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Ashok Basnet 062/DCT/407Ashok Basnet 062/DCT/407Bishnu Parajulli 062/DCT/410Bishnu Parajulli 062/DCT/410Ishwor Pd.Rijal 062/DCT/416 Ishwor Pd.Rijal 062/DCT/416 Kabindra Kaji Bajrachraya 062/DCT/419Kabindra Kaji Bajrachraya 062/DCT/419Kiran Karki 062/DCT/420Kiran Karki 062/DCT/420Krishna Bdr Shrestha 062/DCT/421Krishna Bdr Shrestha 062/DCT/421Mohan Pandey 062/DCT/422Mohan Pandey 062/DCT/422Ramhari Regmi 062/DCT/430Ramhari Regmi 062/DCT/430
Raju Pandey&
Pravin shakya
Introduction
Objectives1. To be familiar with image processing technique for detection of
Number plate area.2. To be familiar with OCR.3. To be familiar with MATLAB software.4. To interface hardware using parallel port of the computer.5. To develop a line tracking robot which can move in a guided
track and detect the closed door.6. To be familiar with Microcontroller and related components for
building automatic robot.7. To know assembly level programming language and
implement it in ALR.8. To develop a security system.
(SIMPLY INTRODUCTION)1.MAT LAB
2. OCR (Optical Capturing Recognizer)
3. PARALLEL PORT
4. ALGORITHM: Convert Image into Binary Detecting Number Plate Area
5. REQUIREMENT: Software Hardware
6. SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM: ALR (Automatic Line –Tracking Robert) Image Processing Parallel Port Data Control
7. DESIGN: DFD (Data Flow Diagram)(0,1) ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram)
8. AUTOMATIC LINE-TRACKING ROBORT
9. SYSTEM
10. ESTIMATED COST
11. DISCUSSION SND CONCLUSION
Introduction Massive integration of information technologies into all aspects of modern life caused Massive integration of information technologies into all aspects of modern life caused
demand for processing vehicles as conceptual resources in information systems. Because a demand for processing vehicles as conceptual resources in information systems. Because a standalone information system without any data has no sense, there was also a need to standalone information system without any data has no sense, there was also a need to transform information about vehicles between the reality and information systems. This can transform information about vehicles between the reality and information systems. This can be achieved by a human agent, or by special intelligent equipment which is be able to be achieved by a human agent, or by special intelligent equipment which is be able to recognize vehicles by their number plates in a real environment and reflect it into conceptual recognize vehicles by their number plates in a real environment and reflect it into conceptual resources. Because of this, various recognition techniques have been developed and resources. Because of this, various recognition techniques have been developed and number plate recognition systems are today used in various traffic and security applications, number plate recognition systems are today used in various traffic and security applications, such as parking, access and border control, or tracking of stolen cars.such as parking, access and border control, or tracking of stolen cars.
In entrance gate, number plates are used to identify the vehicles. When a vehicle enters an In entrance gate, number plates are used to identify the vehicles. When a vehicle enters an input gate, number plate is automatically recognized and stored in database and black-listed input gate, number plate is automatically recognized and stored in database and black-listed number is not given permission. When a vehicle later exits the place through the gate, number is not given permission. When a vehicle later exits the place through the gate, number plate is recognized again and paired with the first-one stored in the database and it is number plate is recognized again and paired with the first-one stored in the database and it is taken a count. Automatic number plate recognition systems can be used in access control. taken a count. Automatic number plate recognition systems can be used in access control. For example, this technology is used in many companies to grant access only to vehicles of For example, this technology is used in many companies to grant access only to vehicles of authorized personnel.authorized personnel.
In some countries, ANPR systems installed on country borders automatically detect and In some countries, ANPR systems installed on country borders automatically detect and monitor border crossings. Each vehicle can be registered in a central database and monitor border crossings. Each vehicle can be registered in a central database and compared to a black list of stolen vehicles. In traffic control, vehicles can be directed to compared to a black list of stolen vehicles. In traffic control, vehicles can be directed to different lanes for a better congestion control in busy urban communications during the rush different lanes for a better congestion control in busy urban communications during the rush hours.hours.
Automatic Line Tracking Robot (ALR) is used in this project as a vehicle which contains Automatic Line Tracking Robot (ALR) is used in this project as a vehicle which contains circuitry for moving in a guided track. It will have mechanism to detect the opened and closed circuitry for moving in a guided track. It will have mechanism to detect the opened and closed door. It also will have capacity to park in the given parking area.door. It also will have capacity to park in the given parking area.
Requirements
Software requirementSoftware requirement Hardware requirementHardware requirement
MATLAB R2008a
Windows xp
PC
Webcam
Automatic line tracking robot Webcam Driver
System Block Diagram
ALR[as vehicle]
System Block Diagram
Web camera
Image Processing
Capturing
Conditioning
Detection
Segmentation
Identification
Save
Template
Door Control Parallel Port
System
Design
Design
1.DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
Level O DFD (context diagram)Level 1 DFD
2 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM
AutomaticNo.plate
recognition system
vehicle
Database Computer
Level 0 DFD
Either permission for entrance or rejection order
Vehicle no. & other info
Level 0 DFD
Level 1 DFD
vehicle
2.0
Collection of info about
vehicle
Arrival information
file
Information related with vehicle
Arrival information
Computer
5.0
Open door either to enter
or exit
1.0Enrolment of
Vehicle
3.0Produces either
restriction or allow to enter
4.0
Produce summary report
Database
Vehicle registration request
Vehicle records Vehicle Record
file
Vehicle information
Vehicle records Vehicle records
List ofvehicle
Summaryreport
Vehicle records
Permission to enter or leave
Level 1 DFD
Entity Relationship Diagram
Extracts_info
Vehicle_no.
vehicle
Vehicle_brand Owner_address
Camera
Camera_no
Resolution size
Computer
Serves_info
computer_name
IP address
Vehicle_colorBrand
capacity
memory
Processor speed
storage
Door controller Serves instruction
Monitors
Controller_no
size
capacity
Image Processing and Matlab
Matlab Matlab is an abbreviation of Matrix Laboratory. It is a popular Mathematical Programming Environment
used extensively in Education as well as in Industry. The trick behind Matlab is that everything is represented
in the form of arrays or matrices. Mathematical Operations starting from simple algebra to
complex calculus may be conveniently carried out using this environment.
The main use of Matlab in Software Development is Algorithm Design and Development.
Code developed in Matlab can be converted into C, C++ or Visual C++.
Additionally Matlab may be called as ActiveX Object from still higher level languages like Visual Basic, etc.
Image Processing Image Processing generally involves extraction
of useful information from an image. This useful information may be the dimensions
of an engineering component, size of diagnosed tumor, or even a 3D view of an unborn baby.
The main areas of application of Image Processing are Bio-Medical, Engineering, Quality Control, Face Detection , Traffic Control etc.
Image Processing (contd.)
Source Image Formatting
Observed ImageConditioning
Conditioned ImageLabeling
Grouping
Extracting
Matching
Templates
Labeled Image
Grouped Image
Extracted ImageTarget Image
Image Processing in Matlab
Images can be conveniently represented as matrices in Matlab. One can open an image as a matrix using imread command. The matrix may simply be m x n form or it may be 3 dimensional
array or it may be an indexed matrix, depending upon image type. The image processing may be done simply by matrix calculation or
matrix manipulation. Image may be displayed with imshow command. Changes image may then be saved with imwrite command.
Algorithms
System Algorithm
1. Input image from webcam.2. Convert image into binary.3. Detect number plate area.4. Segmentation.5. Number identification.6. Save to file in given format
Algo: Input Image1. Capture image from webcam.2. Store the captured image into a image file for further
processing.
Algo: Convert Image into Binary
1.Identify the intensity of the image. If image intensity = high Reduce intensity Else if intensity = low
Increase intensity Else
No change.
2.Convert image into grayscale.3.Calculate appropriate threshold value for the image.4.Convert the image into binary image using the calculated threshold.
Algo: Detecting Number plate area
1.Fill small holes including numbers of Number plate so that number plate area will be large to isolate from figure.
2.Determine width and height of the image.3.Scan each pixel of line counting number of white pixels in the following
system,If number of ‘white’ pixels < x; pixels become ‘black’
Else; no change If number of ‘white’ pixels > y; pixels become ‘black’
Else; no change The value of x and y may be changed according the image intensity and plate
area.
4. Use the step no. 3 for both horizontal and vertical direction.5.Check number of possible areas.6. Logically AND with binary image obtained at “Convert image into binary
algorithm.
7.Crop the required area.
Algo: Segmentation
1. Filter the noise level present in the image.2. Clip the plate area in such a way that only numbers of plate
area extracted.3. Separate each character from the plate.
1. Create the template file from the stored template images.2. Resize image obtained from segmentation to the size of
template.3. Compare each character with the templates.4. Store the best matched character.
Algo: Number Identification
Algo: Save to file in given format
1. Open a text file in write mode.2. Store the character obtained from the number identification
process to text file in given format.3. Close the file.
Parallel Port Interfacing
Parallel Port
Parallel communication requires as much wires as the no. of bits in a word for its transmission.
Parallel port is generally a 25 pin female connector with which a printer is usually attached.
Pin Configuration of Parallel Port
Pin AssignmentPin No Signal name Direction Register - bit
Inverted
1 nStrobe Out Control-0 Yes
2 Data0 In/Out Data-0 No
3 Data1 In/Out Data-1 No
4 Data2 In/Out Data-2 No
5 Data3 In/Out Data-3 No
6 Data4 In/Out Data-4 No
7 Data5 In/Out Data-5 No
8 Data6 In/Out Data-6 No
9 Data7 In/Out Data-7 No
10 nAck In Status-6 No
11 Busy In Status-7 Yes
12 Paper-Out In Status-5 No
13 Select In Status-4 No
14 Linefeed Out Control-1 Yes
15 nError In Status-3 No
16 nInitialize Out Control-2 No
17 nSelect-Printer Out Control-3 Yes
18-25 Ground - - -
Interfacing System using Parallel Port
Computer Instruction
For Door
Control
Computer Parallel
Port
Inverting Buffer
(CD4049)
Darlington Pair IC
(ULN2003)
H- bridgeDPDT Relay
Door Mechanism
Automatic Line Tracking
Robot(ALR)
Line Tracking Robot
Input from
Sensor
Comparator(LM324)
AT89s52 Micro-
controller
Inverting Buffer IC (CD4049)
Darlington Pair IC
(ULN2003)Relay
Motors
Limitations
Limitations
Recognizes only specified font (Times New Roman) number plate only.
Can’t clearly recognize or distinguish character like B and 8, 2 and Z , 0 and O etc.
The distance of image captured is also limited. Lighting Conditions greatly effect the image processing.
Cost Estimation
Effort Cost= Rs.150000 Software requirements=Rs.2500 Hardware Requirements=Rs.6000 Internet Surfing= Rs.2000 Reference materials bought=Rs.5000 Transportation Cost=Rs.1000 Communication Cost=Rs.1000
Total cost = Rs. 1,67,500/-
Conclusion Conclusion and and DiscussionDiscussion
To our project Supervisor Mr. Raju To our project Supervisor Mr. Raju Pandey & Mr.Pravin ShakyaPandey & Mr.Pravin Shakya
The Department of Computer and The Department of Computer and ElectronicsElectronics
All the Supporting Teachers in our All the Supporting Teachers in our ProjectProject