- every communication medium entrenched that an American news- newspape editors, industrialistsknown to man, and with rigged paper editor has actually com- with South African ties, andfacts and dishonest arguments plained: "I receive more propaganda potential British emigrants to Soslickly streamlined by government from South Africa than from all Africa. For neatly and preciselypropagandists in Pretoria, Britain - lists and quotes the main racist iaand indeed most of the world - is -of anti-Semitic Nazi Germanybeing extensively deceived byracist , , and proves that South Africa's kiSouth Africa about everything from o racial laws, section by section,the Bantustans to the real security in , point by point, are those of NaziGermany - applied to blacksASIA AND AFRICA TODAY SouUi Aft*f l instead of to Jews.NO wnoer ton, tat oe oGreat changes have taken place in Africa and Asia in the last few years-as more and more countries havethrown off the shackles of imperialism in their drive for national liberation and independence.A question frequently asked is: "What is the attitude of the Soviet Union to these new developments?" Nowis your chance to find out-by subscribing to a new English-language journal-ASIA AND AFRICATODAY-which is poated to you direct from Moscow.An illustrated bi-monthly, thisjournal looks at political, economic and cultural life in African and Asiancountries. A subscription costs £1.50 for one year 4fi imues) and 12.25 for two years (12 issues),Send this form, with yosrremittance, to Central Books LId, 37 Grays Inn Rd, London WCIX 8PSPlease supply ASIA AND AFRICA TODAY for I year/2 years Nam e .............................................Address.............--..........................I enclose - ..................bsy M e asayA jOint Are-A4gtli MSOON/A joint Apti-Apartheid Movement /Haslemn" Group publication. Price 35p. Fro:t AAM89 CharIqtte St,London WIP 2DQ.its ab cal,ish

uthit awe eyNo wonder, then, that one of the majorproducts and exports of racist white South Africa isthe slickly-polisbedl untruth, intended to deceive the world about apartheid, and about much else besides. For theunmasked truth about South Africa might sicken even those in other countries who so often defend thatinfamous state and its "God-fearing government". And that, after all, is why South Africa spends such vastsums on worldwide propaganda that, checked point by point against the documented facts, is found to bynothing but a dangerous hoax.apartheidrtedly buysalmost half its raw onds from South Africa's ond mining giant De Beers. n 1974 Israel andSouth Africa rrook a joint campaign to note oranges and orange juice ritain.n April 1975 South Africa was gnated a "preferred export t" by the Israeli Ministry of de and Industry, andIsraeli orters were granted spacial ncial concessions. sraeli investment in South ca hastiaken place primarilyugh joint undertakings by it and private corporations. eI's Koor Industries, for examis involved in anagricultural micals plant project in the in "border area" near the nskei.srael ias recently shown interest'in investing in the Bantustans. In April 1976, an Israeli delegation attended a symposium organised in theTranskei by the South African Foreign Affairs Association.Israel is being used by South Africa as a manufacturing base from which to evade the boycott against it. Itis'also using it as a springboard for circumventing EEC and US tariffs on its products. South African semi-finished goods can be exported to Israel and finished there to qualify for an Israeli certificate of origin, thustaking advantage of Israel's free-trade agreements with the EEC and theUS."Relations Between Israel and Sourl Africa " is published by the UN Special Committee Against Apartheidandis available from the Anti-Apartheid MovementIGill n JSOME fifteen years ago Gillian Jewell, graduate of Rhodes UniversitV and the Sorbonne, was lecturing inFrench at the University of Cape Town.The early 1960s, aftermath of Sharpeville and the massive response of the African people, was a period ofhigh activity in the Congress Movement, which has since intensified. Gillian Jewell was among theactivists.Gillian was a dedicated,committed woman who implemented her beliefs at every level. Fund raising was then -- as now - animportant if unpopular task. She ,was a woman of considerable intellectual ability and this wosrk would notappear to have suited her natural inclinations. Nevertheless she recognised its political importance andapplied to it her extraordinary energy and imagination. At the time she was working in 'Amalizo', a highlysuccessful fund raising group chaired by Looksmart Solwandle Ngudle, the first detainee known to havebeen murdered in detention.After my imprisonment in 1963, Gillian visited me regularly in Pretoria. In 1966, however, she was herselfdetained under the 180-day clause (the Criminal Procedure Amendment Act No 96). The horrors of herexperience in prison at the hands of the security police triggered off the illness which dogged herrelentlessly for the rest of her life.The tragic circumstances of her death momentarily draw aside a curtain, giving valuable, albeit horrifying,insights into the torture I chamber which so many of our comrades have not survived. Although Gillian wasto die almost eleven years after her detention, she was no less certainly a victim of the vicious apartheidregime than 1 Looksmart who preceded her by nearly fourteen years. This fact cannot be over-stressed., In1966 her doctors instructed Gillian to leave South Africa. She did so with great reluctance. She came toEngland determined to pursue her studies and to do all she could to support the struggle for liberation of thepeople of South Africa. She tried to resume her academic career, began work on a PhD thesis on violencein.the ' French novel, but had tostopbecause of her ilnfiss.Ntf er a, ilianbje, a ....REVOLUTIONARY COMMUNIST Latest issuesNo 5 November 1976Women's Oppression Under Capitalism South Africa: The Crisis in Britgn and the Apartheid EconomySouth Africa: International Solidarity and the British Working Class No 6 April 1977

The Communist Parties of Western Europe: The Origins of the NationalRoads to SocialismThe Investment Trap: Are Reforms Impossible? Rsview of "Trotskyand Fatalistic Marxism" (Hodgson)Lenin and the Bolshevik Party. A review of T Cliff's "Lenin" by BruceLandau, member of the RMC (USA) Plus reviewsPrice: 50p + 13p postage (overseas 75p + 12p postage) From RCG Publjcatipns t,t0,;4 Rajifton Roat LOndntiSE2AULi,"',Cewellwriting to me in gaol and herletters did much to sustain meduring those long years. She spentsome time in' Algeria where shetaught and at the same timesupported some young people and assisted them with their education.Gillian's selflessness and genersity were total. Her contact concern was for the deprived and she did all shecould to remedy theirsituation, as a committed politicalperson and as an individual.Gillian's passionate love of.literature must be mentioned in this brief tribute'to her. She was deeplyfond of Yeats and in conclusion Iquote a poem to which she wasdeeply attached.I went out to the hazel wood, Because a fire was in my head,And cut and peeled a hazel wand, And hooked a berry to a thread.And when white moths were on thewing,And moth-like stars were flickeringout,I dropped the berry in a stream And caught a little silver trout.When I had laid it on the floor I went to blow the fire a-flame But something rustled on the floor,And someonecalled me by myname:It had become a glimmering girWith apple blossoms in her hairWho called me by my name and ran And faded through the brighteningair.Though I am old with wanderingThrough hollow lands and hillylands,.I will find out where she bas gone,And kiss her lips and take herhands;And walk among long dappledgrass,And pluck till time and times aredone,The silver apples of the moon, The-golden apples of the sun.Jack TarshishSpotlight on ..BONN-PRETORIA AXIS.Pamphlet published by AntiImperialist Solidarity Committee(FDRI and African NationalCongress of South Africa.From: Sechaba Publications,49 Rathbone St, London WIA

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Why black sportsmen reject SA Sport Minister's 'new deal'NEW attempts are being madeby the South African Government, white sportsmen andadministrators to deceive theworld into thinking that apartheid is being eradicated from South African sport. But hasthere really been any changeespecially at the most important level, the clubs.A more thorough examinationpf the situation explains whyopponents of apartheid sport bothinside and outside the country haverejected the Government's 'new' policy and are continuing to hold out for truly non racial sport at alllevels.Lest September the SouthAfrican Minister of Sport, OrKoornhof, announced changes inthe Government's sports policywhich would allow black and whiteclubs-to play against each other in certain circumstances - but integrated clubs were not permitted.The main points of Koornhof'sstatement were.* that white, Coloured, Indianand African sportsmen andwomen should belong to theirown clubsas that the committees or councils of the different racegroups could consulttogether so as to advance theinterests of the sport concernedis that inter group competitionin individual types of sportshould be allowed at all levels,if the controlling bodies sodecided" that in team sports, thecouncils or committees ofeach race group shouldarrange their own leagueswithin the racial group* that councils or committeescould arrange leagues ormatches enabling teams fromdifferent racial groups tocompete - but only in consultation with the Ministerthat each racial group shouldNUS-AAM NetworkNATIONAL STUDENTCONFERENCE- July 1- 3LoughboroughtniversityFurther details: NUS. 3 EndsleighSt, London WC1, or AAM, 89Charlotte St, London WIP 200 j

arrange its own relations with other countries and that each should award its own badgesor colours0 that teams comprising players from all racial groups couldrepresent South Africa and be awarded colours which would incorporate the national flagor its coloursOpponents of apartheid sport condemned this as an extension of the 'multinational' sports policy to the clublevel, A few black sportsmen havre joined white clubs - and vice versa, The reason why no action has beentaken against them is that the adverse international publicity which would result from prosecutingsportsmen would not be worthwhile because the numbers involsed are so small.Instead the Government 'discourages' integrated clubs by intimidation and pressure of various kinds. Threewhite rugby players who have turned out for non-racial clubs in Port Elizabeth recently described how theyhad evidence that they were under security police surveillance,In case white racism and police intimidation do not continue to be as efficient as in the past at preventingmii'ed clubs, the Government has introduced the Reservation of Public Amenities Amendment Act whichextends the definition of 'poblic amenities'which may be reserved for the exclusive use of a particular racegroup to sportsfacilities.Another aspect of the newpolicy is the-extension of the use df stsoge bodies with black participation. In cricket and football 'moti.vating committees' have been set up made up of black and white delegates, with a black figurehead but witheffective white controlThe 'motivating committee' for cricket agreed to introduce 'normal' cricket from lastseason. Butfrom the start there were controversies over the interpretation of the agreement which haverledto the virtual disintegration of the scheme.- TWO of the three strongest unitsof the former non-racial federation SACBOC are no longer participating in the new structure, and are considering reconstituting SACBOC.Last December it was announced that the 1977 national bowls championships would be open to black clubs- provided they agreed to affiliate to the white association.It is estimated that there are about 350 black bowlers compared to 67,000 whites. Black bowlers rejectedthe idea of forming their own association affiliated to the white one, because there aretoo few black dubs toprovide regular competitionIn tennis, the black orgenisation affiliated to the white union withdrew from all 'multinational' tournamentslast'year on the grounds that the whites were making no attempt to introduce non-racial tennis at all levels.Anti-Apartheid Movement'.SPONSORED WALK/Sunday May 15h, l , s -AI i\pai ut i iMoiinc I is horlin t spos iinsord "alk Si I Epping F iirest in Sunda May i Iy 5 17,i.sc mi c-needed a cas t case the strins i Ii the Misoveenter 's uldgict.i salk will s hori Irm ri cydon Bris trie ositiui at 1 pm and enl there at approiximately t p". I i. ,rill be 1-rrirules o" l anid I, iiles.%\, ipeAl Iii all Loishn ieubers t((i 1111i c ilitc. o e success iii ltst' sswalk Iy taking partAis- H ' I lte i 1-1tis,,s ,, 89 C in e , rs i ho . 21 p " "o 8[o so hil, I or,m, an, r i \;lahtc Iro, Ih,AAMX oll'ice. . . . Ani - Ail",I ,;'hid Mh,c nroh wSi Chm(fh,tt St, I fod )t It 21)Q. [de 580 53 11..planned . racist teamiPLANS for a concerted Campeign laalst a series of events in whicht white South African sports team ae totake part this summer a South Coast resorts, will be dismased at a meeting at Samse University on April 30.The seakern at the meeting will be Sumba Ramamy Chairman of SANROC, Joan Brickhlll and Peter HalnThe campaign wil be sordinlby an umbrella body - Sussex Cmpaign Against Racism insSport (SCARS).The events are. *Women's Bowling Champon ship, May 20 - Jue 4,Worthing* -Federation Cuph Je 13-18.EastbourneS Derek Robins Xi Wanderers. June 29, Hastings* Derek Robins XI vWestern is are not allowed to join - Province, June 30, Hastings

Hastings says "Go iome'to apartheid cricketers"Mr Derek Robins' Xl will play matches against Wanderers Cricket Club of Johannesbtrg and WesternProvince Cricket Club on June 2930 and July 1 at the Central Cricket Ground in Hastings."Thisannouncement by Ground Committee Chairman Graeme Mounsey in the Hastings & St Leoair Observon February 12 sparked off a local protest which has now become part of the national AAM campaignagainst South African sports visits to South Coast resorts this summer.The protest campaign focused on two vital meetings. On March 30 the AGM of the Central Gwoundrejected a motion calling for the withdrawal of theinvitationby 46 votes to 36 - a margin regarded asencosuragingty close by camrpaign leaders.Further encouragement was forthcoming on April 2 when Leslie Harriman. chairman of the UN SpecialCommittee Against Apartheid, sent a telegram to the Mayor of Hastings urging him to respect UNresplutions .However, the Borough Counl, at Lts meeting on April 5, voted by 18 11 to reject a Liberal motion callingon the Council to request the Ground Committee to withdrew the invitationThe striking fetec of the renting was the cynical reluctance o the majority Tory grou to discuss apartheid atall, and their mono lithic opposition to the withdrawal motion. The Tmry Party - and the National Front -are the only major groups in Hastings not so far to have declared their opposition to the visit.General feeling in the-town now is that the Ground Committee is now out on a limb and will only go aheadwith the visit at its peril, the Council by its ostrich like attitude will precipitate the very trouble they wish toavoid.At present however the signs are that the Committee seems deter minedeo ignore increasinglyurgpet callsfor the invitation to be withdrawn.Remember SowetolEnd British collaboration with apartheid! Support the liberation movements!, Solidarity with the peopleand students of Southern Africa'MARCH AND RALLYSaturday June 18NUS Calls for maximum support to commemorate the beginning of the uprisings in South Africa on June15last year!Assemble: Speakers Corner, Hyde Park, 1 pm March to Bull RingSpeakers: Nkosazana Dlamini, former Vice President SASODan Hopewell, President NUSSTsietsi Mashinini, Soweto Students RepresentativeCouncilSue Slipman, President Elect NUSPublicity material available from NUS International Department Organsed by NUS, 3 Endsleigh St,London WC1. Tel 01 387 1277r . . . .