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INTERNATIONAL COMMUNISM

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L'ONSULTATION

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The foacroving oonsult*tion with Yaroelav Stetako, iorroer Ukrainittg- .'Prime Minister, was held ct 2:10 p. m. in room 228, Oid HouseOffini

Wristangton, D. C., pursuant to the authorisatics of - thyOanntittee. oilki llULAmerixiin Activities, CottiposedA et—

wuires. rworsimik, esikifise*.;'" j, • •r • • „,111011tGAN ,WOOLDZIL, 3L1461 DEINAILD ICSAINItY, Nay Tot •OLYD1 00774„ weal& ,. DONALD L. IACIDION, Oatimia11DRIN IMAJIL-Lxdslows 4 OORDON Ottis .

. IVILJAAM AL /VOX. vindwo :* • aoszar J. lidEtiltT044„ .10411ewe • .fitaff members presen

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by name, residence, and occupation? . _ . .. .. • .- ,i,- • ,

. ..Mr. Srurizo. I am Yarns/yr &tisk°, preanntly41914114- mAluntak .■ ', .',. ... -; ', ., -

GtMliTvitan-rx. My name is Walter Duahnya41!kbat .‘W't.Avenni1;; ,- .• i ..-i .•;- . *..-.'' '' - :'• •-,,. -Brooklyn, N. Y. I am a writer.and journalist: . •• • •dilinni) -; - .' . • -...' • '*-• "-

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Mr. BILINSKY. My name ia Ignatius Bilmk ;r: • •phis City, 5018 Nprth 11411 .8szeet; and I holdithe • ••• • •ot pr.ga `.i, •-i v..,.(1,..„4-..-4.;;;;:;,: . 4,;:.;:t.i.....:i$:.

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. Mr. Au/4. - Mr. Dushhyek and Mr. allos'fk, you -01116111114en • an

thrsoughly cosi'remant with both ,the Pkraimin and ' the Wish

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WATEIONT OP TAZOOLLP ST111110. EON-

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MONO SECTION_

Mr. ARIN13. Mr. 8tetsko, you obeer-ved • few. momenta ago thatmost of the people in Ukraine are against the Commilnist regiLia.May I pose this rather simple and naive question: Why, then, if thisIi a fact, do the Communists meintain power?

Mr. Immure. First, the Communist regime in Ukraine is a" 'AV,.,,.;. „lona of Russian imperislism, and all power in Ukraine is miin 1 •

-•• ..• . # by the Russian occupation forces, especially the M -VD, which ruled —**•i<i • by terror and which is an instrument of the central Russian Gorerts,

• mint in Moscow...In no countrv behind the Iron Curtain' was there a Communist

revolution made by the peoples themselves, but slwsys the revolutionwas brought by Russian bayonets as in Ukraine, Bulgaria, Polan4,Turkestan, Hungary, and other countries. If there would . he no

• gremlin troops and Russian pressure in these countries, the peoplr*Mad never vote for a Communist governtnent.

Mr. Amiss. Where is the hope of the forces of freedciiii to conquerIIIe-rising tide of communism?,..,.:,•• Mr. Sierrreo. The only hope to overcome this Communist tidais

•• -, .... . a unified front of both the enalsived peoples and the tree world.,,.. •■ We contend that there is no unificatxm of these forces; and while the

enidaved ...pies are fighting for the restoration of their rights ashuman . • .. • , the free world is' not doing a bit. Only with simul-tapeous national revolutions in the countries behind there:in Curtain

'and with the support of the free world can communion be overoome. and eventually defeated from withiu.

Only after the defeat of Russian imperialism, disintegration of the• - Russian Empire, and the restoration of netional independence of the -, . enslaved nsunso, Can we have durable peace and security at the-world. .

Mr. Asmara What effect on the enslaved peoples b&Md the•Inin .. Curtain do the international conferences have, in which the leadow5f t•- the tree world and the leaders of the Kremlin sit down to negotiate? -

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. Mr, SeerrIxo. The eife•et is totally negative because it deunorshies •

" these people, is they see in those conferencese approval by lb*, . West of their eeslarement.

I believe very firmly that the principal goal of Huoiin jatrott,.• .. poiley conducted by Khzushobev Ito obtain the approval and

of the political /status quo, which le highly in favor of Russia now.The Russians themselves cannot maintain the statue quo at pretexit

•.:1..el.-!•, inswanuch es the liberation forces are undermining their empire; there-. -, ,... . • fors, they want to preserve their domination with the tesistence of

'' ..7r Abe hie world.-.• I ,f,:i ;Berme ties nationsi liberetiou movements are still very strong,. es?""v 4 , ..-..., • ' . peaveoution, and the hope still persists that the West event-

bei.T ... ,'••.- :. "- • • usJJy might help, the ROINg•1111 by driving the free world toward the. • • •... , . "summit" meeting are trying to quell that last hope ...thit these en-' '• • ' slaved people entertain.

Mr. Ames. If, se you pay, ale that the Russians and the Kremlin• want now I the status quo, what do we an is free people in the United

•d'•• :1 , States have to fear? •.. • 4 , -,. Mr. Srerrsse,. MY answerio this is that the Rtailara Will never be•:1" . ,it. • • ,' ...4"...1:, content with the status quo perroanently. The status quo for them

• steiPing stone for furtherher conquests of the free areas of the

• - ‘ "t'. -- -".. • When we leek on the paitical map, it will show that in IWO ihepolitical frontiers of the U. 8.8. R. were very much smaller than theylox `,

, were in um§ orate today in li1188. In a few years they will be Ood

•Immo where, because Russia will always strive to expand; that is her

-Mr. Atiniite, It is suezested, Mr. Stetzko, in some quarters that . •

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13 ZYMONO SECTION

Mr. Amg en Do you believe that the Western Powers in any wayocetributed to the growth of Russian imperialism?

Mr. &TIM°. Regrettably, the Western Powers have always beento provide Rusina with respites and support,. often motivated

their own political interests or by Russian promises of support ofsame.

But the peoples and the lands which Russia acquired with the se-quiescence and assistance of the Western Powers in the last 20 yearsfor eheer rise surpass everything Russia conquered previously. Todigest these conquests in abort order and with mortal conruis

iions

quite mpoesible, unless the Western World, and the United States inparticular, willingly allows such digestion to take place by acceptingb. Russian offer of "peaceful coexistence."

The more Russia grabs of foreign lands, the more her internal situa-tion becomes complex and difficult; the front of the enslaved nations .is widened and the pressure of the Russian imperialist enter must, ofnecessity, thin out. The limber of the dornmating Russian pro'does not inorease proportionately with that of the non-Russiaswho are added to the new empire; therefore, their bold upon

nations cannot be so stronger before. Eighty to ninety=Lad cannot dominate as efficiently the Russian Conimunist em:•.•pire of 1968 as they could dominate that of 1939, their proved methodsof mane terror, deportation, and genocide notwithstanding. The

stele& of the Communist Quislings of the eaudaved nations rests onthe blades of the Ruasian bayonets. In consequence, without theWet'. sasistnnos, Russia would be unable to maintain her vastlyoverexterided colonial and slave empire. . .

We thus find Russia resorting to all sorts of international blackmail, : •crating dangerous and explosive situations or presenting the world _'•with a policy of accomplished facts. We wat4ah her creating the Oh-eon of a peace-losing nation, while she cask". tactical inaneuversalinedat the psychological diem:lament , of the West. However,her primary goel, conquest of the world, remains unchanged(

By withdrawing the Berlin Blockade in 1948, Moecowgained more 1 •than one advantage. Pint, by blockading Berlin, Russia foeced thelatestion of the world upon the German capital, while at the samtime she proceeded unhampered to complete the conquest of China.Furthermore, she was able to creates widespread illueion'that theWt accepted only- too readily: "Russia doe not wants war, Resist •le willing to compromise." Eventually, we were presen*1 with as .

"Korean compromise," and then with the "Vietnameeecomp•mme,' "•which, in fact, illustrated a classic Bolshevik tactics devised by Lenin'!Vine KO backward in order to march two steps forward.", •

Aearia. Mr. Stetako, wby is Communist Runes exerting each.• powerful drive for a "summit" meeting at this timet • • *-

Mr...Syresito. The powerful current Soviet Restan -diive for •new Aummit" conferevee is but another deceitful maneuver ofMoscow. The Russian tyrants hsve amassed a varletf Of topicswhich they want discussed at the new 'summit" confereace: dis-&nutmeat, control of thermonuclear weapon., and "pearedul co-

. existence," all Of which are being presented as an alternative to,a1l-oqt war. Yet the overall purpose of these maneuvers ill only $09

•• ibern..'te force the United State and th.p . entire fres world - tqreoonlsi the political status quo of the Rumen looting - and theRussian- iiolonial empire in its present-day boundaries, and to own-Promise the United States in the eyes of the enslaved nations as.eog'uitnintor and supporter of the validity of the present Russian .•

"•■*4)eznmunist empire. lo . so doing, the United, State end the free.*Mid would become synonymous with the Riedan inaliiress, aridtlie good name of the United States as a defender of the freedom of

• 'individuals and the independence of nations would be • thing of the

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14 ZYMONO SECTION

The key problem of world poiltice today is that of the enslaved .-nations, especially those kept in Russian captivity. As • matter offact, world politica revolve around them, and for them the struggleever goes on.

East Germsay belongs to this category of the enslaved nation, asdoes North Korea and Nbrth Vietnam. There is no doubt that theliberation of East Germany or North Korea and North Vietnenreculdbe effectuated only with the disintegration of the Rassian Empire,which is the last remaining great empire in the world. • Also liberatedwould be Ukraine, Turkestan, Bye/amnia, Georgia, Azerbaijen, Are*mews, Lithuania

-called

Latvia, FAtonia, and the other non-Russian nationsenslaved in the U. S. S. R. not to mention the LiberatioSnt more .recent requisitions, the so-called satellites—Poland, B • Hun-gary, Slovakia, Bohemia, and the others. One can hardly esneeive ,

f -7- &:- ._--- of any local liberation, effected through some evolutionaty method,- -_-- -

P o . '" • : , . ("meBowing out pra,

xes ). . You cannot stop .Rusna bailey: either

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you destroy the Soviet Russian empire, or it will conquer ybti and theactin world. There is no hope for, or possibility of, achieving • vie-

•,..et er;,e j tory over the Soviet Russia, without the liborstion of the enslavedstations dominated and enslaved by Moscow.

... : • -..1 This is well known to the Russian Communist(lesdetwepartieuhul' y.-4 • . .4-.3

to Khrushcher, who on every possible occasion armies thitt theU. S. S. R. wilt not discuss the problem of Eastern Eurife at any"summit" meeting that might be called in the future. :. I repeat, \

. - ••

Moscow i--.. no other purpose in cabling a new "summit" meetingthan that of obtaining an sesurance, a pledge from the United Statesand the free world at large, that the status quo is inviolable, and thatin the event of national revohitions behind the lion Curtain—such asthe Berlin uprising, the Poznan rebellion, the Hungarian revolution,or the Ukrainian revolts in the Soviet Russian concentration camp--the United States will observe a strict neutrality and "will not inter-fere in the domestic affairs" of the U. S. S. R.

.:' at all in] ' . 'Me that the Rusaian_ tmets might be Aram-,:.new " : Allianee" of the Grail? Powers,' who would.;

Ire ""e*phdge vas to a common action against the enslaved nations ..:.•-••"14:•.̀..:-?-,•'. • . ,

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and their national liberation revolution& Cerinly ilirnsietheivfiell I.- rem

ungarembianers

revolution of Kossuth in 1848. • -haw the Czarist Russian armies . ped to:jytkpeelles ,ths

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• 6 .. " • " Thus the major moves of Soviet Russian fore* peaky in digitated-1 • .- ..;.. - . .. by two prineipekponeielerztions:'I '.I - me- . .,-4,4ir• ..ee,••• 1. The prinsure and imminent opposition miaowed. ' iii the no-. . ,

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.... • '!**•••-•- ,.. • ' ,, faecal liberstion move:Denis of the enslaved nations;r.

. • ' "*".t.' ' -. '''-itvi ' . -: - .:"- • . 2. The ever-increasing of the deinise and thilitery -11.i.„%tttew.,::-.1.., i. 0 -:stp.:*..i.,,...... 1. .1r , •

sew of the free under the leadenhip of the United. -..! '•,- i, . A''' ' '. 'P • Iiiinein would score • major victory if President Alembower and

3':4 ". &quieter Macmillan agree to sit at - the same table with Klini-

•••

., .....N. •mid ?dikoyau, the international murderers and genocidista.• ; ‘,.. faith in the truth would assuredly suffer &mortal blow not

" - ' -,...‘; 3t • . only' the part of the enslaved nations but ultimately on the part ofC.

, .•.2, , ! :'-,' the whole free world

.e,. ;:,,;A:, e:i t•e- ..• •: •"i • In his own time Lenin urged the Bolsheviks to employ every possible1. '•!!

:i.' ''.; .. Oink in order lir dnaen the -"capitalist world,' ineluding hold* of1. :71 :ei. : ' • its conferences and diplomatic parleys as possible. Thew would

xi. ..4 . :•. . , - 'Mfrs, n advised, to confuse the Western diplomats and the... - make them lees resistant to the Russian preasuree. .4.

• 1 ' a 'e ........:' ` Mr. Ansel'. Mr. Stets, in your Op61.1011 does the fear of a tiler-? monuclear usejostify • new "summit" conference?

Mr. Syrrzae. One of the phenomena capitalized upon by theRussians is the horror of thermonuclear war. . This vision of future

•war, the Russian know, has already created vertiable panic sanong• . :IC , • the Western nations, • condition which meet them forward to the- • Russian trap. The fear of atomic war is so great that many in the

,.I West are inclined to forget the whole infamous record of Ruisian4

• * irescheries and blackmail, broken promises, and shattered diplomatic

"the On the other hand, if the "summit" conference could sot materialise. J ; 'because of a Western refusal to accept the Russian terms, speeifleall$.r ., refusal to accept as final the enslavement of the,nations in the satellite

1j,-ii4r4, . countries and in the U. S. S. R. itself, this would oonstitute a tremen-ti V ....- 4)

, dous victory for the West. Such • refusal cannot but etrengthen.the• ' resistance movements behind the Iron Curtain and so 'mild run, '.-1 ..., - direcitly counter to Kruchshev's plan of consolidating ths Russiani Communist emLire sail now exists. -. ..-- . And yet the West not only ie in possession'of the Superior themes.

'nuclear weapons, but it has something the Bizantina can neva. destoy:. .*:priosiess freedom. •;

If the counterattack of the West would be4irectii it die 'Winningof the sympathies and loyalties of the enslaied nations, rather thanthat of the murderers of the Kremlin, the remit of the cold ear sunk! hequite different and to be sure, advantageous for the West TheRussians, we.tind from history, understand only one language, the

of threat and force.• • *InIrrePover, were the Western 'leaders possessed of more courage,. they would openly declare &another "summit" conference does

&es that in the event of an atomic war, they will direct it spinet the- Russian state proper, and not against the non-Rusaian nations., both

in the U. & 8., R. ;ind in the satellite countries. Soda deer endtunnistakable language would have an incalculable affeCt non the

. 441%-:-• enslaved mum tresi--aine, the Caucasus, gungary, POlancl,Jrmrims-

-,„tan, Bulgaria, Rumania, Lithuania, Byelorussia,:Slovaltia, and others..4.4g*.- We must not forget that in our struggle against Russia ws shouldI/ .!..,';',....j,-.. • not only think in terms of technical superiority but we should also trt,st a: ..... .., pusfly positively, to diminish the human potential and the reservoir..,( ..:.-4 1-. - of the raiz Ruman-controlled armies by attempting to win them ever

-: • • . to our cause. At present there is no possible doubt that, bean the- t -" 4*:: :1.' ■4'. . • viewpoin t of manpower:, the Soviet Union with Red eftim and

setellitsa is supaice to the West; hence the course of thapoliticalpeo-pram of the West is obvious. in 1941, it is to be rtaed, 'some 2 tol•nillion sokfiers deserted from the Soviet armies and went over to-.1,:. 4 tt

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' the Germans voluntarily, hoping that by doing so they were helping• to tight their op rs, the RUilikti Comminusta, for the liberation

.,-. .'.c. \ ! ' of their mislaycotnitaies. •,.. .Also, the Western Power*, especially the Unitscl States, in their

•• ' *.:511policy of liberstkin" tend to hnut their prono .... • ' ,cute to the'satellite countries complex exchisively, thus leav.iner first vietinza04 Refilin oommimisan, the enslaved natictas mV. & 1)., R.,

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.eutSide the sphere of their interest

•. i.

C A. to •

• Mr. Amass. From what tion, Mr. SCetzko, AO' uld the. West• eou

albe

sbat the Russian Communist totalitarianism, if you think that a• '41/4y•ti"," • • '• • new "inmmit" meeting is detrimental? ;

Mr. Srrrsao. Our Itntth

e against Russian Cotaiii4tolsili-'.tarianisra can waged onl y in the name -of eternal and " at

• 'values, truth and freedom pitted spinet the enelavernent, persecu-tion, and the totalitarian domination of Moscow. Cesinnunisin 'is

I gni faith of evil, and a dynamic movement of the Dalai which,nausttie opposed not merely by technical- we/worts, but try mbral valuerand human digaity ea well.

,

The Western World—at least, some of its leading powers—haverelinquished their colonial possessions and given way to the eniancips-tion of the once colonial peoples. The only remaininesinpire in theworld today is the Russian Communist empire.

The U. S. S. R. as the basic empire of Moscow is a powerf.— -- ul threattoday simply because it dominates vastly extended areas, which itexploits for the purpose of continued aggrandisement and expansion.This threat would be removed in the moment the Russian Empire

seemedto e3ist as such. Moreover, s.11 the enslaved nations, oncliliberated from the Russian Communist yoke, would not only depriveRussia of powerful economic and human resources, but would begreat contributing factors toward a stable peace and security in theworld. None of these nations would be in a pesition to manufacturethe atomic weapons, inasmuch as they would be expending all their'Wort. in building up their own welfare and prosperity, rather thanjr, marking foreign conquests and domination, as does Russia today.

Any other approach. would surely lead to appeasement, as bestexemplified by the English phihisophztr, Bertrand Russell, who saidthe other day that he would rather accept Communist slavery than

:resist it, inasmuch as the latter course might touch off,an atomic war.The "summit" conference, we think, is • political Matter. But

there are other imponderables in the developedent of politicarrientsthat have an equally important significance, perhaps even greater .them the stock ing of A- and H-bombs. In the preseert game theworst possible thing that could happen is to loge one's moral position.This is well known to perfidious Russia; and therefore she deceitfullyjOgike with 'web phrases as "integral liberty, , ' "social jottice," and"independence of nations," alihough all who as* faeni14■01 Russia'shistory know all this to be theer nonsense) But the systematicrepetition of tbese alogru-ui leaves an imprint ton people's mind f andundermines the opposition to Russia, especially in the so-Called neutralnations on this side of the Iron Curtain. It is immoral to condoneany crime; it is also immoral to enslave the

C

eion-Rarian nations. inthe U. S. S. R.: Ukraine, Byelorussia, Georgia, Turkestan,, the Co.-

ass& lands, Northern aucasus, Armenia, 'and otherv. Yet theWestern World seems to be inclined to forget these nations and theirenslavement by Russia, so long as the Russian Communist leaders

•stop rattling their atomic or nuclear sabers. Only those with invul--tireable moral positions can expect. to win in this struggle for survival;-no balfwannessures or compromises can bring an equitable and justsolution to world problems.• Therefore, the "summit r.' cenference and its agenda,. whiob is sup-posed to deal with the problems of the global Struggle liStween oppoe-

•ing forces, should be viewed not only in its, political and military• @specs., but in the light of moral and ideologjcal principles as well.

It has ei direct relation-to the fate of the enslaved nations, the acknowl-edged ally of the free world in the struggle against Russia. Theprisoner in prison • wants freedom more than he .want. bread. The

'enslaved and oppressed man is more sensitive to injustice and slaverythan the freeman. And those who themselves suffered are likelYto find a better way of reaching the minds of those who are oppressednow. There is no force in the world more dynamic than the yearningof people for freedom and independence. People will Lordly die forbread or for isome material luxuries, y_et they are willing _to sacrificewrgeTthine for their freedom. The West has a glorious onityio dynamically propagate the day of general freedom and liberationthat is to come to all nations lend people.

:1

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.1 •

Ma7 SUN

-The Geneva summit conference 3 veare ago was a devastatingblew to the sndaved nations behind the Iron Curtain, because theKremlin, recognising its superior propsqnda potential, trapped theWog into recuizing the status quo. The Russian tyrants, Tara-dicker and Bulganin, attained a diplomatic victory when they succeed.,ed in convincing President Eiseribowei to withdraw his proposal, whichbad been inserted in the agenda, dealing with the problem of the en-

of the satellite countries. Then followed • reeognition oeithe part of the West of the "sincere desire" of the Kremlin leaders for

1=ictr emenin the world. And yet thew same

and Bulganian, were the right-hand henchmen of Stalinand security *

in his brutal program of genoside and destruction of entire people..Tertheraote , we must not forget, that without a common front with

the enslaved nations, the free world can never achieve • victory overbolshevism. Russia is doing everything possible to wedge !wart thesetwo freedom-loving force.. The ideal, of freedom and national inde-pendence are stronger than the atomic bomb. They constitute theswat disruptive farce which, with the all-out support of the free world,eon sucoessfully abetter the Russian prison of nations from within. •

There facta should not be underestimated by the free wnrld.hag the Korean war, in which the powerful United States and thesatire United Nations participated, there were 'no internal revolutionbehind the Iron Curtain, because the enslaved nations had lost can-&Isom in and hope for any assistance from the West: On the otherhead, after the death of Stalin and the liquidation of Bet* • sere. * ofstrikes and uprisings erupted in °oilmen-1.6m camps, creating a veryamoducive atmosphere for a general revolution. It is on undeniabletact that the enslaved nations are beginning to rely more and more ontheir own strewth rather than on assistance from the West. The

=I fear prevails that • new "summit" cooference may widen thisbetween the enslaved nations and the West, which has already

lest a great deal of its original prestige through the bungling of theHamonan uprising in the fall of 1956.

Mr. Aunts. Prom your expression it would appear that the psycho-logical warfare of the West is ineffective. Would you he waling togoesisent on it. shortcomings?• Mr. SIIITZKO, The much heralded psychological wads:* effort ofthe Wan and the general lack of any planning of Weetern propagandabroadcasting areas evident that one can scarcely talk serinuay of anyWestern

= the W re„cdoini at the wee table with e. Russian leaders, recall theEfieboiryPr=s-that no country has ever gained Cnything by

. •

-Ribbentrop Pact, the conferences of Yalta and Potsdam, the11)aseintli-o4d coexistence of Chiang Kai-shek with Mao Tee-tung, andIn en. Any attempt to appeeae Russia necoesarily evokes defeationla the eyes of -the free vuiid and demoralises the honest people every-whoa who cannot conceive of decent dipinmats n ting with tineNot urdereis. One ;cannot neglect the principles inis- th

pine larlsurriral, inasmuch se no conference can, ever solveOluitiereate conflict with Russia.

Amnia. Mr. Swink°, we would appreciate your views onand disarmament from the viewpoint of the Ruoian psyleho-

warfare.' STirrsto; . 0ne of the primary goals of Russian foreign policy.dissointittn Of the NATO military and defensive alliance and the

removal of United States troops and base. from Europe and North- Africa All goes el Russian machinations are being enipkyed toward

them purpoee, such as the proposal for the creation of"neuttligrals= "deraili " zones, all of which tend to reader West-ern gurogie defenseless The Ronan' hope to achieve thir objectiveat the stunrait" conference.

t, •

*4•4''S:

7. •

•

18 'MrMO. SECTIONThe disarmament talks can surel y lead to no positive result, if the

cause of armament is not removed. Otherwise disarmament talksserve only as propaganda channels for the Russians, whereby they imake deep impressions upon the "neutral" and noncommitted nationswhich see in the Russian proposals a "genuine" approach toward

The present status , quo must undergo a thorough change, if the'achieving world peace.

nuclear armament race is to stop. As long as it remains unchanged, thearmament race must go on, since otherwise the free world would beconquered eventually by Communist Russia. Armament is alsonecessary to help in the liberation of the enslaved nations from Russiandomination; the enslavement of these nations by Russia is inniesurure due to the faulty and incredibly irrational policy oil;rttreWestern nations. * I

Although the Western nations entertain no aggressive designs )and are arming themselves for the purpose of their own.defease, and donot support the liberation movements of the enslaved nations, as wasso amply demonstrated in the case of the fluarian revolution, Russiais arming for purely aggressive purposes and is organising her fifthalolwains the world over for:the "day. As long as a free West cants,Russia cannot but press for its destruction, simpl y because the idealsof freedom menace the Russian despotic empire. Russia issconfrontedwith • harsh set of alternatives: either the entire world will be free orit will be conquered by her. Thus all the conferences and the diplo-matic bargaining with the West serve only to confuse the world, so ;-as to make it easier for Moscow to conquer it.

The road to ditarmametit does not 'mit hrough conferences, butthrough liberation. Disarmament will never bring liberation. On thecontrary, it will enable Russia to conquer the entire world. The'superiority of Russia in conventional armaments makes the discussionas thermonuclear armaments useless, inasmuch as Ruses cookl neverbe trusted in the Matter of the strict control of atomic disarmament orits limitation. Strict control will always be impossible for the RussianEmpire, since it is based on • totalitarian and despotic s ystem whichprecludes the possibility of such • voluntary control. the inherentnature of Russian totalitarian tyranny does not accept, and cannotaccept, any control by an international body. Hermetically sealedisolation and the abstfice fpf any (-entrel are the essential elements ofthe Russian despotic system, which could not be dernocratiud, assuch • procasalrotild ;nein suicide. This most elementary factor inRussian behaviors totally' ignored by the West; without an under-standing of this element, e can hardly begin to grasp the essencelan4nand meaning of bolshev . ,

Russiatoday is govern by Communists, who are the heir, of theCuriae regime. Communism is not an internatitsnal nsovementyginclo usurped 44 power In Russia and in other countries; cominunqbin represent alew phJoeophy adopted by Russians which, in everyvital respect, is for Russian imperialism more successful, intellectuallystronger, and more creative than ideas of Csardom (Orthodoxy, Pan-Stevan) etc.) wrefirere. Bolshevism, which is • erntbeais of Russian.imperdisn use eontrnunism, upires to world conquest, in which en-deavor it is suisported by f the Russian people, a fact which is corro-borated by. tliebulas Berdysev, an outstanding Russian philosplier.In his boolt, The Na Middle Ages, Berdyaev wrote on the subject ofbolshevisin: .

Boishevthis reason

iss isit

aIWO

rtad and subversive realisation of the Russian Idea, sadfor

Bolahrvirss le In keeping with the mentality of the Ran nation; it is merely ' 1en camellias at the spiritual cliaunkso of this ustaon, of IL tpostuy of faith, lie 4,*.neneeua aimed, and Its extreme classorslization- Bolshevik are oompietdY

Lisping vrith Russian nihilism.

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2ZYMONO SECTION

Because both America and Great Britain realize that they cannot hope to rivaiRussian fighting manpower, they have decided to make good their deecieney InIt by relying on what they call tactical nuclear weapons; in other words, leespowerrful nuclear weapons than atomic and hydrogen bombs, which they eastrategical nuclear weapons; This LA to tackle the problem the wrong way round.The correct solution is not to Increase weapon power, but to reduoe Russiansuperiority in manpower, and so indirectly increase Western manpower. Thiscan be done by subverting the Russian fighting forces, which are l argely recruitedfrom the subjugated peoples within the U. 8. 8. R. and the sat ellite countries.Be it remembered that during the Brat few months of Hitler's Invasion of SovietUnion is 1041 wrli over 2 mithon prisoners were claimed by the Germans. ThisIs an unbelievable figure until It is realised that the vest majority_Of them menwere deserters—Ukrainians, ,Byekrusslans, Cossacks, Georgians, Turicsatatdass,and other subjugated peoples.. The policy of liberation would not only not provoke en skittle—warfare, but it is an argument of the most explosive funte, of withRamis is always afraid. When in the summer of llkitthe RtisailanCotnmuniat leaders found out that Hitler refused to reoogolie .a newly_established Ukrainian national government on June 30, 141, in DOTWestern Ukraine, they were elated. They then waited to see whatwould happen whey Hitler took Kiev, the ancient ct,tar and centerof Ukrainian history and culture. When in 'Kiev Hi „ideorepeatedhish insane policy of suppressing Ukrainian • ' nu 'fris treedortiand independence, the Russians were all butoertain that :4e Germanshad lost the war. It was not Stalingre-d that was tholtreve3rard ofHitler's ambition of dominating all Europe, says a Gan= general,but Hitler's incredible policy in Ukraine, and the factIliat in ,Kiev,instead orthe blue-and-yellow Ukrainian national colors;-‘1,ttNiuishoisted their swastika..,..... - 5 I

A similar situation exiats today, despite the fact Utak pro-,piL�bry

vides instructive lessons bow not to handle the Russian eni. . .Mr. Assam Do you see, Mr. Stetsko, any alteruativatO steak

.warfare?Mr. Sewrsio. The national liberation revolutions behitlii-ibe'Yron

Curtain are the only alternative to an atomic war. Ilt th free worldis afraid of an atomic and nuclear war and will not start a u-clear Armageddon against Russia, then it must elect the only alterna-tive it has: the support of the national independencamovementa oftteoplea enslaved by Russia. There is no third wikr. - "Peacefulot tenor" would lead to the acceptance of the political:Wei quo,which would manction all, the conquests of Moscow and would.liCturtiAmharic* the prospects of further Russian aigiewionain Eure andAsia. Te hope that • "political evolution" within the Soviet Russianwire *child- hid to 44 gradual disintegration and collapse of theSoviet power is Ow wilihful thins •... hiding te\disiuter.

Only disintegration of the Rueikan . ...,. ire, which could take placeonly through an' Anti-imperialist and aa • -Communiat revolution, raneventtlally effectuate the elimination of The 4imeish danger forever. 4

Anti-Russian form are in existence behind tho Iron Curtain; thereare millions of non-Rum:lane in the Soviet army . with 'sem is lbeir‘ .,kends who would not hesitate to use them against ,theirlituatiant,2opreor. at a proper moment. ;• ' .'; , ' 1 .

The ideals of freedom' and independence are dre, ..t/tinlitornie - • •and hydrogen bombe. The West in Its han&-this powerful.weapon, which the R do not ye, but which they are entpVeoeptively in -opagaadizing the Asian and African peoples. Whatthe West must do is to property utilise it, toward the objective whichcan be accepted' by all L4iepeop1ea of the world:lenaine freedom lindWoeretion from 'Ruad.4 Communist tyranny . dSennah's ""disengagem " thesis is as dangerou"peaceful coeicmee" meal.

In his arUcM,"Wh4 tie Kremlin rears. Most," 1:301i.....i. P. OFuller writes: +,) i ,.

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-

Igig SECTIONThe enslaved nations, with their mieery, hunger, slavery, . Wel •-•fear of arrest and deportation, and the like, are not dia....s to listento accounts of the American way of life, the high sten. . of living,Civil liberties, and so forth. How do the enslaved nations benefitfrom such broadcasting? Are these good things, enjoyed by the4nierican people, to be transferred to the enslaved nations once anew "summit" conference is held? On the contrary, these enslaveduations believe that such a conference with the Russian', their oppres-

s and tormentors, would strengthen their hold over them andonly perpetuate their misery and enslavement.• Mr. Aetna. Mr. Stetako, would you care to eon:anent on the",',Voice of America"?

Mr. Syrriao. We in Europe have been astounded by reports thatthe "Voice of America" was planning to eliminate brolOesstang in thenon-Russian languages destined for the Soviet Union, and toeentrete it. propaganda efforts in the Ruasisn language

. This would really be a mistake.It is true that the broadcasts of the "V6iti .01. America" in the

various Doti-Russian language* to the U. S. S. R. were eitzensel weak—%and as • rule, ineffectual The enslaved people, had been ...Ing •that eventually these broadcasts would evolve into an on •..support of the national liberation movements of these peoples.waited to hear, through the "Voice of America," that the American-.'p sympathyeoot and the United States Government are in sympay andso

with the struggle for natioeal statehood and independence.This never alma But at least the broadcasting in the venous non- iRuarian languages implied a tacit recognition on the part of theUnited States Government of those separate entities, the non-Romisat&publics of the U. S. S. R.

•If the broadcasts are eliminated, then the non-Russian peopleswould have to listen to the Russian-language broadcast., which is thelanguage of their oppressor kfid _enslaver. This would necessarilyImply that the United States is against the fistional liberation of thenon-Russian nations, and that America in fact supporta the RhasianEni • • "one and indivisible Russia," as adiclated by • Ruasian

• -r imperialists of all hues and colors. It would cortemee these natiOna,wire and more that the United State. is fighting solely for a thange ofthe Communist regime in the U. S. S. R., and not for the destructionof the Russia.n imperialist 'structure.

"The Voice of America" shies away from even mentioning the term"national independence" in its broadcasts to the non-Russian peoplesLI the U. B.S. R. This is apparently not to "offend!! the sensitivities01 thRasin 'people who, as is well known, constitute a nrinority.ia, (the U.

A: fry years ago Ithrushchev removed l 'sonici Mdihovfihis :* -post a. Sliscretary General of the Communist Party of Ukraine Melds' .overzlotis, Rusaifieation of- Western Ukraine. Even for such a-bnztsljt and .gvcroeidisl,ar Khrushehev, a fortible-Rusiifioatiott

•in the Ukraine wail out of line. And the free world, par.'.y the United States, would seem to be following evelaa more

reactionary course by resorting tb the use of the ,Ruanan laoguage fit• its psychological irarfare. . • ,

A few years ago a critical appraisal of the "Voieent Anlerlia".'malt •submitted to the Department of State by Maj. L. Pala's* of thor'Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), thief of the Iqlormation BuresAof the Supreme_ Ukisinian Libation. Council ind -oienibec of theSupreme Council of the Organization bf Ukrainian Nationalist.(CHIN). Major Poltava celled the attention of the Unitid StatesGovernment to a vital weakness of the "Voice of America." 'Theweakness is the neglect by the "Voice of America" to use one of tAttmost powerful argument. against- Ruesian Coinmunist.the ideal of national independence of the non-Russian nations ends*in the U. 8.. f4. p

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25 AYMONO SECTION

Russian dominates approximately 40 million Moslems. She is*availing herself of the services of Moslem quislings from Turkestanfor agitation among the Insane population, which numbers some 350pulhon people outside the U. S. S. R.

Mr. Aaixe. Could you say an ything, Mr. Stetako, on RussianCommunist propaganda among the Moslems outside the SovietUnion?

Mr. SvrrsEo. The Soviet radio in Tashkent, where theseem to have concentrated extremel y powerful propaganda facilities;Broadcasts in some 90 languages and dialects to the Moslem people inAsia and Africa. This vast propaganda work is being done by Ruiner*whomfrequendy are ' as "local Moslems."sig

ntly, during my travels • in Asia I -nettle; hoard , of anysystematic propaganda effort of the United States in these areas, to

t the Russian drive; yet perhaps there is such an effort. If so, itelli3D04 be • very great one:

Every year Moscow sends hundreds of its Moslem Qaislings on theto Mecca, by which it creates the impressiot .. . 1 . the

.4=114cttaide the U. 3.8. R. that complete freedom of - .. A*worded the-Islamic peoples in the Soviet Union. In addition, theRussians for years have been operating throllgh the scenailixt "SovietSolidarity' Oommittoe of Asian Countries, which hes been verysuccessful in spreading Ruanin impenaligm and communism through-out Ana and Africa. This was attested to by Veli ICaymn-Kluni,president of the National Turkestanisn Unity Committee and vice

• president of the Central Committee- of the Anti-Boleheirat Bloc ofNations (ABN), who has made extensive visits to ths Middle East iathe' last few months. He said that the absence of any

minda. was in ,sat measure responible for the rapidgf ormuninumn. The local populations do not kilos/ the policies-andintentions of the United States, and whatever notions they possess

•*e gained -from Russian sources, which are always evidently anti.;American.

, The Russians pose in the Kiddie East as "protectoes ol hidependetimiand freeekim." They smuge in expert agents and' piopagandista,mpecially Moslem pnests. They do-not • •- eommummu out- •

but conduct lengthy (and slanted).ideated) • on religious ao4thanes, talk lott4 about the ' • ty sad' Wee

pendence of the peoples of Ana and Africa," sod books andpamphlet. printed in Tashkent and Sarnarkaod . S. S. R.).

Mover, bring, the "Red Pilgrims" to Mecca bibringappropriate- letters="_*seting" to Turkestanian emigre's from their relatives in the SovietUnion, and declare that they are not interested" in politics but areliterig.d, IS Red mullahs; inpreading the "truth about, the

politics,

situation in the Soviet Unson..1. Moscow has launched a now political and retigiemi . slogan for theMoslem: "Eyery Moslem could be' • Communist and every Com-munist opuld be • Moslem as well, inasmuch as we are not•against.

• Pod and the Prophet."Regrettably, the • Western diplomatic circles in these countries live in

nompletelsoiation, sway from the' local populstioes, which ireto die systematic Communist propaganda depicting the;ns and other Westerners as "imperialata" and as "enemies'

he liberation and independence of the Aldan and African

P• The West mint revise its attitude toward the enslaved natittlekEurope and Asia- At the newly formed "Anon-African Solidarity•

erenee in Cairo, both the Soviet Union and Red China haverepresentatives, who, however, are more than representatives(

y are the real power behind the facade of the Afro indifferent,

re to-At the earns time the West is mourning a totally great, if

'hostile, attitude toward the indepeedenoe movements and their:

, whg ere seeking support aod assistant* iti *rhos world.• •

•

t. ; . • ..•

26 ZY .MONO SECTION

Moreover, In the United Stake the press is waging* rather systematiccampaign mainst British, French, or Dutch unperialism, but littleattention, if any, is being devoted to Russian imperWism and enslave-ment. Why is this eo? If the little country of Ghana a allowed torealise its independence, whx not extend the same right to Ukraine,peorgia, Artnenie, Azerbaijan, Turkestan, Byelorussia, and the otheretislaved countries in the U. S. S. R.?: On the other hand, the Russisuas are cleverly juggling with national-ist nomenclature and definitions. For instance, the .organ of theCommunist Party of Georgia, Komesestisti (No. 149, 1867), publishedan article on Lenin's views) regnrding national probl and foreignpolicy. '.n that article Lenin's attitude to Ukraine is ..atcd: 4 .

In We article, "Ukraine," wkleh Lenin wrote on June 74, 1917, be outlined • rw for the solution of the national question, In particular that of

tlirelros: 'No democrat, let alone • Socialist, can deny the leplIty of Ukraine'sM. No democrat can deny the right of Ukraine to severance Irani Ramie; it isprecisely the unconditional recognition of this right that crooks the ploseibSitya ng the voluntary union of them two peoples in one stale. And this inWith "a 4*,/. the 004,P4ete recognition of thisright Abet affords the onlypsedbaity of cloilinitely brooking off reiationa with the pest of seeureed OsarkenVida try every means available helped to olienate.tbree two peopiet

-. This is a sample of the verbal gymnastics with which the Re:4am.fooled many peoples in the pest and do so now with • disma ying suedes'. '

Mr. Alums. Mr. Stetzko, what is your view on the-callid 'national' 'F00131flitiniain" and the possibility of it being Used by the West against ..!Ifeseow?

Mr. Syrrszo. In addition to the fact that'Weitent pryeb°1&warfare Deo/feet. to (*pit/diner (Ms the Most potent .argumen

liberation the *enslaved peoples in the U. S. S. IL—it a C00111k146311 •.aa

iother_pahydsologicaland political blunder, Some political circles

ha the West, especially in the United States, actually believe that the.-,.. .! best way to appal* communism is not to juxtapose diametrically;1-- opposite doctrine, but a similsr one:* They would advance a Siscialiet-

Marxist or "national communism" idectiogor , which they see es likelysek supplant communism. Nothing . can be further hum ihe truth .

. .•

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and nce of all the enslaved people" and-the final dismiss- , •

with • oational ides, the ideal of national Bess- '. fe -.! .. '.

Chia thst* ' . • *4Vatonituaion; as a Modern form of Russian iiiiperlilistn, can be.,

i

i , ...„, k, . . ' -I. Ilstion. Russian Empire, this "lomat of nstsons." - ; • , . .... .•''1.4• • 44,.. -...,..... i . 1.. ,

1 ., —,n,..v.,..t.r.‘,. • • ...: , _Fmm Wee premises follow false conclusions. This rule emiosattp"..applies to' the Western attitude with regard to the human (mem of . ., .. ..... '.'; ..estisical tusd sociat revolution behind the Iron Curtain. $mite' ., ...I , y • .••'‘ .,

• ,' - .... . , %stern alleles for instance, are waging the anti-Communist struggle..." '-- behind the Iron Curtain with the assistance and guidance of former . D..,

J . ,-,1-:.,.. • • cookinumi4 eciliaborators who helped the Russian Communists %'

:WWI Colimunist regimes in various Eastern and Central European:

:i . . ' !.. -'.\ sountries. We can easily =agate what the occupied countries 'of' ' ' ., Western Europe would have thought of the Americans had they

fought the News with the aesistande of thel: collaborators—de la

IRoque, D•riehe, Quisling, and the like. The Allies did not evensupport,. Marshal Petain, once the hero of Verdun, but threw their

s :.. '?•4 , .. ) .. all-out support behind Oen. Charles de Gaulle, who L•tany and,1 ..!‘,L." ' ; 'If:, Integrally opposed Hitler and everything' stood for.13....<,•14'..‘' ;..'?-4;;;: . i , .

But at the present- eiese we are- ansiously witnessing the .1 s•rm7• ..‘ . oppoette. The 'Western decoomacies are shymt away from

a2... p-..... anti-Coenmuniss, and instead are relyingon former Communists and ,-. s:, :::,'•

tt- 1 3:* : do. % • ,:i . ' Communist collaborators. In doing so they- unwittingly perhaps—• are manifesting • deplorable lack of faith in their own moral strength! c ,.. and the final victory of democracy over communism. To hold such

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27 zy"' -ONO SECTION

In fact, there is no "national communism." es a limited nationaldoctrine. This is so because its roots are based in the internationaldoctrine. There is no possible doubt that communism, without thesupport of the Russian force and without having become an instru-ment of Russian imperialism, would have remained one of the manyabstract theories in the world, such as anarchism. Without Russia itwould not have become a deadly threat to the entire world.

Every nation can cope with communism as such through its aimmeans and legislation. Communism as an international doctrine,which has been imposed upon every country by the Russian bayonetaand tanks—no country, except ethnic Russia, accepted communismby their own will—has become • malevolent and deceitful idnt the service of Russian awvssion, behind which lurks trsdiRussian imperialism and colonialism. In this respect the only "na-tional communism' is•the "Russian national communism" posing as"international communism" directed by Moscow, inasmuch as itserves the Russian interests exclusively. All other "national own-muniems" are but superficial creations of Moseiow, with which Moscowis endeavoring to capitalize on the yearninge and aspirstions of theconquered peoples. "National communism' techniques ao serve tokeep the Communist Partici in the West in the Russian camp, Inas-much as they are given the illusion of a measure of independence,.

Prom this point of view, we approach the problem of Titoism.Titoism, regrettably , has determined in no little wise the *distanceof the psychological warfare effort of many Weeterncircles Titoismhas the Western Powers on a wayward path by causing them to relyon the so-called "national Communist" elements in the CommunistParties behind the Iron Curtain. In this way, Titoism added to the

'confusion in the Western ranks and thus helped prevent the Wtfrom integrating its anti-Communist policies. tinder the influence ofthe Theist experiment, the Western political circles heve fruitlesslydirected their anti-Communist activities toward the spurious "leisdingelite of the revolution." The damage done to the cause of the Kremlinby 'Titoism, on the other hand, has been relatively insignitioant.

When at one time several hundred armed Ukremian insetients,members of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (OPA), socoeeded

,penetzsting into Western Germany with arms in their hands, naitheirthe Ailerican nor the firitish Radio Corporations would ellow them to

- address an appeal to the Ukrainian people, despite the fact that theseUkrainian insurgents enjoyed the overwhelming support and sympathy

• of the entire Ukrainian nation. Nothing was ever said in 'Westernbroadcasts of the death of Gen. Tara. Chupeynka, commander in

, chief of the UPA, who led the Ukrainian anti-Conununist and anti-,Nazi resistance during World War II and who died battling the hfkrD

. sectnity troops in March 1960; nor was mention every made of the• death of Osman Batur, leader of the Turkestanian Bement*

estanian insurgents), who was also killed while fighting the Russians.And yet the case of Mfiovan Djilas became a worldwide cause celebreovernight,' simply became he became "disillusioned" in the comi-=unman. ThieDjila., oonof the most ruthless Commu*ts only afew yam ago, was one the principal executioners of Gm. DrajaMihailovich, erstwhile Western &BY against IfOter, whom the Western

sacrificedto .placate Stalin and his pupil in rugoslavistilodp'Bros Tito. • •

Undoubtedly , the opposition movements within the Communist,Parties behind the Iron Curtain creete a ferment, which harms theCommunist cause sa a whole. But it would be grievous error on thepart of the Western World to rely on such disturbances ss a decisiveelement which would precipitate the fall and disintegration of theRussian Communist empire. The enslaved nations are fightingsoiree all forms of C0131111U11111313. To impose upon them t-moo of 'national communism" as a comprercese seUlemen

• Ysita-typ... t or "peaceful otexistenee"e and ultimately paralyse the resistance at these .peoplia.

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• • j I It is certain that these enslaved nations would oppose and resist anyattempt by the West to impose on them a "streamlined" communism,i • In the guise of 'national communism." Finally, "national °ma-

i muniam," unsupported by either the West or Russia, has no chanteofsurviving whatsoever. The ers.mple of WIsdysisw Gomulka inPoland is to the point" After the P0/111111 upheavals his position was

: . quite desperate. He pleaded with the Polish people to vote for himand not to demand more "freedom," because the Soviet-RussianArmy would intervene and because the Poles could not ever expect to"detach themselves completely" from the "friendly" Soviet Union.Janos Ksdar in Hungary also belonged to the so-called "nattonal

. Communist" team, but in the decisive hour of the Communist regimehe did not hesitate to appeal for Russian assistance to crush brutallythe aspirations to freedom of his compatriots.

Socialism cannot effectively oppose communism any more thandid the national socialism of Hitler. Hitler failed to overcome Stalinteosuse their political systems were so closely similar that the en-slaved nations saw nothing different about nazism. They therefore,could not supportthe Nasis &though they hated the Bolsheviksdeeply. Socialist Kerensky also opposed the natidnalliberation of the enslaved nations, as be wanted to preserve theRumian Empire at all costs. The people-socialism at Edward Basesled him to capitulate to Russia_ In general, any political system which

•e has any affinity or closeruas to totalitananism and imperialism isper as not acceptable as a weapon against conunnnign and Russianimpenaltsm. .

Although the Kremlin is ensalving the nations which it conquered,the Runniest leaden are exerting tremendous effort to give the impres-

. ...Li 4 'sion that they are not enslaver', but liberators. For instance, during• • the celebrations of the 300th anniversary of- the Wileity of Pampas,'

Russian propaganda tried to convince the Ukrainian people that theRuminant; were thew "true friend'," and that the "Ukrainian ff.. & R.

• is • genuine Ukrainian independent Mate and is sovereign." ' It toldthem that the Ukrainian state is "national in form, hut Socialist ineentent," and that all the achievements of the Ukrainian people aredue to the amistance and good heart of the "elder brother*, the

•Running. At the same time the Western propaganda emanatingthe free capitals of the world and directed toward the Ukrainian

• 14 ‘;• is simply nonconuni sal on the subject. Can we imaghie what• •-is. ,ef Ukrainian people would feel if the .Voirie. of America" were asi active

• r as the Rumen propaganda lilt preeented the true and, unfalisfied • 1,i.

.3- - . stmy of the Ukrainian roil?J Mr. Alps's. In rejecting the so-called "national communism" as a

weapon spinet Moscow, who is in your opinion, a true and reliabie

714 ally of the West behind the lion Curtain?•'- • 'Mr. Serwrsso. The West thinks -naively-that there are many

• "hottest" Communists behind the Iron Curtain who resent Rumianintrueion and, therefore, are susceptible to Western appeals for-"national iximmunkrn." Needless to say, such notions are totallygrou.ndites. There are very' few "idesbetie" or "hamlet" Corn-Juanita behind the bun Curtain; the free world has a far greater

.141. Dumber of them than can be found behind the Iron Curtain. Those-who rule as Russian satraps and puppet. are as ruthless and dedicatedto Mame se is to be expected; to maintain themselves in power andto eacape ths perioaticjimpiao.purges, they have had to be treache.rous•• ••'. and v)—only such people can walk the Communist 'tightrope. To•

• rely on thew to hope that they will eventually turn against Moscow,is es futile as to- hare tried to induce Quisling of Norway or Degrelle

iof Belenna take sn= against Hitler.

MONO SECTION2E3Zir

•

)

2 9 ZXMONO SECTION

'Hence the basic line of our liberation effort must be oriented towardthe national liberation forces of the enslaved nations which exist inthe underground, despite their neglect by the free West for thesemany years. It a one thing to break down the Communist leadershipand quite another to mobilize the constructive forces solely capableof wrecking the Communist system. A social revolution 1 impossiblein the occupied countries without a national revolution, because thesocial system as imposed by Moscow is sustained in the enslavednations by force of Russian arras. Mobilization and support on thepart of the free world of theme national elements which totally opposeand rimate the Russian Empire and communism is the one, uniquemethod which will successfully lead to the destruction of ezmmunzamarid the disintegration of the Russian totalitarian empire.

To. believe that the West can find Russian leaders wlio would be•willing _to help bring out the fall of the Russian Empire is anotherdangerous illusion. It was Alexander Kerensky and Paul Miliukor

_sdio are said to have expressed the following sentiment: "It is betterto have • cruel dictator (Stalin) than have • dismembered Russia"(t. e. reference is made to the Russian Empire).

Wiere is no doubt today that underground resistance farces in theJ. S. S. R. are very much • reality. If the West, for its part, ceases

•is appease the Russian tyranny and openly accepts the program ofdntegrating the Russian Communist empire, the chances of a sue-.avasful eruption of those underground forces are more than fair. Ifthe West wants to avoid the fate of Ukraine or Hungary, and thelike, it must stop dreaming about any "peaceful coexistence" withMoscow. The West must change its tactics from the defensive tothe offensive, and it should fearlessly proclaim that so long as theRussians oontinsie to enslave Hungary, Poland, Bulgaria, Lithuania,Estonia, Latvia, Slovakia, Byelorussia, Ukraine, Georgia, Turk=and others, long will the West refuse to accept Russia's profen . "peaceful coexistence." But toward that objective the Westernnations should create a favorable chmete and specific conditionswhich would help, and not impede, the announced program. Aboveall, ta West must recognize the anti-Russian underground resistancemovements and help in their operations behind the Iron Curtain atbasks,. boldly and thoroughly as Moscow is helping Communist fifthsolunnos the world over. The West must strengthen the centrifugalforces which the non-Russian nations of the U. S. S. R. comprise.It hai to exert political pressures against the Russian Empire ,nnall sides; it must overhaul its approach to Moscow and adopt newend ilynaznic tactics. The United States has to redesign its propa-ganda browicests. particularl y its official and unofficial -psychologies.'wadi:re media, such sa the "Voice of America," "Radio .,ee Europe,"and "Radio Liberation."

Ore of the major steps in the new approach should be the elimina-tion of the difference in the treatment accorded the so-called satellitecountries and the non-Russian nations in the U. S. S .. R. by theUnited Sums. Up to date all the efforts of the United States Glovern-;limn seem to be concentrated on the satellite nation.. The nationsenelaved in U. S. S. R. receive scant attention on the false amumptionthat they are the "internal problem of Russia."

Wm manner, the West should support the liberatioe. of such •people as the Slovaks in Communist Czechoslovakia, and the Serbs,Croats, add Slovent in Tito's Yugoslavia. In both these cnentriesthem distinetpeoples are persecu ted not only by Commaniet trantiti,but by "sma' im s as well. Slovaksor Croats have the.Immo right to their independence as Czechs or Serbs.

30 ZiYMONO SECTION

In policy planning with respect to the Soviet Union, the West mustrealise that its only chance of overcoming the Bolshevik scourge Ileain undermining the Russian Empire. This Empire consists of manynon-Ruasian nations and lands which were conquered by Moscowand had been held in captivity actinet their will. These forces arepowerful and reliable, and they will always be alined with the Westagainst the Russian enslavers. But, on the other hand, the Westmust finally understand their plight, and provide them with ..iicientassistance. Instead of supporting Communist Tito and Gomulka andother "national Communists," the West must throw it..unqualifiedsupport' behind the national liberation forces which exist behind theIron Curtain. Tito and Gomulka and their ilk will exist so long aseolumuniem exist. in the Soviet Union. Although it may sound some-how paradoxical, some circles in the West are supporting "nationalcommunism" for the sole purpose of having a "modified communism"in the world, even when communism in the U. S. S. R. has beendestroyed.

Finally, the West must realise that the Russian Empire is the last,empire that eventually will be broken up. The national revolutionarymovements will constitute the bulk of the forces which will overthrowthat Empire. How long it will take before the proems is completedis difficult to foretell. A spark might ignite a conflagration whichwill send the whole unwieldy edifice crashing to the ground. Nobodyknew in 1017 that the rebellion of the Urksinian Volynsky Recipientin Petrograd would start the revolution of 1917 and would precipitatethe fall of the Russian Czarist Empire. National revolutions areDot guided by Marxist laws of "historical and economic development,"and therefore are not subordinate to the mechanical calculations ofMarxism, but. instead are directed by human souls and hearts.

Mr. Astra. You mentioned, Mr. Stetako, the demands of politicalprisoner' in Vorknta. Could you tell Us more about it?

Mr. Srwrsxo. Dr. Joseph Scholmer, a noted ' German doctor whowas arrested in East Berlin and sent to the slave camp at Vorkuta,

that during the revolts sparked by the Ukrainian and Baltic,'tical prisoners, camp inmates issued demands which went far

the character of ordinary prison strike. In his book, entitledorkstts" (p. 194), Dr. Scholmer writes:

Conversations with the military leaders of the resistance groups at Forint*er. one • dear picture of their Idea of the most desirable form of such cooperatioc,between themselves and the West,- Thin can be auxuaariaad ea foliows:

1. The dropping of leaflets over dip:snipe giving the signal to the primmer'to nail • geoecrsl strike;

2. The droppeng of arms, radio transmitters, explosives, medical suppiiesand food. This is to be done,00t only at Vorkuta, but in all the forest eampsalong the railway leading southward; formatios by the prisoners of partisan group. who would be

In • podtbon to cut the 1,b044121.1e railway line at given points;4. Creation of separwte Republic, independent of Moscow, which would

embrace the whole vast forest network of European and Asiattii Ric. Ifthe primmer. had arms, this would' be quite unsasailable. Not tanks, air-man, or artillery can operate in this gigantic partisan terrain;

5. Intemsive radio provags.nda to the peoples in tho8oviet Union from thisIndependent Republic with the alm of bringing about-

(*) A pep...et rising under the traditional slogan, "Land for thePeassenteV

(0 A workers rising under the n, "Factories to the Workers";& Prodamatioo of the national bide nee of Ukraloe, the Baltic stales,

Brekefol#14 the people. of Concerti*, Turkestan, and the Far East;7. *1 Is emotion of conditions similar to civil war by an .sivstiorti

of the timcloe between the hard cure of the Army and the peoples of the •

Soviet Union.

. I I

31 ZYMONO SECTION

The Ukrainian prisoners in Mordovia sent a special appeal to tarthe United Nations, putting forth special demarHs whieh subetantiatethe demands of the prisoners in Vorkuta cited above. Moreover, 500Ukrainian women prisoners were slaughtered by Russian tanks inKingir in June of 1954, when they joined the revolting prisonersfighting for identical purposes. These examples convincingly demon-strate that, despite •Ruselan terror and persecution, the forces offreedom and liberation are by no means subdued or destroyed.

Mr. ARCN8. Mr. Steteko, you mentioned about the vast anti-Rus-sian resistance among the non-Russian nations in the U. S. S. R,What is your opinion about the Soviet army?

Mr. STirrsxo. The Soviet army is not as reliable as many in theWest think it is. The West might well hope that with • properpsychological warfare and approach, the Soviet army could be , de-moralized and disrupted without undue effort. First of all, the ma-jority of the Soviet soldiers are non-Russian. During the German-Soviet War of 1941-46, millions of non-Rueeian soldiers surrenderedvoluntarily to Germany. Moreover, during the Hungariaorevolutionof 1966 many Soviet soldiers, the overwhelming majority of thembeing Ukrainians, refused to fight against the Hungarian freedomfighters and went over to them, using their arms against the Russiansecurity troops. The West has an excellent opportunity to demoralisethe Soviet army by appealing to the national elements in it, and bypromising them the creation of national armies, to be put at thedisposal of their national independent governments on the ruins ofthe Russian Empire. Such an appeal would create havoc in the Sovietarm y.

Mr. Aliens. Mr. Stetzko, eome leaders in the Western World,supporting the Russian-sponsored drive for "peaceful coexistence,"are expressing beliefs that communism will eventually evolve Intosort of democracy. Do you yourself think it possible?

Mr. Serrrixo. Under the pressure of the national liberation andanti-Bolshevik struggle of the enslaved nations, the Ruirrian tyrants

. are compelled to juggle and maneuver their way, making fictitiousconcessions" here and there. This has given rise to the fallacy . In

the West that through evolution the Communist system may evolveInto some sort of democracy. But Weeterners forget onetheme "compromises" are doled out by the Kremlin itaelf and onlysuch an extent as it is deemed safe for its own security. It is to be

'recalled that the New Economic Policy (NEP) was also analyseda retreat from communism; then we had a "Ukrainisation" programin Ukraine, which, however, was followed by brutal collectivisation

., and manmade famine in Ukraine, claiming millions of victims inUkraine, the Don Cossack lands, Byelorussia, and so forth. Thepresent 'View" in Poland can hardly be compared with the powerful"changes" during NEP. The Kremlin purposely creates the illusionof "peaceful evolution" within the Communist empire in order toallay the fears of the free world. Khrushchev's downgrading OfStalin was also • very effective trick, whereby he exonerated himselfand thus made himself more presentable as a "benevolent Com-munist," one fit for the West to do buainest with.• And yet it was after the death of Stalin that the Soviet RussianEmpire was shaken to its foundations; that Khruahchev and Bwere shown to be every whit as ruthless and inhuman as Stalin,sad Yeshov. When the demands of Ukrainian prisoners in theconcentration camps went beyond the "evolutionary limits," the"collective leadership" did not hesitate to employ army tanks andshock security MVD troops to suppress the Ukrainian rebellion endgeneral etrikee. The process took place in East Berlin, then in Pos-nan, and finally in Hungary. Moreover, Khrushchev clamped down onTito when the latter tried to walk a "neutralist" line (this was manageddespite the absence of Soviet troops in Yugoslavia). How can onetalk of any political "evolution" in countries choked with Sovietarmy gs.milons and a police network? This political "evolution"operates only for the strengthening of the Russian Empire, and hasalso become One of the very powerful arguments of the 'Soviet foreignpolicy, aiming at an acceptance by the West of the status quo, whichin fact would endorse all the RUM= conquests in Europe and Asia

32 ZYMONO SECTION

How Russia understands "peaceful coexistence" we see even on theinstance of the Hungarian revolution. The bloody suppression of the

n revolution was decided upon unanimously by "belovedhukov, "world peace lover" Khruehchev, "sponsor ofslight

stry" Malenkov, and others; they all knew that a euccesdulHunganan revolution would spell the beginning of the decline Of theirdomination.

The Hungarian revolution demonstrated most vividly the 'totalbankruptcy of communism as • social, political, and ideologicalsy. a. It was directed against every and any form of communism,eap...cially against one of its most objectionable features—collectiviza-tions; and it was directed against the Russians as the master oppres-sors The cry "Russians Go Home" underscored most emphaticallythe national and anti-Russian character of the revolution. Also thefeet that the youth took over the leadership in the anti-Communistand anti-Russian uprising demonstrated the total failure of theCommunist indoctrinations; and the fact that the workers, those"legendary" beneficiaries of the Communist regime, .manned, thebarricades undermined the Communist ideology and its regime morethan anything else has done in the last few decades.

One of the most spectacular features of the Hungarian revolutionwas the numerous desertions from the Soviet army of Ukrainian,lAvelorussian, and other non-Russian soldiers over to the side of theHungarian freedom fighters—another proof of the antipathy of thesubjugated peoples for their RUalliAn =stars. This occasion remindedthe free world once again that the Achilles' heel of the Bolshevikempire is the struggle of the enslaved peoples.

Despite the bravery of the Hungarian people and the fact that theWestern nations lot them down completely, the Hungarian revolutionalso had other causes for ita failure. Imre Nagy, to the very listminute, believed in Russia and never understood the essence ofRussian ideology. But the heroic people of Hungary had • need of afirm, national, and uncompromisingly anti-Communist leae.eshipitnot a "national Communist" one which still believed in the posk-bilityof compromise with the Kremlin. The Hungarian revolution remainedlocalized, instead of becoming generalised and spreading to other:enslaved countries of the Soviet Russian Empire.

When Imre Nagy announced the -withdrawal of Hungary from theWarsaw Pact, he appealed for neutrality, hoping that the UnitedStates wauld guarantee such neutrality. Instead of which he ought'to have appealed to all enslaved nations to rise in a common front.against communism and Russian imperialism. He should have calledon them to fight for their national independent states; for the destruc-tion of the Russian forces in all the occupied countries; and for thebuilding up of national, non-Communist armies not only in Hungary,hut in • e, Poland, Georgia, Turkestan, Slovakia, Bulgaria, andothers, and China aa well. But "national Communist" Nagy clungto his trust in,. Russia to the last, even to that final moment whenSoviet Russian tanks approached his residence. When Hungarianfreedom fighters, common workers, peasants, students, and mtelleo-tuals rose against the Russians and their Communist puppets, Noe'tried to placate and appease them. Hence he had to lose, and with

.him the brave Hungarian people lost as well.

da!

33 ZYMONO SECTION

The Western nations will eventually pay dearly for failing to supportthe Hungarian revolution and, for that matter, the Polish and theGerman riots and the Ukrainian strikes and uprisings in the concen-tration tamps. It is beyond dispute that had the Western nations,especially the United States, actively assisted the Hungarian re-volu-tion, Russia would not have dared to risk an atomic war, or to cLe1.enge

Unitednited States as a whole.Mr. ARENS. Mr. Stetzko, you are an outstanding Ukrainian na-

tionalist leader. Would you care to sa y something about presentactivities of the Ukrainian nationalist underground in Ukraine?

Mr. Syrrzao. The Ukrainian liberation movement in the last fewyears has undergone certain tactical changes due to the fact that theWestern World including the United States, directed all . its effortstoward a modue vivendi with Communist Russia and the-enslavednations were given to understand, in most unminkikable terms, thatthey cannot, hope for any effective assistance in their liberation effort.It was clear that the Ukrainian underground movement would have tochange its methods of redistance.in order to continue effectively thestruggle against Ruasia, inasmiich as open guerrilla warfare would notcontinue indefinitely. Thus, instead of an armed struggle against theRussian invaders, a more subtle and well-organized resistance to theSoviet Russian power as such went into effect. This quiet and sys-tematic resistance against Moscow embraced all the sectors of life inUkraine; political, economic, cultural, and religious. From time totime an armed ambush against, Soviet Rusaisn security troops doestake place in Ukraine.

In 'Ukraine this resistance is directed by the principal resistancegroups (1) Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), (2) Ukrai-.'nian Insurgent Army (CPA), and (3) the Supreme Ukrainian Libera-tion Council (U. H. W. R.). The other enslaved peoples have similarunderground anti-Russian and anti-Communist liberation organiza-tions, which are united in the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations(A. B. N.), as coordination center.

Underground propaganda, which encompasses underground litera-ture on political, literary. economic themes, has proved to beextremely effective, especially among the youth and the Soviet armymen. .The latter group -haa been especially prone to anti-Communistand anti-Russian propaganda, inasmuch as the great number of itconsiats of the non-Russian nationalities which cannot forget whatMoscow is doing to their native countries.

In the economic sector, the propaganda effort is directed againstthe collective farm system, and the advantages of private property

are being pro. tee( as an inalienable right of every man.2:::L=11

• •1/07117,* iteration movement is supporting thetholic an. t e rainian Autocephalic Orthodox under-

-. el • c,urches and combats vigorously the official atheistic policyof Moscow. All possibilities that exist within the Soviet system arebeing meticulously utilized for the purpose of preparing the Ukrainianpeople for the final day of liberation and freedom.

This anti-Russian and anti-Communist resistance of the Ukrainianpeople has found another expression in the form of mass strikes andrebellions in Soviet concentration camps in Siberia and Kazakhstan.Such mass strikes which gained recognition in the free world tookplace in July 1953 in Vorkuta, in June of 1953 in Norilsk, in June of1964 in ICingir (Kazakhstan), and in September of 1955 in Mordoviaand in Taishet. These .mass strikes sowed not only the germs ofrevolt and resistance in the slave labor camps, but contributedgreatlyto slackening of Soviet war industries in Siberia.

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MONO SECTION

Although deeply and bitterly disappointed in the West's inactionand indifference to their plight, the Ukrainians and other enslavedpeoples inside the Iron Curtain are keeping their spirit of resistancevery high and are not wavering in their anti-Communist positions.The brutal Policies of Moscow relying on mass deportations ofUkrainians to Asia proved ineffective, because these recalcitrantUkrainians spread seeds of discontent and rebellion wherever theywent.• The ideal], of a common cause of all the enslaved nations are deeplyrooted behind the Iron Curtain, and no form of Russian tyrannycan ever destroy them. The Soviet Russian system failed and it onlyexists because it is supported by the strength of Russian bayonets.The case of Hungary in the fall of 19541 substantiates this mosteloguently.

The nation the eludes,the moat s werfulweapon o est an e ectivel avail in its never-

. r 4. • II '' user-C.—But, , theIV% I. rarvie... eron urtain. • unng or • ar the kraintan underground

(the OUN, the UPA, and the Supreme Ukrainian Liberation Council)waged an unparalleled struggle against both the Nazis and theBolsheviks, and yet the West failed to recognize these forces. Afterthe defeat of Nazi Germany, the UPA, in cooperation with liber-ation forces of other nations, commanded large and powerful forces;and the Soviet Government was forced to employ many oombatdivisions of special security troops in order to cope with the Ukraini anunderground resistance forces. Later on, on May 12, 1947, the SovietU111011 concluded a special treaty with the Communist governmentsof Poland and Czechoslovakia directed against the UPA.

During the Hungarian revolution of 1956 many Ukrainian and other. non-Russian soldiers from the Soviet army not only refused to fight

against the Hungarian freedom fighters, but numerous of them wontover to their side with arms and tanks. Many of them died fightingagainst the Rusaiarui, and many others were captured by the MVDand executed outright or sent to slave labor camps.

Long before the Hungarianrevolution, the Kremlin could not con-ceal the vast gnu-Russian resistance in Ukraine. The Soviet press,despite the strict Communist censorship, reported from time to timethe an-eat of "bourgeois Ukrainian nationalists" and "enemies of thepeople." In 1947 some 400 members of the UPA crossed the heavilyguarded Iron Curtain border and arrived in Western Germany armedwith automatic pistols, hand grenades, and so forth. The y were sentby Oen. Tars Chuprynka, commander in chief of the UPA, to con-vtee the Western World that the Ukrainian underground was stillactive and fighting against Moscow. After the death of GeneralChuprynka, who was ambushed and killed by the MVD troops onMarch 5, 1950, the Ukrainian underground continued its operationsand the Soviet Russian Government made several appeals in the pressand over the radio, promising the underground freedom fighters fullpardon if they surrendered voluntarily. (Gen. Tams Chuprynka wasa third Ukrainian national leader destroyed by Moscow in recenttimes. On May 25, 1926, a Communist agent shot and killed on astreet of Paris Simon Petlura, former head of the Directorate of theUkrainian National Republic. Col. Eugene Konovaleta, head of the(bkanization of Ukrainian Nationalists and commander of theUkrainian Military Organization, was blown to death by a bomb de-liveted by an NKVD agent on May 23, 1938, in Rotterdam, theNetherlands.)

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In the fall of 19511 the Hungarian freedo m fighters reported thatthey know of many desertions of ITkrainian soldiers from the Sovietarmy and of resistance outbursts in several places in Western UkraineptrUcularly the railroad networks between the cities of Nadvirna antiVorokhta. near the Polish-Ukrainian border, and in Ushorod inCarpatho-Ukraine. The railroad line between Lviv (WesternUkraine) and Budapest was guarded by four crack Soviet divisions.At the same time serious disorders broke out in the Areas of Hrebenivand Zrunist near the Polish-Byelorussian border. The railroad linebetwe;stiStsinislaviv and Kolomeya v.as disrupted for several days.

Moreover, serious student disturbances took place in Kiev, capitalof Ukraine; and some Hungarian prisoners were librated by theUkrainian underground fighters when their train was ambushed bythe Ukrainian national partisans. These Hungarian refugees whoescaped from the Soviet. Union stated that the Ukrainian undergroundwas well organized and that it enjoyed the support of the Ukrainianpeople, which is direct contradiction to the Kremlin propaganda lineto the effect that the Ukrainian nationalist underground is composedof paid agents and enemies of the people.

Even before the Hungarian revolution, the Ukrainian undergroundfighters were known to be operating in the Polish-Ukrainian borderzone. The Polish newspaper Zycit Waroadtoy (Life of Warsaw) ofJuly 21-27, 1955, reported the trial of several young Ukrainians inWarsaw who were accused of belonging to the OUN and the UPA.Among them were such men as Kaminsky, Lykholat, Hoy-san,Ptaahnyk. Boychuk, and Nyz. All were condemned to death, a.ndseveral others got prison terms. In Kiev's Molod Ukrainy (YouthUkraine), • Ukrainian Ron:memol review, a lengthy article appearedon February 17, 1957, attacking the OUN and UFA. It concluded asfollows: "The Ukrainian bourgeois nationalists and the reverendfathers from the Vatican, the Basilian Fathers and the Autocephalistsare finishing their days. ° • •"

But • month before, the Soviet MVD had to use their forces againstthe rebellious Ukrainians in the area of Lviv and Kiev and againstlarge-scale disorders In Tiflis, capital of Georgia.

The Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox and the Catholic Churches,which were brutally liquidated by the Bolsheviks, are neverthelessfunctioning in the underground despite severe reprisals and perse-cution.

Again, on February 28, 1957, the Kiev radio attacked the UnitedStates, accusing it of sending Ukrainian nationalist "spies and sabo-teurs" into Ukraine. This attack was printed in Radvanenk Ukrainaof February 28, 1957. The said newspaper is the official organ ofthe Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine and of theSupreme Soviet and the Council of Ministers o(the Ukrainian S. S. R.

Two days before that, on February 28, 1957, L. I. Kizya, memberof the Soviet Ukrainian delegation to the United Nations, formallyaccused the United States of sowing disorders and sabotage in Ukraineaid he introduced a resolution in the United Nations demandingcondemnation of the lJnited States.

Mr. AneNns. Mr. Stetzko, do the activities of the Ukrainian nation-alist underground in Ukraine find any other repercussions in theCommunist-controlled press and publications?

Mr. STE'rzao. On January 10-12, 1957, a plenum of the Union ofSoviet Writers, of Ukraine took place in Kiev. One of the UkrainianSoviet writers, Yury Smolych, was commissioned by Moscow todeliver a major attack against Ukrainian nationalism. His addressappeared in the isane No. 5 of Literaturna Ilazeta of Kiev. Smolychaverred that "bands of Ukrainian nationalists" took active part inthe Hungarian uprising (the same statement appeared in the officialHungarian Communist 'White Book" on the "Fascist intervention,"issued by the puppet Hungarian Government of Janos Hadar).firoolych "intimatod" that these Ulsrainian nationalists "were broughtto Hungary by American planes and armored cars."

1

MONO SECTIONThe Russian-controlled Suriel Leiria and Soviet &tunig reported

recently that national liberation movements were active in the BalticStates, Byelorussian, and Ukraine. Also UchitelAkaya Gazela (Teach,era' Gazelle), official organ of the Soviet Ministry of Fublie Education,reported the passive resistance of the population in Bessarabia andKirgliizia; and during Christmas the chief of the MGB, Gen. IvanSerov, called in Moscow's Prarda for redoubling vigilance, saying:"All the activity of our security organs is directed toward the destruc-tion of foreign espionage groups and other enemies of socialism. • • ''`"

Writing in the December I. 1957, issue of the New York HeraldTribune, Ansel E. Talbert, its militar y and aviation editor, corn-mented upon the death sentences passed upon four Ukrainian under-gound fighters by the Soviet military tnbunal in Rivnc, Ukraine.He wrote:

Official Sovkt reports of death sentences j,int ponied upon a grbup of Ukrainian"a/alone/4;U" and "partisans" from the Rovno Provluoe bordering the PripetMarahea appear to confirm modest related by refugees from Hungary. Thesewere to the effect that befbrr the Budapest revolt of last year, Soviet soldiers hadtold them of recent fighting between regular lied army troops and Ukrainianpartisans, although such anti-Soviet guerrilla warfare was believed to have ended

• • •On October 24, 1957, Pravda Ukrainy in Kiev reported the trial

and execution by shooting of four young Ukrainian nationalists:V. Drozd, V. Kalchuk, I. Bukhalsky, and V. Sheveliuk of Derman, inthe Rivne oblast, for the alleged murder of 400 . Communist agentsbetween 1944 and 1949. Another Soviet Ukrainian scribe, Y.Melnychuk, wrote an article on the "Derman tragedy" in the monthlyreview Z./torten (October), No. 5, 1957; and promised to "reveal all thefacts" about Ukrainian nationalist "traitors," but he suddenly dis-continued the series after the publication of the first installment of hisarticle. • .

It is evident that Moscow is trying to terrorize , the population ofUkraine by trials, executions of young Ukrainian patriots, and bysystematic vilifying of the Ukrainian underground movement.

Mr. ARENS. Mr. Stetzko, is there any comment in the Soviet-Ukrainian press toward Eastern Europe and especially Ukraine?

Mr. STET:so. This anti-Ukrainian campaign by the Communistpress in Ukraine is also coupled with anti-American propaganda aswell. For , instance, United Statre foreign policy with regard toUkraine was scathingly attacked by Yaroalav Zinych, in No. 1 ofDiodes, for January 1958.

This article singled out the American Committee for Liberation,accusing it of hostility toward Ukrainian national independence andof sympathy with Russian imperialism.

The gist' of the article, entitled "Mercenaries Masked and Un-masked," follows:

Before World WIWI1 nationalist cheats gave pisple the illusion of • "Ukrainianempire." This, win what their "ally" Hitler promised them, We all know whathappened to that promise. Hitler had 110 thought about any kind of Ukrainian

not even a bourgeois His aim was to destroy the Ukrainian people.Today, the nationalist bosses cannot even talk shout a tiny backyard bourgeon

state. As anyone ean see, this is not in the plans of the natioindists new bosses.Even the nationalist bosses themselves admit that in the so-called AmericanCommittee, an unofficial agency of the United States Departnnmt of State, thefirst fiddle Is played by Russian White-Guard "nottpredeterministr," who refuseto recognise the existence of the Ukrainian state. In their opinion, this matter IsLobe "determined" later, obviously only If they can seize power. It is not toodifficult to guests how this matter would he "determined." Suffice it to say thatthey all oonsider Ukraine as part of Russia, and the Ukrainian language as cor-rupted Russian.

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37 ZYMONO SECTION

The same article also attacked the United States Department. ofState for its support of Polish, Hungarian. awl Rumanian exile leaderswho claim Western Ukraine, Carpatho-Ukraine, and Bukovins andBesearabia as parts of their "future" states.

,. An author wlumi we previously quoted, Yury Smolych, published a•.4,4,' book. Peace to flut., and War to Palaces. in which he vilified the''''Ukrainian struggle for independence in the years 1917-20. He

especially attacked the proclamation of Ukrainian independence onJanuary 22, 1918, by the Ukrainian Central Rada and such Ukrainianleaders as Simon Petlura, Prof. Mykliailo Hrushersky, and others.The United States, France. and Great Britain were also depicted as"predatory powee," which tried to undermine the Soviet authority byturning Ukraine into a colony of "Western capitalism."

Numerous similar examples and facts can be sighted from othercountries of the Soviet. Union, such as Georgia, Byelorussia, Turkestan,Armenia, Bulgaria, Azerbaijan, or Lithuania. For instance, Komunist,No. 1, 1958, wrote that in Lithuania there •"appear reactionary,nationalist, and antinational traditions which instigate hatred amongthe peoples and influence the youth in the spirit of bourgeois nation-alism • • •." Nationalist influences and tendencies have been alsouncovered among tin writers of Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia,according to the Literary Gazette of March 8. 1958. In Armeniaserious disturbances arose among collective farmers who failed todeliver the wheat quotas assigned to them, at which time the frontkraof Armenia were sealed off. Arrests were reported in Azerbaijan andTurkestan.

From Slovakia it wes reported that several secret trials of Slovaknationalists took place recently, and the Communists are waging afierce campaign agaitist the Slovak National Republic ; ridiculingSlovak national culture and history and the Slovak nations, statehood,as well as the Slovak political emigres.

Mr. A RENS. Mr. Stetzko, what in your opinion is there that theWest can do in order to help the enslaved nations behind the IronCurtain in their struggle against Moscow and for their liberation?

Mr. STeTzko. In summing up this testimony, I would like topresent the following conclusions for your consideration and thought:

The key for the destruction of the Russian Empire lies in the handsof the West, through the freedom-aspiring nationalism of the enslavednations.

if the liberation action of the subjugated nations is to succeed, theWest must necesaarily adopt a different policy with respect tobolshevism than it had heretofore. It must spring out from differentpolitical principles and military-political strategy, • which must takeinto account the enslaved nations, as we analyzed before.

There remain, unfortunately, only two possibilities: either the Westis going to change its policy in the direction of the total negation ofbolshevism and Russia and the complete isolation, including the oustingof the Soviet Union from the United Nations, and an unqualifiedsupport of the liberation struggle of the enslaved nations, or it willhave to accept Khruslichev's terms of "peaceful coexistence" andthereby invite its -owiri doom. I am inclined to support wholeheartedlythe rust course, inasmuch as I firmly believe that this course is theonly one with which the West can avoid an all-out thermonuclearcatastrophe.

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In adopting this course, the free world must above all realize acomplete coordination of its military action with the national libera-tion movements behind the Iron Curtain. For this purpose a closercooperation of certain United States officials, as well as those fromother free countries, with the representatives of these liberation move-ments in exile, who never collaborated with Communists or ever de-fended the integrity of the Russian Empire, must be effectuated. Theprincipal aim of this coordination is the synchronization and concertedaction of the two partners not only the Political, but on the strategicalplane as well, as General Fuller indicated in his penetrating thesis onthis subject. In the event of war, the free world must concentrate itsattack on the Russian ethnographic territory proper, inasmuch as theenslaved nations would be able to cope more effectivel y with the SovietRussian troops garrisoned in Ukraine, Hungary, Poland, Turkestan,et cetera. The national liberation uprising, once set in motion, canthen isolate the Soviet troops in Central Europe westward from theBaltic-Black Sea line to Turkey. Before this "D-day" comes, theWest must pmNide this essential assistance to the anti-Communistand anti-Russian resistance forces. Even now assistance can bespelled out in terms of technical and material support to the existingliberation movements, so that an intimate contact between theseforces and the free world could be achieved beforehand.

The West should have no scruples in this connection inasmuch asMoscow is abetting its subversive and anti-Western Communist fifthcolumns quite openly and shamelessly. These are the lackeys ofMoscow.

On the other hand, the liberation movements are actual partnersand political allies of the West. and they are fighting for their ownliberation and independence. klirusliche y quite openly interferes inthe internal affairs of different nations. But so far not one Westernstatesman of weight has had the courage to declare publicly that thefree world should insist on the independence of Ukraine, Byelorussia,Turkestan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Slovakia, the North Cau-casus, and the like. The West. is even timid to raise the question ofindependence of Ukraine and Byelorussia, although !Kull these Repub-lics have been charter members of the United Nations since 1945.

Finally, the West should draw a practical conclusion from the factthat the Soviet army consists of soldiers of various nationalities. Avigorous and fruitful action can he undertaken to win the loyalty ofthese non-Russian nationals. 'Cite U. S. S. R. can be surrounded byaggressive propaganda outposts in Europe, the Near and MiddleEast, and the Far East, by including in this dynamic action thepolitical and national liberation formations of the enslaved peoples.The first and commanding place should he occupied not by "nationalCommunists" or former Communists or their collaborators, who havebecome disillusioned with communism, but by !ceders who 'havenever engaged in political dealings with the Communists and havealways fought them regardless of place or circumstances. The Westshould use in this all-important action not paid agents, but politicalpartners and allies.

The United States, the remaining hope for all mankind, mustseriously consider this alternative. It should unhesitatingly proceedupon such action by providing powerful radio stations, which couldbe operated by nationalist leaders, who would know how to appeal totheir enslaved brothers behind the Iron (.'tirtaiii. They should begiven every available opportunity to maintain live contact with th.,enslaved countries and to serve as dynamic liaison 'net ween them as d'the free world. It is to be regretted that eertain circles in the UnitedStates have been relying in the past for such work upon opportunisticelements, man y of whom served the Bolsheviks and were their stauchsupporters for long years.

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39 ZYMONO SECTION

The existing United States private radio broadcasting orgaiiizat ions,such as "Radio liberntion" and "Radio Free Europe,' cannot appealto the enslaved nations with full effeet, inasmuch as their policies runcounter to the interests of the great majority of the population of theenslaved countries. The Amen, 'ommit tee for Liberation conductsa polic y , for example, which is not in harmony with the interests ofthe enslaved peoples in the U. S. S. R., in ntuch the same manner asthe activit y of the Institute for the Study of the History and Cultureof the U. S. S. R. in Nlintich cannot claim any political success, forits policy has been based upon ii total misconception and miarep-resent ation of the conditions in the U. S. S. R., espeeially those involv-ing the political aspirations of the non-Russian nations of the SovietUnion.

World War II proved that psychological warfare is as importantas that waged by conventional armies, if not more so.

Christianity, enlightened and libi-ralion nationalism, freedom andindependence of notions and individuals, and the basic democraticideas-41l can effectivel y oppose Russian communism and imperialism,if intelligently and boldly applied.

Here lies a great opportunity for the United States to take over t hpleadership in this gigantic and decisive contest for survival—whichthe . West collectivel y cannot and must not lose.

Maj. Gen. J. F. C, Fuller, outstanding British militarv authorit*,teltsted that the main elements in the war for which the West shouldarm, should be the following:

1. Itt an ideological age WAN take an ideological character;2. They are conflicts of ideas in which bullets play u secondary

part;3. The Chid war is the real war, and its aim is internal attack

• con Inc enemy;4. Ideas are largely impotent unless backed by force—tbe

threat of actual war;5. The greater the threat, the more audaciously can cold war

be waged, hence the importance of scientific superiority;' 6. As this may lead to the outbreak of actual war, the Westmust be prepared, no only to light it, but to convert its war intoCivil guerrilla war within the enemy'a country;

7. These things the Western nations will never adequatelydo unless—

(a) Western Germany is fully rearmed;(6) Unless they cooperate with the National Resistance

Movements behind the Iron Curtain.Finally, let us remember this: In Hie mobile and scientific warfare

of today , hi who prepares for the defense only digs his own grave.So. in fact, who is our real enem y? The true answer is given byBritish Air Vice Marshal E. J. Kingfiton-NicClottgliry in his bookentitled "Global Strategy" (page 101: "The enemy here considered isnot simply embodied in an ideological threat but rather it is the Statecalled Russia, that is, Russia as a power: a Russia expanding anddesiring to extend her sphere of influence: a state posing as the symbolof all manner of ideals. it is Russia as it fighting force, an organizedcommunity, and a power state in the most autocratic and absolu,-;sense with.which we are concerned."