Antibiotics
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Transcript of Antibiotics
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Anti-BioticM.Hammad Tariq
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What is antibiotic Classification Use Misuse Resistance & Cross-resistance Possible side effects Characteristics of ideal antibiotic
Key Points
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An antibiotic is a naturally occurring, semi synthetic or synthetic type of agent that destroys or inhibits growth of micro-organisms.
What is antibiotic
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Antibiotics are classified several ways
On the basis of mechanism of action
On the basis of spectrum of activity
On the basis of mode of action
Classification
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On the basis of mechanism of action antibiotics are classified as followings
i. Protein synthesis inhibitor ii. Cell wall synthesis inhibitoriii. DNA synthesis inhibitoriv. RNA synthesis inhibitorv. Folic acid inhibitorvi. Mycolic acid synthesis inhibitor
On basis of mechanism of action
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On the basis of spectrum of activity antibiotics are classified as Broad spectrum Antibiotics◦ The term broad-spectrum antibiotic refers to an antibiotic
that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria
TetracyclineChloramphenicolAmoxicillinCephalosporinErythromycin
On the basis of spectrum of activity
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Short spectrum Antibiotics The term short-spectrum antibiotic refers to an
antibiotic that acts against a narrow range of disease-causing bacteria
Penicillin-GCloxacillinVancomycin BacitracinFluxacillin
Cont..
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On the basis of mode of action antibiotics are classified as followingsBacteriostatic
A bacteriostatic agent is a biological or chemical agent that stops bacteria from reproducing, while not necessarily killing them otherwise
BactericidalA bactericidal agent is a biological or chemical
agent that kills the bacteria
On the basis of mode of action
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Pneumonia Sepsis Meningitis Gall infection Skin infection Mucus membrane infection Diphtheria Gynecologic infection ENT infection Fungus Infection
Uses Quinsy Scarlet Fever Siberian Ulcer
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Misuse
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Resistance◦ If the concentration of drug requires to inhibit or kill
the microorganism is great or less then the normal use then the microorganism is considered to be resistant to that drug
Cross-resistance◦ Cross-resistance to a particular antibiotic that often
results in resistance to other antibiotic, usually from a similar chemical class, to which the bacteria may no have been exposed.
◦ For-example◦ Clindamycin and lincomycin
Resistance & Cross resistance
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Although there is a long list of side effects but some of them are listed below.◦ Diarrhea◦ Bloating◦ Indigestion◦ Abdominal pain◦ Loss of appetite◦ Being sick◦ Feeling sick◦ Itchy skin rash◦ Coughing◦ Life threatening allergic reaction
Possible Side effects
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Ideal antibiotic should have following characteristics◦ Selective toxic to the microbe but nontoxic to host cell◦ Microbial rather than micobistaic ◦ Relatively soluble , function even when highly diluted in
body fluid◦ Remain potent long enough to act and is not broken
down or excreted prematurity◦ Doesn’t lead to the development of antimicrobial
resistance◦ Does not disrupt the host health by causing allergies or
predisposing the host to other infection◦ Reasonably priced
Ideal Antibiotic
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https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/25612
www.webmd.com/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloramphenic
ol http://www.orthobullets.com/basic-science/9
059/antibiotic-classification-and-mechanism http://www.slideshare.net/phmosarrof/prese
ntation-on-antibiotics
Sources
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Thank you