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Answers:MakingSpatialDecisionsUsingArcGISPro:AWorkbook

Inthisanswerguide,theauthorshaveprovidedsampleanswerstomanyofthe

quantitativequestionsposedinthebook;theanswerscanvaryby1percentto2percent.The

authorshaveprovidedimagestoillustratesomeanswers,aswellasguidanceforacoupleof

thedeliverables.

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Module1

Hazardousemergencydecisions

Project1:AnexplosivesituationinSpringfield,Virginia

Q2Whatisthespatialcoordinatesystemoftheproject,andisitanappropriatecoordinatesystemformeasurements?

NAD_1983_StatePlane_Virginia_North_FIPS_4501_Feet.

Deliverable3:Anonlinewebmapshowingcriticalfacilities,trafficpatterns,anddrivetimesSpringfieldHazardsEvacuation

http://arcg.is/2len7c4

Project2:SkirtingthespillinMecklenburgCounty,NorthCarolina

Q2Whatisthespatialcoordinatesystemoftheproject?NAD_1983_UTM_Zone17N

Q3Howmuchofthenearbyareamustbeevacuated?Ithasbeendeterminedthat15,626householdsmustbeevacuated.

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Deliverable3:Anonlinewebmapshowingcriticalfacilities,trafficpatterns,anddrivetimes

ChlorineSpillMecklenburg,NorthCarolinahttp://arcg.is/2letjk9

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Module2

Hurricanedamagedecisions

Project1:CoastalfloodingfromHurricaneKatrina

Q5Whatisthesumofthecounts?1,295,380

Q6Completethistable.Type of Land Percentage Acres

Water 9.4% 27,198.7

Developed 15.3% 44,299.7

Barren 1.4% 4,031.1

Forest 11.8% 34,249.0

Agriculture 6.8% 19,691.5

Wetlands 55.1% 158,718.5

HurricaneKatrinaDamagehttp://arcg.is/2kEF0Ca

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Project2:HurricaneWilmastormsurge

Q5Completethistableonyourworksheet.Type of Land Percentage Acres

Water 9.0% 313.8

Developed 69.9% 2,410.0

Barren 2.5% 85.8

Scrub/Grass 7.2% 253.3

Wetlands 12.5% 436.4

KeyWestdamage,HurricaneWilmahttp://arcg.is/2lnuAUx

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Module3

Lawenforcementdecisions

Project1:Crimeinthenation’scapital

Q4Writeareportaboutthedistributionofcrimebypolicedistrictandbythethree-minutedrivetimearoundthepolicestations.Describeboththespatialdistributionandspatialstatisticsinyourreport.

TheFirst,Third,andSecondDistrictshavethehighestpercentageofcrime,with17

percent,16percent,and15percent,respectively.TheFourthandFifthDistrictsareinthe

middle,eachwith14percent,andtheSixthandSeventhDistrictsarethelowest,with12

percentand10percent,respectively.

Q8Usethehexagonmaptolookforlocalvariationsofhigh-riskautotheft.Includethisinformationinyourreport.

ThegriddedmapshowsthatautotheftismostprevalentintheThirdDistrict.

Washington,DC,crimeanalysishttp://arcg.is/2lnwzs3

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Project2:AnalyzingcrimeinSanDiego,California

Q4Continueyourreporttothepolicedepartmentbyanalyzingwhichtransitstationshavethemostcrimereported.

Thewalk-timeareasontheloopontherailnearthewaterhavethemostcrime.The

distributionofthecrimeisconcentric,slowlyincreasingoutwardfrommotorvehicletheftto

assaulttoburglary.

Q5Incorporatethepatternofdistributionofthesethreecrimes(assault,burglary,andmotorvehicletheft)inyourreport.

ThegriddedmapshowsadefiniteconcentrationofautotheftinthecenterofSan

Diego.

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Module4

Compositeimages

Project1:CreatingmultispectralimageryoftheChesapeakeBay

Q5Writeacomparisonoftheindividualobjectsthatcanbeseenusinghigh-resolutionimageryandthelowerresolutionLandsat.Includepossibleusagesofimagerywithdifferentresolutions. Buildings,highways,andwaterbodiescanbeidentifiedusingLandsatbecauseofthe

limited(30meter)spatialresolution.Whenyouusehigh-resolutionimagery,trees,cars,and

othersmallerobjectscanbeidentified.

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Project2:MultispectralcompositebandsoftheLasVegasarea

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Module5

CalculatingunsupervisedclassificationoftheChesapeakeBayUnsupervisedclassification

Q7DescribethedifferencebetweentheoriginalReclassedandthepost-processedReclassdmf2bc.Discusstheprosandconsofpost-processing.

Post-processingprovidesa“cleaner”classification,andtherearefewernonclassified

pixels.Contiguouspatternsareeasiertodiscern.However,post-processinginvolveschanging

thevaluesofsomepixels,andthatintroducesthepossibilityoferror.

Watershed Water Developed Forest Crop/Pasture

Potomac 5.9% 29% 32.1% 33.1%

Patuxent 5.8% 13.9% 28.7% 22/5%

Severn 8.5% 8.5% 24.2% 14.5%

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Project2:CalculatingunsupervisedclassificationofLasVegas,NevadaWatershed Evergreen Developed Shrub/Scrub Barren

Las Vegas Wash 10.1% 4.8% 7.5% 77.6%

Detrital Wash 7.9% 0% 16.9% 75.2%

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Module6

Supervisedclassification

Project1:CalculatingsupervisedclassificationoftheChesapeakeBay

Q5.Fillinthetablewiththepercentageofeachtypeoflandcoverinthethreewatersheds.Watershed Water Developed Forest Crop/Pasture

Potomac 3.3% 37.8% 28.3% 30.6%

Patuxent 4.5% 17.7% 40.3% 37.8%

Severn 4.5% 31.2% 44.15% 20/1%

Q6.Enterthevaluesinthefollowingchart.Youmustretrievethedatafrommodule5fortheunsupervisedclassificationvalues.

Watershed Water

Unsup

Water

Sup

Developed

Unsup

Developed

Sup

Forest

Unsup

Forest

Sup

Crop/Pasture

Unsup

Crop/Pasture

Sup

Potomac 11.6% 3.3% 24.9% 37.8% 46.9% 28.3% 16.6% 30.6%

Patuxent 16.2% 4.5% 34.7% 17.7% 65.3% 40.3% 23.2% 37.8%

Severn 20.8% 4.5% 13.9% 31.2% 55% 44.1% 10.2% 20.1%

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Project2:CalculatingsupervisedclassificationofLasVegas,Nevada

Q5Completethistable.Watershed Evergreen Developed Shrub/Scrub Barren

Las Vegas Wash 11.6% 20.1% 23.3% 45%

Detrital Wash 11.2% 15.2% 15% 58.65%

Q6Enterthevaluesinthefollowingchart.Youmustretrievetheunsupervisedvaluesfrommodule5.

Watershed Evergreen

Unsup

Evergreen

Sup

Developed

Unsup

Developed

Sup

Shrub/Scrub

Unsup

Shrub/Scrub

Sup

Barren

Unsup

Barren

Sup

Las Vegas Wash

10.1% 11.6% 4.8% 20.1% 7.5% 23.3% 77.6% 45%

Detrital Wash

7.9% 11.2% 0% 15.2% 16.9% 15% 75.2% 58.6%

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Module7

Basiclidarskills

Project1:BasiclidarskillsusingBaltimore,Maryland,data

Q3Whatistherangeofelevation?Therangeofelevationis−288.87to416.86feet.

Q6Writeabriefparagraphaboutthedata,includingthenumberofpoints,verticalunit,spatialreference,classificationcodes,andreturnvalues.

Thereare3,566,042pointswithaverticalunitoffeet.ThespatialreferenceisNAD1983

StatePlaneMarylandFIPS1900Feet.TheclassificationcodesareClass1–Unassigned,Class2–

Ground,Class7–Noise,Class12–Overlap,andClass18–Outliers.Thereturnvaluesarefirst

throughfifthreturn.

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Project2:SanFrancisco,California

Q3Whatistherangeofelevation?Therangeofelevationis35.28to263.98meters.

Q6Writeabriefparagraphdescribingthedata,includingthenumberofpoints,theverticalunit,thespatialreference,classificationcodes,andreturnvalues.

Thereare4,290,588pointswithaverticalunitofmeters.ThespatialreferenceisNAD

1983UTMZone10N.TheclassificationcodesareClass1–Unassigned,Class2–Ground,Class7–

Noise,Class9–Water,andClass10–Reserved.Thereturnsarefirstthroughfourthreturn.

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Module8

Locationofsolarpanels

Project1:JamesMadisonUniversity,Harrisonburg,Virginia

Q3Whichareaswouldbethebestforinstallingsolarpanels?Theredareas?Theblueareas?

Theredareaswouldbethebestplacetoinstallthesolarpanels.

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Project2:UniversityofSanFrancisco,SanFrancisco,California

Q3Judgingbythesolarinsolationdisplay,whichareaswouldreceivethemaximuminsolationforsolarpanelplacement?

Theredareaswouldreceivethemaximuminsolationforthesolarpanelplacement.

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Module9

Forestvegetationheight

Project1:GeorgeWashingtonNationalForest,Virginia

Q3Whatisthetown'slocationrelativetoGWNF?Whatistotheeast?Tothesouth?ThetownofHarrisonburgistotheeast,andStauntonistothesouth.

Q5WhatistheunitforElevation,andwhatarethelowestandhighestelevationsrepresentedintheDEM?

ThehighestelevationoftheDEMis3,226.92feet,andthelowestelevationis1,569.55

feet.

Q7WhatistheunitforElevation,andwhatarethelowestandhighestelevationsrepresentedintheDSM?

ThehighestelevationoftheDSMis3,226feet,andthelowestelevationis1,622feet.

Q8Whatarethelowestandhighestvaluesintheheightraster?Thelowestelevationintheheightrasteris−6feet,andthehighestis1,270feet.

Q9Howmanycellshaveavalueofover196feet?Therearesixcellswithavalueofover196feet.

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Q10Howmanycellshaveavalueoflessthan0?Thereare836cellswithavalueoflessthan0.

Project2:MichauxStateForest,Pennsylvania

Q3InwhatrangeofmountainsistheLASdataframelocated?TheLASdataisinthePineyMountains.

Q5Whatarethelowestandhighestvaluesintheheightraster?Thelowestelevationis6feet,andthehighestis1,260feet.

Q6Howmanycellshaveavalueofover196feet?

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Threecellshaveavalueofover196ft.

Q7Howmanycellshaveavalueoflessthan0?Thereare11,455cellswithavalueoflessthan0.

Q8Describethedistributionofthecellsthatarelessthan0.Thecellslessthan0seemtoberandom.