Anthraquinone Glycosides - University of BabylonCassia spp - Senna Indigenous to Africa (tropical...
Transcript of Anthraquinone Glycosides - University of BabylonCassia spp - Senna Indigenous to Africa (tropical...
![Page 1: Anthraquinone Glycosides - University of BabylonCassia spp - Senna Indigenous to Africa (tropical regions) Used since 9th th– 10 century Introduced into medicine by Arab physicians](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040511/5e5bb1da2d57e2510404e963/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Anthraquinone Glycosides - University of BabylonCassia spp - Senna Indigenous to Africa (tropical regions) Used since 9th th– 10 century Introduced into medicine by Arab physicians](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040511/5e5bb1da2d57e2510404e963/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Anthraquinone Glycosides
![Page 3: Anthraquinone Glycosides - University of BabylonCassia spp - Senna Indigenous to Africa (tropical regions) Used since 9th th– 10 century Introduced into medicine by Arab physicians](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040511/5e5bb1da2d57e2510404e963/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction to Anthraquinones
Historically: Rhubarb, Senna, Aloes and
Cascara were all used as purgative drugs.
Monocotyledons: Only Liliaceae.
Most commonly C-glycoside: barbaloin.
Dicotyledons: Rubiaceae, Leguminosae,
Polygonaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lythraceae, and
Verbenacacea. Also in certain fungi and lichen.
![Page 4: Anthraquinone Glycosides - University of BabylonCassia spp - Senna Indigenous to Africa (tropical regions) Used since 9th th– 10 century Introduced into medicine by Arab physicians](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040511/5e5bb1da2d57e2510404e963/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Reduced derivatives of anthraquinones
Oxanthrones, anthranols and anthrones
Compounds formed by the union of 2
anthrone molecules
Dianthrones
Aglycones:
Chrysophanol/Chrysophanic acid Rhubarb
and Senna.
Rhein Rhubarb and Senna
Aloe-emodin Rhubarb and Senna
Emodin Rhubarb and Cascara
![Page 5: Anthraquinone Glycosides - University of BabylonCassia spp - Senna Indigenous to Africa (tropical regions) Used since 9th th– 10 century Introduced into medicine by Arab physicians](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040511/5e5bb1da2d57e2510404e963/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Senna - Leguminosae
Definition: Consists
of the dried leaflets of
Cassia senna
(Alexandrian senna),
or Cassia angustifolia
(Tinnevelly senna).
![Page 6: Anthraquinone Glycosides - University of BabylonCassia spp - Senna Indigenous to Africa (tropical regions) Used since 9th th– 10 century Introduced into medicine by Arab physicians](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040511/5e5bb1da2d57e2510404e963/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cassia spp - Senna
Indigenous to Africa
(tropical regions)
Used since 9th – 10th
century
Introduced into
medicine by Arab
physicians (used both
the leaves and pods)
Exported by
Alexandria – name of
the Sudanese drug.
![Page 7: Anthraquinone Glycosides - University of BabylonCassia spp - Senna Indigenous to Africa (tropical regions) Used since 9th th– 10 century Introduced into medicine by Arab physicians](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040511/5e5bb1da2d57e2510404e963/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Senna - Constituents
2 active glycosides: Sennoside A
Sennoside B
Sennoside C & Sennoside D
Rhein
Aloe-emodin
![Page 8: Anthraquinone Glycosides - University of BabylonCassia spp - Senna Indigenous to Africa (tropical regions) Used since 9th th– 10 century Introduced into medicine by Arab physicians](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040511/5e5bb1da2d57e2510404e963/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Senna - Constituents
Kaempferol (yellow
flavanol)
+ glucoside
(kaempferin)
Mucilage
Calcium oxalates
Resin
![Page 9: Anthraquinone Glycosides - University of BabylonCassia spp - Senna Indigenous to Africa (tropical regions) Used since 9th th– 10 century Introduced into medicine by Arab physicians](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040511/5e5bb1da2d57e2510404e963/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Senna Fruit
Definition: Senna pods are the dried, ripe fruits of Cassia senna and Cassia angustifolia, which are commercially known as Alexandrian and Tinnevelly senna pods respectively.
![Page 10: Anthraquinone Glycosides - University of BabylonCassia spp - Senna Indigenous to Africa (tropical regions) Used since 9th th– 10 century Introduced into medicine by Arab physicians](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040511/5e5bb1da2d57e2510404e963/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Senna - Uses
Laxatives (habitual constipation or
occasional use).
![Page 11: Anthraquinone Glycosides - University of BabylonCassia spp - Senna Indigenous to Africa (tropical regions) Used since 9th th– 10 century Introduced into medicine by Arab physicians](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040511/5e5bb1da2d57e2510404e963/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Senna - Additional
Medicinal Actions
Vermifuge, febrifuge
NOTE: Senna may cause urine to become reddish – no clinical significance.
Should not be used with cardiac glycosides.
Note: Over-use causes dependency.
Overdose: nausea, bloody diarrhoea, vomiting and nephritis.