Antibacterial Properties of Cordyline Fruticosa L.

7/21/2019 Antibacterial Properties of Cordyline Fruticosa L.

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Antibacterial Activity of Cordyline fruticosa L.Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Abordo, Ma. Liciel Q.1, Iglesias, Eloisa Marie C.1

1Department of Biology, College of Science, olytec!nic"ni#ersity of t!e !ilippines

Abstract

Cordyline fruticosa L. which is widely known as Good luck plant or

Tungkod- pare in the Philippines is said to have antibacterial properties.

The purpose of this study is to determine which type of bacteria does the

extracts from the sample were tested through disk diffusion method

against the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative Escherichiacoli with the antibiotic, treptomycin as the control. !esults show

moderate antibacterial effect of the leaf extract against E. coli and massive

antibacterial effect against B. subtilis

sKey words: Cordyline fruticosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli .

Introduction

Cordyline fruticosa L. belongs to the family "sparagaceae, which comprises

more than #$% species distributed to tropical and subtropical regions of the world. &t isknown in the Philippines as 'Tungkod-pare( and 'Good luck plant( )C. fruticosa around

the house was believed to ward off evil spirits and bring good luck*. C. fruticosa is an

evergreen shrub with reddish purple or glossy green leaves. &t is native to outheast

"sia and Papua +ew Guinea. &t is widely used as an ornamental plant but traditionally, it

is used as a treatment of various diseases the leaves are used to treat sore throat and

neck pain, as haemostatic, and to induce abortion the roots are used for toothache,

laryngitis and infections of mammary glands.

e postulate that leaf ethanolic extracts of C. fruticosa will inhibit the growth of

Bacillus subtilis and Eschirichia coli under a room temperature for /$-0# hours.

The purpose of this experiment is to determine if C. fruticosa ethanolic leaf

extract has antibacterial activity on Gram positive B. subtilis and Gram negative E. coli

bacteria and to know which type of bacteria it is more effective to. "lso, this study aims

to contribute to the few studies and researches that has been conducted about

Cordyline fruticosa.



Methodology

Collection of Plant

Cordyline fruticosa leaves were gathered from 1strella 2eights ubdivision in

!odrigue3, !i3al during the month of "ugust 0%/4.

Extraction

5resh leaves were washed with water and wiped with clean tissue to remove

unnecessary materials such as soil and dust. The leaves were cut into tiny pieces and

crushed using a blender. /4%g of crushed leaves were put in a clean container were

soaked in /4%ml of 647 ethanol for 0# hrs. "fter 0# hrs, the mixture underwent

decantation and filtered using hatman filter paper. The li8uid from the mixture was

nearly put to boil and was cooled.

" /%ml ali8uot was diluted to 4%7 v9v.

Preparation of Paper Disk

5or each bacteria, three paper disks were prepared.

terile filter paper disks were taken in a petri dish containing the diluted leaf extract.

"nother sterile filter paper disks were placed in another petri dish which contains the

concentrated leaf extract. The two sets of disks were submerged in their corresponding

solution for a minute. The same procedure was done for preparing antibiotic paper disks

using treptomycin.

Inoculation of the ! agar plate

:sing a sterile cotton swab, get the microorganism from the mother culture andinoculate the agar by streaking the swab with the inoculum. "llow the surface of the

medium to dry for ;-4 minutes but not longer than /4 minutes to allow for absorption of

excess moisture.

Two types of bacteria were used Gram positive )Bacillus subtilis* and Gram

negative )Escherichia coli *.

Place"ent of the filter paper disks

The plates were divided into three 8uadrants 8uadrant one for /%%7 leaf extract,

8uadrant two for 4%7 leaf extract and 8uadrant three for antibiotic.

:sing a forceps, place the paper disks into their designated 8uadrants.

Incubation of the plates

The <2 agar plates with bacteria were incubated at room temperature for 0# hrs.

easuring the #one of inhibition



The 3one of inhibition is a clear region around the paper disk which indicates the

sensitivity of bacteria to a drug. :sing a ruler, the 3one of inhibition was measured in

terms of millimeters while viewing the back of the petri dish.

Results and Discussion

=one of inhibitionB. subtilis E. coli

>uadrant / )/%%7 Leaf

extract*

/4 mm /4 mm

>uadrant 0 )4%7 Leaf

1xtract*

0% mm /4 mm

>uadrant ; )treptomycin* 04 mm ;% mmTable 1. $ntibacterial acti%ity of C. fruticosa ethanolic leaf extract

The antibacterial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of C. fruticosa at differentconcentrations )/%%7 and 4%7%&% * against Gram positive B. subtilis and Gram negative

E. coli )Figure 1 and 2* was presented in able 1. /%%7 Leaf extract showed activity

against B. subtilis )/4mm* and E. coli )/4mm, but the inhibition was not very clear, Fig.

1*. "t 4%7 leaf extract, it showed activity against B. subtilis )0%mm* and E. coli )/4mm,

but the inhibition was not very clear, Fig. 1*. The treptomycin showed activity against

B. subtilis )04mm* and E. coli );%mm*.

1thanolic leaf extracts of ?ordyline fruticosa produced moderate antibacterial

effect on 1. coli. @iameters of the 3ones of inhibition did not change in different

concentration. This means that the concentration does not affect the antibacterial

activity of the leaf extract. The control )treptomycin* antibiotic disk created a clear

Fig.1 Fig. 2 B.



region of inhibition measuring );%mm*. This is because 1. coli is Gram negative

bacteria. The Gram-negative cell wall contains a thinner layer of peptidoglycan

surrounded by an outer membrane and treptomycin crosses the outer cell wall of 1.

coli by passive diffusion until it penetrates the intracellular area of the bacteria.

)a* )b*

Fig. 3 Plates showing the 3one of inhibition using C. fruticosa and treptomycin. !a" E. coli !b"

B. subtilis

5or the test in A. subtilis, ethanolic leaf extract shows massive antibacterialactivity. The extract is more efficient when diluted to 4%7 )0%mm* than when

concentrated )/4mm* while the control antibiotic )treptomycin* disk gives a smaller

inhibition 3one than in 1. coli, measuring 04mm. This is because A. subtilis is a Gram

positive bacteria. Gram positive bacteria contains a thick layer of pepditoglycan in its

cell wall and the thickness of the cell wall inhibits the transport.

#onclusion

Aased on the results, ?ordyline fruticosa ethanolic leaf extract showed

antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. &t is moreeffective to Gram positive bacteria, A. subtilis )as it created larger 3one of inhibition*

than to Gram negative bacteria )1.coli*. 5or further study of this plant, the active

ingredient)s* in the plant should be investigated.

References



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of0streptomycin0on0gram0positi#e0and0gram0negati#e0bacteria

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Antibacterial Properties of Cordyline Fruticosa L.

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