Antimatter: It Matters by Alex Elizabeth Heart
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Transcript of Antimatter: It Matters by Alex Elizabeth Heart
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Image: NASA
Antimatter: It Mattersby Alex Elizabeth Heart
Alex Elizabeth Heart
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What is Antimatter?
Image: Professor Gerald Gabrielse
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Gabrielse
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The Big Bang
• 15 million years ago the universe was born• First moment of the big bang extreme heat
enforced homogeneity of energy• Less than 1 nanosecond old energy coalesced
symmetrically into equal amounts of matter and antimatter
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Symmetry Problem
Alex Elizabeth Heart Image: Leonardo da Vinci’s Vitruvian Man
• Equal amounts of matter and antimatter came into existence
• Matter and antimatter annihilate each other completely
• We cease to exist
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Image: Virginia Tech
Searching for Asymmetry• B mesons are especially heavy particles• By studying their rate of decay, science hopes to unveil asymmetry• This could help explain why matter exists
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Leptogenesis
• Leptogenesis explains the asymmetry of matter and antimatter
• “…very heavy neutrinos morphed into a shower of antineutrinos. The antineutrinos pulled the lepton side of the see-saw down; the amount of ordinary matter had no choice but to increase.”
Alex Elizabeth Heart
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Image: NASA
After the Big Bang
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Image: Education Closet
Key Discoveries
Each is essential to account for where our knowledge of antimatter is at today
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Image: Cover Junction
Albert Einstein
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Image: United States Public Domain
Paul Dirac
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Image: Caltech Archives
Carl Anderson
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Image: Isaac Asimov
Science Fiction Influence
• Seetee Stock • I, Robot• Star Trek
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Image: Star Trek
Star Trek
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Image: NASA
Antimatter as a Fuel?
“If an idea does not sound absurd there is no hope for it” –Albert Einstein
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Radiation Therapy
High energy radiation to shrink tumors and kill cancer cells
Alex Elizabeth Heart Image: SoftPedia
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Antiprotons vs. Other Particles
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• Photons: damage healthy cells going in and out of the body
• Protons: damage healthy cells going in but not out of the body
• Antiprotons: same as protons with more concentrated energy deposition and more accurate
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Energy Deposition
Alex Elizabeth Heart Image: Lewis, R. A., Smith, G. A., & Howe, S. D.
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Accuracy
Alex Elizabeth Heart Image: ECAA.org
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Antimatter is Expensive
• NASA Estimates that it costs $62.5 trillion to produce 1 gram of antimatter
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Let’s Improve
• More facilities need to focus on making antiprotons and better methods need to be identified.
• According to Kalogeropoulos & Muratore "Antiprotons are the best particles for [cancer] therapy" (1989)
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