Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency …978-3-642-18081-1...in Intensive Care and Emergency...

Annual Updatein Intensive Careand Emergency Medicine 2011Edited by J.-L. Vincent

Annual Updatein Intensive Careand EmergencyMedicine 2011Edited by J.-L. Vincent

The series Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicineis the continuation of the series entitled Yearbook of Intensive CareMedicine in Europe and Intensive Care Medicine: Annual Update in theUnited States.

Editor:Prof. Jean-Louis Vincent

Head, Department of Intensive CareErasme Hospital, Universite libre de BruxellesRoute de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium

ISBN 978-3-642-18080-4 eISBN 978-3-642-18081-1

DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-18081-1

ISSN 2191-5709

Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York

Library of Congress Control Number: 2011920832

ˇ Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011

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Table of Contents

I Mechanisms of Sepsis and Multiple Organ Failure

The Role of Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE)in Infection

M.A.D. van Zoelen, A. Achouiti, and T. Van der Poll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

The Endocannabinoid System: A Janus-faced Modulator of Inflammationin the Intestinal Microcirculation

C. Lehmann, V. Cerny, and M. Matejovic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Remote Ischemic Conditioning against Ischemia/reperfusion InjuryP. Meybohm and B. Bein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Hypoxia-inducible Factors and the Prevention of Acute Organ InjuryS.N. Heyman, S. Rosen, and C. Rosenberger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

II Coagulation System

Are Microparticles Reliable Deleterious Effectors in Septic Coagulopathy?X. Delabranche, F. Toti, and F. Meziani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

The Inflammatory Potential of Fibrin(ogen) and its Degradation ProductsC. Jennewein, N. Tran, and K. Zacharowski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Iron Deficiency in Critically Ill Patients: Highlighting the Role of HepcidinN. Heming, P. Montravers, and S. Lasocki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia in the ICU: An OverviewY. Sakr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

III Acute Respiratory Failure

The Next Generation of ALI Genetics: Insights into PathophysiologyN.J. Meyer and J.D. Christie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Use of B-type Natriuretic Peptides in Acute Exacerbation of ChronicObstructive Pulmonary Disease Requiring Ventilatory Support

F. Dachraoui, L. Ouanes-Besbes, and F. Abroug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Acute Lung Injury in the ICU: Focus on PreventionI. Galvin and N.D. Ferguson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

V

IV Endotracheal Intubation

Rapid Sequence Intubation: Overview and Myths Versus FactsM.F. Yazbeck, J. Finkelstein J, and R.P. Dellinger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Research Priorities in Oral Care for Endotracheally-intubated PatientsS. Labeau and S. Blot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

V Ventilator Issues

Pros and Cons of Assisted Mechanical Ventilation in Acute Lung InjuryM. Gama de Abreu, P.R.M. Rocco, and P. Pelosi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Can ‘Permissive’ Hypercapnia Modulate the Severity of Sepsis-inducedALI/ARDS?

G. Curley, M. Hayes, and J.G. Laffey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

NAVA: Why, When, Who?C. Sinderby and J. Beck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Therapeutic Aerosols in Mechanically Ventilated PatientsS. Ruickbie, A. Hall, and J. Ball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

VI Cardiac Crises

Cardiac Mitochondria and Heart Failure: The Chicken or the EggS. Scolletta, B. Biagioli, and P. Giomarelli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Evolving Rationale for Minimally-interrupted Chest Compressionsduring Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

J.G. Wigginton, A.H. Idris, and P.E. Pepe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

VII Renal Aspects

Hypoalbuminemia as a Risk Factor for Acute Kidney InjuryM. Joannidis and C.J. Wiedermann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Developing Biological Markers: The Case of Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin in Acute Kidney Injury

A.A.N.M. Royakkers, P.E. Spronk, and M.J. Schultz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiorenal SyndromesA.K. Roy, B.A. McMahon, and P.T. Murray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Cardio-renal Syndromes: A Complex Series of Combined Heart/KidneyDisorders

C.Y. Goh and C. Ronco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Blood Purification in Sepsis and Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill PatientsP.M. Honore, N. Dobbeleire, and O. Joannes-Boyau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

VIII Fluids

The Lymphatic Vasculature as a Participant in Microvascular ExchangeJ. Scallan and V.H. Huxley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

VI Table of Contents

The Interstitium and Lymphatics have an Important Role in EdemaGeneration during Sepsis

Ø.S. Svendsen, R.K. Reed, and H. Wiig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Fluid is a Drug that can be Overdosed in the ICUS.L. Goldstein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

Crystalloid or Colloid Fluids: A Matter of Volumes?R.J. Trof and A.B.J. Groeneveld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

Meaning of Pulse Pressure Variation during ARDSJ.-L. Teboul and X. Monnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

The Fluid ChallengeM. Cecconi, B. Singer, and A. Rhodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Facing the Challenge: A Rational Strategy for Fluid and Volume ManagementK. Heckel, M.S. Strunden, and D.A. Reuter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

IX The Microcirculation

Mitochondrial Function in Septic ShockM.A. Puskarich and A.E. Jones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

How Can We Use Tissue Carbon Dioxide Measurement as an Indexof Perfusion?

E. Futier, J.-L. Teboul, and B. Vallet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Use of Non-invasive Tissue Oxygen Saturation Monitoring to AssessCardiovascular Insufficiency

X. Garcia, F.X. Guyette, and M.R. Pinsky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

The Microcirculation of the Critically Ill Pediatric PatientA.P.C. Top, R.C. Tasker, and C. Ince . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

X Cardiovascular Monitoring

Heart Rate as Prognostic Marker and Therapeutic Target in MODSS. Nuding, K. Werdan, and H. Ebelt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

Hemodynamic Monitoring in Cardiogenic ShockJ. Poelaert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

Non-invasive Estimation of Left Ventricular Filling Pressures by DopplerEchocardiography

F. Clau-Terre, J. Rello, and A. Evangelista . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

Hemodynamics from the PeripheryS. Romagnoli, S.M. Romano, and D. Payen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

Totally Non-invasive Continuous Cardiac Output Measurement with theNexfin CO-Trek

A. Perel and J.J. Settels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

Cardiac Output Monitoring: An Integrative PerspectiveJ.A. Alhashemi, M. Cecconi, and C.K. Hofer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

Table of Contents VII

XI Perioperative Medicine

Perioperative Hemodynamic OptimizationN. Brienza, L. Dalfino, and M.T. Giglio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

Perioperative Myocardial Ischemia/reperfusion Injury: Pathophysiologyand Treatment

S.G. De Hert and P.F. Wouters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471

XII Infection and Sepsis

A New Approach to Ventilator-associated Pneumonia Based on the PIROSystem

I. Martin-Loeches, M. Ulldemolins, and E. Diaz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract and Antibiotic ResistanceE. de Jonge and E.H.R. van Essen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493

New Treatment Options against Gram-negative OrganismsM. Bassetti, F. Ginocchio, and M. Mikulska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

Antifungal Therapy in the ICU: The Bug, the Drug, and the MugJ.M. Pereira and J.A. Paiva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

Mycobacterial Sepsis and Multiorgan Failure SyndromeS. Jog, B. Pawar, and D. Patel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531

Pentraxin 3 (PTX3): Possible Role in Critical Care MedicineT. Mauri, B. Bottazzi, and A. Pesenti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543

Role of IgM- and IgA-enriched Immunoglobulins in the Treatment of Sepsisand Septic Shock

G. Berlot, M.C. Vassallo, and F. Tartamella . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550

XIII Liver Failure

Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients with Cirrhosis and AscitesS. Piano, F. Morando, and P. Angeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559

Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure: An Entity Still in Search of Itself?L. Verbeke, W. Meersseman, and W. Laleman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576

XIV Trauma and Emergency Medicine

Cocaine IntoxicationJ.E. Hollander and A.M. Chang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591

Airway Management for Major TraumaC. Hommers and J. Nolan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599

Goal-directed Coagulation Management in Major TraumaH. Schoechl, W. Voelckel, and C. Solomon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611

XV Neurological Aspects

Understanding Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy SyndromeS. Legriel, F. Pico, and E. Azoulay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631

VIII Table of Contents

Prediction of Neurological Outcome after Cardiac ArrestC. Sandroni, F. Cavallaro, and M. Antonelli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654

Neuroprotection in Sepsis by Complement Inhibition and ImmunoglobinTherapy

F. Esen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664

Ethics in Disorders of ConsciousnessA. Demertzi, S. Laureys, and M.-A. Bruno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675

XVI Metabolic Disorders and Nutrition

Metformin and Lactic AcidosisS. Vecchio, P. Papa, and A. Protti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685

Energy Goals in the Critically Ill AdultS.L. Peake, E. Ridley, and M. Chapman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694

XVII ICU Organization and Management

Frailty: A New Conceptual Framework in Critical Care MedicineR.C. McDermid and S.M. Bagshaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711

Access Block and Emergency Department OvercrowdingR. Forero, S. McCarthy, and K. Hillman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720

Triage of High-risk Surgical Patients for Intensive CareJ. Sobol and H. Wunsch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729

Transportation of the Critically Ill: Moving in the Right DirectionP.G. Brindley and T. O’Leary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741

Should we Still Order Chest X-rays in the ICU?V. Ioos, A. Galbois, and B Guidet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753

The Effect of Light on Critical IllnessR. Castro, D.C. Angus, and M.R. Rosengart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766

Context Information in Critical CareG. Murias, B. Sales, and L. Blanch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781

XVIII The Future

Ambient Intelligence in the Intensive Care Unit: Designing the ElectronicMedical Record of the Future

B.W. Pickering, J.M. Litell, and O. Gajic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793

Simulation in Critical Care Medicine: The Next Ten YearsP.G. Brindley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803

Intensive Care Medicine: Where We Are and Where We Want to Go?R.P. Moreno and A. Rhodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813

Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823

Table of Contents IX

List of Contributors

Abroug F

Intensive Care UnitCHU Fatouma BourguibaAv. du 1er Juin5000 MonastirTunisia

Achouiti A

Center for Experimental and MolecularMedicine and Center for Infection andImmunityAcademic Medical CenterMeibeergdreef 9, Room G2–1301105 AZ AmsterdamNetherlands

Alhashemi JA

Department of Anesthesia and CriticalCareKing Abdulaziz UniversityPO Box 3164821418 JeddahSaudi Arabia

Angeli P

Department of Clinical andExperimental MedicineUniversity of PadovaVia Giustiniani 235100 PadovaItaly

Angus DC

Department of Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh614 Scaife Hall3550 Terrace StreetPittsburgh, PA 15261USA

Antonelli M

Department of Anesthesiology andIntensive CareCatholic University School ofMedicineLargo Gemelli 800168 RomeItaly

Azoulay E

Intensive Care DepartmentHopital St Louis1 avenue Claude Vellefaux75010 ParisFrance

Bagshaw SM

Division of Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Alberta Hospital3C1.12 Walter C. Mackenzie Centre8440–122 StreetEdmonton, AB T6G 2B7Canada

Ball J

General Intensive Care Unit1st Floor, St James’ WingSt George’s HospitalLondon SW17 0QTUnited Kingdom

Bassetti M

Clinica Malattie InfettiveA.O.U. San MartinoL.go R. Benzi 1016132 GenoaItaly

XI

Beck J

Department of Critical CareSt Michael’s Hospital30 Bond StreetToronto, ON, M5B 1W8Canada

Bein B

Department of Anesthesiology andIntensive Care MedicineUniversity HospitalSchwanenweg 2124105 KielGermany

Berlot G

Department of Anesthesia andIntensive CareCattinara University HospitalStrada di Fiume 44734149 TriesteItaly

Biagioli B

Department of Surgery andBioengineeringUnit of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia andIntensive CareUniversity of SienaViale Bracci 153100 SienaItaly

Blanch L

Critical Care DepartmentHospital de SabadellParc Tauli s/n08208 SabadellSpain

Blot S

General Internal Medicine andInfectious DiseasesUniversity HospitalDe Pintelaan 1859000 GhentBelgium

Bottazzi B

Research Laboratory in Immunologyand InflammationIstituto Clinico HumanitasVia Manzoni 11320089 RozzanoItaly

Brienza N

Anesthesia and Intensive Care UnitOspedale PoliclinicoPiazza G. Cesare 1170124 BariItaly

Brindley PG

Division of Critical Care Medicine3C4 University of Alberta Hospital8440–112th StEdmonton, AB T6G 2B7Canada

Bruno M-A

Coma Science GroupCyclotron Research CenterUniversity of LiegeSart Tilman B-304000 LiegeBelgium

Castro R

Department of Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh MedicalCenterCRISMA Center605 Scaife Hall3550 Terrace StreetPittsburgh, PA 15261USA

Cavallaro F


XII List of Contributors

Cecconi M

Department of General Intensive CareSt George’s Hospital and MedicalSchoolBlackshaw RoadSW17 0QT LondonUnited Kingdom

Cerny V

Department of Anesthesiology andIntensive CareUniversity Hospital50005 Hradec KraloveCzech Republic

Chang AM

Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania3400 Spruce Street, Ravdin BuildingPhiladelphia, PA 19104USA

Chapman M

Intensive Care UnitRoyal Adelaide HospitalNorth TerraceAdelaide, SA 5000Australia

Christie JD

Department of Medicine, Pulmonary,Allergy and Critical Care DivisionUniversity of Pennsylvania School ofMedicineBlockley Room 719422 Guardian DrivePhiladelphia, PA 19104USA

Clau-Terre F

Critical Care DepartmentVall d’Hebron University HospitalPasseig de la Vall d’Hebron 119–129080035 BarcelonaSpain

Curley G

Department of AnesthesiaClinical Sciences InstituteNational UniversityGalwayIreland

Dachraoui F


Dalfino L


De Hert SG

Department of AnesthesiologyAcademic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 91100DD AmsterdamNetherlands

de Jonge E

Department of Intensive CareLeiden University Medical CenterAlbinusdreef 22333 ZA LeidenNetherlands

Delabranche X

Medical Intensive Care DepartmentNouvel Hopital Civil1 place de l’Hopital67091 Strasbourg cedexFrance

Dellinger RP

Department of Critical Care MedicineCooper University HospitalOne Cooper Plaza, 394 DorranceCamden, NJ 08103USA

Demertzi A


List of Contributors XIII

Diaz E

Critical Care DepartmentJoan XXIII University HospitalCarrer Mallafre Guash 443007 TarragonaSpain

Dobbeleire N

Department of Intensive CareUniversity HospitalLaarbeeklaan 1011070 BrusselsBelgium

Ebelt H

Department of Medicine IIIMedical Faculty of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergErnst-Grube-Strasse 4006097 Halle (Saale)Germany

Esen F

Department of Anesthesiology andIntensive CareMedical FacultyUniversity of IstanbulCapa Klinikleri34093 IstanbulTurkey

Evangelista A

Echocardiology LaboratoryArea del Cor InstitutePasseig de la Vall d’Hebron 119–129080035 BarcelonaSpain

Ferguson ND

Department of Critical CareMount Sinai Hospital600 University Avenue, 18–206Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5Canada

Finkelstein J

UMDNJ, Robert Wood JohnsonMedical School401 Haddon AvenueCamden, NJ 08103USA

Forero R

The Simpson Center for HealthSystems ResearchLiverpool HospitalLocked Bag 7103Liverpool BC, NSW, 1871Australia

Futier E

Department of Anesthesiology andCritical Care MedicineEstaing Hospital58 Rue Montalembert63003 Clermont-FerrandFrance

Gajic O

Department of Pulmonary andCritical Care MedicineMayo Clinic200 First Street SWRochester, MN 55905USA

Galbois A

Department of Intensive CareHopital St Antoine184 rue du Faubourg Saint Antoine75012 ParisFrance

Galvin I

Department of Critical CareMount Sinai Hospital600 University Avenue, 18–206Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5Canada

Gama de Abreu M

Department of Anesthesiology andIntensive Care TherapyPulmonary Engineering GroupUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav CarusFetscherstr. 7401307 DresdenGermany

XIV List of Contributors

Garcia X


Giglio MT


Ginocchio F

Clinica Malattie InfettiveA.O.U. San MartinoL.go R. Benzi 1016132 GenovaItaly

Giomarelli P


Goh CY

Department of NephrologySelayang HospitalLebeuhraya Selayang-Kepong68100 Batu CavesSelangorMalaysia

Goldstein SL

Department of Nephrology andHypertensionCincinnati Children’s Hospital MedicalCenter3333 Burnet AvenueMLC 7022Cincinnati, OH 45229USA

Groeneveld ABJ

Department of Intensive CareVU Medical CenterDe Boelelaan 11171081 HV AmsterdamNetherlands

Guidet B

Department of Intensive CareHopital St Antoine184 rue du Faubourg Saint Antoine75012 ParisFrance

Guyette FX

Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh606 Scaife Hall3550 Terrace StreetPittsburgh, PA 15261USA

Hall A

General Intensive Care UnitSt George’s Hospital72A East Dulwich GroveLondon SE22 8PSUnited Kingdom

Hayes M


Heckel K

Department of AnesthesiologyCenter of Anesthesiology andIntensive Care MedicineUniversity Medical CenterMartinistrasse 5220246 HamburgGermany

Heming N

Departement d’Anesthesie-Reanimation ChirurgicaleCHU Bichat-Claude Bernard46 rue Henri Huchard75018 ParisFrance

List of Contributors XV

Heyman SN

Department of MedicineHadassah Hospital, Mt. ScopusPO Box 2403591240 JerusalemIsrael

Hillman K

Department of Intensive CareThe Simpson Center for HealthSystems ResearchLiverpool HospitalLocked Bag 7103Liverpool BC, NSW, 1871Australia

Hofer C

Institute of Anesthesiology andIntensive Care MedicineTriemli City HospitalBirmensdorferstr. 4978063 ZurichSwitzerland

Hollander JE

Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania3400 Spruce Street, Ravdin BuildingPhiladelphia, PA 19104USA

Hommers C

Department of Anesthesia andIntensive Care MedicineRoyal United HospitalCombe ParkBath BA1 3NGUnited Kingdom

Honore P

Intensive Care DepartmentUniversity HospitalLaarbeeklaan 1011070 BrusselsBelgium

Huxley VH

Department of Medical Pharmacologyand PhysiologyUniversity of Missouri School ofMedicineMA415 Medical Science BuildingColumbia, MO 65203USA

Idris AH

Department of MedicineUT southwestern Medical Center,Mailstop 85795323 Harry Hines BoulevardDallas, TX 75390–8579USA

Ince C

Department of Intensive CareErasmus Medical CenterPostbox 20403000 CA RotterdamNetherlands

Ioos V

Department of Intensive CareHopital Delafontaine2 rue du docteur Delafontaine93205 Saint-DenisFrance

Jennewein C

Clinic of Anesthesiology, IntensiveCare Medicine and Pain ManagementGoethe-University HospitalTheodor-Stern-Kai 760590 Frankfurt am MainGermany

Joannes-Boyau O

Department of Intensive CareHaut Leveque University Hospital1 Avenue Magellan33600 PessacFrance

Joannidis M

Department of Internal Medicine 1Medical UniversityAnichstrasse 356020 InnsbruckAustria

XVI List of Contributors

Jog S

Department of Intensive CareDeenathan Mangeshkar HospitalNear Mhatre BridgeErandwane411004 PuneIndia

Jones AE

Department of Emergency MedicineCarolinas Medical Center1000 Blythe BlvdMEB 304eCharlotte, NC 28203USA

Labeau S

Faculty of Medicine and HealthSciencesGhent UniversityKeramiekstraat 809000 GhentBelgium

Laffey JG


Laleman W

Department of Liver andBiliopancreatic DisordersUniversity Hospital GasthuisbergHerestraat 493000 LeuvenBelgium

Lasocki S


Laureys S


Legriel S

Intensive Care DepartmentHopital Andre Mignot177 Rue de Versailles78150 Le ChesnayFrance

Lehmann C

Department of AnesthesiologyDalhousie University1276 South Park StreetHalifax, Nova Scotia B3H 2Y9Canada

Litell JM

Department of Pulmonary andCritical Care MedicineMayo Clinic200 First Street SWRochester, MN 55905USA

Martin-Loeches I

Critical Care DepartmentJoan XXIII University HospitalCarrer Mallafre Guash 443007 TarragonaSpain

Matejovic M

1st Medical DepartmentTeaching HospitalAlej Svobody 80304 60 PlzenCzech Republic

Mauri T

Department of Perioperative Medicineand Intensive CareSan Gerardo HospitalVia Pergolesi 3320052 MonzaItaly

List of Contributors XVII

McCarthy S

Department of Emergency MedicineAustralasian College for EmergencyMedicine34 Jeffcott StreetWest Melbourne, VIC 3003Australia

McDermid RC

Division of Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Alberta Hospital3C1.12 Walter C. Mackenzie Center8440–122 StreetEdmonton, AB T6G 2B7Canada

McMahon BA

Catherine MacAuley CenterUCD School of Medicine and MedicalScienceNelson StreetDublin 7Ireland

Meersseman W

Department of Medical Intensive CareUniversity Hospital GasthuisbergHerestraat 493000 LeuvenBelgium

Meziani F

Medical Intensive Care DepartmentNouvel Hopital Civil1 place de l’Hopital67091 Strasbourg cedexFrance

Meybohm P

Department of Anesthesiology andIntensive Care MedicineUniversity HospitalSchwanenweg 2124105 KielGermany

Meyer NJ

Department of Medicine, Pulmonary,Allergy, and Critical Care DivisionUniversity of Pennsylvania School ofMedicine3600 Spruce Street, 874 MaloneyPhiladelphia, PA 19104USA

Mikulska M

Clinica Malattie InfettiveA.O.U. San MartinoL.go R. Benzi 1016132 GenovaItaly

Monnet X

Medical Intensive Care UnitHopital de Bicetre78 rue du General Leclerc94275 Le Kremlin-BicetreFrance

Montravers P


Morando F


Moreno R

Unidade de Cuidados IntensivosPolivalenteHospital de Santo Antonio dosCapuchosLisbonPortugal

XVIII List of Contributors

Murias G

Intensive Care UnitClinica Bazterrica and Clinica SantaIsabelCalle 517bis#1096 e/5bis y 71901 Ringuelet, La PlataArgentina

Murray PT


Nolan J

Department of Anesthesia andIntensive Care MedicineRoyal United HospitalCombe ParkBath BA1 3NGUnited Kingdom

Nuding S


O’Leary T

Adult Intensive CareQueens Medical CenterDerby RoadNottingham NG7 2UHUnited Kingdom

Ouanes-Besbes L


Paiva JA

Emergency and Intensive CareDepartmentHospital S. Joao4200 PortoPortugal

Papa P

Laboratorio di tossicologia AnaliticaServizio Analisi Chimico-ClinicheFondazione IRCCS Policlinico SanMatteoPaviaItaly

Patel D


Payen D

Departement d’Anesthesie-Reanimation SMURHopital Lariboisiere-Fernand Widal2 rue Ambroise Pare75475 Paris Cedex 10France

Pawar B


Peake SL

Department of Intensive CareMedicineThe Queen Elizabeth Hospital28 Woodville RoadWoodville, SA 5011Australia

Pelosi P

Department of Scienze Chirurgiche eDiagnostiche IntegrateUniversita’ degli Studi di GenovaLargo Rosanna Benzi 816132 GenoaItaly

List of Contributors XIX

Pepe PE

Emergency Medicine AdministrationUT Southwestern Medical Center,Mailstop 85795323 Harry Hines BoulevardDallas, TX 75390–8579USA

Pereira JM

Intensive Care DepartmentHospital S. Joao4200 PortoPortugal

Perel A

Department of Anesthesiology andIntensive CareSheba Medical Center52621 Tel HashomerIsrael

Pesenti A

Department of Perioperative Medicineand Intensive CareSan Gerardo HospitalVia Pergolesi 3320052 MonzaItaly

Piano S


Pickering BW

Department of Anesthesiology,Division of Critical CareMayo Clinic200 First Street SWRochester, MN 55905USA

Pico F

Neurology Department and StrokeCenterHopital Andre Mignot177 Rue de Versailles78150 Le ChesnayFrance

Pinsky MR


Poelaert J

Department of Anesthesiology andPerioperative MedicineUniversity Hospital of Brussels (VUB)Laarbeeklaan 1011090 BrusselsBelgium

Protti A

Dipartimento di anestesiologia,Terapia Intensiva e ScienzeDermatologicheFondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda,Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoVia Francesco Sforza 3520122 MilanItaly

Puskarich MA

Department of Emergency MedicineCarolinas Medical Center1000 Blythe BlvdMEB 3006Charlotte, NC 28203USA

Reed RK

Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenJonas Lies vei 915009 BergenNorway

Rello J

Critical Care DepartmentVall d’Hebron University HospitalPasseig de la Vall d’Hebron 119–129080035 BarcelonaSpain

XX List of Contributors

Reuter DA


Ridley E

Department of Epidemiology andPreventive MedicineMonash University99 Commercial RoadMelbourne, Vic 3004Australia

Rhodes A

Department of General Intensive CareSt George’s Hospital and MedicalSchoolBlackshaw RoadLondon SW17 0QTUnited Kingdom

Rocco PRM

Laboratory of PulmonaryInvestigationUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroInstituto de Biofisica Carlos ChagasFilhoC.C.S. Ilha do Fundao21941–902 Rio de JaneiroBrazil

Romagnoli S

Heart and Vessels DepartmentCardiac and Vascular Anesthesia andPost-Cardiac Surgery Intensive CareUnitCareggi HospitalViale Morgagni 8550134 FirenzeItaly

Romano SM

Department of Critical Care Medicineand SurgeryUnit of Internal Medicine andCardiologyCareggi HospitalViale Morgagni 8550134 FirenzeItaly

Ronco C

Department of NephrologyOspedale San BortoloViale Rodolfi 3736100 VicenzaItaly

Rosen S

Department of PathologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Centerand Harvard University330 Brookline AvenueBoston, MA 02215USA

Rosenberger C

Department of NephrologyCharite Campus MitteChariteplatz 110117 BerlinGermany

Rosengart MR

Department of Trauma/GeneralSurgeryUPMC – Presbyterian HospitalF1266 Lothrop StreetPittsburgh, PA 15213USA

Roy AK


List of Contributors XXI

Royakkers AANM

Department of AnesthesiologyTergooi HospitalsRijksstraatweg 11261 AN BlaricumNetherlands

Ruickbie S

General Intensive Care UnitSt George’s Hospital118a Durham RoadLondon SW20 0DGUnited Kingdom

Sakr Y

Department of Anesthesiology andIntensive CareFriedrich-Schiller-UniversityErlanger Allee 10307743 JenaGermany

Sales B

Institut Universitari Fundacio ParcTauliParc Tauli s/n08208 SabadellSpain

Sandroni C


Scallan J

Department of Genetics and TumorCell BiologySt. Jude Children’s Research Hospital262 Danny Thomas Blvd.Memphis, TN 38105USA

Schoechl H

Ludwig Boltzmann Institute ofExperimental and ClinicalTraumatologyAUVA Trauma Research CenterGonzagagasse 11–251010 ViennaAustria

Schultz MJ

Department of Intensive CareAcademic Medical CenterMeibergdreef 91105 AZ AmsterdamNetherlands

Scolletta S


Settels JJ

BMEYE BVHoogoorddreef 601101 BE AmsterdamNetherlands

Sinderby C

Department of Critical CareSt Michael’s Hospital30 Bond StreetRoom 4–072, Queen WingToronto, ON, M5B 1W8Canada

Singer B

Department of General Intensive CareSt George’s Hospital and MedicalSchoolBlackshaw RoadLondon SW17 0QTUnited Kingdom

XXII List of Contributors

Sobol J

Department of AnesthesiologyColumbia University622 West 168th Street, PH5–505New York, NY 10032USA

Solomon C

Department of Anesthesiology,Intensive Care and PerioperativeMedicineUniversity HospitalMuellner-Hauptstrasse 485020 SalzburgAustria

Spronk PE

Department of Intensive CareAcademic Medical CenterMeibergdreef 91105 AZ AmsterdamNetherlands

Strunden MS


Svendsen ØS

Department of anesthesia andSurgical ServicesHaukeland University HospitalJonas Lies vei 655021 BergenNorway

Tartamella F


Tasker RC

Pediatric Intensive Care UnitCambridge University NHSFoundation Trust Hospital, Box 7Hills RoadCambridge CB2 0QQUnited Kingdom

Teboul J-L

Medical Intensive Care UnitHopital de Bicetre78 rue du General Leclerc94275 Le Kremlin-BicetreFrance

Top APC

Pediatric Intensive Care UnitCambridge University NHSFoundation Trust Hospital, Box 7Hills RoadCambridge CB2 0QQUnited Kingdom

Toti F

Institut d’ImmunologieFaculte de MedecineUniversite de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance

Tran N


Trof RJ

Department of Intensive CareMedisch Spectrum TwenteHaaksbergerstraat 557513 ER EnschedeNetherlands

Ulldemolins M

Critical Care DepartmentVall d’Hebron University Hospital08035 BarcelonaSpain

List of Contributors XXIII

Vallet B

Department of Anesthesiology andIntensive CareHopital Jeanne de Flandrerue Michel Polonovski59037 LilleFrance

van der Poll T

Center for Experimental andMolecular Medicine and Center forInfection and ImmunityAcademic Medical CenterMeibeergdreef 9, Room G2–1301105 AZ AmsterdamNetherlands

van Essen HER

Department of Intensive CareLeiden University Medical CenterAlbinusdreef 22333 ZA LeidenNeterlands

van Zoelen MAD

Center for Experimental andMolecular Medicine and Center forInfection and ImmunityAcademic Medical CenterMeibeergdreef 9, Room G2–1301105 AZ AmsterdamNetherlands

Vassallo CM


Vecchio S

Centro Nazionale di InformazioneTossicologica – Centro AntiveleniIRCCS Fondazione Salvatore MaugeriVia Salvatore Maugeri 427100 PaviaItaly

Verbeke L

Department of Liver andBiliopancreatic DisordersUniversity Hospital GasthuisbergHerestraat 493000 LeuvenBelgium

Voelckel W

Department of Anesthesiology andIntensive Care MedicineAUVA Trauma CenterDr. Franz-Rehrl-Platz 55010 SalzburgAustria

Werdan K


Wiedermann CJ

Department of Internal MedicineCentral HospitalLorenz Böhler Strasse 539100 BolzanoItaly

Wigginton JG

Department of SurgeryUT Southwestern Medical Center,Mailstop 85795323 Harry Hines BoulevardDallas, TX 75390–8579USA

Wiig H

Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenJonas Lies vei 915009 BergenNorway

Wouters PF

Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Hospital GhentUniversity of GhentDe Pintelaan 1859000 GhentBelgium

XXIV List of Contributors

Wunsch H

Department of Anesthesiology &EpidemiologyColumbia University622 West 168th Street, PH5–505New York, NY 10032USA

Yazbeck MF

Department of Critical Care MedicineCooper University HospitalOne Cooper Plaza, 394 DorranceCamden, NJ 08103USA

Zacharowski K


List of Contributors XXV

Common Abbreviations

AKI Acute kidney injuryALI Acute lung injuryARDS Acute respiratory distress syndromeAUC Area under the curveBAL Bronchoalveolar lavageCABG Coronary artery bypass graftCNS Central nervous systemCOPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCPB Cardiopulmonary bypassCRP C-reactive proteinCSF Cerebral spinal fluidCT Computed tomographyCVP Central venous pressureDO2 Oxygen deliveryECMO Extracorporeal membrane oxygenationEKG ElectrocardiogramGFR Glomerular filtration rateICAM Intercellular adhesion moleculeICU Intensive care unitIL InterleukinLPS LipopolysaccharideLV Left ventricularMAP Mean arterial pressureMRI Magnetic resonance imagingMRSA Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusNF-κB Nuclear factor-kappa BNO Nitric oxideNOS Nitric oxide synthasePAC Pulmonary artery catheterPAOP Pulmonary artery occlusion pressurePEEP Positive end-expiratory pressureRBC Red blood cellROC Receiver operating characteristicROS Reactive oxygen speciesScvO2 Central venous oxygen saturationSIRS Systemic inflammatory response syndromeSOFA Sequential organ failure assessmentSvO2 Mixed venous oxygen saturationTLR Toll-like receptorTNF Tumor necrosis factorVAP Ventilator-associated pneumonia

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Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency …978-3-642-18081-1...in Intensive Care and Emergency...

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Transcript of Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency …978-3-642-18081-1...in Intensive Care and Emergency...