Antibiotic use on dairy farms in Israel practices and challenges

Nadav Galon

Hachaklait Israel

Temp Rainfall Population

2

0 - > 40 C 20 – 1,000 mm 8.5 million

Galon Verona 2020

ISRAEL

Dairy farms in Israel - 750 herds

Parameter/herd family Kibbutz

# of farms 306 161

Avg # of cows 122 (47-607) 475 (268-1205)

Milk /cow/yr kg 11,470 12,300

Cull rate % 26 (0-96) 33 (17-49)

SCC x1000 (test d) 237 (126-376( 229 (114-425)

ICBA Herd Book 2018 data

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“Hachaklait” - Clinical Veterinary Services

• Established 1919

• Non-Profitable Organization (NPO)

• Farmers- owners and clients

• Vets- employees

• Annual retainer all-included clinical service

• Drugs & vaccines at operating cost priceGalon Verona 2020 4

Hachaklait- Clinical Veterinary Services

MD

Chief Vet

35 regional vets

8 replacing vets

Epid’ + experts/consultants

~ 600 dairy farms (beef & small rum.)

>100,000 milking cows

Galon Verona 2020 5

AB sales in EU countries 2005-2012

6

NL >50%

Galon Verona 2020

Italy

Sales of veterinary AM for food-producing species mg/PCU/country 2010-2017

Galon Verona 20207

Italy

Ninth ESVAC report- European medicines agency

AMR AMU stakeholders and change-leaders

Antimicrobial Use

Min of Health Practitioners

Pharma companies

Processors

food Industry

Consumer

Media

Farmers

Min of Agric

Vet Services

8 Galon Verona 2020

Hachaklait- comparison drugs use among vetscost/ cow/ year

9

91,4

26,9

53,3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

NIS

/co

w/y

ear

vet

(Galon, Hachaklait-Israel 2008)

Galon Verona 2020

TransparencyBenchmarksAwareness

…Reduction

Hachaklait- Antimicrobials use by vets (gr/cow/year)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

gr

10

B. Sharir CVO Hachaklait 2012

Average

Galon Verona 2020

Effect of herd-size on AM use

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22 gr/cow/year

year

gr

<300 heads

<100 heads

<550 heads

>550 heads

11

B. Sharir CVO Hachaklait 2012

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# of injectable AM Rx /month/ 300 cow herd 1 region 9 herds W. Galillee 2002

12

Galon 5th AAVM conference 2010

0,8

2,2

2,25

2,3

2,35

2,4

2,45

2,5

2,55

2,6

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Log

SCC

Rx/

mo

nth

Herd

Rx/Mo/Herd log SCC R2=0.53

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Usage of Injectable AM- shift of types Hachaklait-Israel

Galon Verona 202013

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2003 2008 2014 2019

CEPH

MACRO

QUIN

NUFLOR

AMOXY

TETRA-C

TMS

GENTA

PEN

PEN-STREP

New

Old

The Farm animal AM Paradox

14

R & D Academia Vet Farmer worker

Level

Galon Verona 2020

Vet / farmer decision-making ratiodairy farm scenarios

Relative rationality

Vet/farmer apply (%)

Vet/farmer decision (%)

disease

high100/0100/0Endometritis

low1/9950/50Mastitis

low5/9530/70BRD Pneumonia

15

Practical solution: treatment protocols by the Vet

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Average SCC of milk bulk tanks 2018

16

ICBA Herd Book 2018

Excellent < 200KA class 201-300B class > 300 K

SCC- monthly test day results (all cows)

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Bacterial isolates from 65,000 milk samples in 2018

Galon Verona 202017

E.coli

Strep. uberis

no growth Staph. non-aureus

Strep. disgalactia

National udder health lab Israel

Non-pathogenic

contamination

others

Passive surveillance:• Mastitis cases• Drying off• Trials • others

Staph. aureus positive dairy farms

Galon Verona 202018

National udder health lab Israel

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2009 2014

2017- 7 farms with MRSA

S. aureus milk isolates sensitivity(> 4,000, disc diffusion, NUHL)

77,3 77,578,9

85

80,2 81

87,6 86,3

91,5

85,5

100 99,3 99,7 99,4 99,5

95,8

99,7 99 98,996,3

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Penicillin Marbofloxacin

Galon Verona 202019

%sensitive

Milking cows IMM tubes/170 Kibbutz dairy herds 2008

20

Median 6Average 25STDEV 4552

76

18

3 3 3 2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 1-45 46-90 91-135 136-180 181-225 > 225

fre

qu

en

cy

IMM/herd/yearGalon 5th AAVM conference 2010

Galon Verona 2020

Hachaklait annual DCT tubes dispense 2016-2019

255059

298564 309166 313637

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

2016 2017 2018 2019

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Dry cost/cow USD 8 vs > USD 2,000 cow cost

Nafpenzal DC Veterinary

Usage of teat Sealants

Year cows Herds # Herds %

2016 1,945 48 <10

2017 1,864 51 <10

2018 3,388 37 <10

2019 3,962 40 <10

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Hachaklait dispense to ~ 600 dairy herds

Consumer-Industry driven changes

23

“Most people consume animal protein,Most consumers don’t trust the producers”

(USA survey)

Galon Verona 2020

Dairy processing plant initiative

• higher farmer milk price based on• Animal welfare

• Environment

• Reduced AMU

• Monitoring

• Prudent use

• SDCT (selective dry cow treatment)

FamilyKibbutzHerd type

smalllargeherd size

3617# farms

119# SDCT

31%53%% SDCT

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DCT 2016-2019 tubes/year

Dairy processing plant incentive for SDCT

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

A E S G N Y L

2016 2017 2018 2019

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tubes

farm

Dairy plant incentive for SDCT effect on herd SCC

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≥3 lactation2nd lactation1st lactationall herdHerd SCC

Last test day

Herd SCC < 250 k

Herd SCC> 250 k

BDCTall quarters

monthly SCCMastitis records

No monthly SCC no Mastitis records

COW test COW

> 200 k SCC last 3 m < 200 k

≥ 1 Clinical mastitis events ≤ 1

positive CMT negative

yes teat end lesions No

positive Culture (Lab/ OFC) negative

Teat sealNo

treatment

HACHAKLAITSDCT

Suggested decision tree

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B= BlanketS= Selective

Innovations

• Management

• IT – information technology

• Alternative therapy

• Change of dogma

Galon Verona 2020 28

Cultivated well ventilated loose barns

29

Udder hygiene score

I C Klaas, Bjarne Bjerg, S. Friedmann, Doron Bar 2010

Barn space per cowMilking 18-22 m2Dry cow 13-15 m2

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Early detection-better information reduce AMU Smartfarm integration center

• Most aspects of a dairy farm management• Production

• Herd management

• Feed management

• Water consumption

• Climate control

• Farm-Processing plant interface

• IoT enabled

• Real-time feedback and information

Feed Mgt.

Milk Production

Sensors

Processing plant

Hardware

finance

31Galon Verona 2020

OFC- On Farm milk bacterial Culture

• For large farms

• Capable workers

• Equipment

• Cheaper, faster

• Less accurate

Galon Verona 2020 32

Mileutis Ltd casein-hydrolyzate (CNH)

Galon Verona 2020 33

MILACLactating cow

IMILACdry cow

• ARO research commercialization• natural peptide• non-GMO AM-free• to dry ¼ in lactation, or udder as DCT• Clinical trials & registration• Market in 2020

ARO

Armenta Ltd

• APT- Acoustic Pulse Therapy of Mastitic cows

• 70% mastitis recovery

• 10% milk increase

• 80% reduced culling

G. Leitner et al 2018

Galon Verona 2020 34

APT-X

Thank You

Summary“Very few things are simple Black and White”

• No single perfect solution

• Can reduce AMU

• Major driving forces• Regulators• Consumers-idustry

• Think out of the box

Galon Verona 2020 35