Anthropometric Activities in IBVSandra AlemanySandra Alemanysandra.alemany@ibv.upv.es

Paris, 8th of Julay 2008

Presentation WEAR Core Group

Index

1. Short presentation of the IBV.2. Anthropometric study of the female

population in Spain Experimental designProcedure

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ProcedureResults & ExploitationWork in progress

3. Other anthropometrical studies Anthropometric survey of soldiersAnthropometric survey of fire-fightersAnthropometric survey of the foot shape Helmet and glove fitting maps criteria

Institute of Biomechanics of Valencia

IBV is a Non Profit Association. It was set up in 1976 by the Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV) and the Institute of the Medium and Small Enterprises of Valencia (IMPIVA)

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Enterprises of Valencia (IMPIVA)

It consists of 250 professionals from different academic backgrounds (Engineers, Medical Doctors, Computer Sciences…) that work together in an interdisciplinary approach.

Institute of Biomechanics of Valencia

There are focused in the study of products adapted to the targetUSE and USER. The aim is to increase the wellbeing, comfort,satisfaction and performance.

� MECHANICAL INTERACTION

ActivitiesActivities

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� MECHANICAL INTERACTION

� THERMIC INTERACTION

� COGNITIVE INTERACTION(COMFORT AND EMOTIONAL DESIGN)

Anthropometry Laboratory

• The fitting is one of the main aspects to develop a comfortable a product or environment a high interaction with

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comfortable a product or environment a high interaction with the human body.

• The IBV has an Anthropometric Laboratory with a 3D body scanner (Human Solutions), a 3D head scanner (I-ware), a 3D Foot/hand scanner (I-ware) and a generic 3D handle scanner (Polhemus).

• The IBV is generating anthropometric databases of Spanish populations to advice companies in the product design process to obtain an optimal fitting.

• The IBV set up procedures to assess the subjective fitting (by means of questionnaires) and the objective fitting (using pressure sensors)

• The IBV set up different systems to measure the pressure by means of sensors located in the surface between the human body and the

Mechanical interaction measurementw

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surface between the human body and the product.

• Crossing the information obtained from the pressure signal treatment, the subjective information, the user characteristics and the product specifications, it is possible to generate design criteria to develop ergonomic product.

• The usability and performance of the product is also an important aspect of the product design. It is related to the following aspects:

– The interaction of the product with other environment elements , (e.i, design of fire-fighters garment and their interaction with oxygen bottles, harness, helmet, etc).

Subjective assessment

Usability and performanceUsability and performance

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– Related to the functionality , the number and location of pockets, the closing systems and regulation, and the easiness to dress and undress are also relevant.

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Main areas of activity

� Garment and Footwear .� Furniture.� Workplace Ergonomics.� Automotive.

IBV activity is strategically focused on the market in the following areas:

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� Automotive.� Sport equipment.� Implants and surgical instruments.� Technologies for the disabled people.� Paving and floors.� Tourism and leisure.

Anthropometric study of the female population in Spain

• Nowadays, the Spanish cloth manufacturers are not using a common sizing system: a 40% of the females have problems to find their adequate size.

Starting pointw

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12%

29%

13%

46% Sí siempre

Sí algunas veces

Casi nunca

Nunca

Percentage of females with problems to find their size

Yes, always

Yes, sometimes

Almost never

Never

• The Minister of Health sign a compromise with the main Spanish cloth manufacturers to integrate the results of the study in a term of 18 months:

– Spanish Association of Designers.

Starting pointw

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– INDITEX

– MANGO

– Grupo CORTEFIEL

– El Corte Inglés

– Carrefour

Objectives

• Characterize the dimensions and body shape of the females in Spain to:

– Develop a standard sizing system for the garment industry.– Generate information to develop cloth patterns adapted to

the real users, in order to improve the cloth fitting.

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the real users, in order to improve the cloth fitting.

• Promote a healthy image of beauty with: – Mannequins in catwalks and shop windows similar to the

mean of the population.– Messages to the society of healthy beauty.

Experimental design

• Stratification– 10 groups of age.– 7 geographic areas– Size of the city (3 levels)

Group of age Range

1 12-13

2 14-15

3 16-17

4 18-19

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• Accuracy– The expected level of error is ± 1%

for each group of age in the weight variable (level of confidence 95%).

– For the whole population, the expected level of error is 0.25%.

4 18-19

5 20-24

6 25-29

7 30-39

8 40-49

9 50-59

10 60-70

Experimental design

SPECIFICATIONS 1

2 3

4

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Locations: 61 points of measure selected randomly (59 cities)

Schedule: 5 months (field study + basic statistical analysis)

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Participants

• Random process to select the participants. 8 levels were

done to cover the case with no replay.

• A letter inviting to the participants was sent signed by

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• A letter inviting to the participants was sent signed by

the Minister of Health with a free phone to set the contact.

• The appointments were planned from the ‘call centre’ of

the Ministry of Health.

• The list of appointments were daily sent to each scanner.

• A SMS was sent automatically to each participant the day

before to remember the appointment.

5 people working in this area

Participants

• 18 laboratory technician (physiotherapists,

biologist) to take the measurements (3 in

each scanner)

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each scanner)

• 6 technician to set up the scanner in each

location (aprox. 5-6 movements each week)

• 3 technician to review the data in the IBV

• Coordinating: Technical assistance, the

development of the database (quality control,

security copy, etc) , the flow of users),

controlling the locations of the scanner.35 people working in this area

Pilot study

ObjectivesObjectives

1. Evaluate the procedure to take the meadurements.

2. Evaluate the robutness of the 3D scanner and the requirements of the location (space, temperature, light control, cuttings of energy, etc)

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Results to set up:

• Logistic structure

• Means of communication data transfer

• Design of the cloth to standarize the

measures

• Measurement protocol

3. Flow of users. TARANCÓNMADRID

QUARTELL

Procedure

• Laser scanner (Vitus from Vitronics)• Antroscan software (from Human Solutions)

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Espina de la c7

AcromionBorde inferior de la caja torácica

Espina ilíaca antero

posterior

Procedurew

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EscápulaCresta ilíaca Trocanter

Cóndilo medial de la tibia

STANDARD CLOTH 15 MARKERS

Procedurew

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Only 25% of the

measurements

POSTURES

Procedurew

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2D PROFILE OF THE HAND

SUPRAILIAC

TRICIPITAL

Procedure

SKINFOLDS

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SKINFOLD CALIPERESCAPULAR

• Accuracy: 0.2 mm• Range of measure: 0-48 mm

Procedure

SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC QUESTIONNAIRE

• User characterization– Age– Born city– City of residence

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– City of residence– Born city of the parents

• Aspect related to the health

• Aspects related to the diet• Problems buying cloth

10

12

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9,1

7,4

10,0 10,1

13,8

15,7

12,6

10,4

• Percentage of participation in each group of agepo

pula

tion

Resultsw

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0

2

4

6

8

12 - 13

años

14 - 15

años

16 - 17

años

18 - 19

años

20- 24

años

25 - 29

años

30 - 39

años

40 - 49

años

50 - 59

años

60 - 70

años

4,7

7,46,3

Per

cent

age

of

popu

latio

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Sample: 10.414 planned // 9.159 done

Explotation

• Basic statistical analysis of anthropometric data: mean, percentiles, standard deviation, correlations, graphs,…

• Study of morphotypes.

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• PCA and clustering (1D measures).

• Basic analysis of the sociodemographic questionnaires.

• Correlations anthropometry-sociologic variables.

Explotation (work in progress)

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LAW of 1972• Integrate the basic results in a

interactive web page (defining range of age, geographic region, etc.).

• Data analysis to implement the

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166 - 17098 - 102

90 - 94

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90 - 94

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• Data analysis to implement the standards EN 13402 ( CEN/TC 248/ WG 10: Size designation system of clothing).

• Generate anthropometric profiles, crossing sociodemografic variables with anthropometric data.

Other anthropometry projects

Anthropometric survey of soldiers

NATO standard: STANAG 2177 (Ed2): Methodology for Anthropometric Data

• Body/foot/hand scanner• Markers: 11 markers• Postures: 3 postures

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• Sample size:– Male: 303– Female: 213

• Expected error: – 1,2 mm foot length – (95%confidence)

• Year: 2007Sociodemografic/product questionnaires

Anthropometric survey of the foot shape

• 3D anthropometric database of the Spanish adult population (18-70 years old) .

– Sample size: 442– Expected error: 1.5% (mean for each size group)– Year: 2003

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• 3D anthropometric database of the Spanish children population (1-4 years old).

– Sample size: Female: 394; Male: 434– 6 geographic areas– Expected error: 1.5% (mean for each size group)– Year: 2005

Anthropometric survey of fire-fighters (in progress)

Anthropometric Study• Sample size: 300 male• 11markers• 3 postures

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2

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Objective: Ergonomic design of the Protective Clothing

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• 3 postures• Year: 2008

Sociodemographic and Product questionnaire

• Fitting• Usability• Interaction with other Personal Protective

Equipment, …

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Helmet and glove fitting maps criteria (in progress)

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INSTITUTO DE BIOMECÁNICA DE VALENCIAUniversidad Politécnica de Valencia · Edificio 9CCamino de Vera s/n · E-46022 · Valencia (ESPAÑA)� +34 96 387 91 60 · Fax +34 96 387 91 69ibv@ibv.upv.es · www.ibv.org