Anthelmintic resistance in beef cattle – what are the ...€¦ · L3 L5 L4 Adult . L1 ....
Transcript of Anthelmintic resistance in beef cattle – what are the ...€¦ · L3 L5 L4 Adult . L1 ....
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Anthelmintic resistance in beef cattle – what are the levels and what can be done
to lessen its impact?
Dr. Orla Keane Teagasc, Grange
Teagasc Beef Conference 30th Oct 2018
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Overview
• Background
• Anthelmintic resistance in Ireland
• Sustainable worm control
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Parasite Calendar
Coccidia
Gut worms
Spring Summer Autumn Winter
Lung worm
Fluke
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L2
L3
L4 L5
Adult
L1 Free-living stage
Parasitic stage
Feeds on microbes in dung
Feeds on microbes in dung
Migrates onto grass. Infective stage
Migrates to site of infection. Develops to adult
Worm lifecycle
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Gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle
Many different species
• Cooperia oncophera
• Ostertagia ostertagi
Cooperia oncophera Ostertagia ostertagi
Small intestine Abomasum
Main contributor to FEC in FGS Type I or Type II disease
Immunity develops quickly Immunity develops slowly
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Anthelmintic drug classes currently available
Class Common name Chemicals First released First resistance reported
Benzimidazole White (1-BZ) Albendazole Fenbendazole Oxfendazole
1961 1964
Levamisole Yellow (2-LV) Levamisole 1970 1979
Macrocyclic lactone
Clear (3-ML) Doramectin Eprinomectin Ivermectin Moxidectin
1981 1988
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Anthelmintic Resistance
Anthelmintic resistance is the ability of a worm to survive a dose that should kill it.
It is a genetically inherited trait
Anthelmintics from different classes (e.g. 1-BZ, 2-LV or 3-ML) have different modes of action but within a class products share the same mode of action - when resistance develops to one product within a class all the products in the same class are often be affected
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Anthelmintic Resistance in Ireland
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Anthelmintics tested
Anthelmintic Number of Farms
Benzimidazole (oral) 17
Levamisole (oral) 12
Ivermectin (injectable) 17
Moxidectin (injectable) 12
24 farms tested in 2017 & 2018 All dairy calf to beef
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Farm location
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Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test • Monitored herd level FEC Farmer submitted 10-15 calf faecal samples fortnightly – pooled
• FEC (sensitivity 5 epg) • Baermann - lungworm
• When herd FEC > 100 epg we visited farm • Per drug tested – selected 20 calves, weighed, marked
• faecal sampled per rectum • Dose to weight of calf
• Determined FEC (sensitivity 5 epg) • Revisited farm and re-sampled the marked calves
• 7 days (2-LV) • 14 days (1-BZ, 3-ML (IV, 3-MOX))
• Determined FEC (sensitivity 5 epg) • Faecal egg count reduction calculated • Resistance when FECR < 95%
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Resistance Results
Anthelmintic Number of Farms Number Resistant Prevalence
Benzimidazole (oral)
17 12 71%
Levamisole (oral)
12 3 25%
Ivermectin (injectable)
17 17 100%
Moxidectin (injectable)
12 9 75%
1-BZ and 3-ML (IV) resistant Cooperia and Ostertagia were detected
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Farm Benzimidazole Levamisole Ivermectin Moxidectin 2 69 80 -228 44 7 63 100 66 87
13 99 79 78 92 16 89 100 51 1 18 98 99 86 98
Reduction Results
Red – resistant Green – susceptible
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Effect of Anthelmintic Resistance on Performance
98% 99% 86% 98%
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Dosing Date - 2017
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Sustainable Worm Control
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Managing gut worms
1. Grazing management
2. Good nutrition
3. Appropriate use of anthelmintics
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Grazing management
Pasture Type Recently grazed by Season
Permanent Calves Autumn
Silage/hay aftergrass Yearlings Summer
Reseeded Adult cows/sheep Spring
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Good nutrition
Worms suppress appetite
Gut damage – reduce nutrient absorptive capacity
Well fed calves are more resilient to worm challenge • sufficient feed
• good quality
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Appropriate use of anthelmintics
• Dose only when necessary
• Use an appropriate product
• Give the correct dose rate
• Administer the product in the right way
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What to do?
Worm Control
Grazing management
Biosecurity
Dose when necessary • Performance • FEC
Administer correctly
Select appropriate
product
Know what works on your farm
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Useful links
Animal Health Ireland – Parasite Control Information Leaflets
http://animalhealthireland.ie/?page_id=405
Control of Worms Sustainably (COWS)
http://www.cattleparasites.org.uk/
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Acknowledgements Teagasc UCD
Anne Kelleher Theo deWaal
Barbara Good
Padraig O’Boyle
Grange farm staff
DAFM James O’Shaughnessy Maresa Sheehan
All the participating farmers
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Cost of Parasite Control
Market for Animal Medicines in Ireland ~€150M per annum
Products for Internal Parasite Control ~€40M per annum
Accurately estimating the cost of worms or anthelmintic resistance is difficult
• worm species present,
• intensity of challenge,
• status of the host (e.g. nutritional and immune status)
• proportion of resistant worms