Anterior Muscles Origin on pelvis or vertebral column – Iliacus – Psoas major.
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Transcript of Anterior Muscles Origin on pelvis or vertebral column – Iliacus – Psoas major.
Anterior Muscles• Origin on pelvis or vertebral
column– Iliacus – Psoas major
Illiopsoas Muscle
• Three muscles:– Illiacus– Psoas major– Psoas minor
• Action– Hip flexion
Iliacus• Origin
– illiac fossa
• Insertion– Lesser trochanter of the femur
Psoas Major and Minor
• Origin– Transverse processes of L1-5
• Insertion– Minor: pectineal line– Major: lesser trochanter
Pectineus Muscle
• Origin– Superior ramus of pubis
• Insertion– pectineal line of femur
• Action– Hip flexion– adduction
Tensor Fasciae Latae Muscle• Origin
– Anterior iliac crest and surface of the ilium
• Insertion– Ilio-tibial band
• Action– Abduction about the hip– Hip flexion
Posterior MusclesGluteal muscles
• Origin on pelvis or sacrum– Gluteus maximus– Gluteus medius– Gluteus minimus
• Lateral rotators– Piriformis– Obturator externus– Obturator internus– Superior and inferior gemellus– Quadratus femoris
Posterior Muscles
عمقی • و میانی سطحی، الیهبزرگ- )• سرینی (Gluteus Maximusعضالت
متوسط- )• سرینی Gluteus mediusعضالتکوچک- )• سرینی Gluteus minimusعضالتترتیب • به ایلیوم خارجی سطح از عضله سه هر
قدامی و خارجی سطح گلوتئال، توبروزینه به . چسبد می ران استخوان بزرگ تروکانتر
MUSCLES THIGH
Muscles of the Anterior Compartment of the Thigh
• Quadriceps femoris– Has four separate heads – Has a common insertion at the quadriceps tendon– Powerful knee extensors
• Rectus femoris• Vastus lateralis• Vastus medialis• Vastus intermedius
– Tensor fasciae latae
Muscles of the Anterior Compartment of the Thigh
SARTORIUS
O: Anterior Superior IliacSpine I: Medial Side of Tibia
Flexes Thigh, & Rotates Thigh Laterally
VASTUS LATERALISExtends Lower Leg
RECTUS FEMORIS
O: Ilium
I: Patella & Tibial Tuberosity
Flexes Thigh, Extends Lower Leg
VASTUS MEDIALISExtends Lower Leg
Figure 11.21a
Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Thigh
• Hamstrings• Biceps femoris• Semitendinosus• Semimembranosus
Muscles of the medial compartment
– Adductor longus– Adductor brevis– Adductor magnus– Pectineus – Gracilis
ADDUCTOR LONGUSAdduct, Rotate & Flex Thigh
Laterally
Anterior and Medial Muscles
This is formed by the inguinal ligament, the sartorius laterally and the adductor longus on the medial side.
MUSCLES of the LEG
Muscles of the Anterior Compartment
• Tibialis anterior• Extensor digitorum longus• Fibularis (peroneus) tertius• Extensor hallucis longus
Figure 11.22a
Muscles of the Posterior Compartment
• Superficial muscles– Triceps surae
• Gastrocnemius• Soleus
– Plantaris
Muscles of the Posterior Compartment
• Deep muscles– Popliteus– Flexor digitorum longus– Flexor hallucis longus– Tibialis posterior
Figure 11.23a
Muscles of the Lateral Compartment
• Fibularis (peroneus) longus
• Fibularis (peroneus) brevis
• Fibularis tertius
Muscles of the Lateral Compartment
Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot• Muscle on the dorsum
of the foot– Extensor digitorum
brevis• Muscles on the sole of
the foot– First layer
• Flexor digitorum brevis• Abductor hallucis• Abductor digiti minimi
Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot
• Second layer– Flexor accessorius– Lumbricals
Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot
• Third layer– Flexor hallucis brevis– Adductor hallucis – Flexor digiti minimi brevis
• Fourth layer– Plantar and dorsal
interossei
ArteriesArteries
Branches of the Ascending Aorta
• Coronary arteries– Supply the heart’s cardiac muscle with oxygen
and nutrients
– Aortic Arch1. Brachiocephalic Trunk
1. Right Common Carotid Artery2. Right Subclavian Artery
2. Left Common Carotid1. Brain2. Neck and head
3. Left Subclavian
Branches of the Aortic Arch• First branch
– Brachiocephalic trunk
– Right common carotid and right subclavian
• Second branch– Left common
carotid• Third branch
– Left subclavian
Right common carotid artery
Right subclavian arteryVertebral artery
Brachiocephalic trunk
Descendingthoracic aorta
Aortic arch
Left subclavianartery
Left commoncarotid artery
Blood Vessels entering or leaving the heart
Ascending aorta )gives off coronary arteries(
Aortic arch
Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
Thoracic (descending) aorta
Abdominal aorta
Common iliac arteries
Ascending aorta )gives off coronary arteries(
Aortic arch
Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
Thoracic (descending) aorta
Abdominal aorta
Common iliac arteries
Ascending aorta )gives off coronary arteries(
Aortic arch
Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
Thoracic (descending) aorta
Abdominal aorta
Common iliac arteries
The Carotid Arteries and Brain Blood Supply
• External carotid arteryExternal carotid artery neck, pharynx, esophagus, larynx, mandible, & face
• Internal carotid arteryInternal carotid artery brain
(IC branches):IC branches):– Ophthalmic arteryOphthalmic artery -eyes;– anterior cerebral arteryanterior cerebral artery -frontal/parietal;– middle cerebralmiddle cerebral -midbrain, lat.cerebrum
• VertebralVertebral> > basilarbasilar>>posterior cerebralposterior cerebral>>posterior posterior communicating arteriescommunicating arteries>>middle cerebralmiddle cerebral>> anterior anterior communicatingcommunicating>>anterior cerebralanterior cerebral
Brachiocephalic trunk
External carotid artery
Vertebral artery
Subclavian artery
• Thyrocervical trunk-neck, shoulder & upper back
• Internal thoracic -pericardium/ant.thoracic wall– Vertebral artery -brain/spinal cord
• Axillary artery -pectoral region/axilla– Brachial artery -upper limb– Radial/ulnar arteries -antebrachium– Superficial/deep palmar archSuperficial/deep palmar arch -palm– Digital arteryDigital artery -thumb/fingers
Subclavian artery
Axillary artery
Brachial artery
Radial artery Ulnar artery
Vertebral artery
• Left and Right Subclavian Arteries– Subclavian becomes
Axillary
Subclavian artery
Axillary artery
Brachial artery
Radial artery Ulnar artery
Vertebral artery
• Axillary Artery– Axillary becomes
Brachial
•Brachial Artery–Radial Artery–Ulnar Artery
Subclavian artery
Axillary artery
Brachial artery
Radial artery Ulnar artery
Vertebral artery
Branches of the Descending Aorta: Arteries of the Abdominal Aorta
• Three major branches (in order from superior to inferior along abdominal aorta)– Celiac trunk– Superior mesenteric artery– Inferior mesenteric artery
Right renal artery
Descending abdominalaorta
Inferior mesenteric artery
Left femoral artery
Left external iliac arteryLeft internal iliac artery
Common iliac artery
Superior mesenteric artery
Left renal artery
Celiac trunk
The Descending AortaThoracic Aorta & BranchesThoracic Aorta & Branches
• Visceral branchesVisceral branches -Bronchial, pericardial, mediastinal, esophageal arteries.
• Parietal branchesParietal branches -Intercostal,superior phrenic.
The Descending AortaAbdominal Aorta & BranchesAbdominal Aorta & Branches
Unpaired arteries : Celiac trunkCeliac trunk
liver, stomach, spleen; Branches: left gastric Splenic common hepatic arteries.
Superior mesentericSuperior mesentericpancreas, small intestine, most of large intestine.
Inferior mesentericInferior mesentericterminal colon & rectum
Abdominal Aorta & Branches (cont’d)
Paired arteries:Inferior phrenicInferior phrenic SuprarenalSuprarenal RenalRenal GonadalGonadalLumbarLumbar
Arteries of the Pelvis & Lower Limbs
• Right/Left Common IliacsRight/Left Common Iliacs– Internal IliacInternal Iliac -urinary bladder, int.,ext. walls of
pelvis, genitalia– External IliacExternal Iliac -lower limbs
Blood supply of the pelvisa) The internal iliac (hypogastric) artery: • Arises from the common iliac artery opposite the sacroiliac joint • Descends under cover of peritoneum into the true pelvis for about 4cm before
dividing into anterior and posterior divisions • The posterior division:
– Has three parietal branches: – Iliolumbar– lateral sacral – superior gluteal
• The anterior division has three parietal branches – obturator artery– inferior gluteal artery – internal pudendal artery) which supply the pariets of the anterolateral quadrant of the
pelvic wall, the buttock and perineum – It has four visceral branches which are:
1) Umbilical artery 2) Uterine artery3) Vaginal artery 4) Middle rectal artery
View of iliac and femoral arteries
Arteries of Thigh & Leg
• Femoral Femoral – Deep femoralDeep femoral– PoplitealPopliteal
• Post. TibialPost. Tibial– PeronealPeroneal
• Ant. tibial Ant. tibial
Major Systemic Arteries
• Ant. Ant. Tibial Artery– Dorsalis pedisDorsalis pedis
• Posterior Tibial Artery– Fibular (peroneal)
Artery• Medial, Lateral plantarMedial, Lateral plantar
Systemic Veins
Brachium venous return-
• Digital veinsDigital veins• Superficial/deep palmarSuperficial/deep palmar• Palmar venous archesPalmar venous arches• CephalicCephalic• Median antebrachialMedian antebrachial• Basilic Basilic • Median cubital (cephalic, Median cubital (cephalic,
basilic)basilic)• Axillary (basilic, brachial) Axillary (basilic, brachial)
Systemic Veins
SVC formation• SubclaviansSubclavians• Brachiocephalics(vertBrachiocephalics(vert
ebrals,ext/int ebrals,ext/int jugulars)jugulars)
• Azygos(hemiazygos)-Azygos(hemiazygos)-chief blood collectors chief blood collectors of thorax of thorax
Systemic VeinsTributaries of the IVCTributaries of the IVC
Pelvic limb venous drainage• Plantar/dorsal venous Plantar/dorsal venous
archarch• Anterior/ posterior tibialAnterior/ posterior tibial• PeronealPeroneal• PoplitealPopliteal• FemoralFemoral• Great/small saphenousGreat/small saphenous• External iliac External iliac
Hepatic Portal System
Tributaries• Inferior mesentericInferior mesenteric• SplenicSplenic• Superior MesentericSuperior Mesenteric
** Hepatic portal vein formed by fusion of superior Hepatic portal vein formed by fusion of superior mesenteric and splenicmesenteric and splenic
Vascular system within the liver
Systemic Venous System
Venous System of the Trunk and Upper Limb