ANTACID

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Name: MD. Zahirul IslamRoll:333

Batch:12th Department of pharmacy

World University of BangladeshPresentation

ofAntacid

An Antacid is any substance, generally a base or basic salt, which neutralizes stomach acidity. They are used to relieve acid indigestion, upset stomach, sour stomach, and heartburn

Antacid

Antacid Compounds

Antacids are weak bases that are used to neutralize excess stomach acid

Most antacids are weak inorganic basesCommon examples include

CaCO3NaHCO3Al(OH)3Mg(OH)2MgO and Mg(OH)2 (Milk of Magnesia)

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Reaction of Antacid

Antacids react with HCl in the stomachSome common antacid reactions include:

CaCO3 + 2 HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + H2O + CO2

Al(OH)3 + 3 HCl AlCl3 + 3 H2O Mg(OH)2 + 2 HCl MgCl2 + 2 H2O MgO + 2 HCl MgCl2 + H2O

Antacids perform a neutralization reaction, i.e. they buffer gastric acid, raising the pH to reduce acidity in the stomach. When gastric hydrochloric acid reaches the nerves in the gastrointestinal mucosa, they signal pain to the central nervous system. This happens when these nerves are exposed, as in peptic ulcers. The gastric acid may also reach ulcers in the esophagus or the duodenum.

ACTION MECHANISM

Causes Of Excessive Release Of Acids In The Stomach

Alcohol Consumption. Eating Certain Foods. Smoking. Certain Drugs i.e. Aspirin. Stress.

Requirement TO Form The Antacid

Burettes, pipettes, titration flasks, measuring flasks, beakers, weight box, fractional weights, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, hydrochloric acid, phenolphthalein.

Antacid are Available As Requirement

Capsules.Tablets.Powder.Chewable Tablet.Suspension.

1. Alka-Seltzer – NaHCO3 and/or KHCO3

2. Equate – Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2

3. Gaviscon – Al(OH)3

4. Maalox (liquid) – Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2

5. Maalox (tablet) – CaCO3

6. Milk of Magnesia – Mg(OH)2

7. Pepto-Bismol – HOC6H4COO8. Pepto-Bismol Children’s – CaCO3

9. Rolaids – CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2

10. Tums – CaCO3

11. Mylanta

SOME FAMOUS ANTACID BRANDS

Some drugs used as antacids are :1. Aluminium hydroxide 2. Magnesium hydroxide3. Calcium carbonate4. Sodium bicarbonate5. Bismuth subsalicylate6. Histamine 7. Cimetidine

DRUG NAMES

1.ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE2.MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE3.CALCIUM CARBONATE 4.SODIUM BICARBONATE5.BISMUTH SUBSALICYLATE

SOME IMPORTANT COMMONLY USED ANTACIDS

Uses of Antacid

It bring down the percentage of Acidity in our Stomach and prevent mucus lining in the stomach.

It prevent from HEART BURN (acid from stomach rising into esophagus) that can to our stomach lining.

It also prevent from the ULCER(damage to lining of stomach wall, resulting in loss of tissues and inflammation).

Side Effect Of Antacid

Magnesium Compounds may cause diarrheaAluminum Compounds may cause constipation and they

also may interfere with the adsorption of phosphates in the formation of bones. This is more likely to be true if they are taken for an extended period of time

Carbonates may generate carbon dioxide leading to bloating and flatulence.

Calcium compounds containing may also increase calcium output in the urine, which might be associated with kidney stones.

Sodium : Increased intake of sodium may be deleterious for arterial hypertension, heart failure and many renal diseases.

Who Cannot Take Antacid

Patient with kidney failure or heart burn diseases Sodium Bicarbonate has high Sodium content and is not appropriate for people who are on salt restricted diet or have congestive heart failure high blood pressure or kidney problem .In pregnant if a lady is pregnant Antacid are Safetous for heart burn symptoms but do not use Antacid.

Indications when we take Antacid

When heart burn is there then we take Antacid to reduce the heartburn.

Treatment with antacids alone is symptomatic and only justified for minor symptoms.

The utility of many combinations of antacids is not clear, although the combination of magnesium and aluminium salts may prevent alteration of bowel habits.

A typical feeling of restlessness. Indigestion. Feeling of nausea (wanting to throw up) and actual vomiting.

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