8/8/2019 Ans 1 CAP 214

1/10

FUNDAMENTS OF WEB

PROGRAMMINGCAP 209

ASSIGNMENT# 1

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED

BY:

Mr. Rajeev Kanday Rupesh Rimal

Reg: 10904918

Sec: RD 3901, G2

Roll: B 36

8/8/2019 Ans 1 CAP 214

2/10

PART A

ANS 1

Various components of a Search Engine are as

follows:

A. Content component: Your web page text

B. Link component: How you link your pages together

C. Link Popularity component: The in-bound links to your site

1.The Content Component (Web Page Text)

The most important part of the content component (of a search engine

algorithm) is keyword selection and where you place keywords on your web

pages. In order for your target audience to find your site on the search

engines, your web pages must contain keyword phrases that match the

phrases your target audience is typing into search queries. Finding these

keywords that your target audience uses to find your product is

accomplished by conducting keyword research.

2.The Link Component (Internal Linking)

The strategy of placing keyword-rich text on your web pages is useless if the

search engine spiders have no way of finding that text. The way your web

pages are linked to each other has huge impact on your site's search engine

positioning. Be sure to link your pages together with your keywords within

your links.

3.The Link Popularity Component (Acquiring In-

Bound Links)

The Link Popularity component of a search engine algorithm analyzes how

many web sites link to your website. 95% of the battle of getting high

8/8/2019 Ans 1 CAP 214

3/10

rankings at the search engine is acquiring quality and relevant links pointing

to your web site.

Ever since Google has entered in the race of the search engine market, all

the major Search Engines have started using links as the primary way they

rank web sites. This is known as web site's "Link Popularity" or in Google'scase it's called "PageRank".

For example, the heart of Google's algorithm is PageRank, a system for

ranking web pages developed by Google founders Larry Page and Sergey

Brin at Stanford University. "PageRank relies on the uniquely democratic

nature of the web by using its vast link structure as an indicator of an

individual page's value. In essence, Google interprets a link from page A to

page B as a vote, by page A, for page B. But, Google looks at more than the

sheer volume of votes, or links a page receives; it also analyzes the page

that casts the vote.

Steps Needed To Be Followed To Get Good Search

Results:

1. We should identify the important concepts of our search.2.Then we should choose the keywords that describe these concepts of the

search.

3. We should determine whether there are synonyms, related terms, orother variations of the keywords that should be included or not.

4. We should determine which search features may apply, includingtruncation, proximity operators, and Boolean operators.

5. We should choose a good search engine.6. We should read the search instructions on the search engine's home

page.7. We should look for sections entitled Help, Advanced Search and

Frequently Asked Questions.8. We should create a search expression, using syntax, which is appropriate

for the search engine.

9. Evaluation of the results must be done.10. If the results arent relevant to the given query then modify the search

if needed.11. Then go back to steps 2-4 and revise the query to make much more

efficient.12. The same steps are to be followed for any of the search engine

available.

8/8/2019 Ans 1 CAP 214

4/10

ANS 2Purposes of FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

FTP is an Application layer protocol used to send and receive files thru

TCP/IP.

FTP is built on client-server architecture and utilizes separate control and

data connections between the client and server applications, which solve

the problem of different end host configurations.

FTP is also a standard network protocol used to copy a file from one hostto another over a TCP/IP-based network, such as the Internet.

FTP is used with user-based password authentication or with anonymous

user access.

FTP VS TELNETFTP (File Transfer Protocol) TELNET

8/8/2019 Ans 1 CAP 214

5/10

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a

communication protocol between

two computers for the purpose of

uploading and downloading,

deleting files.

Telnet gives us command line access to

a remote computer. While we can

transfer files via telnet, its main

differences is you can execute

commands to more advanced things

like starting/restarting services and

such.

FTP is a protocol used specifically

for transferring files to a remote

location

Telnet allows a user to issue commands

remotely

FTP can be used with a command

line, a dedicated application and

even with most web browsers.

Telnet is restricted to the command line

There are ways to use FTP in a

secure environment.

Telnet will always be unsecured when

used.

FTP is a well-known and reliable

method of uploading files to web

servers

Telnet is now commonly used in

diagnosing network services.

ANS 3

WWW (World Wide Web)

The World Wide Web shortened as WWW is commonly known as the Web, is

a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed thru the Internet.

With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images,

videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them by using

hyperlinks.

Facilities provide by WWW are as follows:-

World Wide Web (WWW) is capable of displaying basic style sheets,

downloading and opening any file type supported by the NeXT system

8/8/2019 Ans 1 CAP 214

6/10

(PostScript, movies and sounds), browsing newsgroups, and

spellchecking.

Worldwide Web was able to use different protocols: FTP, HTTP, NNTP, and

local file.

Worldwide Webs navigation panel contained Next and Previous

buttons that would automatically navigate to the next or previous link on

the last page visited, similar to Opera's Rewind and Fast Forward buttons;

i.e., if one navigated to a page from a table of links, the Previous button

would cause the browser to load the previous page linked in the table

which is useful for web pages which contained lists of links.

8/8/2019 Ans 1 CAP 214

7/10

PART B

ANS 4

MIME

MIME stands for Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions which helps the e-mail

protocols to permit the users to transfer any kind of image, sound, and

program as attachment in email across the World Wide Web. It is because of

MIME only that we can send the audios, videos and software programs toother users through email attachments as it is the format of non-text email

attachments.

MIME used to extend the format of email

Non-text attachments such as images, videos, audios and other multi-

media messages.

Ability to send multiple objects within a single message.

Character sets other than US-ASCII

Writing header information in non-ASCII character sets

Text with unlimited length

8/8/2019 Ans 1 CAP 214

8/10

ANS 5

Browsers use plugins because:

It helps to enable third-party developers to create capabilities which

extend an application

It helps to support easily adding new features.

It helps to reduce the size of an application.

It helps to separate source code from an application because of

incompatible software licenses.

8/8/2019 Ans 1 CAP 214

9/10

COOKIES VS PLUGINS

COOKIES PLUGINS

A cookie is a small text file that a

Web server creates and stores on

our computers hard drive

Plug-in is a set of software

components that adds specific

capabilities to a larger software

application.

Many Web sites use cookies to

make their sites easier to

navigate.

It is integrated browser software that

the browser uses to display or play a

specific file that we request.

A cookie is not a program and it

can only store information that

we provide to the Web site that

creates it

Plugins does their work inside the

browser. When we install a Web

browser, many popular plugins are

often installed with it.

Navigator stores cookies in a file

named cookies.txt on the users

hard drive.

Plugins are stored inside browsers.

ANS 6

Yes it is possible to messages to the USENET thru email. Usenet is a set of

protocols for generating, storing and retrieving news "articles" which

8/8/2019 Ans 1 CAP 214

10/10

resemble Internet mail messages and for exchanging them among a

readership which is potentially widely distributed.

These protocols most commonly use a flooding algorithm which propagates

copies throughout a network of participating servers.

Whenever a message reaches a server, that server forwards the message to

all its network neighbours that haven't yet seen the article. Only one copy of

a message is stored per server, and each server makes it available on

demand to the (typically local) readers able to access that server.

The collection of Usenet servers has thus a certain peer-to-peer character in

that they share resources by exchanging them, the granularity of exchange

however is on a different scale than a modern peer-to-peer system and this

characteristic excludes the actual users of the system who connect to the

news servers with a typical client-server application, much like an emailreader.

Usenet has support for automated removal of a posting from the whole

network by creating a cancel message in cases where unsuitable content has

been posted, although due to a lack of authentication and resultant abuse,

this capability is frequently disabled.