Annual Report of the Colonies. Gambia 1935...All pricea are net. Tkoae in brackets include postage....
Transcript of Annual Report of the Colonies. Gambia 1935...All pricea are net. Tkoae in brackets include postage....
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C O L O N I A L R E P O R T S - A N N U A L
N o . 1 7 5 5
Annual Report on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of
T H E GAMBIA, 1935
(For Reports for 1933 and 1934. s e e a y d J7lS respectively (Price 2s. each).)
Crown Copyright Reserved
L O N D O N
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[Colonial N o . 95.] £1 5*. (£1 6a. 9d.). CUSTOMS TARIFFS OF THE COLONIAL EMPIRE.
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COLONIAL REGULATIONS. Regulations for His Majesty's Colonial Service.
Part I—Public Officer*. [Colonial N o . 88-1.] 9d. (U)d.). Part II—Public Business. [Colonial No . 88-2J 1*. 3d. (1*. 4d.).
COLONIAL ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE LIST. 1st Edition, January, 1933. [Colonial No . 80.] 2a. (2a. 2d.). Supplement to 1st Edition, 1st January, 1931.
[Colonial N o . 92.] 9d. (10d.). COLONIAL SERVICE.
Report of Committee on Leave and Passage Condi :- >na for the Colonial Service. [Und. 4730.] 9d. (10d.).
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ECONOMIC CONSULTATION AND CO-OPERATION. Report of Imperial Committee, 1933. [Cmd 4335.] 29. (2a. 2d.).
NEWFOUNDLAND. Report of R o y a i Commission, with Appendices and Maps.
[Cmd. 4480.] 0*. 6d. (5*. l i d . ) . Papers relating to the Report. [Cmd. 4479.] 2d. (2$d.),
CLOSER UNION IN EAST AFRICA. Report of the Commission on Closer Union oi the Dependencies in Eastern
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East Africa, 1929. [Cmd. 3378.] 9d. (10d.). Report, of Joint Select Committee. H.Q. 156.
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K E N Y A L A N D COMMISSION. Report, September, 1933. [Cmd. 45fi6.] 11a. (11a. 9d.). Evidence and Memoranda. [Colonial N o . 91.]
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Summaiy of Conclusions reached by His Majesty's Government. [Cmd. 4580.] 2d. (2 id . ) .
ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE IN EAST AFRICA. Report of the Commission of Inquiry into the administration of Justice in
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T A B L E O F C O N T E X T S .
P A ing 1 A.
do. V I . P roduc t ion 16.
do . V I I . ( I ' l M l l l f M V C . . . 18.
.1 . . . V 1 1 1 . W ;»{>•; Mi ld Cu>1 of L i v i n g 22.
do. ! X . I'Mn«-:it i«»n and \\"*»1 fsi!•«* Institutions 2 4 .
do . X . Communica t ions and 1 ransport 2 6 .
do . X I . Its«nUtti
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Annual Report on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of the Gambia
1935.
C i i A r T K K I . H I S T O R Y , < i I K X . k a i m i v A N D C i j . V A I T , .
//is fun/.
T h e \\y>i E u r o p e a n * t o v i s i t the R i v e r ( i a m h i a w e r e A lu i se da
( a d a M o < t o , a V e n e t i a n , i m d A n l o n i o t t o ( s i d i M a r e , a ( i e u o c s e .
T h e v w e i e ( o n u u i s s i o n e d 1>\ P r i n c e l l e n r v t h e N a v i g a t o r o f P o r t u g a l
t o l e a d an e \ p c d i t i o i i along* the A fries* 11 r o a s t t o t h e sou th o f ( a p e
V e r d e . T h e y a r r i v e d in t h e R i v e r i 1 a m h i a in N o . l . l>uf o n l y p m -
e e r d e d a shor t w a y u p s t r e a m . T h e y r e p e a t e d t h e i r v o v a g e in i h e
f o l l o w i n g y e a r , w h e n t h e y p r o c e e d e d f u i t h r r up the r i v e r a m ! g o i i n t o
t o u c h w i t h s o m e ol" t h e n a t i v e c h i e f s . W h e n t h e v w e r e n e a r t h e
r i / e r ' s m o u t h , " t h e y east a n c h o r on a S « m d a \ m o r n i n g at an i s l and in
t h e s h n p e o f a s m o o t h i n g i r o n , w h e r e o n e o f tin- s a i l o r s , w h o h a d d i e d
o f a f e v e r , w a s l u n i e d ; a n d . a> his n a m e w a s A n d r e w , h e i n g w e l l
l o v e d , t h e y g a v e the I n l a n d He nan ie o f Sr . A n d r e w / * F o r s o m e t h r e e
r e n t u r ies a f i e r w a r d s t h e l i i s f o r y o f t he E u r o p e a n o c c . p a i ion o f \ he
( i a m h i a w a s l a r g e l v t h e h i s t o r y o f l h i< i s l a n d .
T h i s d i s e o \ e r y w a s f o l l o w e d h\ a i t e n i p t s o n t h e parf o f t he P n r -
t h'iiiJ'sc at s e t t l e m e n t a l o n g 1 t h e r i v e r h a n k s . T h e n n m h e r o f >ett !ers
n e v e r a p p e a l s at a n y t i m e t o h a v e 1 een l a r g e a n d such f e w as t h e r e
w e r e i n t e r m a r r i e d w i t h t h e n a t i s e A f r i c a n r a c e s . T h e E u r o p e a n
s t r a in in t h e i r d e s c e n d a n t s r a p i d l y d i m i n i s h e d a n d in c o u r s e o f t i m e if
h r r a n i c d i f f i c u l t t o d i s t i n g u i s h tin in f r o m t h e i n d i g e n o u s rare.-, e \ e e p t
f o r the f a c t s that t h e y s t y l e d t h e m s e l v e s P o r t u g u e s e , n f l e e t ed E u r o
p e a n d re s s a n d n a m e s , a n d p r o f e s s e d to he ( hnVl iam% ( ' n i u i n u n i i ies
o f P o r t u g u e s e d e s c e n t c o m u i u e d t o l i v e on I l ie h a n k s o f t h e < i a m h i a .
in s e p a r a t e v i l l a g e s w e l l i n t o t h e m i d d l e o f t he e i g h t e e n t h r e i i t u r v .
P o r t u g u e s e c h u r c h e s e x i s t e d up to 1 7. '»0 at S a n D o m i n g o ( n e a r
A l h r e d a ) , ( i e r e g i a ( s c . P o r t u g u e s e * * e g i e j a * \ ) n e a r K a n s a l a in F o n i ,
B i u t a n g a n d T a n k u l a r . T h e fur thes t P o r t u g u e s e s e t t l e m e n t up t h e
r i v e r w a s at S e t u k o ne;n* F a t t a t e n d . . .
I n 1.380 tin* t ln-one o f P o r t u g a l w a s s e i z e d b y P h i l i p I I o f S p a i n
a n d a n u m h e r o f P o r t u g u e s e t o o k i c f u g v in E n g l a n d . I n I . ; K 7 o n e
- o f t h e s e r e f u g e e s . F r a n c i s c o F e r r c i r a * p i l o t e d t w o E n g l i s h s h i p s to the,
( i a m h i a . a n d r e t u r n e d w i t h a ]>ro{i ta l>le c a r g o o f h i d e s a n d i v o r y . I n
t h e f o l l o w i n g y e a r A n t o n i o . P r i o r o f C ' r a t o , who l a id c l a i m to t h e
P o r t u g u e s e t h r o n e , v o i d to c e r t a i n L o n d o n a n d D e v o n m e r c h a n t s ,
t h e e x c l u s i v e r i g h t to t r a d e b e t w e e n t h e S t i ve r s S e n e g a l a n d
( i a m h i a . T h i s g r a n t w a s c o n f i r m e d t o t h e g r a n t e e s f o r a
p e r i o d o f t en y e a r s h y l e t t e r s p a t e n t o f Q u e e n E l i z a b e t h . T h e p a t e n
t e e s sent s e v e r a l vessels to t h e r o a s t , hut o w i n g to P o r ' u g u r s c h o s t i l i t y
d i d not v e n t u r e f u r t h e r s o u t h t h a n d o a l — t h i r t y m i l e s t o t h e n o r t h o f
the mouth o f the R i v e r ( i a m h i a . T h e y r e p o r t e d that the ( i a m h i a was
**a r iver of s e c r e t t rade and r i c h e s c o n c e a l e d hv the P o r f i m a l s .
F o r l o n g s i n c e o n e F r e n c h m a n entered w i t h a uniall b a r q u e , which was
be t r ayed , surprised and taken h v two g a l l i c s o f the P o r t u g a l * "
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2
L e t t e r s patent confer r ing ( inter alia ) the r igh t of exc lus ive t rade in the R i v e r G a m b i a were subsequently gran ted in 151)8, 1618, and 1C32 t o o t h e r adventurers , but no a t tempt was made by the Eng l i sh to exp lo re the r iver until 1618. T h e exped i t i on in I hat yea r was commanded by G e o r g e Thompson and had for it* ob jec t the o p e n i n g up o f trade with T i m b u k t u . L e a v i n g his ship at Gassan, T h o m p s o n proceeded with a small par ty in boats as far as the R i v e r N e r i c o . D u r i n g his absence the c rew of his ship were massacred by the P o r t u guese, but some of Thompson '* par ty managed on their return to m a k e their way over land to C a p e V e r d e and thence to E n g l a n d . T h o m p s o n remained it) the (Jambia with seven companions , but was ki l led by one of them in a sudden quarre l . In the meant ime a rel ief e x p e d i t i o n had been sent out under tin* command of R icha rd Jobson , who also made his w a y up to the N e r i e o . N o t w i t h s t a n d i n g the fact that Jobson in bib u T h e G o l d e n T r a d e " g a v e a g l o w i n g account of the commercia l potent ia l i t ies o f the R i v e r G a m b i a , the patentees, w h o had been invo lved by these t rading ventures in considerable losses, did not further prosecute the exp lora t ion of the ( Jambia but confined their attentions to the G o l d Coas t .
In 1601 the C o m m o n w e a l t h g ran ted a patent to certain L o n d o n merchants, who in that and the fo l lowing y e a r sent t w o exped i t i ons to the R i v e r ( j a m b i a and established a t r ad ing post at R i n t a n g . M e m b e r s o f the exped i t ion proceeded as far as, the Barracunda F a l l * in search of g o l d , but the c l imate took its to l l . In 16.02 P r i n c e Rupert entered the (Jambia with three ships and captured the pa tentees 1 vessels. A f t e r this heavy loss the patentees abandoned further enterprise in the G a m b i a .
In the meant ime t lames, D u k e of Cour land , w h o was the nephew and godson of J a m e s I of E n g l a n d , had in about 1601 obta ined from various na t ive chiefs the cession of S t . A n d r e w ' s Island and land a t Banyon Po in t ( C a p e S t . M a r y ) , Jufturc and Gassan. Se t t l e r s , merchants and missionaries were sent out from Cour land and forts were erected on S t . .Andrew's Island and at C a p e S t . M a r y . D u r i n g the nex t e ight years u very flourishing trade was carr ied on be tween the (Jambia and Cour land . In 1608 the D u k e o f Cour land was made a prisoner du r ing a war be tween S w e d e n and P o l a n d . A s a con sequence funds ceased to be ava i lab le for the maintenance of the. garrisons and sett lements in the (Jambia and in 1609 the D u k e o f Cour land '* agen t at A m s t e r d a m entered into an ag reemen t with the Dutch W e s t Ind ia C o m p a n y , w h e r e b y the D u k e ' s possessions in the G a m b i a were handed over to the C o m p a n y until such t ime as the D u k e should be in a posit ion to resume possession thereof . In 1 6 6 0 S t . A n d r e w ' s F o r t was captured and plundered b y a F r e n c h p r iya t ee r in the Swedish serv ice . T h e D u t c h thereafter abandoned the f o r t a i d the Cour landers resumed possession.
A f t e r the Res to ra t ion Eng l i sh interest in the G a m b i a was r e r i v e d as the result o f informat ion, which P r ince R u p e r t had obta ined in 1652 r ega rd ing the exis tence of a g o l d mine in the upper reaches o f the r iver . In 1660 a new patent was granted to a number of persons,
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who were s tyled the R o y a l A d v e n t u r e r s t rad ing to A f r i c a and of w h o m the most prominent were J a m e s , D u k e o f Y o r k , and P r i n c e R u p e r t . A t the end of that r ea r the* A d v e n t u r e r s sent an exped i t ion to the G a m b i a under the command o f M a j o r R o b e r t H o l m e s , who had been with P r i n c e Ruper t in the ( Jambia in 1 6 3 2 . H o l m e s ar r ived in the r iver at the beg inn ing of the f o l l o w i n g yea r . H e proceeded to occupy D o g I s land , which he renamed Char les Is land, and to erect a temporary fort the c. O n M a r c h I S , 1 0 0 1 , be -ailed up to S t , A n d r e w ' s Is land and called upon the Cour iander officer in command to surrender, threatening to bombard the fort if bis request was not compl ied wi th . T h e r e were only seven European in the garrison and the Courlanders bad no a l ternat ive but to submit. O n the fo l l owing d a y H o l m e s took possession of the for t , which he renamed dames F o r t af ter the D u k e of Y o r k . A n attempt, was made in 1 0 0 2 bv the Du tch \Ve
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I
in 1725 J a m e s For t was v e r y ex tensiv c l \ d a m a g e d b y an a c c i d e n t a l
e x p l o s i o n o f g u n p o w d e r .
A f t e r t hese s e t b a c k s t i n 1 A f r i c a n C o m p a n y e n j o y e d t w e n t y v e a r s o f
c o m p a r a t i v e p r o s p e r i t y . A v e r y d e t a i l e d a c c o u n t o f t h e l i f e a n d w o r k
o f t h e ( o m p a i i v s s e r v a n t s in t h e ( i n m b i a d u r i n g th i s p e r i o d is g i v e n
in F r a n c i s M o o r e s IVa v: ! - i n t o t h e I n l a n d F a i l s o f A f r i c a . *
F a c t o r i e s w e r e 1 e s t a b l i s h e d as far u p t h e r i v e r as F a t i a i e n d a and at
o t h e r plac< - a n d *» but ly c o n s i d e r a b l e t r a d e w a s c a i r n d on w i t h tin-
i n t e r i o r of the e o n t i u e n i .
NV \ •« r* hen s s , tie,* pit an a n n u a ! s i d e id \ f i o m t h e B r i t i s h ( i o v o r u -
nl f o r i l ie m a i n t e n a n e e o f t h e i r b n t t ie- A 1 r iea n ( o m p a n v b e c a m e
in i / i ' i n ' M ' nf i i i i i c i n v o l v e d m g r a \ e !ma uoia I d i l i ic nil ! « • - . 1 n 1 7 4 9
J ;>inv b e i n g so in g r e e t e d tin- chn f t r a d e is
g o n e d o w n tin K i \ e r S e n e g a l t o t h e F r e n c h f a e t n r v . " In tin* b l o w
i n g \ « a r i t \ \ ; i> report* d that t h e g a r r i s o n at d a m e - F o i l " w a s r ^ d u e e d
b v s i e k n f i o m t wej i t \ " - ! ive o r t h n t v m e n in f i v e o r e i g h t : a n d . t he
o f l i e e ; - b r i n g | j | d e a d , a c o m m o n s o l d i e r had - u c e r e d e d to t In-
c o m m a n d ,
P» \ t h e p o s i t i o n b a d I n c o m e e r i ; teal and an A e t o f P a r l i a m e n t
v | -a—< d d i v e s t i n g tin* A f r i c a n ( ' o m p a n v of i t - eba r t e r a n d v e i l i n g
it - i o n - and set 11« m e i i K in a U' w r o m p : o . \ . \\ hi '*h w n - c o n t r o l l e d b \
a « • t i inmi t t ee of m e r c h a n t s . T h e \ et p r o h i h i m d \ ! , r in w c o m p a n y
I lorn t a d i u u " in i t* c o r p . .i at e e a p a c h v bu ; a l l o w e d it ,-in muua i s u b - i d s
t o . ; !••• upl.ee p o f t he b e t s . It wa • h o p e d t I n n h v t o p r e \ e n t t h e
r . i o m » p « . h - ; m t< l a t e n c i e s of i u i e 1 >\ a j o i n t . - lock e o m | a n \ a in i at t he
}• a m e Huh t o m i \ t l he g o \ ( r umen t t h e ex pensc ent a in d b v t he e r e a l ion
oi a c o l o n i a l ci il s e r v i c e .
I n 1 7 ^ . 1 d i e fort and s e t t l e m e n t s in the ( i a m h i a w e r e b v a t i o i b e r
A c ! o i P a r l i a m e n t l a k e n f r o m t h i - new e o m p a n v a n d \ • - t e d in the
( " ' o w n . F o r the n e x t e i g h t e e n v e a i s t h e ( i a m h i a b u n t e d par i o f 11 m»
( . r o w o ( o l o n y ol S e n c g a m b i a . ( i o v e r n i u e n t h e a d q u a r t e r s w e r e at
S t . L o i i s al i h e moti t h o f the \ < r S e n e g a l and a S u p e r i n t e n d e n t
o f T r a d e was a p p o i n t e d t o t a k e c h a r g e o f d ana - F o i t and t he
set? len ient < in t i n ' ( i a* d n a .
I n 1 77n t l ' e F r e n c h c a p t n n d d a m < s F o r t t o r t h e f i f th and last
t i n ; " . O n t h i - o e e n - i o n t h e y s o - u e c t >.-fnll y d e m o l i s h e d t he fort i d e a -
t io i •> that a' the c l o - e o f the w a r it w a s found i m p o s s i b l e to i e b u i l d
t h e m . ! ' . \ : ' » . » ! f o r a 1 't'iei p e r i o d a f t e r t h e N a p o l e o n i c w a r s , w I n n the
i s l a n d w a- t< n. | o r a l i lv o e c n p n d b v h a n d f u l o f t r o o p s a- a n o u t p o s t .
#1 a m e - I - land im;im d to pla \ a n y pa r ! in t he h b i o i w o f t h e ( i a m h i a .
I n \7h,\ S t . F o u i s a n d ( i o r e e w imv h a n d e d b a c k to F r a n c e a n d
S e u e g a m b i a c e a s e d to ex i s t as a B r i t i s h c o l o n y . T i n ( i a m h i a w a s
t h e r e f o r e o n c e m o r e e n t r u s t e d t o t h e c a r e o f t h e A f r i c a n C o m p a n y ,
http://upl.ee
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I n 1 787 L e m a i n ( M a e ( a r t h y ) Island was p u r c h a s e d by the British*
g o v e r n m e n t w i t h a v i ew to the e s t a b l i s h m e n t of a e o n v i e t . s e t t l e m e n t ,
but n o t h i n g c a m e of the p l a n , the c o n v i c t s be ing e v e n t u a l l y d i v e r t e d
to o t h e r p l a c e s .
F o r the n e x t t h i r t y v c a r s Br i t ish i n f l u e n c e in t he ( i a m b i a w a s c o n f i n e d t o t h e o p e r a t i o n s of a n u m b e r o f i n d i v i d u a l t r a d e r s . S e t t l e m e n t s w e r e e s t a b l i s h e d by these t r a d e r s a l o n g t h e r i v e r b a n k s . P e r h a p s the m o t
i m p o r t a n t o f t he se w a > at P i s a n i a ( K a r a u t a b a i. T h i s s c t d o m e m . w h i c h
wa-* a l r e a d v in e x i d e n c e in 1 7 7 9 . w:\< o c c u p i e d b v a d o c t o r n a m e d L a ' n l l i 1 a n d a Tamils o f l b " n; • • i * * o f A n d e s . S u b s e q u e n t l y i n v a l u
a b l e a s s > t : , n e e svas ; e n d e i ed !iy b o t h L a i d l e y and t he A m i e s to
M a ' « o r 11? >ugh inn < 1 7 9 1 M u n g o P a r k ( 1 7^."> and 1 S d . l i and M a j o r ( i r e y ( 1 s | X i in t In' c o u r s e o f i l se i r j o u r n e x > o f c \ p lora t ion i n t o t h e i n t e r i o r o i ' A f r i c a .
I n 1 7 9/i . l a m e s \ \ i l !n vra- a p p o i n t e d ( ' o n . - u l < 11 n*• r;;I f o r S - a i e -g a u d - i a a n d wa.- o r d e r e d to p r o c e e d !o F a t i a l e n d a to p j o i u o l e B r i t i s h t r a d e ; ; i»d h i l l : e-nce i n the i i! p, r r < g m n s a g r e e d a> o a i ! of the t e r m - of the
t rea 1 v o 1 ' p e a c e i ha t t ie >e p l a c e s d i o n Id b«- re! urn " d to F r a n c e . ( ) \ \ i h 4
r e c o M i i u e n d a t ion OJ S i r ( i i a r l e s \ ! a e ( ' a r : l i \ and in o r d e r to > u p p r < > -
the s < is r x t e i i - d v e t r a f l i c in s!a\ .*. w i n c h w a s h. u ,g c a r r i e d on b y
A m e - ; c : ) \ and S p a n i s h \ i >-eU hi t h e 1 % i \ . • i • ( I a m b i ; , , t h e Brit;.*h
( t o \ r i ' i i i i . i ni i - - ; c d ii.st i \ \ > ' \ i o n - ihat d m e - . I d a i r ! OR s(»me o t h e r
M u t a b l e p l a c e in tin- r i s e r - l i o u l d b e iu'*• 11?»:. 11 a- a m i l i t a r y p o - t .
C a p ' . a m A l e \ a n d e r < i r a n t o f ih« A l r n a m ( "orps \va< au- - l a t e o i ; lie for ! it s\ ; > f o u n d to he
m e -tut a b l e a> a mi lit a r\ b a s e , O \ ni il l i d , I S I l i , < i • an: e n t e r e d i n f o a
t r e a t s svidi t h e K i n g o i K o m b o da c> !l- l't i!M ' h i d S t . M a ry < U l a nd
a n d t h : I l e t m - n t . w h i o h w i« e s t a b l i s h d t h -ae n ; h c: ih I l l d h u r s t
a it ei" t h e t I n n S e c r e t a i v of S> a! e fo r I b e ( »l« : ; , e - - .
In ISLM the A f r i c a n ( ' o i n p a u v w r- d > - o l v e d b v A < • I OF P a r l i a m e n t
and t h e ( i a m h i a w ; i< p l a c e d unde r l : i e j u i i m I i o ; i o n of t h e g o v e r n m e n t
OF S i e r r a L e o n e . T i n ( i a m h i a \ \ a> a d m i n i s t e r e d f r o m S i e r r a L e o n e
un t i l I n I o . svhen i: w a - c r e a t e d a s e p a r a t e c o l o n s . T b i - a r r a n g e m e n t
c o n t i n u e d unt i l | N f » d w h e n the ( i a i u b i a and S l e i r a L e . u i " w e r e o t i ce
m o r e u n i t e d u n d e r the s a m e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n .
I n t he m e a n t i m e t he U r d b h ( J o s » i m u c i n e \ o t i < b d it^ t e r r i t o r i a l
a c q u i s i t i o n ^ b e v o t t d S t . M a r \ ' < N l a n d b \ c o n c l u d i n g t r e a t i e s w i t h a
n u m b e r o f n a t i v e c h i e f s . I n hS'Jd the n o r t h hank at t h e r i v e r
m o u t h svas c e d e d to ( n e a t B r i t a i n by t he K i n g o f B a r r a . In the
f o l l o w i n g vear tin4 K i n y of K o m b o m a d e a s i m i l a r ccs- ion
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6
f o r libera ted A f r i c a n slaves as wel l as the headquarters o i a W e s l e y a n mission, Fur ther cessions o f other t racts of land near the mouth o f the r ive r and also further upstream were obta ined in subsequent yea r s . In 1856 A l b r e d a , which as a fo re ign enc lave in the m i d d l e o f Br i t i sh terr i tory had p r o v e d a constant source o f f r ic t ion be tween the Br i t i sh and French gove rnmen t s , was handed o v e r to ( J r e a l Br i ta in w h o in exchange renounced her r ights to the g u m t rade at Po r t end i c
I n 1 *7 0 and 1 8 7 6 negot ia t ions were entered into b e t w e e n the French and Brit ish gove rnmen t s for the e x c h a n g e o f the ( i a m h i a for other te r r i to ry in W e s t A f r i c a , hut the proposal aroused such opposi t ion in P a r l i a m e n t and amongs t var ious mercan t i l e bodies in K n g l a n d that the Br i t i sh G o v e r n m e n t felt unable to prcs* the scheme.
I n 1 8 8 8 the ( i a m h i a wan once more separated from Sier ra L e o n e and has e v e r since that da t e been a separate co lony . I n the f o l l o w i n g yea r an ag reemen t was a m r e d at be tween the French and Br i t i sh g o v e r n ments for the de l imi ta t ion of the houmlr ies of (he ( i a m h i a , Senega l , and Casamnnee. but these boundries w e r e not actual ly su rveyed until 1 9 0 . J - 0 6 when a B o u n d a r y Commiss ion carr ied out the w o r k .
I n the meant ime despi te a number o f pe t ty wars the G a m b i a g o v e r n m e n t had boen able to conclude a series of t reat ies wi th the pr incipal chiefs l i v i n g upon the banks o f the r iver . S o m e o f these p r o v i d e d for the cession o f smnll tracts of t e r r i to ry , but the major i ty o f the later treatries confe r red Bri t ish protec t ion . T h e last and most impor t an t of th^se wa* concluded in 1 9 0 1 wi th M u s i M o l l o h , the paramount ch ief of Fu ladu . I n 1 8 9 4 an Ord inance was passed fo r the bet ter administrat ion o f those distr icts , which had not been c e d e d to hut m e r e l y placed under the protect ion o f the Brit ish g o v e r n m e n t . I t was also found that in p rac t i ce it waa not feasible to adminis ter as port o f the c o l o n v isolated tracts o f land I v i n g at a considerable dis tance from the seat o f g o v e r n m e n t . Consequen t ly in 1 8 9 5 and the f o l l o w i n g years ordinances were passed br inging ' a number of these strips o f te r r i tory under the protectora te system of adminis t ra t ion. F i n a l l y b y a P r o tec to ra te Ord inance passed in 1 9 0 2 the who le of the ( i a m h i a wi th the e x c e p t i o n of the Is land o f S t . M a r y was b rought under the protec tora te sys tem.
(ieographji.
T h e C o l o n y , wh ich comprise* the towns of Bathurs t and G e o r g e t o w n and some ad jo in ing land, bus a n u r e a 0 f on]y ^ 9 S q l u m > mi les .
T h e P ro tec to ra te is a narrow strip o f terr i tory a p p r o x i m a t e l y ten k i lome t r e s wide on each bank e x t e n d i n g up the r iver fo r near ly three hundred miles from Bathurst . T h e G a m b i a R i v e r has its source near the v i l l a g e of L a b e on the Fi t ta Ja l lon plateau. I t flows wes tward f o r about 7 0 0 mi les . T h e r ive r is n a v i g a b l e for o c e a n - g o i n g steamers as far as Kuntuu-ur , 1 5 0 miles up r iver , and for vessels d r a w i n g Ic*s than t w o fathoms as fa r as K o i n a — 2 9 2 miles from B a t h u r s t - the easternmost v i l l a g e in the P ro t ec to ra t e , where there is a rise o f t w o f e e t d a i l y wi th the t i de . D u r i n g the rains the upper r i v e r rises some t h i r t y f ee t .
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T h e inhabitants of the P ro t ec to ra t e are mos t ly Jo lo f s , M a n d i n k o s , Fulas , and Jo las , nearly all o f whom are M o h a m m e d a n s excep t the last named t r ibe who are pagan , though the M o h a m m e d a n re l ig ion is ga in ing g round amongs t them and, as a result, they are g radua l ly d ropp ing their p r imi t ive customs.
Upper Hirer Province, compr is ing the distr icts o f W n l u K a n t o r a , Sandu and F u l a d u Fas t has an area o f 7 9 0 square miles and a population o f 4 3 , 9 9 9 . T h e g u t t e r number o f the inhabitants are Mat id iukos and Sarahulis with a rather smaller proport ion o f Fu las .
T h e H e a d q u a r t e r s of the P r o v i n c e are situated at Bas-v . which is both the largest town in the P r o v i n c e and o n e of the most important, r i v e r - p o t s h\ the P ro tec to ra te .
T h e Ustriets of Sandu, Kan to ra and W u l i are all relic- of fo rmer nat ive k i n g d o m s .
MavCarthy Island Province consists o f the Dis t r ic t s of Sanu. X i a n i , X ian i j a , U p p e r Sa loum, L o w e r Sa loum, W e s t e r n Xiam'ma, Laa ie rn Nia in iua , X i a m i n a D a n k u n k u , Fuladu W e s t , and M a e C a r t h v Is land. T h e area of the P r o v i n c e is 1,101 square miles and the populat ion 4 1 , 3 3 4 . T h e Headquar t e r s are at G e o r g e t o w n . T h e bulk of the populat ion is J o l o f ate 1 M a n d i n k o .
tioath Hank Province, includes the Dis t r i c t s or W e s t e r n Jar ra . Central Ja r ra , Hastern Ja r ra , Las tern K i a u g , Cent ra l K i a n g , K i a n g W e s t , Fon i Ja r ro l , Fon i Bonda l i , F o n i Kansa la , B i n l a n g - K a r e n a u Fon i Bre fe t , South K o m b o , Eas t K o m b o , Cen t ra l K o m b o . N o r t h K o m b o and K o m b o S t . M a r y . T h e area o f the P r o v i n c e ts 1 , 2 9 4 square miles and the populat ion 6 3 , 3 5 2 . T h e Headqua r t e r s are at Bakau , C a p e S t . M a r y . T h e M a j o r i t y o f the inhabitants ere Mand inkos but there is a la rge number of Fulas Iti the more easter ly Dis t r ic ts whi le the. Foni Dis t r ic ts ere l a r g e l y popula ted by Jo las .
North Hank Province has an area of 8 1 4 square miles and a -population ;,f 3 2 , 9 1 L T h e districts of the P r o v i n c e are L o w e r X i u m i , U p p e r X i i u n i , J o k a d u , L o w e r Baddibu , Cen t ra l Baddibu and U p p e r Badd ibu . O f these the three Baddibu distr icts are predominant ly M a n d i n k o in popula t ion; Jokadu has a m i x e d population o f M a n d i n k o s , J o l o f s and T u k u l o r s \ M o h a m m e d a n F u l a s ) whi le the t w o N i m n i s are main ly m i x e d J o l o f and M a n d i n k a distr icts . T h e H e a d quarters are a t K e r e w a m
Climate.
T h e c l ima te o f the G a m b i a is not heal thy though, wi th be t t e r sanitation and housing, condit ions of l i v i n g genera l ly have g rea t l y improved during recent years . T h e most t r y i n g part o f the yea r is f rom June to O c t o b e r , which is the w e t per iod . D u r i n g the remaining months the c l imate compares favourab ly with that of o ther .tropical countr ies .
-
Met prolog ica I St a t i*t /V*, 1935.
Cave S T . M A I I Y S T A T I O N .
M o u t h . M e a n A i r T e m p e r a
t u r e .
R e l a t i v e , ILUNI ITI I IV .
R a i n f a l l ( i nches . )
J a n u a r y 72-(5 4.s o - s o
I ' Y h r u a r y 7'2-7 4.*) ;
M a r c h 7\'JJ)
W u l i , U p p e r R i v e r P r o v i n c e o 2 * l 0 „
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C h a p t i : k 11. ( J n v k u x a i n x r .
If he m a i n pol i t k m I (I i \ i sin: is < d t he ( i ;i:n I a a r.n 1 tin* ( : > i o i : \ n ia
( i a m h i a ; i i m ! t he P i » » i I i: •'; ' ' -• • i \ , ; :
• 1:- ! h I 1 i : • • I ; a < < I > » a , e I a * - n ] \. • , * a , I ' , . ; a n.:. ; i • ( a . . ; • \ i -! , ; i. : -c C « - M M ! . \ ; : i r : : , i M P>; ; ' - . j ; K < e . ' n il \ ! a • , . ' . d . . ! ' . 11« li v i ' l • • '1 - 1 M ! ' t* 1 I * I V » ' I t i. 1 ! . - * 1 • • n ! ! • ( : • < \ .•; . • < > • ' • ! • • I i \ a K v *•:• • !» i \ < • •. ' a 11 •, | :" ia^• -\ i; I • J ' !,• v ' » . a » ' < . ' • • v
( . v -1»1)"n a > \ \ i f i>' ? a i j ' I * \ • a'a i -! i i a1 ••• • \ 1 : • a c \ ) \ : a . • i - . i d m ! , • • • 1 . . »
v • a m a I n i t ' t • ( ' u ! . i a " . • n w I ' a • i; t! i • 'i i n • < •, ;» 11 • k - in • i J : I - .
'm 11 a l * E { ' e I n • y ' . a ' a ' *F >
\ i ; a l I n c T a a a i M ^ a t l r " s.
J'*i t>!ft'/tf;'»/ii Sif.stril*. - N ^ h l i ! \ \ \ \ - ! »i \ \'\ H ! «|«'«•( I !>| l S ! > | >,\ ;m % h'( i in ii n*;•v
. ' I M ' h l i v - i a i H ' " - " . \ n . l i f i - . i i l \\ i; la id « ! » \ \ n !:iat \ M u 1 1 ; 1 ! a I 1 l a w s a ( a I c : i > ! o m • in ! ' a r c . ' in I !m P i , /, eat j » ! m - I n i l l ' ' Pl-ntia ' t .- . i T i " ' i t n ; i sSi.aii l i . M C
' s i i i K 1 I ' l l i r l a - P n v . i i l a ; : n a - niacin inai-a* : h i - 0 ; - d : n a n a n " . ' i ' l m
^ * ! ' « ! i 11:1. »!«•% • ilt In it ' I ! l In 1 p o w e r s uf i he ( " l i icfs ill t lm ! n | i n , \ i u ^ ! a in- : — % m «°) I . I v x a a v i l n m l I ' l m ' T and H e a d m a n sha l l ] h ) S M ' - s a n d
e x e r r i ^ i 1 —
( (l \ T i l e | » . » \ \ n s n | ' a C n n - m ' N a t ' a (»! ' t h r | » - an - , i n e l . M ' J m g
tll< p o w e i ' n r , j ( j- n r ; !p. S n | , » ,aue
T n , i . : . o . ' a a n . «a' ««i l i . - 1 ( 'niuun^**!'aier. .•! i n S U E H iu.-t: net ion.- a- !a n a " . i r . - m turn ! n l i a i " I < ' " H \ r ! ' . om ( l i e
A (hn in ' s t ra ina .a" n n u n ^ i o u m ' : o ; \ i ) r e - p . - r l n!" r |e a'e ^ o r
< > r d e r > o f I Im S ' I | i ' - i :m ( ' n i i r i . \'v!' e \ a i . i u a t m a . o r tn Hie
( ^ i i i ' S at P a : i:u: f ' ' i ' " x a m i n a i a a i and ( r i a l , o i e \ e r v
| i r r s " ! i ; i c i ' i ; - i I » i a l i v ^ ' iH;i«» n l c U ' " n r e a . n e . S I , E | j ;\a
murdta ' . r n ! ; i . e . - \ - . > ! ; . \ " - d e a ' in : : , w l . e ' l a a o f t l i e l i ' s " oi ;i
d i f f e r e n t L i a d . a>: i i . - ' i a ! l n e i ! ie d u l y o f e \ o r \ H e a d ( d u e l '
a n d H e a d m a n i n I . ! - u tm .ns l e t i d e a \ - o u r t o « ! i s e o v e r ( l i e
a u t h o r s o f al l s i n li o i l e u c c s / f T h e p r o t e c t i o n o f p e r s o n s e x e c u t i n g Chi ld ' s" o r d e r s w a s p r o v i d e d f o r
4 d > y S e c t i o n 3 2 o f t h e O r d i n a n c e w h i c h r e a d s H I v o r y p e r s o n e m p l o y e d
file:///ali/rfile:///-illa_ve
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10
" b y a H e a d m a n o r N a t i v e Cour t in c a r r y i n g into effect any o n h v ••lawfully made. shall have t ie 1 l ike protect ion for that purpose as a ••person authorised to execu te Proecs> of the Supremo C o u r t . M
Ord inance N o . 11 id* l N i H was later superseded hy the P r o t e c t o r a t e Ord inance o f 1 M l d and dur ing 1 an advance was made in the administrat ion of the P ro tec to ra t e b y the ena ' I m ' i i t o f the1 N a t i v e A u t h o r i t y and N a t i v e T r ibuna l s Ord inances . < N o s . I) and J o f 1 ! * . ' } : > ) • T h e two ( ) rd inanees . though each d e a U with separate matters o f detai l , are in fact d i rected to one common purpose, the development o f local se l f -government bv the Sey fo lu < H e a d C h i e f s ) and people o f the Protectorate* under tin* adv ice and supervision o f t!:e Commiss ioners A bo represent the G o v e r n o r .
The N a t i v e A u t h o r i t y Ord inance p rov ides for the establishment, and constitution id* N a t i v e Author i t i e s in tin* Pro tec to ra te and p o v i s i o n is made for the continuation of existing* S e y f o l u and A Ikalohi ( H e a d m e n ) as N a t i v e A u t h o r i t i e s .
It defines in far g rea te r detai l than did the P i o t e e i o t a t e Ordinance, I ! ) I o the duties and powers o f Sey fo lu and A l k a h l u in their e x e c u t i v e capac i ty . 11 confers on Native* A u t h o r i t i e s power to issue adminis t rat ive orders dea l ing with a great var ie ty of matters in regard to persons subject to their jurisdiction and also imposes duties in connection with the prevent ion and suppression of c r ime .
T h e N a t i v e T r i b u n a l s Ord inance establishes throughout the P r o tectorate a sysiem o f N a t i v e Tr ibuna l s with defined jur isdic t ion both criminal and c i v i l . It deals with tin 1 j ud ic ia l powers of S e y f o l u and A ikalohi . as ih»- N a t i v e A u t h o r i t y ( ) rd iuam;e deeds with their e x e c u t i v e powers . Sect ions dea l ing with f he removal o f p roceed ings from N a t i v e T r ibuna l s to the* Court o f a Commiss ioner and with the revisory powers of Commiss ioners reproduce in a clearer manner the rules winch gove rned these matters in the. P ro tec to ra te ( ) rdinanee 1!)1. '». O t h e r sect ions also reproduce the law which exis ted under the P r o tectorate* Ord inance l O P b until A p r i l UhV>. A t that t ime this Ord inance was. in v i ew o f the frequent amendments necessitated by the N a t i v e A u t h o r i t y and N a t i v e T r i b u n a l s Ord inances . 19O3, r e -enaeled in a consolidated form.
Commiss ioners no longer sit with N a t i v e Tr ibuna l s , which are now qui te separate from the Cour t s of the Commiss ioners .
T h e administrat ion in the P ro tec to ra t e STILL h inges on the C H I E F ( o r
S e y f u ) and the H e a d m a n ( o r A l k a l i ) tin 1 A l k a l i being responsible to the S e y f u for his town and the S e v f u to the Commiss ioner of tin* P r o v i n c e for his distr ict . Tin* A l k a l i is chosen by tin* people o f the v i l l age and his position is confirmed by the Commiss ioner . H e acts as the representa t ive o f his vil lage 4 in dea l i ng wi th G o v e r n m e n t and personifies the v i l l age communi ty . T h i s is exempl i f ied by the fact that it is the A l k a l i who allots, to those w h o need it, unoccupied land b e l o n g i n g to the v i l l a g e as a c o m m u n i t y . He» is bound b y t radi t ion to seek and to listen to the a d v i c e of the e lder men in the v i l l a g e .
In the event o f disputes ar is ing in the commun i ty which cannot 1m c o m p o s e d b y the fr iends o r relat ives o f the par t ies the A l k a l i , a l though a r m e d with no jud ic i a l powers , is of ten able by v i r tue of )m office t o
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11
net successfully as a rb i t ra tor and prevent the mat ter f rom reaching the
point of l i t iga t ion .
T h e S e y f u holds a position part ly established by legislat ion and
part ly inherited f rom the K i n g s of former t imes. T h e Mand inka word
for K i n g ( M a n s a ) is now a p p l i e d only to the G o v e r n o r who is, in
n a t i v e phraseo logy , the ^ K i n g o f JJathurst \ and this l i m i t a t i o n o f the
Avoid reflects the passing o f much of the old k i n g l y p o w e r s . V e t a
g o o d d e a l o f the s tanding a n d a u t h o r i t y of the K i n g s r e m a i n s , e s p e c i a l l y
in c a r e s w h e r e it is p o s s i b l e t o a p p o i n t as S e y f u on*- o f an o l d r u l i n g
f a m i l y . It is n o w the p o l i c y , t h e r e f o r e , t o a p p o i n t such m e n as fa r a*
p o s s i b l e , s i n c e on the a u t h o r i t y i nhe ren t in t h e n t l ice d e p e n d s a g r " a t
part o f t h e S e y f u ' s u t i l i t y a n d p r e s t i g e .
T h e S o v f u is a p p o i n t e d by t he G o v e r n o r on the r e c o m m e n d a t i o n o f
the C o m m i s s i o n e r , w h o has p r e v i o u s l y a s c e r t a i n e d w h i c h o f t he
c a n d i d a t e s has the h o t c l a i m o r c o m m a n d s mos t t h e r e spec t and
o b e d e n e e o f i h e d i s t r i c t . T h i s d i s t r i c t o p i n i o n is b e c o m i n g an i n c r e a s
i n g l y i m p o r t a n t f a c t o r in t he c h o i c e o f a c h i e f , A p a i t f r o m his
g e n c i a l a d m i n i s t r a t i v e d u t i e s and t h e s u p e r v i s i o n o f his d i s t r i c t , ( h e
S e x In is u s u a l l y t he P r e s i d e n t o f the N a t i v e T r i b u n a l 2. and
in M K m e a c h N a t i v e A u t h o r i t y m a d e a K u l e u n d e r w h i c h e v e r y
c u l t i v a t o r o f g r o u n d - n u t s in tin P r o t e c t o r a t e is r e q u i r e d to d e p o s i t in
the v i l l a g e s t o r e , a f t e r the w i n n o w i n g o f t he v e a r s c r o p , l b c h u s h e b o f
s e c d u u t s . O l t he a m o u n t so d e p o s i t e d f o u r busln Is a r e r e t u r n a b l e to
the d e p o s i t o r at t i e 1 b e g i n n i n g o f the- next p l a n t i n g s ea son , t h e r e m a i n
i n g bushe l b e i n g p l a c e d in t he v i l l a g e r e s e r v e .
T h e scheme 1 , w i t h the fu l l c o - o p c i a t i o n o f t he S e y f o l u a n d p e o p l e ,
l a s v v o i k e d v e r y w e l l a n d has r e su l t ed in an a d e q u a t e s u p p l y o f seed.
A m p l e s u p p l i e s o f h o m e - g r o w n f o o d - s t u i i s a r c n o w b e i n g p r o d u c e d ,
anal f r o m the s c h e m e t h e i r ha* r e su l t ed a c o n s i d e r a b l e g a i n in m o r a l e
and a more c o n f i d e n t l o c a l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n b y S e y f o l u a n d N a t i v e
A u tho r i t ies.
Loral (lortnintcht. In l !Kb) the I h i t h u r s t C r h a n Dist r ic t Counc i l and Board of H e a l t h , f o r m e d in 1 !KH f o r tin* p u r p o s e of adv i s ing
G o v e r n m e n t upon m a t t e r s relating to t h e w e l f a r e o f t h e inhabitants of
Bathurst . g a v e place to the Bathurst A d v i s o r y T o w n C o u n c i l .
T h e consti tution o f the new Counci l is the same as that o f the o l d , mid is made up of representat ives o f the various G o v e r n m e n t D e p a r t
ments most closely concerned in the adminis t ra t ion of Bathurst , o f six
M e m b e r s e lected h y the T o w n W a r d s of Bathurst . and of f o u r M e m b e r s nominated by the G o v e r n o r to represent commerce , industry
or other interests.
M e e t i n g s of the Counc i l are held e v e r y (pun te r . M u c h useful adv i ce
on inat te is affecting the town of Bathurst and its inhabitants has been
tendered to G o v e r n m e n t b y the M e m b e r s o f these Counc i l s both in
their individual and co l l ec t i ve capaci t ies , and the Counc i l serves as a
valuable l ink be tween G o v e r n m e n t and the publ ic .
-
(LL A T T K U I I I . P O I ' C L A T I ' . J . W
T h e p o p u l a t i o n o l the ( i a m h i a a c c o r d i n g t o ihe IJj.'il C e n s u s \xu<
10ihf;:iO o f w h i c h 14 . : i70 i n h a b i t a n t s n - i d - d o n S i . M a r y ' s I s i a i u l .
The . I s l a n d c o n t a i n s f e w i n h a b i t a n t s o u t s i d e t h e t o w n o l B a t h u r s t .
G e n e r a l l y s p e a k i n g tin* v a i i o m > r a c e s a t e d i > t r i b n t " d t h r o u g h o m 11:
! i . i m ; ;
. V - ' d i
7 s ( i
T o t a l 1 V h i J O
P e o p l e o ; a l l thi 'sc ) ac< s a r e i n c l u d e d a m o n g s t d i e m b a h i i a e t s o f
B a T urst .
"i ' . ; a l - l a i i s t i e s : - < r e c o r d e d in t in 4 I . 1 ol S t . M e n o n i \ , ,i>,
o w i n ; ! o the- i l l i t e r a c y o f t he p e o p l e , t he c o l l e c t i o n o f r e l i a b l e d a t a in
t he P r o t c e l o r a * e is i m p o s s i b l e .
T h e s ta t is t ics in r e spec t o f B a t h u r s t f o r t i e past f i v e y e a r s a r e as
f o l l o w s : —
U n t i l R a l e I m i i no.
Duiit.li U a t . per Inn.
Infant i le Mor t a l i t y (per l.unu l i i r th ,
!c 2 2 7 : ; : ; ! » 2-:5 . > - - i .>•>•> •2- I 2 !2
I :;:; . . .">:)1 •i-w : ; i i s : 2'ti' ... 1 '>• 1 -122 '
I .;.v . . " ,s i ; 2 " 7 4;Y2 : ; - ] s :; 1 U - s
A s r e g a r d s the a b o \ . f i g u r e s it is n e c e s s a r y to s t a t e that w h e r e a s al l
d e a t h s I n k i n g p l a c e in B a t h u r s t a r c r e g i s t e r e d ( c e r t i f i c a t e s o f d e a t h s
a n d b u r i a l s pe i m i l s b e i n g m p u i e d in all e a s e s ) , in s o m e i n s t a n c e s bir ths,
o f i n f a n t s , in p a : t i e u l a r t o i l l i t e r a t e p a r e n t - , a r c not r e p o r t e d .
It is l i k e l y , h o w e v e r , that r e g i s t r a t i o n o f b i r t h s w i l l soon b e c o m e
m o r e accurate* :i> time* g o o * o n since 1 p a r e n t s , i n c l u d i n g i l l i t e r a t e
p a r e n t s , a r e b e g i n n i n g to realise- the* v a l u e o f c e r t i f i c a t e s o f b i r t h t o
t h e i r c h i l d r e n in aelult y e a r s .
• \\K\l Census year showed a hirjje inerensc e>f populat ion. % VX)F> figures based o i es t imated populat ion of 1 t . - l o .
http://Duiit.lifile:////K/l
-
W i l l i r e g a r d to the i n f a n t i l e m o r t a l i t y r a l e tin f i g u r e g h e n fo r
1!) .V. i- f o r t h e w h o l e o f H a t h m s t : o f the ;>8ea i i ' j . i • m - i m ! a - f o i l - o x * . : — n . ' 1 ! in S< 1 7 in !M;5;5% .'),). o r t o
< d \ e s i c i u i l x h\ h o n d in thai a m o u n t . A i tin e . \ p u e t : o n o f e i g h t e e n
m e m o - !'i o m \ !m d a t e ' \ e m : i ' ' g » ' i ' a m ! >ia o r at " i. • eai l i c r pi i i o d , i i t !••• d e p o - i l o r . not h i \ m g » a o n a • d e - * i i u I •»x • una h ie to su npp : t a i : -
s e | ( d e p a r t s f r o m tin ( i a n l a a . i d - d- p o - : i i- r e t u r m d to l u m .
-
14
C h a p i k k I V . H e a l t h .
M u c h work must he done before the C o l o n y ean be s tyled hea l thy . In fan t mor ta l i ty figures remain h igh , and there are far too m a n y eases of p reven tab le disease.
T h e p rob lem is l a rge ly one o f proper and efficient sanitat ion, and to this the G o v e r n m e n t is p a y i n g very strict a t tent ion. A M e d i c a l Officer o f I l e j l t h was appoin ted dur ing the y e a r and there were large increases in salutary personnel. F o l l o w i n g on the \ e l low F e v e r outbreak in H K U , several thousand cav i ty -con ta in ing trees w e r e r e m o v e d — a s they were found to be prolif ic breeders OF the A c d c -m o ^ p u t o .
P u b l i c latrines were placed in appropr ia te sites, and inefficient b o u s e to house co l lec t ion of rubbish was replaced by t h e construction o* " la rge concre te Refuse Disposal D e p o t s at various points in Bathurst .
Inc inera tors were erected and worked sat isfactor i ly . Incombus t ib l e refuse was used for s w a m p reclamat ion. Inspectors wore trained in thorough house to house inspection, and
the larval index brought d o w n almost to ze ro . M u c h remains to b e done , but a l ready 1 h e r e i> marked improvemen t . 1 Jiseascs o f the digestive* and respiratory systems remain as fo rmal ly
the most preva len t in Bathurst , there hav ing been o . K i H of the former and 4,1118 o f the latter. {X\\l cases of malaria were h e a t e d at the V i c t o r i a H o s p i t a l . I h e incidence rises rap id ly dur ing the heavy rains o f S e p t e m b e r and remains high until the end of the yea r .
fl here is a steady increase in the number o f cases of t rypanosomiasis — t h e r e be ing (Hh'5 cases treated in Bathurst and 4 2 3 cases in the P r o t e c t o r a t e as compared with ;39o and 2 0 4 in 1 0 3 4 .
T h e r e are in Bathurst a European and A f r i c a n general HOSPITAL ( V ietoria H o s p i t a l ) , an Infect ious Disease's H o s p i t a l , two M a t e r n i t y and Infants W e l f a r e Cl in ics and a H o m e FOR Inf i rm. T h e s e * arc* a l l i n charge OF M i d i c a l Officers and there are Kuropean N u r s i n g Sisters i n the. Kuropean r.nd A f r i c a n Hosp i t a l anel i n the Cl in ics , wh i l e the* service in the P ro tec to ra te consists of a general h o s p i t a l at G e o r g e town and t w o e l ispeusar ie ' s at Basse1 ami Kau-ur .
-
15
C I I A V I T J I V . l l o r s i x c ; .
T h e 'whole quest ion o f housing i s engross ing ihe aiteaition of ( i o v -eminen t . N e w Bui ld ing Regula t ions are necessary as many of the structures erected are most insanitary and ve ry few are rat proof. A ••onsiderahle deg ree o f o v e r c r o w d i n g exis t s . Much t ime , thought n ami ene rgy vvill have to h e expended before it ca:i b o said that h o u s i n g condit ions are in any wav sat isfactory.
T h e nat ive houses in the P ro t ec to ra t e are g e n e r a l l y circular in *hape and e.onsimeted of wat t le and daub with eonieal grass roofs . In many places there* is distinct improvemen t both in type and const ruetion—but in near ly all eases there is inadequate provision for vent i la t ion.
T h e r e is l i t t le s ign o f an organised lay-out in the v i l lages and huts arc c r o w d e d t o g e t h e r — a condi t ion o f affairs only t o o suitable for ihe spread of disease.
A n organised a t tempt is being made to improve sanitary condit ions in the v i l lages , part icular ly in relation to protection of water supplies and hyg ien i c night soil disposal.
P r o v i n c e
N o r t h Hank P r o v i n c e
South Bank P r o v i n c e
M a e C a r t h y I s l u x l P r o v i n c e
I ' p p e r K i v o r P r o v i n c e
S t , M a r y ' s Island ( B a t h u r s t ) *
P o p u l a t i o n .
:J2.JM i
4 1,3-54
d o j j y y
N o . of Houses or 11Ml;
2 2 , ( i o 2
2 7 , 5 7 0
2 5 , 5 K { >
: i f 177
* Census figures VXU.
-
C n A r i K i : V I . P M > i > r e T i o x .
T h e ( i a m h i a >' a l m o s t ant i n ! \ d e | o n d e n t u p o n - r o a m d n u t o . h i \ a li »t>
vshieh f o r m s tIm s i a p l e c \ p o r t c n e p . T i m o \ o o » i c r o p , w i i • \ m • -s
i m m fn.u'»«» S i tMi i l e u / . r r a ; s < d m i P r - U »»v \ ! V i ' - i i i I ' a i m - i - . as
! : . , , , M a r x - |s : n a : •! • i o!' I a n oj , - oi -< • t !.a I i. a r- n -1
ii.:ii:< : ; i i • L r i ' a * a a j • . . . • i • - i a i • - . t ; i • ' i I • ! 1 ' o! ; i a > '! i : \ a \ . • > > ( - " ; L!'
. - ,i • • a r i 1 •,«i -»v -.vis. • i- ; a- '•••.», . t11 • • " • ] «I - • " - . , ! ; i r a i, ;» a » i • .
I • i , • a i; 11 - a i ,«< , i i i i N ,i i > a , » ; < a t. inn: ;, 1; • \ : •, , a a a: :; v o I
i •- ; 'i • * : ! a . . | o r 1 •'.• a I < o " - \ » i : 1 , :< a i . t ) v li:1*. i " • > a' •' -s''a j • i '. 1 • • i • •" i;
J ; " •; o ' o i \ a m a - of r» r.'iii \ < i : i la r. i ia \ a I >< - a r i k • . } . • .o ! • , < : .ye
•t- ! o " i i in jwr m o : ^ :..»:ov:s m v _ a , ; : a - u i i i i ' i i i lm L ' - ' i - a a ' l a . - k . L H ^ r i s
\ o : 11" i • -a * a a r«-:is im ! • a1 « \ a m m p . oi j pr, I iv t ic- A g i i mi l i iral P h p a r i m e n t \a ' l i
! m•;11 o a l i i c t r d n - a l l o : ! » • • p Iom ; i i a r c p r o a > i s i n g a A fa\s i n - ^ r c - ' . * I
( iuof- h a \ c M ' l i i c a i t l c in f o r I r a n i i m ; ' .
T i m h m a a g a m i v a i n • o f g ' - o i m d n u l s o \ p o , i o J IV .a n t 1 ; . ' ( ' o ' a i v
c l i i r i m j l l m )a>t w a r - w a c a> f o i l n w s : —
Y e a r . T o n s . I v ,^
l W i . S U o O f i J ^ o
l ! * : ^ :;7l:> l : ; ! .MjJo! i
7 i . s U ! ) ; >s7 . : ; i o ! ! ) : ; . ) - l / i . l i o : w ; s . s s . ;
/ \ a n > 11 o \ p u n i a « | o i- d o a . i;i p a ! m k e r n e l s , i i if 1 < a n « l v v a \ , h i
i ' 5 - ' ) . ! l i e o \ p o r ! > oi l l i c s e c o ; m n o ( | i ! ' n - s w . r c ; —
P a l m K e r n e l s li l o l o o s v a l u e
1 l i . l c s ik ' i j s | |;>s. | t o r , u
\ V a \ ^; . ; . ! )S!) | h s . L . a | 1
T ! i c ! ' ' » !> "in n r ^ i ' i i y i l a n i m a l i n - l u - i r y m ( l i " ( i a m h i a a l f l m u g ! i i( i<
• •-.I l . aaO'o! l i a i i t l a a ' e a r e u -ua ' i v a ' m a ! o * ) . ( s ' ; i ) h -a I oi c i : : ' , ' ia t lm
* ' o r » n \ a m i P r o m < I n \ a i o . A s l lm ( i a m b i a cons i s t s n u i i i l v o\ a n a r r o w
s l r i o o f l e r r i u u ' v on e i t i m r s a l e o f tin* r i v e r and m u c h
-
7 ~ a
amongst the bonis are numerous. i he ex tens ive French terr i tor ies
surrounding the ( i a inb ia act as a cat t le reservoir for the C o l o n y .
T h e r e is consequent ly a continual inoveinent o f cat t le to ami fro across
;he border a n d t he herd** a r e o w n e d b v individuals on both sides o f the
I o r d e r . A - t h e L e n d e r U -our. 1 r i ' M ) m i l e - hi l e n g t h the- e s t a b l i s h m e n t
o f ; n » \ e f l e e l i v e c o n t r o l o v e r the ura / . ie rs and t h e i n e v e m e n ! o f a n i m a l s
i m p r a c t i c a b l e . 1 ) u r i i . g 1 !K>.'i - n e e I J m 7 h e a d o f a t t i c a r c r e p o r t e d
i o h a \ e d . e d hip of e a t ! le m tie* i i a m i ' i a ib \ • ia» i app< a r t o < ;bt'er in k ind {» *u%» tha t
w h b h o b t a i n s ancmu"-1 o! h< r : : ^ . iu \ \ « si A f r i c a .
I la re .-t) let i \ -p ; a U in; : , no c m j $ n i, t u : i i . mv nc: • h ; p a ud m « v •! ea 11 le a re tea* p r o pe r i v ol h a l A i !ua! . I ' le* ov. m r e* I » - w v e r . - « • ! !n,n l b " p e » \ v » n
*vho g r a / e s : he h e r d a n d e o n \ e i - » iv i h a gr .c / . ior - a d o m o w a ̂ m o i e t han
a l e w h e a d of c r i t i c in t h e he rd w h i c h h e P a a i - . !aii h " b n - a a i b g i v e n
the n r . Ik a n d b n : ! e r a n d a c e r t a i n p r o p o r t i o n «>i d i e e a ! \ e * h o r n . T i n 1
g r a / a r> ; n t h e S o u t h H a n k l J r o \ i n c e a rc i i s i . a l i v d o ! a * . l a l i i e o t h e r
t h r e e I Y o \ i nc . - . p r a c t i c a l h ' a l l t i n * g r a z i e r * a r e K i d a •'.
1 h i r i n g A pri i a ia l M a \ o f P ' . ' l d i h c i ' h m f \ e p a a n a r v i )iii • r of
X iget la r n d the \ i t i r n a r v P a t h o ! e g i - t \ b i t • d I he count rv t«> inv« - t i g a i c
the ^ P u o a m a n d to.it I i t u* a - c h e m e f o d e a i w i t h r m d e r p c - o . A t t h e
c o n c h . ; d o n o f I h e i r \ m ! a n d a* a l e - n i t of i b n m \ e s t ig-a! a m - an
m u m ; u i / . a I ion sehemt . e \ i end nig* o v e r a p e r i o d ol li \ e y< a r- at an e - « i -
matc- i ( M - t o f t b b I I s w a on ! i o r v v a r d . T h i - s c h e m e vv s a n c t i o n e d
hv the S i * r< l a r v o f S t a t e a n d g ' a n t ^ net < \ ci eb l u J/ e m had! o i i ae
to ta l cost a r e b« iuL» m a d e i ' j om the 1 o l e n i a l D e v e l o p m e n t b u n d ,
r i i e . ^ e b c i i . e w a s c o m m e n c e d in N o v e m b e r 1 ! K b ' ) w h e n a \ e l e r i n a r v
t b h e e r w a s a e e o u d e d f r o m t h e . N i g e r i a n \ e l e r i n a » y I d e p a r t m e n t l o r t h e
p e r i o d N o v e m b e r l.i. 'b ' i t o M a v \\K)\. T h e Y e i e r h t ry P a t h o l o g i s t
f r o m that coun t rv a b o p a i d a s e c o n d v i - i t i n N o v e n 1 er and D e c e m b e r
1 SKb'J t o assist in t he p n l i m i n a r v w o r k .
I n O c i o b ' - r l ! b ' ) t . a \ ' e ! e r i n a r v ( • a* w a s s e c o n d e d a g a i n f r o m
N ' u ' c i i a a n d ita^culat i o n - w e r e c a r r i e d out in t he S o u t h H a n k a n d
V a c C u r i h y I s l a n d P r o v i n c e s .
In N o ' V i ' i n b e r 1 !*.*>.">. t he X ' e t e r i n a r v P a t h o l o g i s t w a s ,-ecN i g e r i a a n d c o n t i n u e d t o i n o c u l a t e c a t t l e i n M a c C a r t i r y i - l a n d
P r o v i i i c e .
T i i a ! the c a t t l e o w n e r s a p | r - e i a t c t l i e v a l u e
-
I S
C l I A V I K II V I L C O M M E K C K .
Imports und K,rports. Lftf/orfs,
T h e i m p o r t s f o r t h e last f i v e y e a r s w e r e as f o l l o w s : —
l : ' : s i . I KV2. \\y\\
X e r e h a u d e > e e r i e
••. ' .Ton
.">. I 11
• I . » < » • . »
! ."..'.•r.C
. O . i t o I S . V J S 7
T h e t o l h o \ iiur l a l a - 1 s h o w ? - t h e p r i n c i p a l M o n g o l i m p o r t s h u m t h e
H r i t i d : K m p i r e an.! f o r m g u c o u n t r i e s f o r t h o v e e r I J ' . ' W
i ' ? . i t ' « | | S r i i i d i K i rig* I* o p | ' « i s - r s
s a o . ( '«Mintrit '^ l O T A !,
A i:. i' u . v Va in- V a l u e , V a l u e U n a a l i l v. Villi
e c
A p p a r e l . I . 7 7 S IS ; ; a : > < > Hags a m i S a n k . . . :>();; : i . s s ; » ri->s l ^ . ' . s ' . i ; ; „ „ . • u a < ; {ft) B o o t s . S h o e s
a m i S l i p p e r s . . . a ; ; • a 7 •1 U » : m •>•• ' . ' 7 S i -»i ,"».7 .*IIS — « ; . s ; , 7 K i t h i - N ' i i i s — ."»i .:».s7 IS ;V>.( I .V» M•>.*'>
-
19
T h e percentages of British and foreign imports , exc lus ive of s p e r m ,
we re as fo l l ows : —
( 'mmtpv . I .
1 ' n h e i l K i o . ' n m n . . . • »
. < .i .(V.">| ! •ia:\ l a i i N h P o s s e s s i o n s . . . ! i . 1 5 1.VH7 1 (i.lilJ '.i
T«» t ; u - l i r i l i s l i K m p i i v a As '»7.( in » .1.7:. 7 * * »
. f ' m m e
O t h e r C o u n t r i e s . . . • • 1
» r 1
! l . 7 o I \\K\h
'.».nt; < . ~ i in
T « )ta 1 I ' o r o i - m ( n n . i ri s 17 ..sj ;; • > — ) i
f l I.* i o M o W | V o l e s h o w s ! h • C M ' a r a M \ e : » \ i ' I M • . < ' ) • J »
< t h e p i a e i p a l i ' c m - o f i i i j » o r t - f • ^ r 1 u e ! a : a
- — — — — — . . . . • -~ Art r V . !. \ ' 1 a »' i a ;: » i
,i. >• V / * /
C» 't « ! ! ( p r i ' t o l l , » i ! i i, i , , . < . \! I I . 0
( ' < . , . ! | M i ' t o n • } O s 1 • i ~ . . . f ,s I A ' f *
C« "! ( o i j 1 ' j , M e ( U)t 't 1 s
v - i . i > H . ! ) , ! :\ T ! P . i ' i
. *
( V S h U i \ ; ' !•!! m r !!>. «» 1 . * < ) 1. I l l I t.'. . , I ! i i ,
!• I « a i r \ Y h ' a l i i i p- r m v i . n I I . 1 1 1 •) (', | n | ! ) , 1 o s t ) i : .
K o l a X H i S | »e|- c \ v | , 1 I I . «*'» 1 ! ii ! i:>. : A i 1 i *. \ 1 o
( h i s K i l i h l o p . - r o ; , | | . u -J. 0 *> . " • ! ' ) i . *-' • t : i > . ( ) 7
P i c e p r r r \ \ t . o p . • > ;
• ' i 0 7 ! (i 7. I ;• o I 1 t .
Salt p e r torn. \? n. »'; 1 1 » •
I ; ! 11. " ! < I . » 1 id .
S a u a r p e r e \ v ! . 0 17. 0 ( i 1 < . (i 17. IR. i) N . N r l > • V e r Ih. 0 i . 0 t . o 1. ;i o i i) i . *
Tin* e x p o r t s f o r t h e last fix e y i a i r s i n c l u d i n g s juane w e r e as f o l l o w s : —
I'.I;I:'.. R.I;;I . R.I:;;..
ii F . _ . . „ _
M I ' I V L I A N D I S O .727a 11 4«M>.fctJ.U .VI " ) ,20S 4 0 1 . 8 1 9 : , » 9 2 , 7 2 4 S P E D C . . . 2 , 7 0 1 1 9 9 , 0 2 0 5.'J,9()0 1 0 3 , ^ 8 0
T O T A L 5 2 9 , 8 7 2 ( » 0 C , 5 U 5 1 3 , 2 0 8 4 5 5 , 7 4 9 i
4 9 0 , 7 0 4
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T h e f o l l o w i n g tahle shows the pr incipal items of expor t s to the Bri t ish ICmpire and fore ign countries for the year U h l o .
< 1 roundnui Hii Pa lm Kernels. Country.
Tons. Vuliii-. U.S. ; Value . Tons. Value .
V I V M
U n i t e d K i u u d o t n . . . M. .T27 S l I .O lO :>7\ -107 U r t i s h p o s s e s s i o n s • h — --- - -B e l g i u m '.'.!;")! . . . . — D e n m a r k 7('..«;:!-2 — - . — . . . . . . F r a n c e . . . — — T i . n l S o h ; - - • - — (i(M'||);UlV I.2'.''.* U u ' J
H o l l a n d * - — O t h e r < ' o t t n t r m s . . . ;$oi 2.1.V2 — — -
T o t a l s i:».i 10 ,")(i.s.3S7 l . u o o
T h e p e r c e n t a g e s o f B r i t i - h and f o r e i g n e x p o r t s . e x « d u - i v e o f s p e c i e ,
w e r e as f o l l o w s : —
VXU. \y.vi. 10:'.:'.. 1 •.';'> 1. • r.»:;.-,.
r: (i / / (
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Shipping.
T h e percen tages o f sh ipp ing of var ious nationali t ies for the last
f ive vcars were as fo l lows : —
I \\w\± vx\;i. \;VI o 7 . 2 ^t l .7 . i .T. ' i l o/i.7-1-i
1-VoiM'h L'.T.O 2 I .N !.>.;> 7 \\.\W\
l uuc i i -i.:: 2.7 -J.") 1.7! !..*;>
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( i l A P I K i : V I I I . W v o K S A N D C n M f r o m F r e n c h t e r r i t o r y e m or I Jnthut >t
j o t . S t a e i e m p l o \ n m i . U w h i l s t in the I h ot e r t o r a f e u i i i nhm > C I R h r e n e h ])a • t v c > ar« e m n h » v e d h v t h e !oea I la t nn a> i n - o w a ud ha r v e - l in;'; t i e
o 1 1 > i: j , t ] i; i. t n o p . I n l . o l h ea.- tin* m a j o r i t y e l i h c s e i m n o a i ant.«
ie t \ u to t h e t r h o m e - w h e n t la* m a.-on i s o v a ; ,
A* /*/'
T ! n - a l e s o f ] » a v l o r a r t U a u - s n e h an r : o p • nt M>, h l a e k ^ m i t ! i s ? fkt < • . . .av -ou % 111 o i p a i n t e r • r a m / c f r o m n» a d a \ > > h o u r - : ,
I a - k i l L a i l a h o u i v r s ma v he e )e - : - i l h ' d i\r> u h< • a * ; —
; I h o - e «-n a i n o u t ! i : \ ' W a jo* .
• * i tho>e on a d a i i N v ,a t^a a n d
• } i 'a , , i i ! l a o o u n r
• • .» ! M i i h ' O : n l'l » \ ed h y m e l e n m i l e l i l l i e . « - I . m o l l ! h!\ I a ' -» c u m - , a m < n t h ! \
is.-;:" o i *l o i k - , o i » • e • * i n a o d it m i l .
> • ; a i -d> d h d l a ho n ei .- [ ( ,ua .-aid t a r \\ o : hule !a l a a i r is < m p l o \ a d t h e e o n d i i i o n - ( d e m p h o n u n t a r e
M U u l a i i o t l a v e o k i a m h i L i in the ea -e ot t h e 1 ' h e U i h ,-id m e t s r e i e i t i d j o a h o v e .
I n t h e I V o t e r t u r a i e % r i ca* a n d g u i m a - e o r n Form t h e s t a p l e d i e t o f t h e
p e o p h , w h i ' . - l a e o n > i i h in 1 do a n a a m ! oi h r e a d . s u p a r . s:iit a n d lish i -e o n s u n a d . M o r e r i e e is e o u s u m e d in I>a t luu>t e > p e e i a l l v h y t h e
f o r e i g n lal
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2 3
l .> : i / ) ' a v e r a g e ; I !U.">
R i c o p e r h a g -a iM o i h s . 2 o / - o -V-
S a i t d m h;im
out la v o f an uuuia r r i ed j u n i o r ( t n v c r n i i r i i l ( ) 11 i * * i: 11 !i \ aim' in ! h* 1 Um t :
S e r v a n t s . . . . . . . . . 7l; i d c l o t h i n g w h i e h is p u r c h a s e d
in E n g l a n d .
M o a t and g r o u n d n u t s a r c s o m e t i m e s s u h s t i t u l e d l o r ti>h a n d i : e o
and tlx* d a i l y o x p e n d i l u r e is t h e n i n c r e a s e d h y a h o n t I d .
T i n 1 a v e r a g e l a h a u r . r s p e n d s v e r y l i t t l e o n h o u - m - i v n t and r l n l h m g —
p r o h a h l v not m o r e than o / - a m o n t h on an a v e r a g e .
T h e eo>t o f l i v ' n g i n i ho 1 V o : < r t < a \ a l e f o r a l a h o u r e r w h o p : o \ i d < a
fo r h i m . - e i r is r a t h e r l e v - Mian in l i a t h i n s t .
T l i c p r i c e s o f f o o d v . u d s a i ' e g n a a ' a l l v h o v e r t han d m - ' i h ' - a d u g
he f o r e t h e w a r . I h e f o l l o w i n g l a U e ; ; i \ e - > m m e \ a m p l e > : —
file:///arie-file:///cgotahles
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2 4
C I I A P T K K I X . K M C A T I O X A N D W K U A U K INS R N I I I O X S .
S i n c e l!)( j ;> I v l u o a t i o n in t h e < i a m h i a h a s b e e n c o n t r o l l e d h y t h e
Pioard o f K d i a a t i o n o f w h i c h the* G o v e r n o r hud h e e n t in ' P r e - i d e m ,
M e m b e r s o f ' b e H o a r d i n c l u d e d the i n n n l i c r s ol ' ' h e L e g i s l a t i v e
( ' ( i m e i h t i i e S r . i ' e r i n i e i a l e u t o f K d u c a t imu ami M i c h o i l i e r i n r i n L r h ,
r o t e x c e c d i m v ; six in nu inbmx a s m i e h t b< - a p p o i n t e d hy t h e ( m a ' a i u i ,
A t t h e e r a ! o r N o v e m b e r , 1 !)."•.>, a s a w K d uea t a n O r d i u a n e e < a m - '
i n t o b » r o " . l i ha• ; b e e n d r a f t e d w i t h a v i e w to p l a c i n g t h e m e t h o d oi '
a - M - s i n e G » a m — i . i - A id on a t n o . e r o g u i a r i . M M b a s i - . m a k m g p i " V ] - i m i ,
i u i t i -e | ;ue> m h L ' d a ! ion in o l ! ' i ( ' o -ou i •' >, l o r t h e t o o re e | ) I E I . | I «
^ a | ( r \ ISI< i; o i t h e w c k o'OTIE u 2 >eh« ' o b . a t a I m a k i n g t h • I >• »a i d * »i
I 'a i u e a l ion a u c ; \ BORV !,I d \ w i (h a w id • r a ml 1 n e r M a m e ! o r e r i l i e i > m
a ia i d :S( i i— a u . i h e n< w P o a i d o i h d u e a i i o n . p p - a h d o v e r b \ t h e
S I; | ID ml ei d - 1.1 ot .Kd uea! i o n . < o i >: A - ol u n a r ep r e sen t a 11 ve I r 'mi * - a e h
I ' l ^ . a u j i o i e d e e a t i e n a l I o d v \NOIK;m: ' m t h e i o i o u v o r I ' m ; . EI« a - a ! e
a j m o ' i i t e d bv ih e h n o b l a a i l " ' l < a e a
b \ i h e S e p ' a . n ; * talent o f fa I uea I NAI a n d JM a d \ : - e u . i a ' M i i i "
t l a a e o i i - to I e E u a 111 a a a i In d i e G o v e r n o r a u v c h a n g e s m i e g , 1 1 : , I j , | } ^
and to m a l e a u v i c p o r i s w h i c h it m a v e o n idi r i K r r ^ m a en m a t : e : <
oi in;; ( c - j i ; < * . ; } \ mo- ed uea 1 lo l l .
T h e la*.e! a d 111 i n i-11 a e» I b y the S u p ( l intc J a ba i l o i i a i ia :? j - a . a
O t h c e r - : n - ( ha t g o o f the A r m i t a g e S e h o o l I'm* t h e s o n s a n d r e l a t i v e s , o f
C h i e f s .
K I e m e n j , i i \ a n d s e c o n d a r y e d u c a t i o n a r e p r o v i d e d b y the M i s s i o n s
\ \ ' \ \ \ \ i h e a id o f ( i n v r n i i i i c i i ! g r a n ' s , a n d a C o m m i t t e e o f l e a d i n g
M o h a m m e d a n s i n n s the M o h a m m e d a n S c h o o l , a n c l e m e n t a r v s c h o o l ,
i l e a ' si h o o b : a re al l a i d e d h v g r a n t s f r o m G o v e r n m e n t w h i c h
m a i n t a i n s n b o a M a n u a l T r a i n i n g C e n t r e ; Jt . i b e P u b l i c W o r k s
D e p a r t i n e n i , T h e r e i> no u n i \ e r s i t \ c d u c a t ' u ) m
T h e r e a r e - i x e|< m e i i t a r y s c h o o l - in I b ; i h t ; r - t w h i c h , i a 1 M.'J/i. h a d a
t o i a l o f l .!Jo'J p u p i l s on t h e r e g i s t e r s ( K b / i O b o s s a n d o()j? g i r ! - t a n d
a n a v e r a g e u t t e m i a n e e o f !>S2. T h e s e sc i iool . - p i o v i d e e d u c a t i o n up to
t h e s e r i a l ! I, s t a n d a r d .
d he re a ; e l o u r s e c o n d a r v s c h o o l s in P a i h u r s t t w o l e r b o \ s a n d t w o
f o r g i r l s , w h i c h a r e m a i n t a i m d b y t h e i ' m . i a u C a t h o l i c and M e t h o d i s t
M i s s i o n s . ' I h e t o t a l n u m b e r s o n t h e r< e j - ! e ' ' s in 1 fj.'io w e r e . ;S b o w s
a n d SS o ir is w i; h a \ a a a g e a t t e n d a n c e s i f a n d r e spec t i \ e l \ \
S c h o l a r s h i p . s t o t h e s e s e c o n d a r y s c b o o U ;o-c g i v e n e a c h y e a r b v t h e
( i o v o r n m e m .
In IJK')() a T e a c h e r T r a i n i n g S c h o o l w a s o p e n e d in IJa thurs t , a n d in
15)?>o t h e r e \\a r e n i n e s t u d e n t s on tie* r e g i s t e r .
In t h e P r o t e c t o r a t e t h e r e is a ( i o v e r n n i c i i t board ing s c h o o l at
G e o r g e t o w n in t he M a t ' C a r t h y I s l and .Prov ince , f o r t h e sons and near
re la t ives o f C l o c f s , with 4 2 o n the regis ter . It is f e l t that i t i o r e c a n
be done to i m p - e v e condi t ions among the P r o t e c t o r a t e peop le b y
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t ra in ing tlie suns of ( l ie rulers and leaders of ( l ie people than by o p e n i n g several small schools which would have only a local effect. T h e M e t h o d i s t Miss ion maintains a small day school in G e o r g e t o w n , and the A u g l i e a n Miss ion two day schools (unass is ted) in the P r o t e c t o r a t e .
A commi t t ee was appointed in 11)32 to d raw tip a revised syl labus fo r use in the Hal hurst e l emen ta ry schools. T h e new syllabus, a f t e r a p p r o v a l by the Hoard of Fd i i cu t ion , came into use on the 1st -January, 15*34, and has it is hoped considerably assisted educat ional progress in the ( i a m h i a .
T h e f o l l o w i n g examina t ions wore held dur ing the yea r : C a m b r i d g e •Junior and P r e l i m i n a r y Kxani inut ions ; Cler ica l S e r v i c e s K x u m i n a t i o n ; E l e m e n t a r y Schools S tandard V I I E x a m i n a t i o n .
Welfare Institutions, efe.
F r e e M e d i c a l T r e a t m e n t is p r o v i d e d at the var ious G o v e r n m e n t H o s p i t a l s and Dispensar ies for those unable to pay fees. A s s tated in C h a p t e r I V the G o v e r n m e n t mainta ins two M a t e r n i t y and Children** W e l f a r e Cl in ics and also a H o m e for the Inf i rm. T h e r e are nr phi lanthropieal institutions nor is there any insurance' scheme for the provis ion of medica l t reatment , e tc . , in the C o l o n y .
Rcerention, eU\
In Huthurst G o v e r n m e n t maintains a public g round ( M a e C a . r t h y S q u a r e ) in which g a m e s are p l ayed by the inhabitants including the school chi ldren. A second public sports ground is to be cons t ruc ted in H a l f D i e , Hathurst . Organ i sed games are conducted by the
-schools, which are a l lowed to impor t f ree of duty all materials requi red f o r sports. Foo tba l l and c r i cke t leagues have been formed by the A f r i c a n residents o f Hathurst . G o v e r n m e n t has also p r o v i d e d t w o concre te tennis courts for their use.
S i n g i n g is taught in all the schools. F r e e concer ts are g i v e n o n c e e v e r y week by the P o l i c e Hand in front of G o v e r n m e n t House , w h e r e the terrace gardens are thrown open to the public . T h e concerts a r e >yell a t tended and are much apprec ia ted by the publ ic .
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C l I A P T B U X . ( < M M l NIC A T I O X S A N D T U A X S P O K T .
Rvtcvnal*
F o r mail services tin* co lony is almost ent i re ly dependent, upon t h e slu i > of Messrs. Klde r lA-nipstcr L i n e s L i d . f ' M m r e . isa rcgula . m o n t l d y service hut olherw -i.se t he mail steamer;- sin 1 i r regular , T h e in te rmedia te ships call ou twards and homewards once in about e v e r v three weeks .
T h e ( i o v e r n n i e n l continued tic* agreement wi th the Deutsche Luff , l l ansa A . G . for the car r iage of airmail hetwcen the G a m b i a and I h i r o p e . T h i s company opera tes a service w e e k l y throughout the year .
T h e company commenced opera t ing their regular t r a n s - A t l a n t i c mail service between Berl in ami Por t N a t a l on the 1st F e b r u a r y , i im.
'Flic ]:orts o f call arc Stut tgar t — M a r s e i l l e — B a r c e l o n a — S e v i l l e — L a s Pahnas—Bathurs t — P o r t N a t a l for Buenos A i r e s .
T h e South A m e r i c a n ports are served hy the C o n d o r Syndicate) and Ban A m e r i c a n A i r w a y s .
T h e L u f t l l a n s a Bathurst estahlishment consists o f n landing g r o u n d at Jcshwaue' , the catapult ship u Schwaben laud \ four f l y ing -boa t s and two airplanes.
T h e mail service to P o r t N a t a l commenced wi th the G r a f Z e p p e l i n and airplanes in al ternate weeks , until Sep t ember , ltJ.14, when the w e e k l y service was carr ied out hy planes on ly .
T h e G r a f Z e p p e l i n normal ly does not call at the in termedia te por t s , but dur ing N o v e m h e r three vis ' t s were marie to the rieshwang a e r o d rome , whi le the ^ S c h w a h e n l a n d " and airplanes wor t ; undergo ing repai r .
T h e ou tward mail leaves S tu t tgar t on T h u r s d a y at 6 a.m. and arr ives in Bathurst on F r i d a y at 1 a.m. ; f o rmer ly the mail watt transferred to the catapult ship ; ' Sehwabenlanr i , " which proceeded t o sea and after .'$(> hours' s teaming catapulted off a f ly ing boat . N o w i t is possible to effect the t rans -At lan t ic crossing d i rec t from Bathurs t , and the mail reaches South A m e r i c a on F r i d a y at 8 p .m.
T h e homeward mail plane leaves port N a t a l on F r i d a y , a r r i v ing in Bathurst on Sa turday morn ing . T h e mail is then transferred to a land plane which leaves Bathurst on Saturday morn ing and arr ives in •Stuttgart on Sunday afternoon*
Hat hurst Harbour.
T h e l l a r h o u r of l ia thnrs t is l imi ted by the coast of S t . M a r y ' s I s land and a line d rawn parallel thereto at. a distance of three mi l e s f rom G o v e r n m e n t H o u s e to the entrance of M a l f a C r e e k .
Bathurst is a deep water harbour. A n c h o r a g e s offshore v a r y f rom 9 to 1 4 fa thoms. T h e harbour is c o m p a r a t i v e l y shel tered e x c e p t dur ing tornadoes which arc of a short durat ion a n d which occur in d u l y and O c t o b e r . T h e r e is sufficient wa te r a t t h e en I anee for vessels of 2 7 feet draf t to enter the harbour .
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Government . W h a r f has been rc-constructeri; the wooden d e c k i n g h a v i n g been replaced by fer ro-conere te , underwater piles have been ref i t ted, and an up-to-date system o f rails installed wi th t w o 2\ ton pet ro l cranes. T h e T n head of G o v e r n m e n t W h a r f is 221 feet long , w i t h a depth o f 1 (j feet alongside. T h e r e are e leven other wharves which are from 10!) to 200 feet in length , with an a v e r a g e depth o f abou t 1 1 feet .
T h e tidal streams turn about 1;] hours after h igh and low water b y the shore ; their s trength is considerable , but varies f requent ly wi thout a n y apparent cause. D u r i n g the e b b stream considerable swi r l s somet imes occur at springs dur ing, and immedia te ly af ter , the ra iny season.
T h e harbour and approaches are well l ighted by a light vessel, buoys , and l ight structures.
Infernal.
Hirer Transport.
T h e .River ( i a m h i a is nav igab le for o c e a n - g o i n g v e s s e l s oT not more than 12 feet draf t , as far as G e o r g e t o w n , 17G miles from Ilathurst . At Kunlau-ur , 150 miles from Bathurst , an o c e a n - g o i n g vesse l can load t o a max imum draf t o f 1 9 feet . Vessels not e x c e e d i n g (I IV e t inches in draft can proceed above G e o r g e t o w n to F a t f o l o , 2SS miles f rom Ilathurst , whilst launches and small boats can nav iga t e as far as K o i n a , 202 miles f rom Bathurst,
D u r i n g the t rad ing season, groundnuts are brought down the r i ve r in ocean-go ing vessels, steamers and l ighters . Gut ters are e m p l o y e d to a large extent in transporting groundnuts from creeks and small por ts to transit stations where deep -wa te r vessels can load.
J\Iurine Department*
A regular passenger and ca rgo se rv ice is maintained by the G o v e r n m e n t steamers " P r i n c e of W a l e s ' (-100 tons) and u L a d y D e n h a m " (2.30 tons ) . T w o G o v e r n m e n t l ighters u V a m p i r e 1 ' ( 1 7 0 t o n s ) and " J e a n M a i . r e l " ( 1 7 4 tons) are also ava i l ab le for addi t ional c a r g o e s ; the la t ter is se l l -propel led .
T h e steamers call r.c 27 ports ou tward and homeward when p roceed ing to Baese ( 2 4 2 mi les ) and 32 ports when ca l l ing at Fa t t n to ( 2 8 8 m i l e s ) . T h i s ensures communicat ion wi th all ports in the P r o t e c t o r a t e tw ice w e e k l y d in ing the t rade season f rom N o v e m b e r to M a y . A fo r tn igh t ly or month ly serv ice is main ta ined for the remainder of the yea r .
Stat ist ics r ega rd ing the f re igh t and passengers carried by the M a r i n e D e p a r t m e n t are as fo l lows : —
1033 11134 1 ? & L _ Passengers carr ied . . . 9,125 7,791 10,057 Cargo ( tons ) . . . 4,403 5,301 4,211 K e v e n u c f r o i n passenger
traffic . . . £ 3 , 0 3 6 . 0 . 0. £ 2 , 7 9 5 . 1 2 . 7. £ 3 , 5 0 1 . 13. 7. K e v e n u e f r o m f re igh t . . . £ 3 , 7 8 7 . 7 . 0 . £ 3 , 7 0 9 . 1 0 . 1 . £3 ,837 . 14. 7.
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T h e ref i t t ing of G o v e r n m e n t steamers and of vessels b e l o n g i n g to firms was carried out b y the M a r i n e S l i p w a y and E n g i n e e r i n g W o r k s . T h e workshop is fitted with modern equ ipment and is capab le o f c a r r y i n g out repairs and refits to vessels o f 400 tons gross—the tonnage of the largest r ive r s teamer at present in the ( Jambia .
T h e M a r i n e D e p a r t m e n t also maintain and run launches which are ma in ly used for the conveyance o f G o v e r n m e n t Officials in the P r o t e c t o r a t e and for harbour services at Hathurst.
Ferries,
Passenge r and vehicular ferr ies , installed by G o v e r n m e n t in connect ion \s\\h the road system pl ied at the f o l l o w i n g points : —
K e r e w a n ( R o a d N o . 2 ) Hruincn ( connec t ing R o a d s N o s . 1 & 3 ) La in in K o t o — M a e C a r t h y Is land Sanknl ikunda — "MacCar thy I s l and Bansang \ Pas se F a t t o t o
Kau-u r—Jessad i
•ontinuation o f R o a d N o . 2 .
B e t w e e n Hathurst and J Jarra a regu la r fe r ry serv ice is maintained l>y a p r i v a t e firm which rece ived a subsidy of £ 2 0 0 f rom G o v e r n ment in
Moods*
T h e r e are four trunk roads : N o . 1 • J i a th tus t - t r e swang-Abuko-Lamin-Yundun i -Br ikama- -
K a f u t a - N ' D m i b a n - B w i a m - H r u m e n F e r r y . m i l e s ) . N o . 2 . R a r r a - B c r r e n d i n g ( B a n t a n d i n g ) - D a s i l a m i - K e r e w a n
F e n y - S a b a - H a n n i - N M a k u n d a - l l l i a s s a . ( 6 2 m i l e s ) . N o . 3 . I l l i a s s a - I v a t c l u i n g - K o n k o b a - K w i n e l l a - d a t a b a -
B r u m e n F e r r y . ( 2 2 | mi l e s ) wi th a branch eastwards at t la taba to Sandeng and the F r e n c h boundary, ( 2 £ tniles ) •
N o . 4 . Ran t mding (s i te of old v i l l a g e on trunk road N o . 2 ) to the French boundary . ( :{ m i l e ) .
I n addi t ion there is a secondary road running from llliassa via B a l i a o g h a r , K a u - u r and Kun tau -u r to Bansang F e r r y where it connects with the secondary road on the south bank running from K w i n c l l a , ( o n trunk road N o . 3 ) to K u d a n g , Hansang, Basse and F a t toto.
T h e r e are also a number o f secondary f eede r roads to the var ious r i v e r ports in the P r o t e c t o r a t e .
T h e total mi leages o f secondary and feeder roads in each P r o v i n c e a re a p p r o x i m a t e l y as fo l lows : —
N o r t h Bank P r o v i n c e . . . . . . 116 m P \ s South Bank P r o v i n c e . . . . . . 1)5 „ M a c C a r t h y Is land P r o v i n c e . . . 280 „ U p p e r R i v e r P r o v i n c e . . . . . . . 200
-
. £9
Postal Scrrices.
Alai ls uro c o n v o y e d by G o v e r n m e n t r iver steamers w e e k l y dur ing the d ry season and fo r tn igh t ly or month ly du r ing the rainy season. T r a v e l l i n g Pos t Offices are established on these boats and all classes o f postal business are transacted at the ports o f cal l . T h e G e n e r a l P o s t Office is at Bathurst and Di s t r i c t P o s t and W i r e l e s s Offices are established at G e o r g e t o w n , Basse and Kun tau -u r . T h e Kun tau -u r office is (dosed dur ing the rainy season ( d u n e to O c t o b e r ) .
T h e total number o f let ters , postcards, papers e tc . , deal t wi th dur ing 1 9 3 5 was 2 2 2 , 1 7 1 — a n incru.se of 3 3 , 1 5 6 o v e r the preceding yea r .
Pa rce l s dea l t with dur ing the y e a r numbered 3 . 9 1 1 as compared wi th 3 , 469 in 1 9 3 4 . In addi t ion , 1 , 3 7 3 small postal packets were deal t wi th .
1 1 , 0 7 9 airmail letters w e r e despatched and 4 , 8 7 5 were rece ived d u r i n g the y ar.
A l o n e v & Posta l O r d e r statistics are as fo l lows : — 1 9 3 4 1 9 3 5
£ £ A l o n c y Orde r s issued & paid, value 1 6 , 8 8 1 1 7 . 5 3 6 R e v e n u e d e r i v e d from A l o n c y Orders 1 2 1 1 0 4 P o s t a l Orde r s issued & p a i d ' 6 . 4 6 5 7 , 0 3 3 K c v e n u e d e r i v e d f rom Pos ta l Orde r s 5 3 6 1
T h e total revenue de r ived from the Pos ta l Se rv i ce s in 1 9 3 5 was £ 6 , 7 8 5 as compared wi th £ 1 , 5 3 6 in 1 9 3 4 . T h e grea te r part o f the revenue o f 1 9 3 5 was d e r i v e d from the da te of j ub i l ee stamps to-philatel is ts .
Telephone Service.
A 2 4 hour*' service was sat isfactori ly mainta ined in Bathurst and a t G a p e S t . A l a r y , the total number of subscribers, exc lus ive of extensions., be ing 9 5 . T h e total va lue o f the service was £ 6 3 8 , o f which amount £ 4 4 0 represented the value o f f ree service to G o v e r n m e n t D e p a r t m e n t s .
Wireless Serrice.
T h e r e is no land line te legraph system in the ( i a m h i a but internal communica t ion is maintained by four wireless stations established at Bathurst , Kuntau-ur , G e o r g e t o w n and Basse, »-cspectively.
T h e station at Bathurst has a range of 1 0 0 0 miles and communi cates wi th ships at sea and wi th D a k a r . Press from B u g b y is rece ived d a i l y . T h e other three stations are pure ly for inland work and have a transmission range of 2 5 0 miles.
T h e total revenue de r i ved from the wireless service in 1 9 3 5 w a s £ 8 7 1 inc luding £ 3 5 9 in respect of G o v e r n m e n t messages. T h e cor respond ing figures for 1 9 3 4 were £ 8 3 4 and £ 3 1 6 respec t ive ly .
Te leti raph (ya b fes.
T h e Kas tc rn T e l e g r a p h C o m p a n y L t d . , has a station in Bathurst and cables run to S ie r ra L e o n e to the south and St , V i n c e n t to the north
http://incru.se
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3 0
ClIAVTEIt X I . B A N K I N G , C U R R E N C Y , W E I G H T S & M E A S L K E S .
Bunk.
T h e on ly B a n k in the C o l o n y is the B a n k o f Br i t i sh W e s t A f r i c a wh ich has a S a v i n g s B a n k fo r small deposi tors . T h e ( J o v e r n m e n t has also a Pos t Office S a v i n g s B a n k , the rate o f interest be ing 21 pe r cent per annum. A t the . l i s t o f D e c e m b e r 1 9 3 5 the deposi ts amoun ted to £ 3 , 3 2 0 in respect o f 1)81 deposi tors .
Currcmy.
T h e cur rency is Brit ish W e s t A f r i c a n a l loy and n icke l -b ronze coins o f denominat ions 2 / - , 1/-, fid, 3d , l d ? & - id ; and Brit ish W e s t A f r i c a n cur rency notes o f 2 0 / - t £ 2 l 8 J i 7 2 . a t the end o f the p rev ious v c a r . ti
IVeUthis and Measures.
Standard we igh t s and measures ( A v o h d u p o i s , T r o y , I m p e r i a l measures o f capac i ty , l e n g t h and su r face ) sire prescr ibed by the W e i g h t s and Measures Ord inance , of 11)02 and arc k e p t b y the ( J o v e r n m e n t . T h e Commiss ione r of P o l i c e is the In spec to r o f W e i g h t s and Measures and is assisted b y a number o f D e p u t y Inspec tors amongst w h o m are ineludeu the Commiss ioners o f the P r o v i n c e s it) the P ro tec to ra te .
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ol
C H A P T E R X I I . P R N U C W O R K S .
T h e P u b l i c W o r k s D e p a u : tent>s responsible for the execut ion o f the | ) u 1 > 1 i * * w o r k s in the C o l o n y and the P r o t e c t o r a t e f o r which provis ion is made in the Annua l Est imates and for THE maintenance* o f all ( Jove rnmen t bui ldings and proper ty entrusted to the D e p a r t m e n t .
T H E Eng inee r ing S ta f f consists o f the D i r e c t o r o f Pub l ic W o r k s , the Assis tant D i r ec to r o f P u b l i c W o r k s , t w o C l e r k s o f W o r k s , Mechan ica l Fo reman , t w o Elect r ica l F o r e m e n , and two A f r i c a n F o r e m e n of W o r k s . Tin* S t o r e s ami A c c o u n t s S t a f f consists o f an Accountant , and nine A f r i c a n C l e r k s .
In addit ion the Depar tmen t operates the e lec t r ic l igh t and p o w e r services compr i s ing some 42 miles o f dis t r ibut ion mains, the ieo m a k i n g plant , the A l b e r t Market , r e f r ige ra t ing plant , the Hathurst W a t e r w o r k s , the tire protect ion plant and the ( Jovernment m o t o r transport service .
R o a d s , streets, tram lines and the G o v e r n m e n t W h a r f in Hathurst are maintained by the Depa r tmen t and in the Protectorate , the main road from Hathurst which branches to C a p e S t . M a r y and to the K o m b o X o i t h and Cent ra l Dis t r ic t s , and certain other trunk roadn are s imilar ly main ta ined . A c t i v i t i e s dur ing 1 9 3 5 : —
(a) M A I N T E N A N C E . ( E x p e n d i t u r e £ 1 2 , 9 7 7 ) .
Bat hurst Water Supply.
T h e total number o f gal lons pumped at the A b u k o Stat ion during-1 9 3 5 was 5 1 , 7 8 7 , 0 0 0 gal lons .
T h e rates cha rged are as fo l lows : — Genera l W a t e r K a t e . . . . . . ( K % on rateable v a l u e ) . W a t e r S u p p l y rate . . . £ 2 per annum. •Supply rate to vessels . . . . . . l / 4 d . per 1 0 0 gal lons . M e t e r rate . . . . . . . . . 1 / (hi . per 1 , 0 0 0 ga l lons . W a s h i n g out g round nut stores . . . JL2 1 0 / - per hour.
Revenue 1935 :—
Genera l rate . . . Supp ly rate . . . Supp ly to vessels M e t e r rate W a s h i n g out g round nut stores
£ 0 3 2 1 5
1 4 1 1 0
1 2 2 1 8
8 0
1 3 2
6
8
8
5
0
£ 9 1 8 1 3 9 .
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W a t e r supplied to tin; f o l l o w i n g motored consumers was : — K . W . A . F . F . . . . 1,"> 1 :},.>.">() < . u i | „ n s .
Prison . . . 2 : i O , ( > 2 2 Botanical ( i a n l c n s , C a p o S i . M a r y . . . H O D ^ / i U C o o l i n g IMaiit, A l l t e r t M a r k e t , Uatiiurst . . . :i.">8,(».32
2 ,071 ,474 ga l lons .
Electric Liijht and Power Services.
T h e P o w e r Sta t ion is situated in the centre o f the T o w n of Bathurst and the1 g ene ra t i ng plant consists of four solid injection h e a v y oil engines d r i v i n g d i rec t coupled al ternators , 2 x 1 0 0 K . W . , 1 x 50 K . W l , and 1 x 2 5 K . W . T o t a l 2 7 5 K . W .
S y s t e m A . C .1 Phase 4 wire 5 0 per iods . Consumers v o l t a g e 230 l i gh t i ng , 4 0 0 power .
F e e d e r and distr ibutors overhead cab l e . N u m b e r o f p r iva te consumers 2 3 1 , an increase of 2 2 dur ing the y e a r . Supp ly commenced June 1 9 2 6 . T o t a l units genera ted 1 9 3 5 , 3 j 9 , 8 0 O . M a x i m u m load recorded 1 0 4 K . \ V . T o t a l connected load 5 4 9 K . W . T o t a l motors connected 2 7 4 I-i. I I . P . P u b l i c l igh t ing 3 5 0 gas tilled lamps. T h e low tension ne twork supplies and l igh ts some 9 / mi les o f streets
in Bathurst , supplies a 3 0 I v . V . A . t ransformer at the north end o f the t o w n — t h e v o l t a g e be ing s tepped-up to 3 , 3 0 0 vo l t s and c o n v e y e d b y overhead cable to C a p e St . M a r y 8 miles a w a y , where it feeds a 1 5 K , V . A . s t epped-down transformer which supplies a l o w tension ne twork of about 2 miles . V o l t a g e 2 3 0 l i gh t ing , 4 0 0 p o w e r .