West Midland Bird Club Annual Report No 54 1987

Yellow Wagtail (male) by AT Moffett

West Midland Bird Club Annual Report No 54 1987

Being the Annual Bird Report of the West Midland Bird Club on the birds in the counties of Warwickshire, Worcestershire, Staffordshire and West Midlands.

Contents

2 Officers and Committee

4 Editor's Report

4 Birds in 1987

23 Hon. Treasurer's Report and Financial Statement

26 Secretary's Report

27 Field Meeting Secretary's Report

27 Permit Secretary's Report

27 Membership Secretary's Report

28 Research Sub-Committee

28 Staffordshire Branch Report

29 Belvide Report

31 Ladywalk Reserve

33 Solihull Branch Report

34 The 1986 House Martin Survey

40 Movements of Chaffinches and Redpolls to and from the West Midlands

46 Marsh Warblers in Worcestershire — A Personal Review

55 The Decline of Worcestershire's Marsh Warblers

64 Distinguishing Marsh Warbler from Reed Warbler, in Early Summer and as First-years

68 1987 Bird Record Localities

73 Classified Notes

178 Ringing in 1987

186 Key to Contributors

188 Species requiring descriptions

Price £3.00

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Off icers and Commit tee 1 9 8 8

President

Vice President

Chairman and Promotions and B80 7JG Fund Raising Committee Chairman

C A Norris, Brookend House, Welland, Worcestershire WR13 6NL

G C Lambourne, Mel in Dan-y-rhiw, St Davids, Dyfed

A J Richards, 1 Lansdowne Road, Studley, Warwickshire

Deputy Chairman and Research Committee Chairman

Secretary

Treasurer

Report Editor

Bulletin Editor

Membership Secretary

Field Meetings Secretary

Permit Secretary

Ringing Secretary

Staffs Branch Chairman

Solihull Branch Chairman

Warwickshire Recorder

Worcestershire Recorder

Staffordshire Recorder

G R Harrison "Bryher" , Hatton Green, Hatton, Warwickshire CV35 7LA

H M MacGregor, 74 Ivyfield Road, Erdington, Birmingham B23 7HH

K A Webb, Copper Beech Cottage, Bagot Street, Abbots Bromley, Staffordshire WS15 3DB

N P Barlow, 1 Yew Tree Cottages, Maxstoke Lane, Meriden, Coventry CV7 7HR

C J Francis, 91 Upper Meadow Road, Quinton, Birmingham B32 1NR

D S Evans, 49 Inglewood Grove, Streetly, Sutton Coldfield B74 3LN

S H Young, 32 Carless Avenue, Harborne, Birmingham B17 9EL

Miss M Surman, 6 Lloyd Square, 12 Niall Close, Birmingham B15 3LX

A E Coleman, 67 Park Lane, Bonehill, Tamworth, Staffordshire B78 3HZ

D W Emley, 127 Harpfields Road, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 5LT

G A Morley, 64 Cambridge Avenue, Solihull, West Midlands B91 1QF

S M Haynes, 4 Spinney Close, Old Arley, Coventry CV7 8PD

S M Whitehouse, 5 Stanway Close, Rudyard Gardens, Blackpole, Worcester WR4 9XL

G Evans, Flat 5, Kenilworth Court, Mil l Street, Cannock WS11 3EP

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West Midlands R M Normand, 18 Hamstead Hall Avenue, Handsworth Recorder Wood, Birmingham B20 1EY

Main Committee S C Brown, Mrs D Dunstan, E S Clare, G M Lewis, R M Normand, G F Nicholson, B L Kington, J R Winsper

Records Committee N P Barlow, G Evans, S M Haynes, R M Normand, S M Whitehouse

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Editor's Report

The operation of a County Recorder system for record submission and compilation is reaping rewards, as the number of records received from each county was up on last year. The quality of record submission was better, although a number of important records were either not received or could not be accepted due to poor descriptions. I think that the County Recorders, their Teams and I have found the preparation of the Report easier than last year and hopefully this wil l be reflected in the quality of the finished article.

Thanks are due to the writers and the artists who submitted material for the Report. There was a much wider variety of artistic styles than last year and I am only sorry that I could not use all the material submitted. Drawings have been included from Roger Hancox (RH), Alan Dean (ARD), John Newman (JLN), Phil Jones, Ray Bishop and John Martin (JPM).

The photographs are now an integral part of the Report and my thanks goto Alan Richards and Charlie Brown for their help. Together with the photographers as indicated Steve Haynes and Graham Evans provided invaluable additional editing and finally thanks to the Recorders and their teams:—

Warwickshire: Steve Haynes, Steve Cawthray. Typing assistance from Julie Tighe and Hazel Woolands.

Worcestershire: Steve Whitehouse, Richard Harbird, Gavin Peplow, John Sirrett.

Staffordshire: Graham Evans, Dave Emley, John Martin, Trevor Smart, Steve Welch.

West Midlands: Bob and Alicia Normand, Tim Hextell, Pete Forbes, Pete Hackett.

Migrant Arrivals and Departures: Steve Welch. Hotline: John Bennett.

Birds in 1987

1987 was essentially wet and cool, with little warm weather. January was cold and snowy and spring and summer temperatures were below average, except for warmer spells in April and late June/early July. Although September and October were reasonably mild, there was much stormy weather and the tremendous gale of October the sixteenth had profound effects on the landscape of much of southern and eastern England. November was very variable but cold weather at the end of the month continued into December, wi th the year ending on a mild note. As so often happens with poorer weather, the birding was good with 236 species seen, (excluding Exotica), a record year and of these Cattle Egret, Lesser Scaup, Pallas's Warbler, Lesser Grey Shrike and Rustic Bunting were new to the Region.

Relatively mild weather from 1986 continued into January, but from the sixth, colder weather arrived from the north. From the eleventh, snow flurries arrived

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on cold easterly winds, due to cold anticyclonic air from Siberia pushing into Scandinavia and the North Sea. This led to some of the coldest temperatures in Scandinavia and Finland recorded in the last 100 years, down to -50°C. This cold weather led to a large influx of birds into the Region, from the fourteenth.

Returning to the start of the year, a Great Northern Diver was at Blithfield on the first and the Belvide bird from 1986 finally left on the fifth. There were up to 4000 Common Gulls at Draycote on the first (along with a Smew which had arrived in 1986), 516 Great Black-backed Gulls at Cannock Tip on the second and up to 12000 Black-headed Gulls at Chasewater in early January, part of a very large influx of gulls into the Region during January. Glaucous Gulls were recorded at Cannock and Kingsbury and an Iceland Gull was at Westport, early on. On the fourth, there were Kitt iwakes at Bittell and Blithfield, a Mediterranean Gull at the latter, two Slavonian Grebes at Kingsbury and four Smew at Bittell. Two Long-eared Owls, also at Bittell, were part of a national incursion. On the seventh, a Cattle Egret was seen at Doxey, believed to be the bird seen in Derbyshire beforehand. Chif fchaffs were noted at Ladywalk, Sandwell and Aldridge on the third, ninth and eleventh respectively, and up to four Short-eared Owls were seen at Lea Marston throughout much of the month; there was also a Water Pipit there on the tenth. On the eleventh, cold weather movements were noted of Golden Plovers, Lapwings and Skylarks, but despite this, flocks of the latter remained, with 160 at Draycote and 120 at Holt. A male and female Firecrest were seen, separately, at Park Hall, on the twelfth and by this date, there were upto eight Smew at Draycote, part of a national influx, and two Sanderling at Draycote. On the fourteenth, a passage of Pink-footed Geese commenced, with 180 flying north-west over Westport. A Common Sandpiper and Long-eared Owl were recorded at Sandwell, with a Whooper Swan the next day. Also on the fifteenth, there were 11 Bewick's Swans at Larford, a Short-eared Owl at Brandon, a Red-breasted Merganser at Netherton (staying until the thirtieth) and a Hen Harrier in the Sherbrook Valley. Divers were relatively scarce, though Grebes were well recorded. On the sixteenth, there was a Black-throated Diver at Bartley and over the next few days, there was a notable influx of Grebes with Red-necked at Draycote (two), Blithfield and Tittesworth and up to five Slavonians at Draycote. Mid-month saw the arrival of many wildfowl. Flocks of between 100 and 450 Pink-footed Geese were seen in Staffordshire, exceptional numbers of Wigeon were noted, there were seven White-fronted Geese at Blithfield, a small arrival of Scaup occurred and further Smew and Mergansers arrived. A Bittern was found in poor condition on the nineteenth in the West Midlands, taken to R S P B Sandwell and successfuly released at Leighton Moss, Lancashire later on. A Short-eared Owl was seen at Aqualate, also on the nineteenth, and further Long-eared Owls were noted at Park Hall (two) and near Longton. Towards the end of the month Pochard and Tufted Duck numbers were reported as variable, no doubt weather related.

From the twentieth, marginally warmer cloudy northerly air moved over the country and a slow thaw developed. A Waxwing was seen at Codsall on the twenty-second, remaining for two days and part of a national arrival on the

northerly winds. Another Slavonian Grebe was recorded, this time at Branston and further Smew were found at Shustoke and Chasewater during the twenty-third and fourth. On the latter date, 15 adult Brent Geese were at Kingsbury but 17 Barnacle Geese left Bittell as the cloud cover thinned and then later cleared, leading to very cold, frosty weather and freezing waters. On the twenty-fifth a Brent Goose arrived at Sandwell, staying, perhaps surprisingly, until February the sixth; there was a male Common Scoter at Blithfield, with a Knot there and also at Bartley. This was also the first date for a long staying Long-eared Owl at Chasewater. A marked movement of Bewick's Swans occurred on the twenty-sixth and seventh, with small flocks seen at Mythe Bridge, Bretforton and at a number of localities in Staffordshire, and upto 47 were at Bredon's Hardwick. Common Scoter were also noted in the Region, with 19 at Blithfield the most recorded. Two Slavonian Grebes arrived at Bartley on the twenty-seventh, but left on the thirtieth. The following day, 12 White-fronted Geese arrived at Blithfield, the flock of 67 Barnacle Geese left Bittell and a Mediterranean Gull arrived at Chasewater for a three day stay. On the twenty-ninth, upto three male Scaup were recorded at Coton, four Bearded Tits were at Brandon and the cold weather forced a Redshank to feed on a small stream at Arley. On the thirtieth, two Whooper Swans were seen at Belvide, with one at Blithfield, an Iceland Gull was found at Chasewater and the first of upto five Water Pipits at Wilden. On the thirty-first, an immature Hen Harrier arrived at Westwood, staying until the fourth of February, a Peregrine was seen at Meaford, the Firecrest was last seen at Park Hall and perhaps surprisingly, the Common Sandpiper reappeared at Sandwell.

The first of February was the last of that cold spell and, compared to January, the month was quiet for birds, with many of the gulls and wildfowl departing. Numbers of Bewick's Swans at Bredon's Hardwick reflected the changing weather throughout the month. As the reservoirs and waterways thawed in the milder weather at the start of the month, the numbers of swans built up from two on the first to 143 by the seventh, but fell away again by the end of the month. A Smew at Clay Mills, a Short-eared Owl at Swallow Moss and upto two Chif fchaffs at Lower Gornal Sewage Works, were the only birds of note in the first six days. On the seventh, there was a Buzzard at Bidford and two Kittiwakes at Draycote. On the eighth, there was a Bittern at Kingsbury and an immature Smew at Wilden, with two redheads at Codsall staying until the fourteenth. Also on the eighth, a Long-eared Owl began a lengthy stay at Kingsbury, a Merlin was at Holt, single Ringed Plovers returned to Kingsbury and The Somers around this date and a Mediterranean Gull was at Seeswood Pool. On the tenth. Red-breasted Mergansers were recorded at Belvide and Bartley, with a Smew at Ladywalk the following day. Two immature Waxwings were found at Lichfield on the twelfth, staying until the eighteenth and delighting many people. The milder weather, mostly with south-east to south-westerly winds, changed to colder northerly air on the thirteenth but this appeared to have little immediate impact on birds. There was a Bittern at Betley on the fourteenth and a Common Sandpiper at Bittell. High numbers of Wigeon continued to be noted, with 2300

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at Blithfield, for example. In mid-month, upto 480 Dunl in were seen in the Avon Valley. Two Long-eared Owls at Whiston since January, continued to be present throughout February.

The northerly air f low did, latterly, appear to bring in more unusual birds and from the twentieth to the twenty-seventh, a Waxwing was seen in gardens in the Oldbury/Bearwood/Warley area. White-winged gulls were relatively scarce but an Iceland Gull was at Draycote on the twenty-f irst and Glaucous Gulls occurred at Belvide and Chasewater around this time; the one at Chasewater seemingly replaced another that had been in the area since 1986. A Slavonian Grebe appeared at Draycote on the twenty-first, staying until the twenty-eighth, and a Mediterannean Gull was found at Coton. A Firecrest at Dump's Covert, Cannock Chase was first seen on the twenty-second, staying until March the eighth. A Brent Goose at Gailey on the twenty-fourth was unexpected. Two Smew stayed, briefly, at Croxall on the twenty-f i f th. The weather improved gradually from the twenty-second and by the twenty-sixth, westerly air had brought rain. Probably associated wi th this changing weather, there was a count of 52 Meadow Pipits at Upton Warren, a Rock Pipit was seen at Sandwell and the Chi f fchaf f left Lower Gornal Sewage Works.

Immediately into March, the weather became colder again, wi th south-easterly winds replacing the westerlies. Despite this many birds, including Lapwings, were singing and displaying by the start of the month, although the strength of song and territories, particularly in woodland, continued to vary according to the weather. Birds making their way north became more evident, w i th returning winter thrushes particularly visible (upto 1900 at Kempsey) but waders, too, were noticeable. In the first eight days Woodcock, Oystercatcher, Knot, Ruff and both species of Godwi t were recorded and the Cur lew roost at Upton Warren reached fifty-six on the eighth. A few Ki t t iwakes drifted through and fifty Bewick 's Swans were seen over Sandwell Valley. The Short-eared Owl at Brandon was last seen on the fourth. Undoubtedly the occurrence of the month, possibly of the year, took place from the eighth onwards. An unusual duck on the "Swag' at Chasewater, thought initially to be a hybrid, was finally identified as a Lesser Scaup. John Bennett's announcement on the Hotline started "This is it, boys, the big one . . . " and certainly birders thought so, as many descended on the area to see what was believed to be the first British and probably Western Palearctic record. Less dramatic, but equally as interesting, a strange pipit at the main lake is now considered to be Scandinavian Rock Pipit. ( l i t to ra l i s )

From February upto the fourteenth of March, a few Mealy Redpolls were noted in the Region and a Red-necked Grebe arrived at Kingsbury on the seventh. Despite a heavy snowfall in the early morning of the eighth, a few long-staying birds decided to leave, notably the Red-necked Grebe from Draycote, the S m e w from Ladywalk and the Long-eared O w l and Whooper Swan from Sandwell. A very early Ring Ousel braved the cold weather, arriving at Broadway on the twelfth. Short-eared Owls were noted over the next week at Doxey, Sheepwash and Swal low Moss wi th another Long-eared Owl , this time at Willenhall. On the fourteenth, six Smew were present at Draycote and Iceland Gulls were at

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Kingsbury and Chasewater. Flocks of Pied Wagtails were noted, wi th 57 at Draycote and 51 at Bredon's Hardwick. Cormorants built up at Blithfield from 26 in January to 90, the highest ever count there and comparing interestingly wi th counts of over 100 at Gravel pits in Cambridgeshire at a similar time. Merlins were noted at Dunhampton, Elford, Little Comberton and Ryall in March and on the eighteenth. Skylark passage occurred over Westport. On the nineteenth, the first Wheatear was seen, at Drayton Bassett and another Knot occurred, this t ime at Sheepwash. Although the Long-eared Owl was last seen at Chasewater, a Short-eared Owl appeared at Ladywalk on the twentieth, staying until the end of the month and an Iceland Gull was found at Westport. A Little Ringed Plover appeared the next day, also at Sheepwash and the Longsdon Mill Pool Curlew roost totalled 600, a Regional record. A different Iceland Gull at Cannock Tip on the twenty-second occurred the same day as the first Chi f fchaf fs , at Sandwell and Lichfield, preceding a change to wetter milder weather. A Mediterranean Gull was seen at Chasewater, also on the twenty-second. On the twenty-sixth, two immature Whoopers Swan turned up at Brandon and the first Sand Mart in was noted, at Larford. Two days of strong north-westerly winds on the twenty-seventh and eighth may well have led to the steady passage of Common Gulls and, to a lesser extent, Ki t t iwakes around this time. The first House Mart in occurred on the twenty-seventh, at Upton Warren, and on the fol lowing day, the first Swal lows were seen, a male Red-crested Pochard occurred at Draycote, a Little Gull at Larford and 17 Redshanks was a good total at Bredon's Hardwick. Reasonable numbers of Wheatears passed through on the twenty-ninth and over the next two days; Stonechat and, to a greater extent. Shore Lark were unexpected finds on North Hill. A Twi te at Larford stayed two days from the twenty-eigth and on the thirtieth, a Great Grey Shrike was located in the Sherbrook Valley. A count of Snipe at Sandwell, on the thirty-first, revealed 11 Jacks and 65 Commons.

The unsettled weather of March continued well into Apri l . Winds were variable, but much of the time came from the north-west. Despite this, migration was strong and many migrants were early and in good numbers. A good example was of Ring Ousel, which was recorded in exceptional numbers on the Malverns. Two appeared on the second and thereafter totals built upto a maximum of 13 atone time. Also on the second, the Great Grey Shrike was seen again, a Water Pipit stayed briefly at Holt and the last remaining Long-eared Owl left Bittell. In the early part of the month, there was evidence of Short-eared Owl passage, wi th singles at Blithfield, Croxall and Sheepwalk and upto five on Middle Hills. The first Garganeys of the year, a pair, occurred near Chasewater on the third and an early Hobby was seen at Upton Warren on the fourth and birds were regular thereafter. For three days from the third, two littoralis-type Rock Pipits stayed at Forge Mill Pool and a Water Pipit was present at Sandwell. On the fourth. Glaucous Gulls were noted at Kingsbury (and again on the eleventh) and Westport and the first Tree Pipit was seen, on the Malverns; also at Kingsbury, 16 Common Scoter appeared, wi th twelve remaining until the fifth, when another pair occurred at Shatterford. The f i f th was the final date for Smew at

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Draycote, but was the first date for Yellow Wagtail, Redstart, Blackcap, Wil low Warbler and Pied Flycatcher. At this time, there was a good passage of Redshanks, with upto 18 at Kingsbury, 19 at Bredon's Hardwick and 15 at Belvide, and Meadow Pipits, with over 150, again at Kingsbury, and 81 at Wilden. The Redshank passage was better than for many years. An early Whitethroat was recorded on the Malverns on the sixth and thereafter, in improved breeding numbers in much of the Region. The following day, there were three Garganey at Belvide and the first Common Tern was present, at Chasewater, with the first Arctic Tern there two days later. At least two Little Gulls and a small number of Kittiwakes passed through in the first ten days. A Glaucous Gull was seen at Chasewater on the ninth and on the tenth, a Red-necked Grebe stopped at Belvide and a Sedge Warbler was seen at Alvecote. A further pair of Garganey occurred on the twelfth, at Clayhanger, with a Merl in at Middle Hills, a Whimbrel at Bredon's Hardwick and the last of the Short-eared Owls at Lea Marston. On the following day, seven Black-tailed Godwits were present at Ripple. The main arrival of Common Terns occurred in mid-month and four different Buzzards were recorded on passage during April.

There was also a widespread influx of Ruff, nationally and locally, with upto 47 at Bredon's Hardwick, 30 at Whitacre Heath and 26 at Belvide, 10 Greenshanks at Doxey on the fifteenth was the highest spring count ever in the Region and the first Grasshopper Warbler was heard at Coton.

The weather had been improving progressively from the twelfth, as an anticyclone passed over the country and from the seventeenth onwards, temperatures rose as warmer southerly air was drawn in. This change in weather had a dramatic impact on migration, with a rush of birds occurring from then on. On the seventeenth, there was an Osprey at Blithfield, the first Cuckoo, at North Hill, the first Wood Warbler, at Weymans Wood and at Chasewater, two Blue-headed type Wagtails and two Black Terns occurred. More surprisingly, a Wryneck was seen by one lucky observer, at Ladywalk. The south-easterlies encouraged the Shore Lark to depart on the eighteenth, but Nightingale, Whinchat and Spotted Redshanks were recorded on this date. The first Wood Sandpiper occurred at Upton Warren, the next day, part of a good spring passage in Worcestershire, and a Little Tern was also present there. Three Sandwich Terns f lew along the Trent, at Branston and the first Swi f t was seen at Shatterford. Further Spotted Redshanks and a few Sanderling were noted at this time and on the twentieth, another Wryneck, this time in a Northf ield garden, was part of a wide scatter of records, nationally. A Shag at Chasewater, on the same date, was an unusual record at that time of year. On the twenty-first, the first Turtle Doves were noted and upto 28 White Wagtails were recorded at Coton, part of a good Spring passage. The trickle of Little Gulls increased to a flow both in the Region, and nationally, with 39 at Coton on the twenty-first. The following day, there was a Red-necked Grebe at Blithfield, Bar-tailed Godwit , Whimbrel and two Little Terns at Coton, the first Lesser Whitethroat, at Upton Warren and four Redstarts were ringed at Eathorpe. Another Osprey occurred on the twenty-third, this time at Brandon. From the twenty-fourth, Hobbies

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became regular at Ladywalk and Kingsbury, the last Jack Snipe was recorded at Chasewater, Garden Warblers arrived and another Wryneck was seen, on this occasion in Redditch. A sub-adult Glaucous Gull at Doxey and a Turnstone at Coton were also noted on the same date. A pair of Hen Harrier at Mythe Bridge was an unusual occurrence on the twenty-fifth, and there were 10 Black Terns at Belvide, together with two Turnstones, and four at Coton. The Lesser Scaup was last seen at Chasewater on the twenty-sixth, further Knot, Whimbrel and both Godwits passed through at this time and there was a Little Tern at Branston. Over the next two days there was some noteworthy Arctic and Black Tern passage, with upto 100 of the latter recorded in the Region on the twenty-eighth, best counts being 49 at Chasewater and 24 at Belvide. Also on the twenty-seventh, a Black-necked Grebe was first seen at Sheepwash U.P., staying until June, and a female/immature Marsh Harrier was present at Brandon. The southerly winds brought in a number of Hoopoes to the country and it was, therefore, perhaps not surprising that one was found at Hams Hall on the twenty-fourth with a Firecrest four days later. The main passage of Yellow Wagtails occurred towards the end of the month, noted into three figures at a number of localities, specifically Belvide.

The southerly winds of late April turned cooler and south-westerly towards the end of the month and by the beginning of May, these winds had turned north-westerly and temperatures fell until the sixth. Despite this, the great activity of April continued into the first three days of May with Whimbrel, Turnstone, Grey Plover and Sanderling passing through and the first Spotted Flycatcher, in the Wyre Forest, a pair of Garganey at Kingsbury and Ladywalk (present for much of the month), a Little Tern at Belvide and a Peregrine at Wickhamford. Although Swallows and House Martins were reported as scarce, 400 of the former at Belvide on the third, was noteworthy. A Pectoral Sandpiper, sadly, stayed only briefly at Bredon's Hardwick on the fourth. A female Red-breasted Merganser arrived at Blithfield on the fifth, staying until the sixteenth and on the sixth, there

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was a Merlin at Goldsitch Moss. Activity dropped off after the first few days, but anticyclonic weather arrived on the sixth and further passage occurred shortly after. Hobbies were seen at Sandwell on the seventh and eighth and three Curlew Sandpipers occurred at Belvide, also on the eighth. On the ninth, an American Wigeon was a most unusual find at Wasperton Gravel-pits, staying until the fourteenth. Further wader passage took place over the next few days, with Grey Plovers, Knot, Sanderling, both Godwits, Whimbrel, Turnstone and Wood Sandpiper all being recorded. Low water-tables in the North Pit at Kingsbury attracted many waders, including a record number of 51 Ringed Plover and 60 Dunlin and increased coverage there was perhaps reflected in the discovery of a Roseate Tern on the twelfth. On the same day, two Black Terns arrived at Coton and stayed for five days, and 14 were present at Alvecote two days later. Hobbies were much in evidence in mid-month, being recorded on a number of occasions in the Tame Valley and at Sheepwash U P. A pair of Black-necked Grebes arrived at Belvide on the sixteenth and remained for five days.

From the tenth, unsettled weather dominated the scene. Winds were mostly north-westerly and obviously disrupted the migration of some northern breeding birds, particularly waders. Wood Sandpipers were displaced in a westward direction and Upton Warren, for example, had upto six between the nineteenth and twenty-ninth. At least 60 Temminck's Stints were recorded, nationally, in the month, with a notable concentration on the seventeenth, when two occurred in the Region, one at Tittesworth and one at Kingsbury; probably a different bird stayed for three days, also at Kingsbury, from the twenty-second and there was another at Seeswood Pool on the twenty-fourth. The main Swi f t arrival occurred in mid-May, with good numbers at most major waters.

Winds shifted into an easterly/north-easterly quarter from the twenty first. A Marsh Harrier was first seen at Oakley on the twenty-third and may well have been the bird seen two days later, at Ladywalk, Kingsbury and Dosthill. The first Quail was found at Larford, on the twenty-fourth, with others arriving quickly thereafter and upto four were heard calling near Nuneaton. Further wader passage included Knot, Whimbrel and a number of Turnstone, with four of the latter at Blithfield. On the twenty-fifth, there was another Black-necked Grebe, this time at Kingsbury. The first Nightjar arrived on the twenty-seventh, at Fairoak, but they were late in and seemed down in numbers. On the twenty-eighth a pair of Black-winged Stilts was found at Alvecote, remaining until the fourth of June. They were seen copulating, but moved on when water levels rose. These were part of a national arrival, normally associated with premature drying out of their breeding grounds, forcing them north.

Milder, wetter south-westerly air returned on the twenty-ninth and perhaps hastened the arrival of the first Marsh Warbler into the Avon Valley. Unfortunately, this was one of only four singing males and the number of pairs dropped to three. On the thirtieth, a late Short-eared Owl arrived for a two day stay at Kingsbury. The month concluded in fine style. A ringtail Montagu's

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Harrier was recorded from Seckington and was part of an " inf lux" of this species nationally, most being reported earlier in the month from southern Britain; likewise a Hoopoe at Wilden was later than most other records in the country. Other birds on the twenty-first included a Merlin at Gradbach, a Little Tern at Belvide and nine Crossbills at Bentley Wood.

June is frequently regarded as THE month for "goodies'. The Region did have a few unusual birds but they showed themselves to few observers and generally the month was quiet. This was no doubt due to the inclement weather, which was wetter and cooler than average and winds were frequently north of east or west. Two Little Terns at Kingsbury on the first were followed by a single on the second. A bird which would have caused a minor stampede, was a Lesser Grey Shrike near Wythall, on the fourth, but regrettably it moved on quickly. It was the first for the Region. Also on the fourth, there was a Quail at Chasewater and a Little Gull at Sandwell. The following day, the fourth Wryneck of the year showed briefly at Arrow Valley Lake but the Black-necked Grebe finally left Sheepwash U.P. after a five week stay. Nationally, Little Stints continued to pass through and one occurred at Kingsbury on the sixth, with a Wood Sandpiper at Upton Warren the same day. Heavy showers on the sixth and seventh brought good numbers of Sw i f t to the bigger waters and 1000 and 2000 were estimated at Coton and Blithfield, respectively. Four Scaup at Westport on the eighth was most unusual. On the same day, two Buzzards occurred at Doxey and a further two Little Terns passed through Blithfield. A Sandwich Tern was at Westwood on the tenth and five days later. Common Tern numbers peaked at Chasewater with 15. In mid-month, an elusive Hoopoe appeared on and off at Hartlebury Common and another bird was found in Coventry on the eighteenth. By June, good numbers of Black Redstarts were found on territory in their Birmingham City Centre stronghold. On the sixteenth, a Kitt iwake was an unexpected find at Wasperton and three days later an adult Little Gull was at Kingsbury. A singing Marsh Warbler favoured Brandon for one day on the twenty-first. A male Common Scoter occurred at Bittell on the twenty-fourth and on the twenty-seventh, a flock of 23 Curlew were seen at Middle Hills, suggesting early territory departure and poor breeding success. Indeed, earlier breeding birds faired quite well in the good April weather and the proceeding bumper caterpillar crop, but later breeding birds such as Swallow, House Martin and Swi f t appeared to do less well. Fortunately, Sand Martins continued their steady recovery.

The weather improved dramatically at the very end of June and for the first two weeks of July real summer weather persisted; not surprisingly, therefore, birding was fairly quiet in a month which is normally fairly uneventful. The first returning waders arrived on the first and second, with six Black-tailed Godwits at Upton Warren and a Spotted Redshank at Elford, respectively. Quail continued to be much in evidence, with birds calling at Malvern, Upton Warren, Fradley, High Offley and upto four near Pattingham. Seven more Black tailed Godwi ts f lew over Coton and there was a Little Gull at Belvide, all on the fifth. Wood Warblers are particularly uncommon on migration and the only one seen

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on return passage occurred at Sandwell Valley on the early date of July the ninth. Seven Crossbills were seen on Cannock Chase on the twelfth. Further waders passed through, with a few Whimbrel, 50 Curlew at GibTorr, two more Black-tailed Godwits, at Kingsbury, and 605 Lapwings at Bredon's Hardwick. Four male Common Scoter were at Belvide on the tenth, with a male at Draycote on the eighteenth and a pair at Chillington the day after.

The anticyclone moved away on the sixteenth and colder more northerly air replaced it until the end of the month, precipitating further wader passage, including a few Knot, a number of Wood Sandpipers, a Curlew Sandpiper, at Blithfield and good numbers of Green Sandpipers, with at least 20 at Upton Warren. An eclipse male Garganey, which appeared at Kingsbury on the fifteenth, remained until the end of the month and a Buzzard at Earlswood on the eighteenth may have been the same bird at Kingley three days before. 142 Great Crested Grebes present at Blithfield in mid-month was a reflection of consistent high water levels and good breeding success. It is disturbing to report, however, that Mute Swans continue to be subject to unnecessary human disturbance. A pen was killed on the nest at Sandwell Valley and an adult and brood of seven were killed by oil pollution at Stubbers Green. On a more positive note, a count of 32 Little Ringed Plover at Kingsbury reflected a good breeding year and Mallard were also reported to have done well in the Region. Hobbies were reported from Elmdon Park, Sheepwash U.P. and Solihull Town Centre during the month. Reasonable numbers of Swi f ts were noted, too, with 500 at Upton Warren on the twenty-fourth and passage earlier in the month was probably a reflection of

14

abandoned nesting due to the cold weather. From the twenty-sixth, two pairs of Quail, plus a separate male, were present at Needwood Airfield until August the sixteenth. The twenty-seventh was a particularly good day, with a Long-tailed Skua passing through Blithfield and a Rose-coloured Starling being found in Hockley, Tamworth, the first record for the Region this century. Unusual sea birds in the latter half of the month included a Fulmar flying north over Worcestershire Beacon, on the twenty-first, and a Gannet at Far Forest oh the thirtieth.

Winds remained in the northern half of the compass throughout the first ten days of August. This was largely due to blocking high-pressure areas in the Atlantic, which caused cool northerly air to pass over the country. Passage was quiet. An immature Peregrine was a good find at Sheepwash on the first and over the next few days, there were Knot at Kingsbury, Curlew Sandpiper, Sanderling and Black-tailed Godwit at Blithfield and the latter, plus Whimbrel was extra at Upton Warren. A Buzzard over Solihull on the third was one of five seen in different localities throughout the month and Hobbies were regularly reported. The second Long-tailed Skua of the year passed over the boating lake and Flashes at Upton Warren, on the eighth. Ten Common Terns at Sandwell on the tenth may have included some Kingsbury birds, as the colony there had its best ever breeding success, 20 pairs rearing 56 young. There was a Kit t iwake at Rudyard on the ninth. From the tenth, the high-pressure area moved south and variable weather persisted from the west until the twenty-second. There was a slight increase in the variety of birds recorded but disappointingly, wader passage was relatively poor. Despite this, there were Spotted Redshanks at Brandon, Belvide, Elford and Kingsbury, further Whimbrel, upto six Ruff at Blithfield and 14 and eight Oystercatchers at Draycote and Coton respectively. Green Sandpiper numbers remained strong, with 21 at Brandon and 16 at Kingsbury and at Upton Warren. A female Garganey spent two days at Brandon from the eleventh, with a Quail at Alrewas on the same date. The early departure of Swi f ts was reflected in the fact that the only sizeable gathering of the month, was 80 at Bittell on the eleventh. Both Black-headed Gulls and Canada Goose numbers built up; of the latter, 325 were at Bittell, 394 at Blithfield, 300 at Kingsbury, 260 at Sandwell, whilst 2000 of the former were present at Alvecote and 600 at Upton Warren. 21 Arct ic Terns passed through Blithfield on the fourteenth and two Black Terns were at Sandwell on the same day; nationally Tern passage was good for much of the month. 17 Common Terns at The Somerson the twentieth were no doubt overspills from Kingsbury. On the same date, an eclipse male Garganey and four Spotted Redshanks occurred at Upton Warren and the following day, 18 Black-tailed Godwits circled Belvide, before heading south.

On the twenty-second, a low pressure area that had passed over Britain, was temporarily blocked over the North Sea and this led to north-easterly winds drawing in cooler air from Scandinavia. These winds led to classic East Coast fall conditions and although none of the rarities made it to the Midlands, there was increased migration activity. On the twenty-second itself, there was Peregrine

15

and Grey Plover at Blithfield, a Black-tailed Godwit at Upton Warren, Spotted Redshanks at Sheepwash U P. and Edgbaston Reservoir and a Turnstone at Belvide. The north-easterlies began to tell by the twenty-third. There was a male Common Scoter at Draycote, an Osprey at Tittesworth and Knot, Sanderling, Little Stints, Turnstones and Whimbrel were all present in the Region. Draycote also had one Great and two Arct ic Skuas, together wi th a Black Tern and there was another at Kingsbury; in addition there was a Little Gull at Belvide and nine Arct ic Terns at Blithfield. Further Knot, Black-tailed Godwits and Whimbrel passed through and upto 10 Greenshanks were present at Kingsbury at this time. A good Swal low roost, of upto 1500 birds, built up at Brandon. There were upto 34 Herons at Ladywalk in this period and birds were seen to land on swimming Cormorants and steal fish from them! From the twenty-third and into September, Wheatears were reported in small numbers with four at Upton Warren, seven at Sheepwash U P. and into double figures on North Hill, Malvern. Brierley Hill Pools witnessed a Peregrine on the twenty-fifth. Two days later, a female Marsh Harrier was seen at Brandon and another Arctic Skua passed through, this time at Belvide and reflected good Skua passage nationally, particularly from the twenty-second onwards. On the twenty-eighth and ninth two Sandwich Terns and an Osprey were seen on the Trent in different spots. Also on the twenty-ninth, a Hobby was seen to be forced into a tree by the mobbing activities of a bat; a Quail, wi th young, was seen at Ettingham and 84 Curlew roosted at Upton Warren. In the last two days of the month. Spotted Redshanks were seen at Dosthill, Kingsbury and Upton Warren, two Black Terns were at Coton and a marked passage of Spotted Flycatchers took place, with at least 12 at Sandwell Valley on the thirtieth.

The weather at the end of August and the beginning of September was again variable, with some fronts moving slowly eastwards, drawing in occasional north-easterly winds, and at other times warm westerly air persisted. Some depressions rushed across in the first and second weeks, causing good seabird watching on the west coast. The north-easterlies were no doubt responsible for the sighting of an immature Gannet over the Birmingham Welsh Rugby Club on the first and possibly 13 Ruff on flood meadows at Wychnor, though they may have been displaced from Blithfield where water levels became too high. The weather was clearly good enough to allow a feeding Hobby to catch dragonflies at Brierley Hill Pools. Two juvenile Black-winged Sti l ts arrived at Belvide, remaining until the seventh. These were presumed to be the offspring of the pair that bred at Holme in Norfolk, the first successful breeding record since just after the War. On the second, a Little Gull was sighted at Belvide together wi th a Peregrine; two of the latter were there the day after and also one at Upton Warren. A good passage of Whinchats took place in the early part of the month, wi th a maximum of 21 at Sandwell. A Red-necked Grebe, in breeding plumage, graced Belvide on the third, when a Cett i 's Warbler was first located at Upton Warren. Westerlies had returned by the fifth and brought with it a Manx Shearwater, which was found in Wednesfield. There was also a Sandwich Tern at Larford and up to 15 Spotted Flycatchers at Upton Warren. Belvide proved

16

relatively good for waders at the beginning of the month despite a poor national passage, with Knot, Whimbrel, Spotted Redshank and up to 10 Greenshanks all present; also, a Hen Harrier occurred there on the sixth, remaining until the twentieth. On the seventh, the last Cuckoos of the year were seen on North Hill, and also at Sandwell where upto 12 Cormorant were present, a notable count there. Another Manx Shearwater was found in Worcestershire on the eighth and later released, successfully, on the Severn Estuary. There was a Short-eared Owl at Dixham and the last Tree Pipit of the year on The Malverns, both on the same date. The first Stonechat of the autumn occurred at Doxey on the ninth, as further Wood Sandpipers also passed through, with at least five in Worcestershire in a short period. Two Black-necked Grebes stayed at Belvide from the tenth until the eighteenth, whilst at Draycote, at least 100 Yellow Wagtails (part of a good Regional passage) and a Shag were present. The last Swif ts were seen on the twelth and two further exhausted Manx Shearwaters were found, on the thirteenth and fifteenth, both being successfully released. A Swal low roost at Brandon of 2500 attracted the last Warwickshire Hobby on the fourteenth, whilst a remarkable 15000 Swallows roosted at Trent Vale at a similar time. A tremendous return passage of Ring Ousels on The Malverns started on the thirteenth, wi th the first three then, rising to 13 on the seventeenth and 15 on the twenty-fifth. Notable Chif fchaff passage occurred, too, with 12 at Nafford on the thirteenth, 12 at Blithfield on the fifteenth and 20 in Happy Valley on the seventeenth. Some of these may have been associated with a period of easterly winds from the fifteenth until the twenty-second, at least in the north of the country, as may a Wryneck in a Knowle garden. Also on the fifteenth, there was a Hobby over Birmingham City Centre, a Sandwich Tern at Belvide and 15 Whinchat at Castlemorton Common. An Osprey and a Garganey at Ladywalk (probably the Kingsbury bird) both occurred on the sixteenth, as did a Grey Phalarope, found on little more than a puddle near Netherton Reservoir. This find was a reflection of notable numbers blown inshore on the west coast during the onshore winds. A Peregrine was present at Needwood on the eighteenth and Lapwings built upto 2000 at Branston. There were single Sandwich and Black Terns at Kingsbury, with six of the latter at Blithfield. Curlews peaked at 114 at Upton Warren on the nineteenth, but fell progressively thereafter; there was also a Grey Plover at Sandwell and 12 Black Terns and a Black-tailed Godwit at Draycote. Despite easterlies further north and fairly still weather in the Midlands on the twentieth, a Manx Shearwater at Bittell and a Leach's Petrel at Draycote were presumably part of the concentration blown inshore on the west coast a few days earlier. The Kingsbury Garganey finally left, having arrived in July, a late Grasshopper Warbler was seen at Church Lench and two Ravens at The Roaches.

A slow change in the weather took place from about the twenty-second. Winds, which on that date were south-westerly, slowly changed to the north as an anticyclone developed over the Atlantic. Some fairly strong north-westerlies developed over the next few days and brought in some unusual birds. A Pectoral Sandpiper arrived at Belvide on the twenty-third, remaining until the fifth of

17

October. Two days later, a second Leach's Petrel was seen, this time at Blithfield and a Honey Buzzard was a very good sighting at Hartlebury. There was also Little Stint at Upton Warren, Spotted Redshank at Belvide and five Oystercatchers at Stretton. A Great Skua at Belvide and a Rock Pipit at Draycote on the twenty-sixth were followed the day after by a remarkable third Leach's Petrel, which was seen at Chasewater, Sandwell and Bartley. On the same day, a Black-necked Grebe occurred at Shustoke and two immature Common Sandpipers arrived at Kingsbury, staying until October the fourth.

A gradual change to south-easterly winds took place at the end of the month and may have been the cause of the arrival of a Spotted Crake at Sandwell Valley on the twenty-eighth. A Peregrine also arrived in the Tame Valley and wintered there. A marked movement of Meadow Pipits, nationally, from the middle of the month, manifested itself in the Region towards the end and may have brought a Rock Pipit to Chasewater. Finally, the first Fieldfare of the autumn was seen at Sandwell.

South-easterly winds continued throughout the first week of October, as a result of an anticyclone over Europe. Despite good numbers of such birds as Yellow-browed Warblers elsewhere in the country, no such overshoots were found in the Region. On the second, a Manx Shearwater which was found at Dunstall, was successfully released near Bristol, two days later. A Little Gull occurred at Westport the same day. Four Pintails stayed at Ladywalk for a few days, from the fourth and three male Red-crested Pochards arrived at Coton the same day, two remaining until the tenth. The last Little Ringed Plover was seen, at Kingsbury and a Red-breasted Merganser and two Short-eared Owls were present at Lea Marston, the latter staying until the year end. The remarkable passage of Ring Ousels on the Malverns continued, with six on the third and twelve on the twenty-sixth, with an almost continuous presence in between. Amongst these were flocks of upto 40 Song Thrushes and some Blackbirds, part of a huge arrival of thrushes, which spread south from the Northern Isles. Also on the third, there was a Rock Pipit at Draycote. On the fourth, there were two Peregrines at Pirton Pool, two Little Stints at Needwood Airfield and a Curlew Sandpiper at Bittell. 15 Redshanks were at Bittell, grounded by thick fog, there was a further Rock Pipit, this time at Sandwell and the last Reed Warbler (Upton Warren) and Spotted Flycatcher (Westwood) were seen. Belvide held an immature Pectoral Sandpiper and two Rock Pipits on the fifth.

The fifth was a fairly still day, but by the sixth the wind had changed to the south-west, bringing in heavy showers. A good west coast passage of Goldcrest (250 day-maximum on Bardsey) was reflected within the Region and likewise, Skylark movement was also noticed and flocks of upto 150 were counted at Needwood Airfield, for example. Dabchick counts were disappointingly low again, however. On the seventh, a Little Stint arrived at Belvide for a week's stay. Two Black-necked Grebes and one Slavonian Grebe arrived at Sutton Park, Sandwell and Chasewater respectively, between the eighth and tenth. Upton Warren held the last Sedge Warbler on the eighth, the Spotted Crake left

18

Sandwell on the ninth, but a Short-eared Owl was at Elford on the tenth. A Manx Shearwater at Amblecote on the twelfth was probably blown in on one of the weather fronts moving up from the Atlantic. Over the next three days, birds of note included a flock of 700 Golden Plover at Hartshill, an adult Curlew Sandpiper at Kingsbury, a Brent Goose at Belvide and a late Redstart and Chif fchaff at Fisherwick and Sandwell respectively. Indeed, many migrants were late leaving, begging the question as to whether they were native birds or passage migrants.

Unnoticed by most people, including, seemingly, the weather-men, a deep low developed over the Bay of Biscay on the fifteenth. Over the night of the sixteenth, this relatively small but fast moving and violent depression ripped across southern and south-eastern England, causing widespread damage. Winds were recorded at speeds of over 100 m.p.h., pressure dropped to 957 millibars and it was regarded as the worst storm since 1705, when thousands of people were kiJIed. As dawn broke, the force of the "Great Gale" was slowly realised. Aerial photographs later revealed the full extent of the devastation, wi th vast areas of woodland completely flattened, buildings ripped apart, power lines brought dowri, land flooded and in places, the landscape completely altered. The Midlands was on the edge of the depression and did not really suffer to any degree, but as so often happens with unusual or downright abnormal weather, the effect on birds is sometimes more widespread than the weather feature and this was indeed the case. Whilst no Sabines Gulls were definitely recorded (most being centred around London), birds such as Skuas and Little Gulls showed a more northerly bias. Of a conservative estimate of 130 Grey Phalaropes blown inshore or inland, the Region registered at least six, possibly seven, between the sixteenth and eighteenth, with two at Arrow Valley Lake and singles at Belvide, Blithfield, Bittell, Chasewater and Draycote. Little Gulls were recorded at a number of locations, with upto three at Belvide and a Mediterranean Gull at Bredon'sHardwick(and later at Upton Warren) may well have been a similar victim. Draycote had a Great Skua and Chasewater a Pomarine. A Black Tern at Belvide for three days from the nineteenth could also have been blown in. Other birds at this time included a Common Scoter at Bartley, a Wheatear at Alvecote and a Peregrine at Upton Warren. A total of 140 Shovelers at Ladywalk was notable, but otherwise numbers were poor.

From the nineteenth, until the end of the month, the weather improved. A high pressure area to the east led to fairly still clear weather, with light overnight frosts and occasional showers and mist. These conditions aided migration. There was a Red-throated Diver and a Grey Plover at Chasewater on the nineteenth and 350 Redwing at Blithfield the next day. Late summer migrants over the next few days included Wi l low Warbler and Whitethroat at Mill Green, Common Tern at Chasewater, Black Redstart at Oakley, Sand Mart in at Brierley Hill Pools, Blackcap at Lower Moor and a Black Tern at Upton Warren. Winter migrants included a Black-necked Grebe at Kingsbury on the twenty-second and two Whooper Swans at Blithfield on the twenty-fifth. From the twenty-first onwards, birds of prey included a Peregrine at Belvide and

19

Ladywalk, Merlins at Bredon's Hardwick, a Hen Harrier at Barlaston Down and a Buzzard at Doxey. Two Common Sandpipers arrived at Draycote on the twenty-fifth, staying until the year end and a Purple Sandpiper joined them on the thirtieth. An interesting record was of a Kingfisher seen in flight over Spaghetti Junction on the twenty-seventh. As usual, Stonechats drifted into the Region and 14 were recorded in the month. Rarer Buntings are relatively unusual in the Region, so that upto two Snow Buntings on Worcestershire Beacon and a Lapland Bunting at Chasewater, all in the last nine days, were the first of a series of unusual records. There was a Rock Pipit at Sheepwash U.P. on the thirtieth and the last few days of October witnessed the arrival of a few Scaup.

The first week of November continued mild and settled. Peregrines occurred at Bittell, Kingsbury and Upton Warren. On the first. Ringed Plovers at Betley Mere and Doxey and a late Little Stint at Upton Warren were really the last of the passage waders. Two Rock Pipits arrived at Blithfield and remained throughout the month. Ring Ousel passage on the Malverns continued unabated with 10 on the first, four on the eighth, two on the fourteenth and the last on the twenty-second. A late Garden Warbler occurred at Upton Warren. There were two Snow Buntings at Brierley Hill Pools and six on North Hill had risen to eight the next day, but dropped to five by the eighth. Black Redstarts were seen at Worcestershire Beacon on the second, and one at Stretton on the sixth stayed until the fourteenth. Sheepwash U.P. continued to attract relatively unusual birds for an urban location, with a Short-eared Owl there from the second until the thirteenth. A Merlin was seen briefly, at Blithfield, on the third. A further small movement of Meadow Pipits occurred over the next few days, with upto 50 at Larford on the tenth. There was another Rock Pipit, this time at Westport, on the fifth. A Mediterranean Gull at The Nook, Bedworth on the seventh, was surpassed by a Rustic Bunting at Upton Warren; it was seen briefly that evening before going to roost, but was not relocated the following day. Numbers of Fieldfares built up, with upto 500 at Blithfield, 2000 at Kingsbury and 750 at Ladywalk.

The weather began to change from the eighth, as westerly air pushed in, temperatures rose and it became wetter and windier. Two Bearded Tits were first seen at Upton Warren on the eighth and seemed to commute between there and Westwood, until the twenty-eighth. A count of 14000 Black-headed Gulls was made at Draycote and a female Common Scoter was present there between the ninth and fifteenth. At a similar time, over 1000 Golden Plover were present in the Alvecote/Dordon area. Upto four Jack Snipe were seen at both Upton Warren and Belvide and a very late House Mart in was at Upton Snodsbury on the eleventh. Over the next two days, there was a major arrival of Barnacle Geese, with two at Blithfield, eight at Bittell, 46 over Sandwell Valley and 53 over Branston. Within three days, the Bittell flock had risen to 120 and on the fourteenth, 86 Pink-footed Geese f lew over Tittesworth. Upto 40 Cormorants commuted between Ladywalk and Kingsbury during the month and there were a number of roosts of Pied Wagtails, with 75 at Dordon, 50 at Golden Valley Pool and 250 at Upton Warren. Red-breasted Mergansers were seen at

20

Westport on the twelfth and Rudyard two days later. Also on the fourteenth, four "Northern" Bullfinches were seen in Brackenhurst Plantation, two Snow Buntings on Worcestershire Beacon and a Buzzard at Doxey. Further Snow Buntings were present at Draycote and Sandwell Valley on the fifteenth, the latter staying for three days, with a male Hen Harrier there for the same length of time. Although known to occur in the Region, Goshawks are notoriously elusive, so one at Newborough on the fifteenth must have been a pleasant surprise. There was a different Peregrine at Kingsbury and either a late or a wintering Common Sandpiper at Draycote, both on the same date. Reasonable numbers of Snipe built up, with records of 40 at Belvide and 47 at Blithfield. Rare warblers are generally not located inland and so the discovery of a Pallas's Warbler in a tit flock at Westwood was unexpected; there was a small influx in November of at least 20 birds and another was recorded inland, in Shropshire. Parties of Scaup were seen at Blithfield (five on the fifteenth) and Tittesworth (four on the twentieth).

Cold northerly air prevailed from the twenty-first to the twenty-eighth, the winds varying from north to north-easterly. A male Common Scoter and a Merlin were at Draycote on the twenty-first and a Grey Plover at Blithfield. Yet another Snow Bunting was discovered on The Malverns, this time in Happy Valley. Kit t iwakes were reported from both Belvide and Westport on the twenty-second and a count of 3000 Lesser Black-backed Gulls was made at Draycote. A Water Pipit arrived at Coton that day and stayed until at least the twenty-seventh of December. On the twenty-third, there were two immature Whooper Swans at Bittell, a Red-breasted Merganser at Chasewater and a very late Wheatear at Strensham. At least four Short-eared Owls were seen over the next few days, at Blithfield, Castlemorton Common, Doxey and Upton Warren. Codsall held a Brent Goose and a Mediterranean Gull on the twenty-seventh and no doubt due to the other birds and therefore birders there, a Chif fchaff was seen in Happy Valley on the twenty-eighth. On the twenty-ninth, 10 Bewick's Swans arrived at Draycote, staying into December, and a Merlin was seen there again. There was also a Snow Bunting at Holt and the cooler weather brought an Iceland Gull to Westport. The month closed quietly as warm, wetter air returned and the only bird of note was a female Red-breasted Merganser at Kingsbury, which stayed until December the sixth.

Although December started mild, it quickly turned cold as an anticyclone drew in high north-easterly winds until the middle of the month. The cool air from the North Sea nevertheless brought in much cloud and helped to keep temperatures just above freezing most of the time. A reasonable variety of winter birds was recorded, with Redwings and Fieldfares being particularly common and in flocks of well over 1000. In contrast, Bramblings were scarce. Two Smew and a Red-breasted Merganser arrived at Draycote on the second and by the thirteenth the former had risen to five. The following day, two Common Scoter were present there and a Merlin dashed through The Somers, near Meriden. Over the next few days, Blithfield was fairly lively, with six Whooper Swans, 17 White-fronted Geese and a Slavonian Grebe. There was another Common

21

Scoter at Tittesworth and further Merlins at Brand Plantation, Elford and Throckmorton. The Curlew roost at Upton Warren still totalled 37 on the sixth. On the seventh, there was a Mediterranean Gull at Draycote and another at Westporttwo days later. Large numbers of Little Auks were blown into the North Sea around our coasts in November, where the relatively unsuitable feeding conditions, compared to the Arctic waters, caused some losses. It was not surprising, perhaps, but nevertheless disappointing that dead ones were found both in Worcestershire and Staffordshire. Reasonable flocks of Lapwing had become established by this time, with 2000 at Dunstal and Hixon and 2300 at Powick. There was a Stonechat at Hollybed Common and a Chi f fchaff at Basford, both on the tenth. The cooler weather, led to a good arrival of birds between the eleventh and thirteenth. Tittesworth held a Long-tailed Duck until the thirty-first (except for the twenty-first, when it was at Rudyard). In addition to the Smew, Draycote had a second Mediterranean Gull and three Knot. There were seven Bewick's Swans at Alvecote and three at Larford and three Bean and one Pink-footed Goose were at Belvide, staying until the year's end. 60 Great Black-backed Gulls and nine White-fronted Geese were present at Blithfield. A (or the) Great Grey Shrike returned to the Sherbrook Valley and a male Bearded Tit occurred at Strensham until the end of the month. Two Stonechats arrived at Doxey and unexpectedly, there was a Bar-tailed Godwit at Bittell perched on the ice. A further Snow Bunting occurred, this time at Seighford.

From the sixteenth, the colder easterlies were replaced by milder westerly weather, with some rain. By this stage. Pochard and Tufted Ducks had built up, with over 2000 and 1000, respectively at Coton. Teal numbers were also better than in the spring. On the sixteenth, 318 Dunlin were counted at Bredon's Hardwick. The following day, six Bewick's Swans were at Arrow Valley Lake and a pair of Smew were present at Branston, until the thirty-first. A redheaded Smew spent two days at Trentham, from the nineteenth. An immature Black-throated Diver arrived at Chasewater on the twentieth and saw the year out. This was one of only a few inland records of divers during the month and the impression given was of lower diver numbers than usual, nationally. Also on the twentieth, Warwickshire had its first Ring-billed Gull, with a bird at Coton. A Chiffchaff was seen feeding on gnats in a Knowle garden on the twenty-first and a Green Woodpecker did not make Christmas at Ladywalk, after being taken by a Sparrowhawk in a long struggle. On the twenty-second, there was a Merlin at Westwood and another at Bredon's Hardwick, four days later; there was also a Knot there on the twenty-fourth and another at Blithfield the next day. A single Whooper Swan was at Belvide on the twenty-fifth and an immature Long-tailed Duck arrived at Chasewater on the following day, for a two day stay. The numbers of Skylarks continued to drop, with only 50 at Needwood Airfield by the end of the month, as opposed to 150 in October, but there were at least 150 Stock Doves there.

The last few days were equally mild but were very wet and windy. On the twenty-eighth, there was an Iceland Gull at Draycote and a Chif fchaff at Beech.

22

The following day, the winds brought a Kitt iwake to Blithfield and in addition, there was a Red-breasted Merganser at Westport until the year's end and a Merlin at Upton Warren. As Barnacle Geese numbers dropped to 90 at Bittell, the year concluded with a flock of 76 White-fronted Geese over Bredon.

N P Barlow

23

Hon. Treasurer's Report

There was unfortunately a deficit shown on the Income and Expenditure Account for the year 1987. However, this can be accounted for by exceptional items of expenditure, such as the purchase of Display Stands and material and by a donation of £500 to the British Trust for Ornithology. The Display Stands are already proving their worth, and have helped to bring the Club and its activities to the notice of a wider section of the public.

The Belvide Account also shows a deficit and this was also due to exceptional items of expenditure, including Professional fees in relation to detailed negotiations wi th the Landlords and the Grazing Tenant.

Despite these two deficits the overall financial position of the Club remains strong and we can look forward to the future wi th confidence.

K A Webb Honorary Treasurer

WEST MIDLAND BIRD CLUB

Income and Expenditure Account Year Ended 31 st December 1987

1987 1986 Income £ £

Subscriptions received 9,568.00 9,401 Sale of Reports 172.20 121 Interest received 2,266.06 1,816 Reservoirs (permit fees) 1,899.00 1,854 Gifts and Donations 58.30 47 Sale of checklists and car stickers 33.40 27 Advertising Income 109.00 168 Commission on sale of books etc 85.00 3 Raffles and Peanut sales (net) 143.34 31

Total Income 14,334.30 13,468

Expenditure Solihull Branch and Stafford Branch 600.00 600 Indoor Meetings 9 1 5 . 1 9 7 4 4 Reports 4,470.00 3,450 Bulletins 3,716.66 3,335 Printing, Stationery and Postages 2,510.00 2 ,479 Reservoirs — Permit Fees & Insurance 1,445.00 1,335 Subscriptions and Donations 542.50 280 Sundry Expenses 383.01 101 Open Day — net costs 25.00 252 Car Stickers _ 219 Display Stands and Material 694.05 —

Total Expenditure £15,301.41 £12,795

Surplus/(Deficit) for the year (£967.11) 673

24

WEST MIDLAND BIRD CLUB

Belvide — Income and Expenditure Account Year Ended 31st December 1987

1987 1986

£ £ Income

Permits & Field Meetings 2.196.76 2,003 Interest received 6.61 17 Donations 37.53 4 Grazing 11.21 89 Birds of Belvide 8.00 8

Total Income £2,260.11 £2,121

Expenditure Professional Fees 547.40 — Reserve Maintenance 200.42 13 Keys 45.85 — Rent 1,248.45 1,452 Car Park Rent 62.00 62 Car Stickers 165.49 — Postage, Stationery etc 141.47 25 Payment to Grazing Tenant 250.00 —

Total Expenditure £2,661.08 £1,552

Surp!us/(Deficit) for the year (£400.97) £569

We have examined the accounts set out on pages 23 to 25. In our opinion these accounts give a true and fair view of the state of the Club's affairs at 31 st December 1987 and of the excess of expenditure over income for the year ended on that date.

Lichfield 14th July, 1988

Dain & Co. Chartered A ccountants

25

WEST MIDLAND BIRD CLUB

Balance Sheet — 31st December 1987

1987 1986

£ £ Fund Balances — 1 st January 1987

General Fund 16.197.24 14,955 Birds of West Midlands Fund 4.377.26 3.866 Conservation and Reserves Fund 515.09 —

£21.089.59 £18,821

Cost less Sales of Belvide Natural History (2,012.58) — Surplus/(Deficit) — Main Account ( 967.11) 673 Surplus/fDeficit) — Belvide Account ( 400.97) 569 Sales of Birds of the West Midlands 330.10 512 Net Proceeds of Sponsored Bird Watch 411.91 18,450.94 515

£21.090

Fund Balances at 31st December 1987 General Fund 14,829.16 16,197 Birds of West Midlands Fund 4.707.36 4.378 Conservation and Reserves Fund 927.00 515 Belvide Bird Reserve — A Natural History Fund (2,012.58)

f18,450.94 £21,090

Represented by:— Fixed Asset

F. Dale Reserve at cost 7,500.00 7,500

Current Assets National Savings Income Bond 8,000.00 8,000 Cash at Bank 17.350.26 14.994 Halifax Building Society 303.44 762 Sundry Debtors 290.00 178

£25,943.70 £23,934

Total Assets 33,443.70 31,434

Less Current Liabilities Subscriptions in advance 2,527.00 2,021 Permit Fees in advance 2,106.91 1,997 Sundry Creditors (incl. Annual Report) 10.358.85 6.326

£14,992.76 £10,344

Total Net Assets £18,450.94 £21,090

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Secretary's Report

1987 has been a notable year and it is especially pleasing to record the thirt ieth anniversary of the founding of the Staffordshire Branch, which came into being on 25 Apri l 1957. Al l credit is due to the Branch Committee and its dedicated membership. The Club is of course, very appreciative of the work going on at its branches both at Stafford and at Solihull.

A number of important events took place during the year. International Dawn Chorus Day on May 3 was disrupted somewhat by appalling weather conditions and Bird Watch Europe, an event held later in the month and designed to introduce people to the joys of birdwatching, was a great success. The Club were on hand at three locations, namely Doxey Marshes, Belvide and Kingsbury Water Park.

Once again, we were given the opportunity to join w i th the RSPB in a presentation of f i lm shows at Birmingham Town Hall on Apri l 22, and at Solihull Library Theatre on the 6th November; the former show has been a regular feature in our calendar for the last twenty one yearsl

A new WMBC publication, Belvide Bird Reserve - a Natural History by David Smallshire, was duly launched, and has assisted in bringing to the attention of birdwatchers from wi th in and beyond our region the importance of one of the prime birdwatching sites in the Midlands.

October 7 saw a new chapter in the parent Club's history, when it agreed to move the indoor meeting venue from the Birmingham and Midland Institute to the Josiah Mason Lecture Theatre, Central Library Concourse. It is hoped that the improved facilities there wi l l meet the Club's requirements in the years ahead. Our thanks to Alan Richards for providing an interesting and varied selection of speakers, and to Charles Brown, Roy Galloway, Tom Leach and Ken Webb for assisting in the projection room.

Indoor Meetings - Birmingham

January Mike Wilkes 'Birds of the Gambia' February Annual General Meeting and Film Night March David Boag The Puffin' Apri l David Cottridge 'Strangers in our Land' May J Blincow 'Birdwatching on the West Coast USA' October RSPB Films 'Pinkfoot', 'Birds of the Grey Wind', 'Street to the Isles' November Mike Read 'Wildlife of the North-East Greenland' December Valerie MacFarland 'Bird Behaviour'

The Club's newdisplay stands have proved to be invaluable and are being put on show at libraries throughout the region. The WMBC has been represented at the RSPB Members' Weekend at Warwick University and also at special events at Coombe Abbey, Hanch Hall, Kidderminster, Solihull Conservation Fair, Stoneleigh and Woodgate Valley. Our thanks to Daphne Dunstan, Bert Coleman and helpers for sparing the t ime to promote the Club in this way.

H M MacGregor

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Field Meet ing Secretary's Report

A total of fourteen Field Meetings was held during the year, twelve day trips and two weekend meetings, to Devon and Norfolk.

The venues were:

Slimbridge Elan Valley Rutland Water Point of Ayr Wyre Forest Chew Valley Ludlow Wyre Forest & Upton Warren Ouse Washes Southport /Mart in Mere Goyt Valley Bittell & Lickey

All the meetings were well attended and some good birdwatching was enjoyed by all. The highlight of the year was the trip to Chew Valley, which took place just after the October storm. Rarities abounded, including Grey Phalarope, Pomarine Skua, Sabine's Gull, Whiskered Tern and others. Most of the people on the coach came back wi th at least three 'lifers'.

The Goyt Valley was a new venue, wi th a good variety of birds ranging from Ring Ousel at the top of the valley to the smaller woodland birds at the lower end of the valley.

I would like to thank all those who helped on the trips and all who supported the field meetings during the year. I would also like to apologise to those who, on occasions, were unable to join us owing to the coach being overbooked.

Stan Young Field Meeting Secretary

Permit Secretary's Report

Belvide 526 Blithfield 454 Ladywalk 505

Thanks to all those members who apply promptly for permits.

Miss M A Surman

Membership Secretary Report for 1 9 8 7

The Membership figure at December 31 ,1987 was 1754, this being made up of 1726 senior members and 28 junior members. There was an increase of 21 senior members but a decrease of 8 junior members during the year.

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Non-Payers deleted from the membership consisted of 170 seniors and 12 juniors.

Many new members were also members of the RSPB, the Wildfowl Trust and local Nature Trusts.

Research Sub-Commit tee

1987 was a year of significant change for the Research Sub-Committee. Much of the t ime was spent discussing its future and how it could best operate under the new arrangements outlined in last year's Annual Report.

In the early part of the year meetings continued to be held in Birmingham on the customary monthly basis. Attendances averaged around a dozen and the issues discussed ranged from the proposed partnership between the BTO and bird clubs such as the WMBC, to the results of the House Martin survey.

For the second part of the year, meetings were arranged every second or third month. Regrettably, far from having the hoped for effect of boosting numbers, attendances fell to an average of seven. Furthermore, it became apparent that whi lst the County Recorders' committees in Staffordshire and the West Midlands were gathering momentum, those in Warwickshire and Worcestershire were faltering after promising starts.

Despite the small attendances, the Sub-Committee dealt wi th a considerable amount of varied business. In addition to the issues already mentioned, comments were made on some 200 sites of importance to nature conservation in the West Midlands and representations were made to consultants engaged to undertake a management study for Sutton Park.

A number of other conservation issues were debated, as were the Lapwing census in Staffordshire and the proposed 1988 survey of Cannock Chase. Consideration was also given to the vexed question of site and species confidentiality in respect of the Annual Report and the Hotline, it being concluded that both services are maintaining the right balance. Finally, this was Philip Ireland's last year as Secretary and thanks are due to him for all his work over the past years. His place has been taken by Janet Harrison.

G R Harrison Chairman

Staffordshire Branch Report

1987 saw the thirt ieth anniversary of the Branch. Two of our members, Roy Went and Bevan Craddock, have worked on the Committee in one guise or another for all of that time. In appreciation of their services, they were presented wi th inscribed lead crystal goblets.

Indoor meetings were again well attended. In celebration of the anniversary, Eric Longman gave a talk in Newcastle, detailing his 30 years in birdwatching. Mart in

29

Kelsey gave a fascinating insight into the life of one of our rarest breeding species, the Marsh Warbler. Bill Jones and Geoff Cope took us to far off places, namely Iceland and Nepal respectively. Bert Coleman, champion Swan wrestler, gave an innovative talk entitled "Bird movements to and from the WMBC Area" in which he used ringing recoveries from the Club's files to show the origins and destinations of some of our birds. Tim Davies finally managed to give his talk on Lundy, while Euan Dunn gave a superb talk on Sea Terns and the problems that they face on their wintering grounds.

Field meetings took us to Sandbach Flashes, Chillington/Belvide/Chasewater, Kingsbury/Coton, Rutland Water, Ynys-hir/Tregaron and Upton Warren/ Trench Wood/Larford. Additional evening meetings were arranged, as an experiment, to the Churnet Valley and Cannock Chase. Both were very well attended.

At the AG M Kate Dale, Ray Cartlidgeand Pete Downing were elected to serve on the Committee. It was agreed that the County Recorder should be a permanent member of the Committee, so that Graham Evans relinquished his post as ordinary member.

John Bennett handed over the running of the Answerphoneto Eric Clare. John is to be congratulated for his initiative in starting what has become a very popular service to members.

The Committee has felt for some time that it was not doing enough to encourage younger members. In an attempt to remedy the situation, all local YOC leaders were circulated to see if they would be interested to attend a meeting with the Committee. It is hoped to arrange such a meeting next year.

We were pleasantly surprised to receive a donation of £200 from the mother of Paul Till, the previous Branch Treasurer. The money was to be spent on some project in Staffordshire and the possibility of building a hide at the Blackcock lek on Swallow Moss was mentioned.

Money from the Doxey Fund was used to buy tools and to help fund the construction of a viewing platform.

On the conservation front, John Martin undertook a survey of breeding birds on Cannock Chase. Belvide, Gailey, Doxey and Goat Lodge all gave cause for concern, Gailey and Goat Lodge, in particular, after the Nature Conservancy Council decided to de-notify the heronries, at both sites, as SSSIs, despite protests from the Club and other conservation bodies.

D. Emley.

Belvide Report

Although numbers of birds on the reserve were, on the whole, unexceptional, the total of at least 169 species was the highest annual count for many years.

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Three new species were added to the reserve list: Bean Goose, Hen Harrier and Little Auk.

During the month-long freeze in January, both Bewick's and Whooper Swans were recorded and a first-winter Glaucous Gull was in the roost in February.

Spring and early summer brought some interesting records, including a party of three Garganey, Scaup, summer-plumaged Red-necked Grebe, a displaying pair of Black-necked Grebes, Marsh Harrier, Snow Bunting and Hawfinch. There were two reports of a Barn Owl seen around the buildings at Hawkshutts Farms and an estimated 150 Sand Martins, on April 12, were a brief reminder of the days when this species was considered to be the commonest hirundine at the reservoir. A flock of 26 Ruff on April 17 was double the previous maximum and especially surprising in spring.

Generally cool and unsettled weather did not help breeding birds, but with an earlier thaw and higher spring water levels than in 1986, Mallard and Great Crested Grebe were noticeably more successful. Four Gadwall eventually flew from a brood which first appeared on the rather late date of July 16, only the second record of successful fledging at Belvide. At least one pair of Ruddy Ducks bred, after a blank year in 1986, but, sadly, neither of the nesting pairs of Mute Swans managed to raise any young, although one cygnet survived for several weeks.

The high water level was retained by British Waterways Board, during the summer and into the autumn, for structural checks to be made on the dam. Moulting flocks of Coot and Tufted Duck rose to 1150 and 440, respectively. However, with little exposed mud, wader-watching was disappointing during July and August, though a flock of 18 Black-tailed Godwits seen circling on August 21 was notable. With such a slow start to the autumn passage, prospects for September did not seem good; in fact it turned out to be an excellent month with two Black-winged Stilts, Pectoral Sandpiper, Great Skua, Red-necked and Black-necked Grebes and seven species of raptor, among the highlights.

The final quarter maintained the year's trend for relatively low numbers of waterfowl and waders, but with a sprinkling of unusual species to provide interest. The peak count of Ruddy Ducks was down by a third on recent years and Shoveler, too, were in smaller numbers though, in contrast, 229 Pochard in November was a high total. Other records of note included pale-bellied Brent Goose, Grey Phalarope following the "Great Storm" in October and, in December, Bittern, the fresh corpse of a Little Auk and three species of 'grey' goose including, remarkably, three Bean Geese on 13.

One major disappointment during the year was the failure to reach agreement with the Nature Conservancy Council on its proposals for limiting disturbance at Belvide, particularly from the angling activity, which has increased considerably in the last four years. In spite of protracted discussions and seemingly endless correspondence, the present provisional plan seems to offer little improvement beyond consolidating the status quo; this, as we have seen on past occasions,

31

can allow excessive disturbance of the wildfowl. However, it was heartening to hear that the boundary of the S S S I has now been extended to include the Reservoir Plantation that lies between the car-park and the first hide. Although this is not part of WMBC's lease and access is only by permission of the owner, the exclusion of livestock and the proposed management of the wood is welcome news.

Another positive step has been the committee's decision to "purchase the grazing rights". Technically, the Executors of the late Mr Blake sold any tenancy succession rights they might have had, around the reservoir to the WMBC. By controlling the timing and amount of grazing, it should now be possible to improve conditions for nesting wildfowl and waders.

1987 also saw the publication of Dave Smallshire's book "Belvide Bird Reserve -A Natural History". Dave has long since become part of the lore of Belvide and his tremendous enthusiasm and knowledge have kindled many a fellow-birder's interest in the site. As well as being an invaluable source of reference for those visiting Belvide, his book is a fitting testimony to the painstaking observation, recording and collation of data he has contributed over many years. It is certainly a very hard act to follow for those of us currently involved.

S. Jaggs

Ladywalk Reserve

There was a lot of very cold weather, once again, in the first quarter of the year, so the feeding areas at hides A and B were visited by a large number of birds and species, the notable absentee being House Sparrow. Twenty-three Cormorants and 14 Goosanders were seen in February. A redheaded Smew was recorded occasionally between February 11 and March 8, but Goldeneyes were scarce. Water Rails, 3 Pintails and a few Kingfishers were seen. Wigeon have clearly benefited from management work and 300 in February was a record total.

Some good wader totals occurred in spring, notably 24 Curlews on March 9 ,18 Redshank on April 5 (with one Spotted), and an unprecedented 30 Ruff on April 15. From mid-April, the weather was very warm and sunny for 3 weeks, bringing a fine selection of birds to the area. Four excellent species were recorded at Hams Hall and Ladywalk by Dr Martin Griffiths, a professional environmental consultant brought in by the RSPB to make a survey, for the CEGB, of the bird-life on the 997 acres of land they control at Hams Hall. These were Wryneck near A on April 17, Hoopoe on the power station site on 24, Firecrest in Sych Wood on April 28 and Night Heron near A on May 5. This took the site-total to 185, wi th three more in September: just when we expected it to grind slowly upwards, it has shot up again, with 11 species in the last 2 years.

Hobby, Greenshank, Whimbrel, Whinchat and Garganey had all appeared by early May, with an immature male Marsh Harrier on May 25: this was the sixth at Ladywalk, the fifth in May and the first male. This species has been annual in

32

recent years and Hen Harriers have also started to occur regularly (though not in 1987). The rapid expansion of Phragmites (Great Reed) in the last five or six years must be a significant factor.

Little Ringed Plovers lost their chicks on the marsh but a pair on the Power Station site were successful. Two or three pairs of Whinchats and one each of Black Redstart, Lesser Whitethroat and Grasshopper Warbler also bred on the Station site. At least four Grasshopper Warblers were reeling on the marsh early in May but I doubt that more than two pairs bred. It was in any case a much better year for this species. Turtle Dove, Tree Sparrow, Garden Warbler, Blackcap, Whitethroat, Green and Great Spotted Woodpeckers, Long-tailed, Coal & Willow Tits, Reed Warbler (about 20 pairs). Sedge Warblers & probably Treecreeper too, bred on or just off the Reserve areas. The Great Flood of June 19 must have done a great deal of damage to the scarce breeding ducks and to ground- and bank-nesting species such as Pheasant, Partridge, Sand Martin and Kingfisher. Some of the Marsh Helleborines spent a day underwater but flowered well a fortnight later.

The best bird of July was a Knot in full Summer plumage on 27. After the massive flood of August 23, levels were very high but the hard work of volunteers provided passing waders wi th an attractive muddy area. 34 Herons on 24 were a record total. Up to 10 Green and nine Common Sandpipers, 10 Snipe, six Greenshanks, a few Ringed and Little Ringed Plovers, one or two Dunlins and plenty of dabbling ducks were present in the new scrapes. Redstarts occurred twice in autumn on the Power Station site. Spotted Flycatcher and Tree Pipit once each on the Reserve and there was a very sound report of continental Chiffchafff by A in mid-September. Egyptian Goose on September 15, Osprey on 16 and Peregrine on 28 were all on or over the marsh and took the total to 188 species since 1957.

The first Redwings were two singles on October 21, the Peregrine re-appeared on 22 and the first 50 Fieldfares of an excellent autumn for this species were seen on 25. Water Rails were heard from both Hides and seen later from B. Things then went very quiet but a report of a strange Heron on November 21 by Main Pool was intriguing. On 27, I scanned the Phragmites bed in afternoon sunshine, 300 metres from A and noticed a 'ball of reeds' in a gap made by a Heron for fishing purposes. As it had not been there earlier in the week, I watched it until it moved, stretching upwards to reveal a beautifully-marked Bittern. It stabbed the water six or seven times, at lightning speed and seemed to be enjoying the sunshine in advance of a cold night. By the end of the year, I had seen it on 25 days and over 100 people had also been successful. It stuck it out by Main Pool during the freeze-up of early December and was still present after the major flood of January 2 1988. On several cold, sunny days it was out in the open for at least half the day, but did not tolerate a human presence closer than 300 yards, unless well concealed. There were well over 200 entries by permit-holders in December, which compares very favourably with the C E G B figures for 1980-1982: only 23 in December 1981, for instance. The box for donations raised £40 in the last weeks of the year, enabling us to provide plenty of food at A

33

and B. On some afternoons, a male Sparrow Hawk perched on a birdtable at A, waiting for the tits to come back, and a female often perched by the peanut holders as it got dark. In November, one took a Blue Tit from a nutholder at B, and on December 22nd Dave Buckingham, the RSPB's substitute surveyor for the injured Mark O'Brien, saw a male take a Green Woodpecker on the Power Station site. It needed half an hour to kill it and over an hour to eat it!

Also of note, was a record Shoveler total of 200 on September 30, and 38 Cormorants (also a record) on November 29 and December 6. There are apparently, plenty of fish and eels in most of the pools.

NUMBER OF SPECIES 1987: 131: equal to 1981 and exceeded only by 1978 (140) and 1979(133).

B. L. Kington. Hon. Head Warden

Solihull Branch Report

In the early spring, as usual, the branch took part in the Solihull Conservation Fair, which was held on the last Saturday and Sunday in March, in the Central Library. We find this occasion a good opportunity to present to the public the work and activities of the West Midland Bird Club, with particular reference to the Solihull branch.

At the A.G.M. in April, Maurice and Evelyn Hewitt, Chairman and secretary, and committee members, Reg Gill and Bun Dalley resigned. A vote was passed thanking them for all their work on our behalf. George Morley was elected chairman and the existing members shared the other functions between them.

The 1987/88 indoor programme began in October with an illustrated talk by local naturalist and photographer, Mike King. In November, Rob Fuller of the B.T.O. gave a thought provoking and informative lecture entitled "Woodland Birds", covering their habitat and territories, together with woodland ecology. At the final meeting of the year we were once again astounded at the creative photography of Mike Wilkes, who presented a slide show on "The Everglades and More".

The first full meeting of the season was to Bittell and was quite well attended, in spite of the weather, which, though mild, was wet and very muddy. The highlight of the morning, was a large flock of Barnacle geese grazing on a field above the upper reservoir. Other venues included Kingsbury Water Park and Coombe Abbey.

The increased attendance at the first three meetings of the 1987/88 season was subsequently maintained and we hope to continue the trend of 1988/89.

G A Morley

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THE 1986 HOUSE MARTIN SURVEY

Aims and Methods

The aim of the survey was two-fold; to find out something of the species' nesting habits and to discover whether the population in the Club's area was increasing, decreasing or remaining stable.

Enquiry forms were sent to every member of the Club; local naturalists' and RSPB groups were contacted; there was coverage in the press and on local radio, wi th members of the public being invited to send for a form on which to give details of nests on their houses. Thus the method employed was that of random sample, rather than an exhaustive census.

The questions were arranged under three headings; Site Details, Breeding Details, History of Site.

Results

Replies were received from 72 observers who reported on 126 colonies. Not every observer was able to provide an answer to every question. Almost everyone supplied details of type of building, wall-facing material, aspect, height and occupation. Information on the source of building mud and its distance away was given for about one-third of the total number of nests and a similar proportion of colonies provided a date when the birds were first seen. Approximately half the replies gave the years the site had been in use. The

35

question eliciting the least number of replies was the fledging date of the various broods; for only a handful of nests was this supplied.

The following is a summary of the main findings.

A. SITE DETAILS

1. Colony Size Reports were received from 126 colonies containing 908 nests, distributed in the following manner:

Nests per colony Number of colonies % 1 39 31 2 19 15 3 14 11 4 7 6 5 7 6

6-10 18 14 11-20 13 10 21-30 6 4 75-85 3 3

Just over two-thirds of all colonies consisted of five nests or less, a figure which is very similar to that found in a survey in East Lancashire (Bouldin, 1971). The largest colonies were at Cotton College (77 nests) and Alton Towers (81) in Staffordshire, and Whitacre Waterworks (82) in Warwickshire.

The average per colony works out at 7.2 nests but if the three largest sites are excluded this drops to 5.4, again a result which is very close to that of the earlier study.

2. Building Type

The species lived up to its name; 66% of all nests were built on dwellings of various kinds. The other sites chosen included inns, schools, waterworks, a church, a bank and a cowshed.

3. Wall-facing Material

Material Number of nests % Brick 512 59 Stone 203 23 Rendering 148 17 Wood 6 1

4. Aspect

Whilst there was no very obvious preference for facing a particular direction, nevertheless the arc from east via south round to south-west contained 58% of all nests.

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At individual sites, of course, birds may show a marked preference. For example, the colony at Hanchurch (Staffordshire) is situated on a square water tower whose identical sides face exactly the four main compass points. Over a period of several years, the south-facing side has proved a clear favourite with 41% of nests being sited on it compared with 24% on the west side, 19% on the north and 16% on the east. Even so, in 1984 the biggest number of nests was on the north side!

5. Height

80% of all nests were sited below 10 metres, wi th the bulk of them in the four to nine metres range. The highest recorded were at 30 metres.

6. Source of building mud

Information on this was supplied for only one-third of the total number of nests and showed that 58% were built with mud obtained from the edges of ponds, streams and canals. The rest took it from a variety of sources with muddy fields accounting for 22%, farmyards 12% and roadsides and building sites 4% each.

7. Distance to mud-source

Although details of this were supplied for only one-third of the nests, they indicated that 68% were built from mud carried less than 300 metres. Of this proportion, 21% went less than 100 metres, 31% obtained it between 1 0 0 - 2 0 0 metres away and 16% between 200 - 300 metres. The remainder had to travel anything up to 1000 metres for supplies.

B. BREEDING DETAILS

1. Occupation

Of the 908 nests, 78% were occupied, 9% not occupied and 13% classed as 'not known'.

2. Date first seen

This ranged from mid-April to mid-June with the peak numbers occurring in the first week of May.

3. Fledging Dates

First broods: Dates were supplied for 17 nests. The earliest occurred in the third week of June, the last in the second week of August, with the peak being reached in the second week of July.

Second broods: There were details of 11 nests, the earliest at the beginning of August and the latest in the first week of October, with peak numbers in the second half of September.

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Third broods: Only one was reported, the young taking wing in the third week of September.

C. HISTORY

1. Years site known

Dates were supplied for 61 colonies and indicated that half of them had been in use for at least seven years. There were nine 'new' sites (i.e. recorded for the first time in 1986). Some of these may, of course, have been of greater age but discovered for the first time by observers deliberately looking for sites. The oldest colony went back at least 50 years and there were three others at least 30 years old.

2. Population trends

Nineteen observers offered comments on this. Some answered in general terms; "not so many about as usual" or "a general decline in this area". Others provided figures over a number of years.

Of the nineteen replies, eight reported a decline, six an increase and the rest referred to a change of site brought about either by a replacement of the original buildings or the erection of a new housing estate nearby. The following extracts illustrate these fluctuations:—

Leamington Spa (Warwicks.) 30-40 nests in the 1970's, down to two in 1986. Wickenford (Worcs.) A farmhouse colony in use for at least 15 years. Around five or six per year until 1985 when increased to 21. Alvechurch (Worcs.) A colony on 25 year-old houses has expanded since the early 1980's. Tenbury Wells (Worcs.) A colony on two houses expanded from four nests in 1985 to 12 in 1986. Hallow (Worcs.) An increase from one nest to 20 in ten years, all but one of them artificial. Abbots Bromley (Staffs.) Sixteen years ago the nests were on the old houses along the main village street. Of these nests only five remain, the bulk now being on the new houses which the birds colonised as they were completed. Great Haywood (Staffs.) The housing estate where the birds now nest replaced old farm buildings. Clayton (Staffs.) Until 1972 birds nested on farm buildings. These were demolished but the housing estate which replaced them has attracted an increasing number of birds. Tamworth (Staffs.) Large housing estates were built between 1970 and 1986, but there has been a decline in numbers. Alton (Staffs.) A decline in 1985 and 1986, both in birds seen and nests built. Hanchurch (Staffs.) A Victorian water tower has long housed a colony but numbers have declined from 134 in 1963 to 29 in 1984, 26 in 1985 and 17 in 1986.

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Handsworth (W. Midlands) Three sites in the early 1980's totalling 10 nests. Now no longer used.

1 9 8 7 Follow-up

In an attempt to gain a better idea of any yearly fluctutation, it was decided to census the larger colonies (i.e. those with more than 10 nests) again in 1987. Not all observers contacted were able to repeat the survey but of the 12 who did six reported a decrease, three an increase and three no change.

Just how fickle the birds can be in their attachment to a site is vividly illustrated by the figures from the two largest Staffordshire colonies. At Cotton College, numbers dropped from 77 nests in 1986 to 46 in 1987, whilst at Alton Towers they rose from 81 to 106. Since the two sites are only three km. apart, it is reasonable to assume that the defectors from the former had settled at the latter.

Results from other colonies were as follows:

Lowsonford (Warwicks.) Birds later arriving (end of May, early June) but numbers same. Whitacre Waterworks (Warwicks.) Nest count up from 82 to 85 but number occupied down from 62 to 48. Wichenford (Worcs.) Birds late arriving - June 10 compared with April 29 in 1986. Number of nests down from 21 to four. Hallow (Worcs.) Birds slower in returning; June before colony complete but numbers same. Endon (Staffs.) Birds arrived later, left earlier with number of nests down from 12 to six. Bagnall (Staffs.) Numbers down from 10 to eight. Hanchurch (Staffs.) Numbers up from 17 to 21. Abbots Bromley (Staffs.) Numbers down from 29 to 24. Lichfield (Staffs.) The nests, on a block of flats, were knocked down before the birds returned. Colony re-established on other buildings in the area but numbers slightly down.

Sedgley (W. Midlands) Numbers same.

Comments The reason behind the changing fortunes in a locality are sometimes obvious but often unaccountable. Where a reason for desertion can be found, the commonest cause was the destruction of nests by householders, or attempts to deter the birds by suspending string and foil strips under the eaves. One enterprising observer overcame this latter handicap by offering to clean up any subsequent mess if the householders would remove the obstruction. (They did).

Other species of birds were sometimes implicated, House Sparrows being the most usual culprits. At Knightwick, (Worcs.) three out of seven nests were affected. In one case the House Sparrows took over before the Martins returned

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in the spring and in the other two they commandeered the nests after the first Martin broods had fledged. At Lowsonford, they ejected recently-hatched Martin chicks. Not that the Sparrows had it all their own way; at Redditch they took up winter quarters in a nest only to have their debris removed when the Martins returned to repair and reline it.

At Stourbridge, a nest was used in two successive years by Blue Tits, though each time the Martins followed with a brood of their own. A similar event was reported from Hampton-in-Arden.

Two nests at Abbots Bromley were destroyed by Starlings. At Hallow, damage to both natural and artificial nests was caused by a Great Spotted Woodpecker and there was predation by Sparrowhawk on the adult birds.

Incidentally, the erection of artificial nests was reported by four observers. In three cases they were used, but in a fourth they were ignored and the birds eventually deserted the site altogether.

Whilst it is difficult to say at all conclusively, numbers did appear to be lower in 1987, and was supported by general observer impression. Birds were also later in arriving.

Conclusions

As a means of assessing population trends the survey was inconclusive. This is not, perhaps, surprising in view of the species' lack of fidelity to a breeding site and the rather diffuse survey. The answer must be to concentrate on a specific area containing a mix of urban, suburban and rural habitat and to census it thoroughly over a period of years. An alternative method would be to monitor the larger colonies annually, but this, too, is likely to be misleading as shown by the results from the two large Staffordshire colonies.

In spite of not producing clear evidence of a trend (though numbers appeared to be lower in 1987) the survey was a worthwhile exercise, since it pinpointed the existence of several large colonies, previously unrecorded, and it also provided an overall picture of the species' nesting habits in the Club's area.

All who took part are thanked for their valuable efforts in watching the birds and filling in the forms.

References

Bouldin L E: Survey of House Martin colonies in E. Lanes. 1959 British Birds 52: 141-149 Bouldin LE:The population of the House Martin in E. Lanes 1971 Bird Study 15: 135-46.

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MOVEMENTS OF CHAFFINCHES A N D REDPOLLS TO A N D FROM THE WEST MIDLANDS.

In t roduct ion

This paper attempts to analyse ringing recoveries and controls (birds ringed elsewhere) of Chaffinches and Redpolls caught wi thin the West Midlands over the last 50 years and 20 years respectively. Much of the ringing has been at winter roosts, but a fair number of birds have also been caught in gardens during this t ime of year. Ringing of nestling Chaffinches has also taken place within the area. The data used in this analysis is that generated by members of the West Midland Bird Club.

Method

Both species are considered separately and all relevant records are plotted on maps (Figures 1 -4). Birds are assumed to be in their breeding areas during the period Apri l to September and in their winter quarters from October to March. In practice, some birds could still have been on passage when recovered in either period, especially in October, but these recoveries help to indicate the migration routes.

Analysis of results

a) Redpoll — A c a n t h i s ilammea

Most Redpolls migrate southwards in autumn, the extent of their movement depending very largely on the available food supply. Ringing recoveries indicate a general au tumn/w in te r influx into the West Midlands, wi th summer ringed birds from the more northerly counties of Nottinghamshire, Dumfries and Lancashire being recorded in the West Midlands either during the fol lowing or in subsequent winters (Figure 1.). These birds may winter in the West Midlands or they may move further south to the coast and eventually to the continent. This is shown by three Warwickshire birds that were recovered in Belgium during the November of subsequent winters and a bird ringed in Staffordshire in September 1970 which was recovered in France in October 1971 (Figure 2.).

A corresponding northerly movement is recorded for winter ringed West Midland birds, recoveries coming from Northumberland, Yorkshire, Lancashire and Cheshire in the following and subsequent summers. Other indications of this northerly movement come from birds ringed in Surrey and Suffolk during the winter and late spring, being recovered in the West Midlands later in the summer and in subsequent summers (Figure 3.).

Other movements recorded appear to be random, wi th a bird ringed in Derbyshire one summer recovered in the West Midlands during the next. One record of a bird which could either be on its way to the continent or an

41

Figure 1: Redpoll - Acanthis flammea

12 COUNTY BOUNDARIES

R i n g e d summer, r e c o v e r e d W . M. in

O f o l l o w i n g w j n t e r G subsequent w i n t e r s

" R i n g e d O c t o b e r in W M ^ r e c o v e r e d In ^subsequent

O c t o b e r

42

Figure 1: Redpoll - Acanthis flammea

ecoveries of West

SCALE STATUTE MILES

example of a random movement is one ringed in September 1973, in Brandon, Warwickshire and recovered in October 1976, in New Holland, Lincolnshire.

b) Chaf f inch — Fringilla coelebs

The Chaffinch is one of our commonest birds belonging to the race Fringilla coelebs gengleri.

There is no evidence that British Chaffinches migrate, but in autumn they flock and move about the country. Such movements are illustrated by a winter ringed bird from Devon appearing the following summer in Staffordshire, two winter ringed West Midland birds being recovered in subsequent summers in Yorkshire and Shropshire and a summer ringed Yorkshire bird appearing in Worcestershire the following January. Recoveries of winter ringed birds during the same or subsequent winters also illustrate these winter movements, but they cannot be necessarily attr ibuted to British birds since by now large numbers of continental Chaffinches, Fringilla coelebs coelebs, have arrived in Britain. An example

43

Figure 1: Redpoll - Acanthis flammea

44

of this speculative movement is shown by a bird ringed in Leamington Spa in March 1984 and recovered in Grantham, Lincolnshire in April, possibly a continental bird on return passage, but, equally, the possibility of it being a British bird on its breeding territory cannot be ruled out. Of the 18 recoveries in this category, 72% showed random local movements wi thin the West Midland region, longer distances being recorded by two West Midland birds moving into Gloucestershire and Shropshire and two Shropshire birds and one Devon bird moving into the West Midland region.

Of the 61 foreign recoveries, 15 were ringed in the West Midlands during the winter and either recovered the fol lowing summer in Schleswig Holstein (one), Denmark (one) and Sweden (four), or in subsequent summers in Holland (one), Denmark (one), Norway (four) and Sweden (three). Additional information on the origin of our winter visitors comes f rom six retraps of birds wintering in the West Midlands region, either ringed the previous summer in France (one), Heligoland (one), Sweden (one) and Norway (one), or in earlier summers in Heligoland (one) and Poland (one). The Heligoland birds ringed in Apri l and the French bird ringed in September, at Calais, may wel l be birds on passage, rather than on their

Figure 4: Chaffinch - Fringilla coelebs

45

breeding grounds. This clearly indicates that the majority of wintering birds are from southern Scandinavia, with some birds coming from northern Europe and Poland.

Analysis of the six records of birds ringed on the continent during the au tumn/w in te r and recovered in the West Midlands area during the same winter, show two from Belgium and four from Holland, all of which were ringed in October/early November, the migration period, and gives a clear indication of the route taken by these birds. Further information on migration routes is given by the 27 winter ringed West Midland birds recovered on the continent in subsequent winters and the seven winter recoveries in the West Midlands of continental birds ringed in previous winters. Of these birds, 88% were recovered in October/early November in Denmark (one), Germany (one), Holland (five) and Belgium (nineteen), a further 9% were recovered in March in Belgium (two) and Denmark (one) making the return journey, whi le one bird was recorded on an oil rig, 20 miles from Great Yarmouth, in the North Sea. Four other records, two from Belgium in January and February and two from Holland in December and January, are difficult to interpret and may be Scandinavian birds winter ing on the continent.

Figure 4 attempts to summarise the position, giving details of the origin of winter ing birds and the possible migration routes, distinguishing between birds recovered in March and those recovered in October/November.

Summary

a) There is a general northerly movement of Redpolls through the West Midlands during the spring and early summer, birds returning to the southern counties in the late summer/autumn, w i th some birds over-wintering on the continent.

b) Though British Chaffinches are not migratory, large numbers of overseas Chaffinches come to Britain in the autumn and winter, chiefly from southern Scandinavia. Ringing recoveries indicate a migration route through Denmark, north Germany, Holland and west Belgium, before crossing the North Sea to Britain.

Acknowledgements

I am most grateful to the large numbers of ringers and their helpers who have carried out ringing work wi thin the area. Their co-operative field work and their subsequent efficient submission of details of recoveries tothe Ringing Secretary is much appreciated. I would also like to acknowledge the permission of the BTO in the use of the maps of the British Isles.

A E Coleman Ringing Secretary

46

MARSH WARBLERS IN WORCESTERSHIRE - A PERSONAL REVIEW

by G. H. Green

In March 1987,1 organised a Marsh Warbler Symposium in Droitwich. My aim was to bring together all those people who were interested in Worcestershire's Marsh Warblers and who had been involved in their study and conservation in recent years. The following papers arose from that symposium. First, I have written this personal account of 25 years experience with the species in Worcestershire. Second is a review of recent research, mainly undertaken by Dr Kelsey, which led to his D.Phil. Thirdly, Steve Whitehouse comments on identification pitfalls.

My interest in Marsh Warblers started in the early 1960's when I returned to bird ringing, after a ten year lapse, related to learning to work for my living, National Service and getting marriedl I found that mist-nets had come into use and I soon learned to use these exciting new tools, under the eagle eye of Joe Hardman. In 1963,1 gained my permit to use mist-nets for ringing. I was very keen and if a bird f lew in Worcestershire, in those days, I wanted to catch it! I became aware of Marsh Warblers and caught my first in June 1964, at Nafford: a singing male. This site was visited by Chris Mead from the BTO and several other ringers during 1965-66, leading to discussions on the problems of correctly identifying Reed from Marsh Warblers in the hand. Their work and reports in 'British Birds' stimulated action. Aided by Ray Bishop, I started to search the lower Avon and Severn valleys for Marsh Warblers and when we had developed an eye for likely habitat, we followed a policy of 'census by mist-net'.

Marsh Warblers can be very elusive birds. They arrive on the breeding grounds in late May and early June. On arrival, the males sing vigorously and almost continuously throughout the day and occasionally at night, only deterred by cold weather. If they obtain a mate, song output decreases rapidly and they are silent for long periods. If one can spend many hours in the field at the end of May and in early June and visit all possible sites in good weather, it is easy to find songsters. Nest building pairs are also easy to find, but thereafter the birds stay well hidden in rank vegetation for most of the time. However, we rarely had enough time and the weather was rarely kind. This proved very frustrating, because we could not visit all the sites of tall marshland vegetation, with adjacent willows or hawthorn scrub, when the birds were visible. Later in June, we also searched for nests and soon discovered that nesting occupied a very short time span. We worked on what I now regard as the rather dodgy hypothesis, that all young had fledged by early July. After that date, we tried to mistnet, as quickly as possible at all sites, to catch the adults and fledged juveniles before most migrated at the end of July (a few remained until early August). This system appeared to work quite well and I do not think we did much damage to Marsh Warblers, as we took great care in pushing our narrow mist net paths through the vegetation. We probably caused some alarm and despondency to Sedge Warbler pairs, which still had broodsl

48

Many sites containing Marsh Warblers were identified by this work and we concluded that the Worcestershire population was near to 100 pairs.

Within a few years, I found that it was very easy to catch newly arrived Marsh Warblers wi th a tape lure and small mistnet, a technique since used very effectively by most researchers. Using these techniques of early and late mist netting and nestling ringing, we reached a peak year when 75 Marsh Warblers were ringed in 1971.

In 1971, I commenced a Common Bird Census over 90 acres of land around Defford, the area defined by the presence of Marsh Warblers, much to Ken Will iamson's amusement and delightl This area eventually became known as the 'core site' for Worcestershire's Marsh Warblers. The census documented the extraordinary richness of the bird population in a very varied area of marsh, swamp, scrub, hedges, pollarded willows, wet fields, old orchards and many elm trees. In the first year, I recorded 435 pairs of birds of 42 species, including 22 pairs of Marsh Warblers, in 70 acres (Ten years later a census near Abberton on farmland recorded fewer species and about the same number of pairs in 600 acres!) Little did we know at the time that these were peak years of richness. I continued the census until 1977. Marsh Warblers rose to a maximum of 25 pairs and remained stable between 20-25 pairs throughout this period. Meanwhile, many other bird species declined as the habitat deteriorated with agricultural improvement, elm disease and drainage, especially following deep dredging of the Bow Brook in 1972-73. At the time, we had great difficulty in preventing the River Board from devastating the Marsh Warbler areas in mid-summer, although in the end they listened to protestations from the Nature Conservancy Council. The eventual damage, although serious, was not as bad as first feared, although some areas took many years to recover.

1977 was the last year of my own detailed Marsh Warbler studies. Over a period of 12 years, we had found many sites, recorded many nests and caught many birds. By 1977, most of the Marsh Warblers and many of the Reed Warblers breeding in the Avon Valley had been marked with individual colour ring combinations, thus enabling us to recognise birds without catching them.

Why did I give up the work on the brink of what could have been the most interesting and important part of the study? Partly because of conflicting interests and partly from frustration. I had reached a point when part-time study was inadequate. I could not visit all the Marsh Warbler areas quickly enough in early June. In fact, our subsequent full-time researcher needed help from a research assistant and a band of part-time volunteers to achieve full coverage in one season. The season is very short and an enormous amount of work must be done in a short time, if a detailed study is to be successful. Also, I had become much more closely involved with the work of the Worcestershire Nature Conservation Trust and, I suppose, the feverish urge to ring birds which had driven me round Worcestershire morning, noon and night, to many coasts in search of waders and eventually to arctic Greenland, had subsided. One runs out of steam!

49

WNCT involvement

The Worcestershire Nature Conservation Trust (WNCT) has been very active in the conservation of Marsh Warblers. Working from the information gained by our surveys, we set about protecting as many sites as possible. The conservation effort started around 1970. Dr Ben Bell, who had worked on Reed and Sedge Warblers elsewhere, visited the county and helped wi th census work and some of the first attempts of habitat evaluation. He became very concerned about the conservation of the species. As an 'outsider', he probably appreciated the fragility and vulnerability of the habitat more clearly than those of us who had known the area for years, and who had not appreciated the gathering pace of agricultural improvement, which was soon to affect our part of Worcestershire. The fragments of old osier beds, poorly drained land wi th rank growths of Meadow Sweet Filipendula ulmaria, Hairy Wil lowherb EpHobium hirsutum, Nettles Urtica dioica and odd damp scrubby streamside corners, were ripe for drainage, tidying up and conversion to agricultural use. Indeed, most such habitat in south-east Worcestershire has now been swept away, apart from the reserves we managed to establish. Following Ben Bell's initiative, we contacted Cecil Lambourne, then Chairman of the Worcestershire Nature Conservation Trust's Conservation Committee and, wi th his help, formed a small Marsh Warbler Panel consisting of himself, James Cadbury (RSPB), Chris Fuller (the Nature Conservancy Council's Assistant Regional Officer), Tony Hartham, Ray Bishop and myself. We aimed to further Marsh Warbler conservation and moved wi th great secrecy, because we were very worried about attracting the attention of egg collectors. In fact, the Marsh Warbler sites were not scheduled as Sites of Special Scientific Interest until recently, to avoid unwanted publicity. Eventually, the Trust gained some sort of control over most of the sites in my old Common Bird Census plot: the core sites. Undoubtedly, most of these sites would have been lost long ago but for the Trust's actions.

Prior to 1 9 6 0

During our early work in the 1960's, 'census by mist-net' had enabled us to discover many sites. Interestingly, when I talked to Tony Hartham (A. J. Hartham, author of 'The birds of Worcestershire' published in 1947) we learned that in the 1930's and 1940's, he had found Marsh Warblers at most of our sites, but like us he had found it impossible to visit all likely places every year. He also knew of many other sites, especially up-stream of Evesham, along the Avon and along the Severn and Teme Valleys, where we could not f ind the birds in the 1960's. At that time, I had briefly examined some sites on the Avon, just before reconstruction work by the Avon Navigation Trusts destroyed large areas of ideal habitat. This had grown up around the derelict locks and lock islands between Evesham and Stratford on Avon, but I did not f ind Marsh Warblers there or in old wet meadows well known to Hartham.

In 1938, Tony Hartham wrote his wel l -known and often quoted report in 'Brit ish Birds' of 7 pairs of Marsh Warblers nesting in a bean field, 200ft above the Avon

50

valley, at Sherriffs Lench, near Evesham. He stated at the beginning of the report that "Marsh Warblers are local but not uncommon in the lower Avon valley, where they nest in osier beds and similar moist places". In 1908, Tomes wrote in the Victoria County History of Worcestershire that Marsh Warblers had been known to nest in the Avon valley for 30 years. He found them in an old quarry at Littleton, not far from Evesham, and in 1887 he shot two birds to confirm the presence of the species, for the first time, in Worcestershire. In discussion, he wrote that Marsh Warblers were regular summer visitors but not in any considerable numbers, giving an impression of perhaps fewer birds than found by Hartham 40 years later?

19th century ornithologists found Marsh Warblers very mysterious and confusing birds because they were elusive and so similar to Reed Warblers. The species was first described by Savi in 1824 and first recorded in Britain about 1840. Ward Fowler put an end to doubts of British records, when he found birds he thought to be Marsh Warblers near Oxford and then went to Switzerland to study the species, so confirming his ideas. He first found birds in 1888 and then nests every year between 1893-1906. He and Eliott Howard reported many details of the species habits.

Eliott Howard was a Worcestershire business man who made many remarkable observations on birds at the turn of the century. He was a father of ethology, for whom a biography is long overdue. His style of writ ing is hard going to modern readers and his reports are of course descriptive rather than mathematical, which is not the modern vogue. In 'British Warblers' published in 1912, he reported the Marsh Warbler as "more plentiful than might be thought" and in his experience, extending its range north of Worcester: "by no means uncommon, especially in Gloucestershire and Worcestershire . . . the Severn valley is especially favoured . . . how rare the bird was supposed until we looked for it'. His experience was very similar to Hartham's in the 1930's and our own in the 1960's, in the Avon valley, although Marsh Warblers had certainly become scarce in the Severn valley near Worcester by that time. Interestingly, most bird watchers thought Marsh Warblers to be scarce in the 1960's and 1970's, wi th only a few pairs mentioned in the bird reports. We found the better part of 100 pairs and thought we had made new discoveries but secretive old Hartham knew better! In summary, apparently Marsh Warblers occurred in Worcestershire in the latter part of the 19th century, although nobody counted them. Elliott Howard's writ ings suggest the species was quite widespread at the turn of the century. Hartham recorded them at many sites in the 1930's and 1940's. In the 1960's we found 100 pairs in the Avon valley and very few in the Severn valley. What of more modern times?

The 1980 ' s

Around 1982, we heard rumours of a massive feasibility study to be undertaken by Severn Trent Water Authority into the possibilities of a scheme to control flooding in the Avon valley. Land near the river could then be actively cultivated

51

rather than be managed as grassland. Engineering works might be carried out which would widen the river, or deepen it, or enclose it within high flood banks, or do all of these things. These works would be associated with land drainage and would, we realised lower the water table near the river and associated streams and so destroy many riparian wetland sites, including those where Marsh Warblers bred, unless special precautions were taken. After many discussions between conservation organisations, biologists and river engineers (in which I greatly regretted that I had put aside my own Marsh Warbler work five years previously) we concluded that a new detailed scientific study of Marsh Warblers and their habitat was required as quickly as possible. Substantiated facts were needed to enable us to convince the Water Authority that Marsh Warbler conservation had to be taken into account in any Avon valley flood control system.

To carry out research of this sort required full-time biologists and money. Fortunately, through a liaison between the Nature Conservancy Council and the Edward Grey Institute at Oxford funds were found to employ Martin Garnett on a short contract in 1983. His job was to collate all the information available and to point the way towards more detailed research. This he did partly as a desk study and literature review and partly through limited fieldwork, assisted by local volunteers and the Worcestershire Nature Conservation Trust. His conclusions were:

1. Marsh Warblers were much commoner in England in the 1920's and 1930's, breeding in many counties, but since then there had been a nationwide decline. 2. By 1983, he estimated that 50-70 pairs bred in the Avon valley. 3. The reasons for the decline were not obvious, although habitat loss and climatic change were likely factors.

He also reviewed the information available on the breeding biology and the ecology of the species and recommended that it was fundamental for the conservation of the species that all Marsh Warbler sites must be maintained; that efforts should be made to expand them and the greatest care should be taken not to upset them. Research was required to understand clearly the species ecology and the habitat requirements. His recommendations eventually led to the creation of the Avon valley SSSI (a large and difficult task because of multiple ownerships) and to research.

Research started in 1984 when Martin Kelsey, based at the Edward Grey Institute, received funding from the Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) to study Marsh Warblers, in depth, for his D.Phil. In his first year, he set out to colour ring all Marsh Warblers with individual codes, to search for nests and to quantify habitat structure. His work was at first a reincarnation of my earlier efforts and he found only one survivor from my earlier studies! Little did he know that in the course of his work. Marsh Warblers were to decline and to virtually vanish from the county by 1987. In 1983, Martin Garnett estimated a population of 42-47 singing males, in 1984 there were 36, in 1985 there were 27-28 of which only 16 paired successfully. In 1986 there were six pairs and a

52

YEAR

Figure 1 : Population trends of Mareh Warblers in south Vibrcestershire 1969-88 based on estimates in earlier years and more accurate courts from 1983-88.

solitary male, in 1987 three pairs and in 1988 two pairs and two other singing males.

In his report, Martin Garnett produced a simple graph of population trends (figure 1) which shows a fluctuation from 40 to 60 pairs (more correctly singing males) between 1969 and 1983. In fact, numbers were probably even more stable as the lower level in 1972 reflects my first visit to arctic Greenland, which severely depressed Marsh Warbler surveys outside the core sites! The graph in Figure 1 has been extended to 1988, so including Martin Kelsey's work and subsequent counts by Peter Hayman and Steve Whitehouse (WNCT Marsh Warbler Surveillance Officers), supported by volunteers. Based on my own experiences in the 1960's, I have produced a very simple graph (figure 2) which shows the population decline over 25 years. The decline has been dramatic and catastrophic in recent years. Why has it taken place? This is discussed in the following paper (Kelsey & Green) and more extensively elsewhere (see reference list in the following paper). However, I would like to make one or two speculations.

Possible reasons for decline

The species appears to have been relatively scarce in the 1860-1880's (the weather was very severe in the mid 1880's), followed by an increase through the

53

YEAR

Figure 2 Simplified diagram showing the decline of Mart i Warblers in Woitesfer^iire 1966-88.

first half of the 20th century. It is not clear when a peak was reached, but the species was local and not infrequent in the 1930's. Not much information is available from the 1940's and 1950's and the species has declined since. Habitat loss has probably had some impact, although there has always been an excess of suitable habitat in Worcestershire and in counties to the south, from which Marsh Warblers have also vanished and much still remains. In Worcestershire, drainage and 'tidying-up' of the countryside have destroyed many tiny minor sites which were used by Marsh Warblers from time to time and, probably, more often when optimal areas were filled. Comparison of the 1902 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 maps with the present day clearly shows a major loss of osier beds and small marshlands. However, in more recent years the core sites have remained intact, but unused by Marsh Warblers. As the following paper shows, the population eventually reached a low level and could not maintain itself. Habitat loss cannot alone account for this state of affairs although it may be a contributing factor.

Changed climatic conditions detrimental to a species on the extreme edge of its range, may be the underlying cause for the species decline. Lamb (1982) has shown that in the Northern Hemisphere, average temperatures were relatively very cold in the 1880's, rising to a warm peak in the mid-1940's and declining from about 1950. He states that British temperatures followed a similar trend. The changes have been very slight, but from 1950 to 1980 (end of Lamb's data) the length of the growing season (defined as the period when the temperature remains above 6°C) was on average nine days shorter, starting on 4 March for the 1920-1950 average and 20 March for the 1963-80 average. There has been a similar delay in the onset of summer weather. Marsh Warblers arriving at the end of May 1920-1950 presumably found plant growth more advanced and

54

insects more abundant than in the subsequent period to 1980. Indeed, in some years of cold spring I have seen newly arrived Marsh Warblers building nests in very short exposed vegetation. I have no evidence that such nests were poor survivors and no data to support my speculation that the slight cooling shown by mean temperatures, particularly the later onset of the growing season and summer weather, have been the climatic reasons for the decline of Worcestershire's Marsh Warblers. However, it does seem a feasible explanation. The change in weather from about 1950 may have gradually affected Marsh Warblers, unti l the breeding population declined to a level from which it could not recover.

There have long been records of breeding Marsh Warblers throughout southern England, very often at a site that was used for one year only. There are no records of ringed Worcestershire birds at any of these sites and it seems likely these birds were not related to 'normal English breeders' and may be immigrants from European populations. The incidence of such records appears to have changed in recent years and there may have been an increase in breeding birds near the south coast, in some counties (see further discussion in the fol lowing paper and in Kelsey, Green, Garnett and Hayman in British Birds). It seems likely that the isolated Worcestershire population wi l l become extinct. Recolonisation from continental stock may occur in England, wi th eventual spread, if climatic and other conditions are suitable. It is most important that the sites we have conserved in Worcestershire are maintained both for the Marsh Warbler's return and for their new conservation importance as remnant wetlands in the over-drained, over-agriculturalised Avon valley. The Water Authority's flood alleviation scheme has been shelved for the time being as uneconomic. It may return to present a major conflict between conservation and land use.

Acknowledgements .

Many people have helped w i th Marsh Warbler studies over the years. I thank them all. In particular I w ish to express special thanks to Ray Bishop, Mart in Kesley, Mart in Garnett, John Day. Peter Hayman, Roger Maskew, Steve Whitehouse and John Meiklejohn for their major practical help in the study and conservation of Marsh Warblers and their habitats in Worcestershire.

References.

Hartham, A.J. (1947) 'The birds of Worcestershire' Littlebury. Worcester. Hartham, A.J. (1938) 'Some breeding habits of Marsh Warblers in south Worcestershire' British Birds 32:230-232. Howard, H. Eliott (1912) British Warblers' Porter, London. Kelsey, M.B., Green, G.H., Garnett, M.C. and Hayman, P.V. (in press) The Marsh Warbler in Britain' British Birds. Lamb, H.H. (1982) 'Climate, history and the modern world' Methuen. London. Tomes, R.F. (1908) Birds' in the 'Victoria County History of Worcestershire'

55

THE DECLINE OF WORCESTERSHIRE'S M A R S H WARBLERS

by Dr M. G. Kelsey and G. H. Green

In t roduct ion

This review presents a summary of Marsh Warbler studies made in recent decades, wi th an emphasis on the results of work done in the last five years. It includes a brief summary of the history of Marsh Warbler populations in Britain and Europe. More information can be found in a paper by Kelsey, Green, Garnett and Hayman to be published in 'British Birds' and papers by Kelsey listed at the end of this paper.

The breeding range of Marsh Warblers Acrocephalus palustris lies almost entirely wi th in the Western Palearctic. It occupies a belt across Central Europe from the Kama and Ural Rivers in the east, (Dement'ev & Gladkov 1968) to the coasts of the North Sea and the English Channel in the west and from southern Finland and Sweden, south to northern Italy, the Balkan Peninsula, north-eastern Turkey and northern Iran. Marsh Warblers migrate through the Middle East, most making landfall on the Sudanese Red Sea coast and after an apparent stopover in north-east Africa, continue to East Africa and final wintering quarters in south-eastern Africa. (Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett 1987).

Marsh Warblers normally occupy sites dominated by a tall, dense herbaceous vegetation, often wi th scattered shrubs or trees. The sites are frequently in damp, ferti le situations, often 'derelict 'or w i th a history of disturbance. Stinging Nettles Urtica dioica and Meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria are frequent and at many British sites Great Hairy Wil lowherb Epilobium hirsutum is abundant. Nesting in arable crops has also been reported (e.g. Hartham 1938, Klafs & Stjbs 1977, Mildenberger 1984), indicating the catholic and opportunistic nature of site selection by Marsh Warblers.

In Britain, the Marsh Warbler has long been a scarce and localised species. In recent times the main but declining population has been centred in the south of the West Midlands, wi th occasional breeding elsewhere in southern England.

Methods

The researches on which this report is based are (1) f ieldwork and surveys in Worcestershire in the 1960's and 1970's (Green); (2) a thorough collation of the literature and a field study of the 'core' population in Worcestershire in 1983 (Garnett 1983); (3) a continuation and development of this study 1984-1986 (Kelsey) and (4) monitoring surveys in 1987 and 1988 (Heyman and Whitehouse). Since 1983, every site in Worcestershire known to have been occupied by Marsh Warblers since 1969 and all other nearby sites w i th suitable habitat, but for which no Marsh Warbler records existed, were visited regularly from the last week of May (the main arrival period of Marsh Warblers) to early July.

56

Earlier surveys counted singing males, but from 1984 on core sites and from 1985 on all sites, the pairing and breeding success of every Marsh Warbler located was determined.

The European and British Background

The European breeding population is widespread and relatively abundant and has expanded northwards in recent times; for example, Marsh Warblers arrived in Finland in the 1940s (Eriksson 1969), and in Sweden in the 1930s (Wingstrand 1949) where they increased in the 1960s and 1970s to several thousand pairs (J-fi Holmbring in litt.). A rapid north-west expansion into the Leningrad region of Russia occurred in the early 1960s, with a further expansion in the 1970s (Mal'chevski & Pukinski 1983). Within Central Europe, there appears to be no evidence of decline. The status of the species within this region is reviewed by Kelsey et al (in press). The decline in the population of Marsh Warblers in the English West Midlands had not been matched by changes in Europe.

During the period 1890 to 1986, Marsh Warblers were recorded 'breeding' in 19 counties in England and one county in Wales. In only three counties (Worcestershire, Gloucestershire and Somerset) did breeding occur in more than half of the years. 65% of the counties produced breeding records in fewer than 10% of the years.

The largest and most stable population was in the south-west Midlands (Worcestershire, Gloucestershire, Herefordshire), centred along the valleys of the Rivers Avon and Severn. Willis-Bund (1891) described Marsh Warblers as a "local spring migrant" to Worcestershire and adjoining counties. Harthan

(1947) stated that Marsh Warblers were fairly common in the Avon valley and along the banks of the Severn up to Worcester. A survey carried out along the River Severn, from Upton-upon-Severn to Worcester in 1942, found Marsh Warblers more common than Sedge Warblers but none was present in 1970 (Harrison 1982). No extensive surveys were reported from Worcestershire before the 1960s, although Harthan (pers.comm. to GHG) had located birds in the 1930s at sites rediscovered by GHG in the 1960s. During the 1960s, there were probably at least 95 pairs breeding in the Avon Valley in most years.

In Gloucestershire, during the latter part of the nineteenth century, there may have been up to ten pairs in the Vale of Severn. Breeding was regular up to at least the 1930s on about ten sites between Purton and Tewkesbury (Swaine 1982). By the 1950s, a decline was evident and during the 1960s the total population varied from one to 12 pairs. By the 1970s, breeding was erratic with no records in some years. The last proven breeding occurred in 1984. In Herefordshire, a small population became established from the late 1930s along the River Wye, at Hereford, (four or five pairs in most years) and breeding also occurred occasionally at Ross on Wye. Breeding was last recorded in 1953, unpaired males were present at Ross in 1954, but there have been no subsequent records (Walker 1984). Elsewhere in the West Midlands, breeding

57

was sporadic, usually involving single pairs at sites occupied for one year only.

Breeding occurred annually at several sites in Somerset up to, at least, 1962 (Palmer & Ballance 1968) but no estimate was made of the population size and there were no subsequent breeding records. Small breeding populations were recorded in Oxfordshire (Warde-Fowler 1906, Radford 1966)between 1893 and 1904 and between 1941 and 1947. Past records in Kent have been subject to some confusion and this analysis followed Taylor et al. (1981) in rejecting records from the Sevenoaks area, since 1950. Breeding in Kent has probably been regular since the early 1970s, although the breeding record in 1980 was the first fully confirmed case since the 1930s. Three pairs bred in 1986. Marsh Warblers were certainly under-recorded in Kent. The Sussex population was well-documented by Walpole-Bond (1933). Up to 20 pairs bred in Sussex from 1920 to 1930(Shrubb 1979) and regular breeding has been reported since 1966 (up to four pairs in one year). The species was probably overlooked and some recent records are secret so an accurate assessment of status is not possible. In Hampshire, breeding was probably regular in the 1890s (Cohen & Tavener 1972) but was rare subsequently. The most recent records were of two cases of suspected breeding on the Isle of Wight in 1977 and 1979 (Batten et al. 1979, Sharrock et al. 1981). There were scattered breeding records from Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire and Nottinghamshire. Other records e.g. Norfolk in 1901 and 1906 were generally rejected (Riviere 1930).

Any examination of historical records in the literature will contain biases arising from the original observers' activities and knowledge. Nevertheless, an impression is gained that outside certain core areas breeding was erratic. Even in regularly occupied regions, occupancy at most sites has been transient. Walpole-Bond (1933) stated that Sussex sites were used irregularly and the total population varied from 19 pairs in 1925 to two pairs in 1927. Distribution in Europe is patchy on a local scale, with populations forming small 'islands' (Mildenberger 1984) and being absent from apparently suitable sites (Dowsett-Lemaire 1978).

It is only possible to guess the size of the breeding population of Marsh Warblers in Britain early this century. In peak years it may have been between 150 and 250 pairs (100+ in Worcestershire, 50+ in Gloucestershire, perhaps about 20 pairs in Somerset and 10+ pairs elsewhere). This is speculative and indeed it is probably incorrect to think of 'peak' years, implying that the British population is or was a single unit. For most of the century, about five counties per year contained Marsh Warblers. From the 1960s, despite the ever-increasing number of birdwatchers, the number of counties with yearly breeding records declined. During this period, the British population was dominated by the Worcestershire component, particularly since the 1960s.

Worcestershire

Marsh Warblers were recorded on a total of 38 sites in Worcestershire, between 1969 and 1987. All but two were situated in the Avon Valley. Up to 1979, the

58

Worcestershire population stood at about 50 to 60 (perhaps up to 100) singing males. No surveys were carried out in 1980 and 1981. By 1982, the population stood at 48 males, in 1984 20 pairs. There was then an increasingly rapid decline to a 1987 population of three pairs (Hayman 1987) and in 1988 there were two pairs and two other separate singing males. From 1984, the breeding population has been counted accurately each year. About 30% of males in 1984 and 40% in 1985 were unpaired. Applying this statistic to earlier population data would give a breeding population in Worcestershire in the 1970s of about 40 actual pairs, although this cannot be proved.

Closer examination of data from each site within Worcestershire shows that between a third and a half of the population, in the 1970s, were present on just four sites. The population on these 'core' sites remained fairly stable (between 16 and 26 males) until 1986, when only six males were found. The population decline on core sites was later than at other sites, where the population almost halved between 1983 and 1984. The population on these sites was also lower in 1982 (27 males) than the 1970s average of about 40 males. Lack of data from 1980 and 1981 means that it is impossible to determine exactly the timing of the start of the recent decline.

Despite the difficulties in comparing survey results from the 1980s with those of earlier years, it is clear that the Worcestershire population of Marsh Warblers, the longest recorded and most robust population in England, probably remained fairly stable until the late 1970s (although there is some evidence of a decline along the Severn in the 1950s and early 1960s). The population in the early 1980s was about 40% lower than that estimated from the 1960s. If this represented a real decline, the loss probably occurred before about 1970, since the evidence suggested relative stability during the 1970s. By the 1980s a rapid decline occurred, first on outlying sites and then, by 1986, on core sites. Two important details wil l remain forever unknown. First, whether the size of the breeding population was stable during the 1970s, or whether a decline had started at some time before it became evident in the population of singing males. Secondly, the precise date when the population of males started to decline rapidly.

Possible causes of decline

Two factors are usually invoked as being largely responsible for the Marsh Warblers decline: habitat loss and climatic change.

Sharrock (1976) described the loss of traditional sites, especially due to the abandonment of osier-bed management, as a possible cause for the decline of Marsh Warblers. Whilst osier-beds were, in the past, an important habitat for the species, particularly in Gloucestershire and Somerset, the population in recent decades in Worcestershire tended to occupy marginal disused land. Green (1983) listed 37 sites in Worcestershire where Marsh Warblers had bred in the 1960s and looked at habitat changes over the following twenty years. Only five sites had been completely destroyed and these had supported a maximum of five

59

pairs. A further seven sites had deteriorated in quality. These held a maximum of 26 pairs. Habitat change probably, therefore, accounted for the loss of about thirty pairs in the period up to the early 1980s. This probably accounts in part for the difference between the 1960s population estimate of 95 pairs, with that of the early 1970s, of 55 singing males, from which time until the early 1980s, the population appeared stable. If so, this would suggest that the main impact of habitat loss occurred about twenty years ago.

However, there were also eight sites (supporting a maximum of 11 pairs) which by the early 1980s had been abandoned by Marsh Warblers in which there had been no major habitat change. Since 1983, thanks to the efforts of the Worcestershire Nature Conservation Trust and Nature Conservancy Council, only two sites have suffered major habitat loss, at neither of which had Marsh Warblers been recorded since the early 1970s. Although successional changes (to which the preferred vegetation of dense herbaceous cover and scattered trees and shrubs is liable) have doubtless rendered some sites less suitable, the results of habitat surveys suggest that habitat availability had not been a limiting factor. Within the period of rapid decline, sites of suitable habitat have been abandoned and no loss of habitat on core sites could account for the decline witnessed there.

Voous (1960) described the western and northern limit of the Marsh Warbler breedi ng range as closely correlated with the 62°F (-16.67°C) July mean isotherm. Lamb (1977) documented a rise in summer temperatures in central England between 1920 and 1960, especially between 1933 and 1952. Changes in air circulation since 1950 had brought about a subsequent lowering of average temperatures to the levels experienced between 1900-1920. This cooling was longer sustained than during any other period of downward trends since 1770 (Lamb 1977).

The mean July temperature for 1955-1984, at Pershore (within the Worcestershire breeding range of Marsh Warblers), was 16.7°C. Ten-year means at nearby Worcester (where a longer run of temperature data were available) showed that July temperatures fell below an average of 16.67°C during the 1950s and 1960s. However recent summers have been warmer. The ten-year average July temperatures at Pershore show an increase by about 1 °C from 1957-1966 (16°C) to 1967-1976 (17.1 °C) and 1977-1986 (17°C).

Swaine (1982) suggested that the cooling trend in recent decadec might have been a factor reducing the Gloucestershire Marsh Warbler population in the Severn Valley (along which the 62°F July isotherm runs), causing it to contract into the more sheltered Avon Valley. Cooler summers might have caused some decline in the period up to the late 1960s. Since then there is evidence of a warming trend. The earlier cooling trend cannot account directly for the major decline in Worcestershire in the 1980s. The influence of other climatic variables is more difficult to assess. Summer rainfall figures showed large local variance, due mainly to the influence of localised storms. Many of the Marsh Warbler sites

60

along the River Avon were buffered against drought as they were situated along spring lines at the base of river terraces.

By themselves, habitat loss and climatic change do not seem to satisfactorily explain the decline of Marsh Warblers. Important factors may be the evidence for the isolation of the Worcestershire population and its productivity.

What evidence is there of isolation of the population? Most male Marsh Warblers and most pulli were colour-ringed during the period 1984-1986. Those that were not marked were either those on outlying sites, or those that had evaded capture, or broods of pulli for which it was considered injudicious to ring because of nest safety. If it is assumed that the return rate of unringed birds will be the same as for colour-ringed birds and that the sex ratio of nestlings is 50:50, then the number of unringed males arriving the following year could be predicted using the return rates observed for colour-ringed males. The number of unringed males would be significantly greater than the expected value if:

(a) There was nett immigration from other populations and/or (b) A part of the local population had remained undetected during survey work.

This was not so which suggests strongly that the Worcestershire population did not receive recruits from elsewhere, and that survey work had been efficient in locating singing males.

What of the performance of population? The patchy and dynamic nature of Marsh Warbler populations has already been mentioned. Dowsett-Lemaire (1978) estimated that 75% of Marsh Warblers arriving on her Belgian study site had previously bred or were reared elsewhere. In Europe, the species would appear to behave like a successful coloniser and pioneer in early successional habitats (Diamond & May 1981). However, the smaller a population becomes, the disproportionately more vulnerable it becomes to extinction, following random setbacks (Krebs 1978). The problem of survival of such a population may be greater if the species is migratory, like the Marsh Warbler. Losses through emigration are likely to be higher. If the population is cut off from other populations, as in Worcestershire, it is unlikely that inevitable emigration losses wil l be compensated for by gains from immigration. This would give rise to a nett reduction of the population, if stability is maintained through a high birth rate and/or low death rate, or if there was a floating population to fill the gaps left by emigrants.

However, the breeding productivity in Worcestershire was lower than that of European populations (Kelsey 1987a and in prep ), and the death rate is unknown. There appeared to be a surplus of males in the Worcestershire population and emigration losses (perhaps mainly involving females) would have decreased breeding opportunities for such birds. There appears to be a high turnover of European populations of Marsh Warblers (Dowsett-Lemaire 1978) meaning that there must be considerable interchange between populations. Isolated from all others, the Worcestershire population was clearly at a disadvantage.

61

Four possible causes of the recent population decline in Worcestershire are:

(a) Lower breeding productivity than in previous years, (b) Habitat loss, (c) Climatic change, (d) Uncompensated emigration losses and other factors operating on an isolated 'island' population.

There was no evidence that either (a), (b) or (c) had been significant in the last ten years, although (b) and (c) may have been important earlier. Background changes in climate or habitat loss in the 1950s and 1960s might have been factors which reduced the population size, making it increasingly more vulnerable to demographic and random factors (such as bad weather) during the 1970s. Demographic factors by themselves could then have driven the population even faster into a spiralling decline and eventual demise. Comparison may be made wi th the fate of the Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio. This became so uncommon in Britain (probably in part because of habitat change and persecution) that the population became vulnerable to factors for which larger populations may be buffered and low return rates (emigration losses) jeopardised survival of the population (Ash 1970). Pettersson (1984) in his study of the extinction of the Middle-spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos medius in Sweden, noted that some birds failed to f ind mates (38% of population were unpaired) and the long isolation of a tiny population may have led to inbreeding depression, which might accelerate the decline of a relict population.

The Future

What of the future? The Worcestershire Nature Conservation Trust protected important Marsh Warbler sites (almost 60% of British Marsh Warblers were on W N C T reserves in 1985 (Kelsey 1987b) and 100% in 1988) and buffered the Worcestershire population from further habitat loss. Management work by the W N C T and recently by the Severn-Trent Water Authority on particular sites, have made significant improvements in habitat quality. Despite these efforts, the causes of the decline appears to lie in the intrinsic nature of the Marsh Warbler population and, perhaps, originated over thirty years ago, long before the first Marsh Warbler reserves were set up in Worcestershire in the early 1970s. The Marsh Warbler reserves in the Avon Valley in Worcestershire protect a habitat type which is both locally and nationally important for other animal and plant species. The disappearance of the Marsh Warbler does not devalue the conservation importance of such areas.

The Marsh Warbler wi l l almost certainly become extinct in Worcestershire. It wi l l probably continue to breed in small numbers in southern England, as it has done so, on and off, throughout this century. Whether or not stable populations become established on sites that have become occupied recently, may be influenced by the behaviour of birdwatchers attracted to Marsh Warbler sites. The behaviour of the several hundred visitors each year to the Worcestershire Marsh Warbler reserves has, almost without exception, been beyond reproach

62

(Hayman 1987). The future of the species as a breeding bird in Britain is extremely precarious. We urge that birdwatchers do take great care and consider the possible implications of visiting known sites and extend to Marsh Warblers the sensitivity that such rarity warrants.

Acknowledgements

We thank the Worcestershire Nature Conservation Trust for permission to work on their Marsh Warbler reserves, for access to data, and in particular John Day and Andrew Fraser of the Trust's conservation staff. Over the years many volunteers have assisted in surveys and their contributions have been invaluable. We are grateful to Dr Chris Perrins, Dr Euan Dunn and Michael Wilson of the EGI, Dr Francoise Dowsett-Lemaire (Belgium), Dr Derek Langslow, Dr Mike Pienkowski, Noel King, Dr Johnny Birks and Tim Drakeford of the NCC and Dr James Cadbury, Tim Cleeves, Graham Eliot, Mike Everett and Carl Nicholson of the RSPB, David Glue (BTO), Dr Jean Clobert (France) and Dr Mike Smart (IWRB) for information and advice at various stages of the work. The Principal and David lorns of Pershore College of Horticulture gave access to meterological data. Thanks also to correspondents from southern England and from Europe. Special thanks to John Meiklejohn and the Baskeyf ield family for help and support in Worcestershire. Funding for Marsh Warbler work in Worcestershire was granted by the Natural Environment Research Council, Severn-Trent Water Authori ty, Worcestershire Nature Conservation Trust, Nature Conservancy Council, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and World Wildl i fe Fund.

References

Ash, J. S. (1970) Observations on a decreasing population of Red-backed Shrikes. Brit. Birds 63:185-205 & 225-239 Batten, L. A., Dennis, R. H„ Prestt, I. & the Rare Breeding Birds Panel (1979) Rare Breeding Birds in the United Kingdom in 1977. Brit. Birds 72:363-381 Cohen, E. & Taverner, J. (1972) A Revised List of Hampshire and Isle of Wight Birds. Oxford lllus. Press. Oxford. Dement'ev, G. R. & Gladkov, N. A. (1968) Birds of the Soviet Union Vol.6.Israel Program for Scientific Translations. Jerusalem. Diamond, J. M. & May, R. M. (1981) Island Biography and the Design of Nature Reserves. In: May, R. M. (ed.) Theoretical Ecology.2nd Ed. Blackwell Scientific Publications. Oxford. Dowsett-Lemaire, F. (1978) Annual turnover in a Belgium population of Marsh Warblers, Acrocephalus palustris. Le Gerfaut 68:519-532. Dowsett-Lemaire, F. & Dowsett, R. J. (1987) European Reed and Marsh Warblers in Africa: migration patterns, moult and habitat. Ostrich 58:65-85. Eriksson, K. (1969) On occurrence and ecology of Blyth's Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus dumetorum) and Marsh Warbler (A palustris) in Finland, Ornis. Fenn. 46:157-170 Garnett, M. C. (1983) Report on the Biology and Conservation of the Marsh

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Warbler (,Acrocephalus palustris) in the Lower Avon Valley, South Worcestershire. Unpubl. Green, G. H. (1983) Population changes in the Marsh Warbler {Acrocephalus palustris) in the Avon Valley, Worcestershire, 1960s to 1980s. Appendix 2. In: Garnett, M. C. (1983) report on the Biology and Conservation of Marsh Warblers (Acrocephalus palustris) in the Lower Avon Valley, South Worcestershire. Unpubl. Harrison, G. R. (ed.) (1982) The Birds of the West Midlands. West Midland Bird Club. Hartham, A. J. (1938) Some breeding habitats of Marsh Warblers in south Worcestershire. British Birds 32:230-232. Harthan, A. J. (1947) The Birds of Worcestershire. Littlebury. Worcester. Hayman, P. V. (1987) Report on Marsh Warblers (Acrocephaluspalustris) in the Lower Avon Valley, Worcestershire in 1987. Unpubl. Kelsey, M. G. (1987a) The Ecology of Marsh Warblers. Unpubl.D.Phil Thesis.University of Oxford. Kelsey, M. G. (1987b) Worcestershire's Marsh Warblers. W N C T Newsletter. Apri l 1987:6-7. Kelsey, M. G. (in prep) Breeding Biology of Marsh Warblers in Worcestershire: a comparison wi th European populations. Submitted to Bird Study. Kelsey, M. G., Green, G. H., Garnett, M. C. and Hayman P. V. (in press) British Birds. Klafs, G. & Stjbs, J. (1977) Birds of Mecklenburg, ED VEB Gustav Fischer, Jena. Lamb, H. H. (1977) Climate: Present, Past and Future. Vol.2. Methuen.London Mal'chevski, A. S. & Pukinski, Y. B. (1983)The birds of the Leningrad region and adjoining territories. Vol.2. L. U. P. Leningrad. Mildenberger, H. (1984) Die Vogel des Dheinlandes Djsseldorf. Vol.2 Gesellschaft Rheinischer Ornithologen. Palmer, E. N. & Ballance, D. K.(1968)The Birds of Somerset. Longmans. London. Radford, M. C. (1966) The Birds of Berkshire & Oxfordshire. Longmans. London Riviere, B. B. (1930) A history of the Birds of Norfolk. Witherby. London Sharrock, J. T. R. (1976) The Atlas of Breeding Birds on Britain and Ireland. T. & A. D. Poyser. Calton Sharrock, J. T. R. and the Rare Breeding Birds Panel (1981) Rare Breeding birds in the United Kingdom 1979. Brit Birds 74:17-36. Shrubb, M. (1979) The Birds of Sussex, Phillimore. London. Smith, T. (1938) The Birds of Staffordshire. Nth.Staffs.Field Clb. Swaine, C. M. (1982) Birds of Gloucestershire. Alan Sutton. Gloucester. Taylor, D. W „ Davenport, D. L. & Flegg, J. J. M. (eds.) (1981) The Birds of Kent. Kent Ornithological Society. Voous, K. H. (1969) Atlas of European Birds. Nelson. London. Walker, C. W. (1984) The Marsh Warbler in Herefordshire. Unpubl.notes. Walpole-Bond, J. P. (1933) The Marsh Warbler as a Sussex species.Brit.Birds 27:58-65 Warde-Fowler, W. (1906) Acrocephalus palustris: a breeding record of fourteen years. Zoologist (1906):401 -409

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Wil l is-Bund, J. W. (1891) A List of the Birds of Worcestershire and the adjoining counties. Worcester. Wingstrand, K. G. (1949) Korrsingaren, Acrocephalus pa/ustris (Bechst ), i Sverige. Nogra bidrag ti l l Kinnedomen om des levnadsvanor och spridningsbiologi. Vor Fogelvorld 8:49-74.

Dr M. G. Kelsey, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, Department of Zoology, South Parks Road, Oxford 0X1 3PS

G. H. Green, Windy Ridge, Little Comberton, Pershore, Worcestershire, WR10 3EW.

There follows a short paper on the comparative identification of Marsh and Reed Warblers, which, it was felt, would be a useful addition to the two papers above.

Dist inguishing Marsh Warbler f r o m Reed Warbler, in early summer and as f irst-years.

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The identification of these two very similar species of unstreaked' Acrocephalus warbler has caused problems amongst birdwatchers for many years. In the West Midlands Region, the Marsh Warbler has maintained a regular, but sadly now very reduced, breeding population in the Lower Avon Valley. In suitable habitat, along the River Avon and some of its tributaries both of the above species are present side by side.

Habitat

Reed Warblers tend to favour stands of Common Reed Phragmites australis, which line the River Avon, for breeding. The males usually sing from within these reeds and can remain inconspicuously placed on a concealed perch. Marsh Warblers prefer areas of luxuriant vegetation such as Nettle Urtica dioica and Greater Wil lowherb EpHobium hirsutum and wi l l perch prominently in Hemlock Conium maculatum and other tall plants, from which they deliver their song.

Song

To the experienced ear the songs of both species are distinctive. They remain the best method of detection for Marsh Warblers, from the end of May until late June. The Reed Warbler's song consists of a fairly continuous and monotonous f low of low pitched notes which typically includes sequences of rather gutteral notes, each repeated two or three times. A variation on a theme is usually produced, although certain individuals do vary it to give a wider more musical tune. There can be phrases of mimicry interspersed wi th or on top of the usual song. Wr i t ten down, the basic song is best expressed as 'Churr-churr-c h u r r . . . chirruc-chirruc-chirruc . . . chink-chonk-churruc' etc. sometimes going on for several minutes.

The Marsh Warbler's song is louder, wi th much more variation in the content, sounding more like Sedge Warbler than Reed, in quality, and perhaps even more powerful and musical than Sedge. Normally, it is less gutteral than Reed and characteristically includes some very mellifluous notes, rarely if ever matched by Reed. The song is delivered at quite a speed, often starting or stopping suddenly and is relatively faster and less uniform than Reed. It sounds like a mixed 'barrage' of squeaky and musical notes, interlaced with loud tril ls and liquid phrases, sometimes recalling those of a caged Canary. The Marsh Warbler is a great mimic and when listening to the song, you can often pick out phrases of Blue Tit, Chaffinch, Swallow, Song Thrush and other song birds mixed in with the medley. Many of the songs mimicked are of birds encountered on their wintering grounds in Africa.

Structure and Sof t Parts

Both species are approximately the same size. Marsh Warblers can give the impression of looking longer winged in the field; however visible primary

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projection to exposed tertial ratios have not yet been conclusively used to separate the two.

Whilst Marsh Warblers may appear longer billed, there is an overlap in some measurements and in fact Marsh averages shorter (but broader) billed than Reed. Marsh have been recorded as looking "prominent about the bill", but this may be due to the rather pale colour of the bill which draws the eye, not its dimensions. It may have a shallower bill (ie 'top to bottom') than Reed, but it averages broader.

Bill colour is however a useful feature. Adult Marsh Warblers usually have the whole of the lower mandible and a good proportion of the upper mandible pale orange-yellow. Only the culmen is darker brown, with the bill tip itself also pale, t h e equivalent bill colour of Reed Warbler is darker and duller, wi th the paler areas being dull orange and much less noticeable in the field. A feature which has recently gained a lot of credence when observing singing birds, is the gape (as opposed to mouth) colour. In Marsh Warblers, it is a noticeable bright prirfirose-yellow (though the mouth is orange), whereas in Reed it tends to be orange. Therefore the lack of contrast in Reed is a useful feature. Marsh Warblers do tend to open their bills much wider when singing and so this feature is easier to see.

With Marsh Warblers, the head does tend to look more peaked, especially on a singing bird, whilst Reed Warblers have a flatter crown profile. This feature is not constant, however.

Leg colour is an area which requires further work. Svensson maintains that leg colour is only a good discriminatory feature on first year individuals but not on adults (where there is overlap). The legs of first year Marsh Warblers are almost always bright pink-yellow, whereas those of Reed are darker, usually dull brownish or greenish-grey, sometimes with slightly brighter feet or soles to the feet. Svensson maintains that on adults, dark leg colour does not rule out Marsh. I have found the leg colour of adults to be a more consistent feature (as per first years) than Svensson and Alan Dean found the same on a recent trip to Russia (pers.comm to Ed). It should therefore be treated as a helpful, but as yet, not totally reliable feature.

Plumage

Although adult Reed and Marsh Warblers are very similar and care is always necessary, adults of both species, in early summer, can be separated on plumage when seen well in good light. First year birds tend to be much more similar (see below) and separation of birds in autumn, away from the breeding areas, is altogether much more difficult.

On the upperparts, adult Marsh Warblers tend to be pale brown, with olive or sandy-grey tones giving an overall pale appearance. The subtle olive tones are best looked for on the nape, mantle and especially on the rump and uppertail coverts. Marsh Warblers always have bright white throats at this time of the

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year, which can look well puffed out on a male in full song. The underparts are generally white, w i th a slight yellowish wash across the upper breast and on the flanks. As the upperparts become bleached/worn during the summer, the plumage can take on a rather fulvous tone, wi th an obviously white throat. The centre of the belly can looked washed silvery. The wings and tail are dark olive grey-brown, wi th a very dark alula. The tertails appear two tone wi th darker olive-brown centres and much paler clean cut fringes. On the head, a noticeable short whi te supercil ium is prominent between the bill and the eye, but only extends a short distance behind the eye.

Adult Reed Warblers are usually darker, dingier and much browner looking warblers than Marsh. The whole of the upperparts is medium to rich brown without (in western races) any trace of olive in the plumage. Indeed, the rump can often look warm brown, although not usually as rusty as on autumn juveniles of the same species. The short supercilium is a darker creamy colour and less noticeable than on Marsh. Reed lacks the dark alula and the tertails never show the same contrast as on those of Marsh. Although the throat can be quite white, it does not usually match the effect gained on Marsh. Reed Warblers have the rest of the underparts washed wi th dirtier tones, such as pale grey-brown or buff, especially on the flanks, giving the overall appearance of sullied off-white colouration. Indeed the Marsh Warbler remains a paler, cleaner cut and brighter species than Reed and when seen well can be readily identified.

First Year birds

First year Marsh Warblers, unlike adults, can frequently have a distinctly rufous-toned rump. Although the plumage may sometimes retain a greyer or more fulvous appearance than Reed, the two species may prove extremely difficult to separate at this t ime of year. First year Marsh tends to have distinctly pale legs, rather clear cut whit ish tips to the inner primaries (and sometimes a rather squarer tip to the tail) but caution is the watchword when identifying unstreaked Acrocephalus warblers in autumn.

I would like to thank Alan Dean for his helpful and constructive remarks, many of which have been included in this short paper.

S. M. Whitehouse.

References:

Svensson: Identification Guide to European Passerines.

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1 9 8 7 Bird Record Localities

The following alphabetical list for each county gives the grid reference of all localities mentioned in the Report. The accompanying map shows every locality for which a record was submitted in 1987.

Warwickshire Sites

Alcester SP0957 Alvecote SK2504 Ansley SP3091 Arbury SP3389 Ardens Grafton SP1154 Arley SP2890 Astley SP3189 Atherstone SP3097

Baddesley Clinton SP2071 Ballards Green SP2791 Barford SP2760 Bascote SP4063 Belfry Golf Course SP1895 Bedworth, The Nook SP3486 Bedworth Slough SP3587 Bedworth Woodlands SP3487 Bentley SP2895 Bidford SP0951 Birchley Heath SP2894 Bishops Bowl Lake SP3858 Bodymoor Heath SP1996 Bramcote SP4188 Brandon SP3875 Bulkington SP3986 Burton Hastings SP4189

Chesterton SP2656 Church Lawford SP4476 Claverdon SP1964 Clowes Wood SP0973 Coleshill SP2089 Compton Verney SP3152 Coombe Abbey SP4079 Coton SP2194 Coughton SP0860 Crackley Wood SP2874 Cubbington SP3468 Curdworth SP1892

Devitts Green SP2790 Dordon SK2600 Draycote SP4669

Earlswood SP1174 Eathorpe SP3969

Ettington SP2748 Exhall SP3485

Farnborough Hall SP4349 Fillongley SP2887 Freasley SP2499

Great Packington SP2384 Grendon SP2799

Hams Hall Power Station SP2092

Hartshill SP3294 Henley-in-Arden SP1566 Hoar Park SP2693

llmington SP2043

Kenilworth SP2971 Kingley SP0854 Kingsbury SP2096

Ladywalk SP2191 Lawford SP4676 Lea Marston SP2093 Leamington SP3165 Lillington SP3267 Little Packington SP2184 Long Itchington SP4165 Long Lawford SP4776 Long Marston SP1548

Marston SP2094 Marton SP4069 Maxstoke SP2386 Middleton SP1898 Myton SP3065

Nether Whitacre SP2392 New Arley SP2989 Nuneaton SP3691

Old Arley SP2890 Old Nun Wood SP3870 Over Whitacre SP2591

Packington SP2384

Ragley Hall SP0755 Rowington SP2069

Rugby SP5175 Ryton Wood SP3872

Seckington SK2607 Seeswood Pool SP3290 Shawbury SP2588 Shrewley SP2167 Shustoke SP2291 Somers, The SP2282 Stockton SP4364 Stratford-upon-Avon SP2055

Wappenbury Wood SP3770 Warmington SP4147 Warwick SP2864 Wasperton SP2658 Wellesbourne Wood SP2753 Wh ate ley Whitacre Heath SP2192 Willey SP4984 Wixford SP0854 Wood End SP2498 Wooton Wawen SP1563

Worcestershire

Abberton S09953 Alfrick S07453 Alvechurch SP0272 Arley S07680 Arrow Valley Lake SP0665 Arrow Valley Park SP0667 Ashmoor Common S08546 Aston Mill S09435 Atch Lench SP0350

Beckford S09735 Beoley Mill Pool SP0670 Besford S09144 Bewdley S09277 Birlingham S09342 Bittell SP0174 Blackpole S08657 Blackstone Farm S07974 Bordesley SP0469 Bredon S09136 Bredon's Hardwick S09135 Bredon Hill S09539 Bretforton SP0443 Briar Mill

Long-tailed Duck Chasewater Dec. 1987 P. Ward

Jack Snipe Chasewater Oct. 1987

Scaup Westport Jan. 1987 W. J. Low

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British Camp S07640 Broadway SP0937 Brockamin S07753 Broome S09078 Broomhall S08651

Callow Hill S07473 Camp Weir S08359 Castlemorton

Common S07839 Chadbury SP0246 Chase End S07635 Church Lench Pool SP0251 Clent S09379 Clifton S08445

Defford S09143 Devil's Spittleful S08074 Diglis S08453 Dodford S09373 Dowles Brook S07776 Droitwich S08963 Droitwich Canal Dunhampstead S09160 Dunhampton S08466

Eckington S09241 Elmley Castle S09841 Evesham SP0343

Far Forest S07274 Fladbury S09946 Frankley S09980 Frankley Reservoir SP0080 Fred Dale Reserve S07776

Golden Valley Pool S07737 Grafton Flyford S09656 Grafton Wood S09756 Grimley S08360 Guarlford S08145 Gullet, The S07638

Manbury S09663 Hanley Dingle S06036 Happy Valley S07645 Hartlebury S08470 Hartlebury Common S08270 Hollybed Common S07737 Hollybush S07636 Hollybush Roughs S07636 Holt S08262 Hopton Court S07552

Ipsley Alders SP0665 Interfield S07749

Kempsey S08549 Kempsey Common S08748 Knapp, The S07451 Knowle Fields SP0457

Larford S08169 Leigh Church S07853 Lickey Hills S09975 Little Comberton S09643 Lower Moor S09847 Lynall's Coppice S07375

Madresfield S08047 Malvern Hills S07745 Malvern Link S07847 Martley S07559 Midsummer Hill S07637 Mill Pond Mythe Bridge S08833

Nafford S09441 Norgrove Court SP0065 North Hill S07646 North Malvern S07647 North Quarry S07646 Northwick Marsh S08357 Norton S08850

Oakley S08960 Old Hills S08248 Old Storridge S07551

Paper Mill Pool Pershore S09445 Pirton S08747 Pitcher Oak Wood SP0267 Pixham S08448 Porter's Mill S08660 Powick S08351

Ragged Stone Hill S07536 Ravenshill Lake S07353 Redditch SP0467 Rednal SP0076 Ribbesford S07873 Ripple S08738 Rous Lench SP0153 Ryall S08640

Sedgeberrow SP0238 Shatterford S07981 Shortwood Roughs Spetchley Park S08953 St. Anne's Well S07745 St Peters S08753 Stakenbridge S08979 Stourport S08171

Strensham S09039

Thorngrove S08260 Throckmorton S09849 Tibberton S09057 Tiddesley Woods S09245 Torton S08472 Trench Wood S09258 Trimpley S07778 Twyford SP0446 Twyning Fleet S09036

Upton-upon-Severn S08540 Upton Warren S09367

Walton Hill S09479 Washford SPQ765 Weatheroak Hill SP0674 Weethley Wood SP0455 Wells Common West Hagley S09080 Westwood S08763 Weymans Wood S07261 Wichenford S07860 Wickhamford SP0641 Wilden S08272 Windmill Hill SP0747 Wood Green S08067 Worcester S08454 Worcester

Sewage Farm S08453 Worcestershire

Beacon S07645 Wyre Forest S07676 Wyre Mill S09546 Wyre Piddle S09647 Wythall SP0775

Yeald Wood SP0152

Staffordshire

Admaston SK0523 Alrewas SKI 715 Amington SK2304 Anker, River SK2205 Anslow SK2125 Anson's Bank SJ9816 Apedale SJ8247 Aqualate SJ7720

Back Forest SJ9865 Baggeridge C P S08992 Barlaston SJ8938 Barton Pit SK2017 Basford SJ8546 Beaudesert SK0313

70

Beech Dale SJ8538 Beech SJ8538 Belgrave SK2202 Belvide SJ8610 Berry Hill SJ8946 Betley Mere SJ7447 Biddulph SJ8857 Biddulph's Pool SK0309 Blackbrook SK0064 Blithfield SK0623 Boltongate SJ9344 Borrowpit Lake SK2003 Brakenhurst SK1423 Brand Plantation SK0466 Branston SK2120 Brindley Heath SJ9914 Brocton SJ9619 Brocton Coppice SJ9819 Bromley Hurst SK0822 Burntwood SK0509 Burslem SJ8749 Burston SJ9430 Burton upon Trent SK2423 Burybank SJ8735

Calwich Lake SK1243 Cannock Chase SK0016 Cannock Tip SJ9909 Canwell Hall SK1400 Chasewater SK0307 Cheadle SK0143 Cheddleton SJ9752 Chillington SJ8606 Churnet, River SK0246 Clay Mills SK2625 Clayton SJ8542 Cockley Wood Codsall SJ8603 Colwich SK0121 Consall Forge SJ9848 Coombes Valley SK0052 Copmere SJ8029 Coven SJ9006 Croxall SKI 914

Danebridge SJ9665 Dove, River SK1531 Dosthill SK2100 Dovedale SK1452 Doxey SJ9024 Drayton Manor Park SKI901 Dump's Coven SK0514 Dunstal SK0725 Dunstall SKI 820 Dunston SJ9217 Dydon Wood SK1344

Eland Brook SK1426 Elford SK1810 Enville S08286

Fairoak Pools SK0116 Fatholme SK2017 Fenton SJ8944 Fisherwick SKI 709 Folly Hall SK1425 Ford Green SJ8950 Forton SJ7521 Fradley SK1513 Froghall SK0247

Gailey SJ9310 Garden Festival Site SJ8647 George's Hayes SK0613 German Cemetery SJ9815 Gib Torr SK0264 Gig Hall SJ9564 Glacial Boulder SJ9718 Gnosall SJ8220 Goldenhill SJ8553 Goldsitch Moss SK0165 Greens SK0066 Greenway Bank SJ8855 Gun Hill SJ9661

Hammerwich SK0607 Hamps Valley SK0952 Hanchurch SJ8441 Harlaston SK2211 Hazelslade SK0212 Heath Hayes SK0210 Heighley Castle SJ7746 Hem Heath Wood SJ8840 Highgate Common S08389 High Offley SJ7826 Himley S08891 Hinkley Wood SKI 250 Hixon SK0025 Hoar Cross SK1323 Hockley SK2200 Hollybush Lake SK1326 Hopwas SK1705

Jackson's Bank SKI 423 Jacksons Coppice SJ7930

Katyn Memorial SJ9816 Keele SJ8045 Keele University SJ8244 Kettlebrook Lake SK2103 Kings Bromley SK1216 Kingsley Banks SK0048 King's Standing SK1624 Kingswood SJ9908

Kinver Edge S08383 Knotbury SK0168 Knypersley SJ8955

Leamonsley Woods SK1009 Lichfield SK1110 Little Wyrley SK0105 Long nor SK0864 Longsdon Marsh SJ9655 Longsdon Mill Pool SJ9554 Longton SJ9043 Loynton Moss SJ7824 Lower Avenue SJ8807

Maer SJ7938 Maer Hills SJ7739 Marchington

Woodlands SK1128 Meerbrook SJ9860 Middle Hills SK0363 Mill Green SJ9810 Mucklestone SJ7237

Needwood Airfield SK1524 Needwood Forest SK1624 Newborough SK1325 Newcastle-under-

Lyme SJ8445 Newlands SK0009 Norton Canes SK0108

Oakamoor SK0544 Offley Mill Pool SJ7929 Oldacre Valley SJ9718

Park Hall SJ9345 Pasturefields SJ9825 Pattingham S08299 Penkridge SJ9214 Porthill SJ8548 Punchbowl SJ9820

Ranton Abbey SJ8324 Rickerscote SJ9320 Roaches SK0063 Rudyard SJ9459 Rugeley SK0417 Rugeley

Power Station SK0517

Sandon SJ9429 Sandyford SJ8653 Satnall Hills SJ9820 Seighford SJ8824 Seven Springs SK0020 Shakey Bridge SJ8926 Sheepwalks S08185

71

Shelton SJ8746 Sherbrook Valley SJ9818 Shugborough SJ9922 Sideway SJ8743 Stafford SJ9223 Stanley Head SJ9351 Stanley Pool SJ9351 Stowe Pool SK1210 Streethay SK1410 Stretton SJ8811 Stretton SK2626 Stone SJ9034 Swallow Moss SK0660 Swarbourn, River SK1417 Swynnerton SJ8535

Tamworth SK2003 Tatenhill SK2021 Three Shires Head SK0068 Tittesworth SJ9959 Tixall SJ9722 Trentham SJ8640 Trent Vale SJ8643 Triangle SK0507

Upper Fleet SK0561 Upper Hulme SK0160 Upper Longdon SK0514

Walton-on-the-Hill SJ8934 Weston Bank SJ9727 Westport Lake SJ8550 Wetton Mill SK0956 Whiston SJ8914 Whitemoor Haye SK1813 Wychnor SK1716 Wyrley Common SK0206

Yoxall SK1419 Yoxall Lodge SK1522

West Midlands

Aldridge SK0500 Alumwell School

(Walsall) S09998 Ashmore Park SJ9061

Barston SP2078 Bartlev Reservoir SP0081 Bentley Pools S09898 Berkswell SP2479 Bickenhill SP1882 Bilston S09496 Bloxwich SJ9902 Bradnock's March SP2179 Branton Hill Quarry Brierley Hill Pools S09186 Brookvale Park SP0991 Brownhills Common SK0405 Brueton Park SP1678

Chelmsley Wood SP1886 Clayhanger SK0404 Coseley Cotwall End S09192 Coventry SP3478

Dicken's Heath SP1176 Dorridge SP1675

Edgbaston Park SP0584 Edgbaston Reservoir SP0486

Fordhouses SJ0391

Gornal S09190 Grove Pool

Hampton in Arden S02080 Handsworth SP0490 Handsworth Wood SP0590 Hockley Heath SP1572 Hollywood SP0878 Hydes Road Pool S09994

Knowle SP1876

Lunt, The S09696 Luttley Gutter

Marston Green SP1785 Meriden SP2482 Minworth SP1692 Monkspath SP1475

Moseley SP0783 Moxley S09695

Netherton Reservoir S09388 Newton SP0688

Olton Reservoir SP1381

Park Lime Pits SP0299 Pelsall SK0203 Pensnett S09188

Queslett SP0694

Saltwells Wood S09387 Sandwell Valley SP0291 Sedgley S09194 Sheepwash

Urban Park S09790 Solihull SP1579 St Margaret's

Hospital SP0595 Stonebridge SP2183 Stubbers Green SK0401 Sutton Coldfield SP1296 Sutton Park SP0997 Swanshurst Parks SP0981

Temple Balsall SP2076 Tividale SP0198 Trittiford Park SP0980

Walsall Arboretum SP0198 Warley SP0186 West Bromwich SP0091 West Park S09099 Westwood Coppice Willenhall S09698 Witton Lakes SP0892 Wolverhampton S09198 Wrens Nest S09391

73

Classified Notes

The sequence followed is that of the "British Birds" List of the Western Palearctic (1978) which follows Professor K H Voous's "List of Recent Holarctic Bird Species '(1977). The a verage arrival and departure dates given for migrants are based respectively on the first and last dates (excluding freaks) shown in the annual reports upto 1987. Figures in brackets denote the number of years on which the averages are based. In tables. - denotes no count available. See p. 186 for key to contributors.

Red-throated Diver Staffs A diver flying around Chasewater at dusk on October 19 was very

probably this species GE.

Black-throated Diver Staffs An immature at Chasewater from December 20 to the year's end RAH

et al. W Mid A f irst-winter juvenile at Bartley on January 16 SMW.

Great Northern Diver Warks A f irst-winter bird at Draycote on February 7 PDH. Staffs Last year's bird remained at Belvide until January 5 KA. RRH, SAR. An

immature at Blithfield on January 1 MJI, GJM.

Little Grebe Autumn counts still disappointing.

Warks Breeding pairs reported from Alvecote (one) Coton (one), Eathorpe (one), Kingsbury (two), Myton (one), Packington (six), Ragley Hall (one), The Somers (one), and Warwick (one). Maximum of nine at Hartshill on October 10. (cf. 100 at Kingsbury in 1982).

Worcs At Larford, where three pairs raised 10 young, up to 12 birds were present from January to April. The maximum autumn count here was 26 on November 10. Elsewhere pairs bred near Bittell, at Grimley and Ravenshill Lake. Seven on the River Avon at Evesham on January 16 and up to seven present throughout the autumn at Bredon's Hardwick. Smaller numbers were recorded at nine other localities.

Staffs Bred at Barton Pit, Betley, Chasewater (at least four pairs, of which three were successful), Croxall, Doxey (two pairs), Elford (three pairs), Hollybush Lake, Kettlebrook, Mil l Green, Trentham (four pairs), Westport (two broods) and Yoxall. No evidence of breeding at Belvide where it remains an erratic and fairly scarce visitor, except during post-breeding dispersal. Also noted at Baggeridge, Blithfield and Ford Green. Maximum counts were 14 at Elford on August 22,11 at Belvide in August, 15 at Trentham on September 13 and 14 at Chasewater on September 23.

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W Mid Bred at Bradnock's Marsh, Edgbaston Park, Sandwell Valley, Sutton Park and Willenhall Sewage Farm. Up to 20 at Bradnock's Marsh was the only significant total.

Great Crested Grebe Numbers held up better this year despite the early cold weather. High spring water-levels resulted in better breeding numbers and autumn counts, particularly at Belvide and Blithfield. Monthly maxima at selected sites:

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Alvecote 7 9 16 16 17 18 16 13 8 10 8 6 Draycote 40 25 15 — — — — — 12 23 24 45 Eariswood 1 7 16 25 — 16 16 16 37 30 14 —

Shustoke 25 — 11 — — — — — — 5 10 15 Kingsbury area 42 39 55 16 — — — 17 30 37 20 12

Bittell 1 13 26 2 2 4 4 12 Upton Warren 0 12 30 17 7 4 5 3 2 2 1 3 Weetwood 1 10 21 16 10 6 10 12 9 7 11 12

Aqualate — 2 15 14 — 10 - 10 2 6 —

Belvide 31 27 23 20 20 28 34 43 60 46 50 5 Blithfield 5 21 39 12 — — 142 105 79 22 47 54 Chasewaler 7 e 23 16 8 16 — 22 18 16 11 12 Rudyard — — 14 — — 6 16 20 9 — — —

Westport 3 4 12 8 5 4 8 5 4 4 6 2

Sandwell Valley 1 12 15 14 6 6 6 6 3 5 2 1

Warks Pairs bred at Compton Verney (one), Coton (one), Earlswood (three), Kingsbury (16), Middleton (two), Packington (six), Ragley(one)and The Somers (two).

Worcs Pairs bred at Beckford, Larford (three). Lower Moor, Upton Warren (two) and Westwood (four). Small numbers reported from Bredon's Hardwick, Diglis and Ripple.

Staffs Bred at Barton Pit, Belvide (seven nests from which four pairs fledged seven young), Betley, Blithfield (four pairs raised five young), Branston (three or four pairs), Canwell, Chasewater (five or six pairs fledged 10 young), Chill ington (four nests produced nine young), Doxey, Elford (five pairs), Gailey (three broods), Greenway Bank (two pairs), Hollybush Lake, Rudyard (four pairs), Tittesworth, and Westport. Two pairs at Trentham failed.

W Mid Breeding confirmed at Brierley Hill Pools (three pairs), Edgbaston Vale Park, Olton Reservoir, Sandwell Valley, Sneyd Reservoir, Sutton Park (two pairs), Trittiford Park, West Smethwick Park.

Red-necked Grebe Another good year, w i th at least nine birds and a notable influx in mid-January.

75

Warks Two at Draycote from January 17 to 31, wi th one remaining until March 8 PDH et at. One at Kingsbury on March 7 and 8 ARD.

Worcs Two on the River Severn at Diglis from January 21 to 28. REH, SMW. Staffs Singles at Blithfield on January 17 and 18 MJI, GJM, REH et al and

Tittesworth from January 17 to 31 PGB, DG. Adults in breeding plumage at Belvide on Apri l 10 JPM, Blithfield on Apri l 22 RSL and 23 MJI. NJS and Belvide on September 3 JKH. KRS, NRS.

1985 Addendum W Mid The bird reported at Bartley from January 19 to February 9 was still

present on February 12.

Slavonian Grebe An excellent year, particularly in Warwickshire; as wi th Red-necked Grebe, a notable influx in mid-January.

Warks At least eight individuals, all in the first winter period. Two at Draycote on January 18 GIG, REH, PDH were followed, exceptionally, by five there on 22 GMH. One then remained from January 24 to 28 WC, AC, DJS. A further single, thought to be different, was present from February 21 AC, PDH until 28 PDH. Elsewhere, two at Kingsbury on January 4 PDH, wi th one on 6 NPB.

Staffs Singles on the Trent at Branston on January 23 TC, at Chasewater from October 10 to 24 JSN et at and at Blithfield on December 4 CCO.

W Mid Two birds present at Bartley from January 27 to 30 SCH, SMW.

Black-necked Grebe An excellent year, with a good spread of records.

Warks Three records after two blank years. One at Kingsbury on May 25 SLC, GIG, BLK and another there on October 22 SLC. One at Shustoke on September 27 ARD.

Worcs One at Westwood on October 1 EG P. Staffs A pair at Belvide from May 16 to 20 KA et al. Two at Belvide on

September 10 and 12; one only on 11 and again from the 13 to 1 BSJet al.

W Mid A breeding plumage adult at Sheepwash U.P. from April 27 to June 5 GW, TE. Autumn records from Sandwell Valley on October 9 JWM and Sutton Park from at least October 8 to 19 ARMB, CM, HSQ.

Fulmar The first year since 1981 that there have been two separate records in one year.

Warks One at Kingsbury on January 17 crashed onto ice and was probably taken by a fox >1/70. This was the f i f th county record, but the first for a winter month.

Worcs Onewasseenf ly ingnor thnearWorcestersh i reBeacononJuly21 VJO.

76

Manx Shearwater The seventh successive year for records, an unprecedented eight birds, all associated wi th particularly bad weather in September and October.

Worcs Birds were picked up at Worcester on September 8 and Grafton Flyford on September 15 and later released at the Severn Estuary per DCW. One found at Rednall on September 13 was released at Bittell KGC. Another bird was seen at Lower Bittell on September 20 DAB. These four records show a marked September 'wreck'.

Staffs One picked up in a back yard at Dunstall on October 2 was taken to Sandwell Valley and released near Bristol, two days later AW, RN, AN.

W Mid Two exhausted birds were handed into the RSPB Sandwell; they were picked up at Wednesfield on September 5, and Amblecote on October 12 and were released successfully.

1986 Addendum Worcs One picked up in Worcester on September 5 was successfully released

at Severn Bridge, Avon a few days later per JH.

Leach's Petrel Late September storms produced two, probably, three separate records. Aside from autumn 1952, when 56 birds were reported, three separate birds have only occurred previously in 1953, 1978 and 1983.

Warks One at Draycote on September 20 AC. Staffs Singles at Blithfield on September 25 MDJ, ICW and Chasewater on

September 27 AC. W Mid What is likely to have been the Chasewater bird was seen, first, at

Bartley SMW and later at Sandwell Valley, also on the 27 TCH. AJK, JWM.

Gannet The Worcs. date is unusual, outside the more 'regular' months of June and September/October.

Worcs An adult was picked up at Far Forest on July 30 but unfortunately died a few days later, per SMW.

W Mid An immature bird f lew low over the Birmingham Welsh Rugby Club ground on September 1 SLC.

Cormorant Monthly maxima at principal waters:

J F M A M J J A s 0 N • Kingsbury 13 7 14 3 3 — — — 2 13 36 42 Ladywalk — 23 S 3 1 1 — — 1 11 38 35

Bredon's Hardwick 3 5 1 7 7 Lariord 3 5 6 3 — — 1 1 2 4 5 6

77

J F M A M J J A S 0 N 0

Aqualale — 21 5 2 — — 8 11 13 —

Belvide 10 4 9 10 8 6 1 2 18 10 16 16 Blithfield 26 76 90 36 19 3 5 18 33 45 36 55 Chasewater 13 — 7 18 — — — 3 — 1 — 14 Chllllngton — — 1 — — — — 1 18 10 27 8 Clay Mills 46 54 11 6 — — — — 14 14 16 b Gailey — — 4 4 — — — — 2 10 — —

Warks Unprecedented numbers moved into the Tame Valley area in autumn and winter, being attracted to new stocks of eels in angling pools. Some of the birds strongly resembled the continental race P.c.sinensis. Several ringed birds in December were believed to be of Danish origin RSPB. Others were recorded at Alvecote (seven), Brandon, Draycote (two), Earlswood (three), Seeswood, Shustoke (17) and The Somers.

Worcs Nine f lew upstream at Trimpley on January 16. 11 passed over Little Comberton on September 25. Smaller numbers reported from Bittell, Hollybush, Holt Heath, Mythe Bridge, Ribbesford, Ripple, Strensham, Upton-upon-Severn, Upton Warren and Westwood. An adult, perched on scaffolding in Worcester during September, appeared on television on September 131

Staffs Also noticed at Betley, Borrowpit Lake, Branston (up to 14), Burton-on-Trent, Croxall, Dosthill, Doxey, Elford (up to 32), Rickerscote, Tittesworth and Westport. No information received from Kings Bromley. The March count at Blithfield would appear to be the highest ever recorded there.

W Mid The usual scattering of records from Bartley, Brierley Hill Pools Sandwell Valley and Sheepwash U.P. 12 together on September 7, in the Sandwell Valley, was the highest count recorded.

Shag The record in April is relatively unusual for this species, autumn records being more regular.

Warks One at Draycote on September 11 REH and 12 PDH. Staffs One at Chasewater on April 20 CM.

Bittern Five records or more in one year has occurred on only three previous occasions and reflects a greater regularity of appearance since the mid-1960's (coupled, perhaps, with better coverage by birders). The February records no doubt result from the cold weather during the latter part of January.

Warks One at Kingsbury on February 8 HDe, PPN. One at Ladywalk from November 27 to the end of the year, was seen by scores of observers throughout its stay. BLK et at.

Staffs One at Betley on February 14 JAL. W Mid An emaciated bird was found at Shard End on January 14 AOG and

78

taken to RSPB Sandwell Valley the fol lowing day. It was fed and cared for and then taken to Leighton Moss, Lancashire and released there on 23. Two months later, during a survey, it was recaught. Sheepwash U.P. had an elusive bird on November 10 and 11 GW

Grey Heron Warks A slight increase on last year's breeding numbers, but no records

received from some known heronries. 11 pairs raised 35 young at Baddesley Clinton, 23 pairs at Coombe Abbey, 15 pairs raised 35 young at Ragley Hall and, at Wooton Wawen, between seven and ten nests were thought to be occupied. At Ladywalk, a maximum of 34 were present on August 24 and some were seen landing on swimming Cormorants and stealing fish. Occasionally, the Cormorant would dive, leaving the Herons swimming wi th the catch BLK.Also, 14 at The Somers on August 23. One found dead at Long Itchington was presumed to have choked to death on a rat.

Worcs One occupied heronry held at least 12 nests. Maxima were as follows; 14 at Bittell on August 10, eight at Bredon's Hardwick on July 26 and 11 at Upton Warren on August 31.

Staffs A slight fall in the number of nests, from last year. A survey of all the known heronries produced the fol lowing nest counts: 71 at Abbots Bromley, at least 32 at Aqualate, eight at Chillington, two at Eccleshall Castle, nine at Enville, 24 at Gailey, 12 at Longsden Woods, six at Trentham, 33 in the south-east and one in the-south-west. Numbers were thus down a little on 1986. Up to 50 at Blithfield in June and July, 14 at Elford and Rudyard and 10 at Belvide. Three at Chasewater on August 18 was a site record!

W Mid Recorded throughout the year in the Sandwell Valley, wi th a maximum of 14 on September 11 and October 17. Also noted at Brierley Hill Pools, Knowle, Marston Green, Park Lime Pits, Sheepwash U P., Stubbers Green, Sutton Park and Willenhall. Seen flying over Birmingham City Centre, Havely Heath and Wednesbury. No records from Berkswell.

Night Heron Warks A second-summer bird at Ladywalk on May 5 was the second county

record, the first being in May 1981 MEG.

1984 Addendum Staffs A second-summer bird at Longsdon Marsh on June 8 WJL was only the

second county record.

Catt le Egret Staffs One at Doxey on January 7 AM was almost certainly the same as the

one in Derbyshire from December 16 1986 unti l early on January 7. First seen at 13.30 foraging along the river bank and being harrassed by a Grey Heron. The Egret was all white in plumage wi th a yellowish bill, exactly as seen and photographed by

79

the same observer when in Derbyshire. At 13.45 it f lew off over the marshes to the north. This constitutes the first record for the Club's area.

Mute Swan Monthly maxima at selected sites:

J F M A M J J A S O N • Alvecote 33 24 14 44 50 65 103 105 110 94 31 41 Coton 9 6 6 — 53 — 52 15 32 57 18

Bredon's Hardwick 5 15 — 16 15 9 18 5 Larford 8 4 3 2 11 — 3 — — 3 1

Belvide 10 9 4 13 31 45 51 54 a 6 Blithlield — 2 4 — 13 46 47 47 4 3 / 1 Chasewater 6 2 13 7 6 2 5 12 28 20 18 13 Kettlebrook 16 8 6 6 3 7 — 6 6 7 6 6 Westport 38 38 27 30 33 28 30 32 33 49 47 51

Sandwell Valley 33 27 7 8 4 5 5 4 6 — - -

Warks Pairs bred successfully at Bedworth Slough, Kingsbury (two), Leamington (two), Middleton, Stratford (two) and The Somers. Two pairs at Alvecote were unsuccessful.

Worcs Pairs bred at Bittell (two). Church Lench, Pirton, Thorngrove and Worcester. 15 were at Pirton Pool on February 18. The Ripple flock contained 56 on March 1 and 54 on Apri l 2 2 . 1 0 were at Worcester on January 23.

Staffs Successful breeding reported from Alrewas, Barton Pit, Croxall Mill, Elford (two of three pairs successful), Gailey, Garden Festival site at Stoke, Kettlebrook and Trentham. At Belvide, one brood died very young and another survived only until October. At Chasewater, a brood survived one day. A pair at Hollybush Lake failed and two nests at Westport were robbed. 125 were on the river at Tamworth on January 20, up to 32 in the Croxall — Whitemoor Haye area from January to March and 23 at Elford from October to December.

W Mid Bred at Brierley Hill Pools, Clayhanger, Sandwell Valley and Sheepwash U.P. Unfortunately one of the two pairs in Sandwell met w i th disaster when the pen was killed, on the nest, by vandals. A pair at Stubbers Green produced seven young but by July all seven and one adult had died due to oil pollution.

Bewick 's Swan Another good year in terms of both numbers and spread of records wi th a small but notable movement towards the end of January.

Warks Two at Shustoke on January 2 were possibly the birds seen at Coton the fol lowing day. At dusk, these birds were joined by eight more. Almost certainly one of these was seen at Kingsbury from January 7 to 18 and what could have been the same bird was seen at Alvecote from January

80

24 to February 15. In the second winter period, three at Draycote on November 7 preceded a larger party of 10 there on several dates between November 29 and December 30, wi th 16 on December 20. Elsewhere, a single at Coton on November 22 and seven at Alvecoteon December 13.

Worcs At Bredon's Hardwick numbers were a little inconsistent this year. 12 were present on January 2 with 47 there on January 26. Only two could be found on February 1 but 143 were counted on February 7 .112 were still present on February 15 but the f igure had fallen to two by March 8. A single adult remained there from March 31 to the late date of May 8. Six returned on December 13 and 92 were seen on December 15. Five adults remained on December 19. Elsewhere, three were at Upton Warren on January 4 whi le 11 stayed at Larford from January 15 to 17. Six f lew over Mythe Bridge on January 26 and eight f lew west over Bretforton the next day. Four were at Powick Hams on January 31. Three were at Larford on December 13 and six paused at Ar row Valley Lake on December 17.

Staffs Up to four adults fed on winter corn at Penkridge from January 1 to 11. These four were at Belvide on the first date, w i th three on January 11 when three occurred at Blithfield. Single adults occurred at Elford on January 22, Doxey on January 25, Belvide from January 25 to 27 and Tamworth from January 29 to March 14. Seven at Croxall from January 27, increasing to eight by February 6 and staying until March 4, when theyf lewtoWhi temoorHaye, remaining until March 15. Eight adults at Westport on November 21 and five f lew north there the next day when one was also at Doxey. Four at Elford on December 2. Two were present at Blithfield on December 6 and 13 and three at Alrewas on December 18 and 27.

1/1/ Mid Sandwell Valley held three adults briefly on January 3, wi th a herd of 50 birds overhead on March 6, flying from the south west, possibly Slimbridge birds heading north? Bartley held two adults on October 28.

Whooper Swan Warks Two immatures at Brandon on February 26 WC. Worcs Two immatures at Bittell on November 23 KGC. Staffs Six at Tittesworth on January 18 PGB, NC, DG. On January 30, two

occurred at Belvide GMHand one at Blithfield CCO. Two at Blithfield on October 25 JD and six on December 6 MJE. One at Belvide on December 25 SAR.

W Mid An adult from January 15 to March 9 in the Sandwell Valley RD, PMH.

Wild swans were recorded as follows Warks Two, probably Whooper, f lew over Kenilworth on November 2 PFA. W Mid One, over Edgbaston on December 10, was thought to be a Bewick's.

81

Bean Goose Staffs Three adults at Belvide on December 13 TJB were accompanied by one

Pink-footed Goose. They fed in nearby fields until the year's end DS. This is probably the first record for the county. Four geese seen standing on the ice, one showing pink legs and a pink and black bill, was noticeably smaller than the other three, which had orange-yellow legs and orange black-tipped bills, similar in pattern to the Pink-foot. The Bean Geese lacked the Pink-foot's blue-grey background colour on the mantle and coverts.

Pink-footed Goose

Unprecedented and record numbers in Staffs in January were not reflected elsewhere, strangely.

Warks Wi ld birds were present at Kingsbury on January 17 (three) ARD and February 7 (two) AC. Al l other records were thought to involve feral birds. Two at Alvecote from February 13 to 21 moved to Kingsbury from February 22 ARD to May 7 TMH. One at Brandon from Apri l 21 to 30 WC. Further singles were at Coton on November 15 JAA and Alvecote on November 27 GAA. MAA. RJT.

Worcs An adult at Bredon's Hardwick from October 17 to December 5 is likely to be the same individual recorded there in 1985 and 1986 and is probably feral SJH, SMW.

82

Staffs On January 14, 180 f lew north-west over Westport WJL and a noisy party were heard near Stanley Pool on January 16perFCG. On January 17,100 f lew over Trentham EWL and 150 passed over Burntwood PJW. At Blithfield, 270 were present on January 17 GE increasing to 361 the next day JCE-D. WJL. 10 were counted on January 23 MDJ. ICW. over 60 on 2AARMB, two on 25 PDH wi th a sick or injured bird staying until March 16 PDH, WJL et at. 18 were at Hammerwich on January 19 and 20 RH, a record 450 at Clifton Campville on January 20 JC E-D. 150 over Chasewater on January 21 were almost certainly this species GW and three at Sandyford on January 23 DG. 86 over Tit tesworth on November 14 and three at Rudyard the same day PGB. One at Belvide on November 29 and throughout December attached itself to a group of three Bean G e e s e p e r S J .

Lesser Whi te- f ronted Goose Warks A feral bird was present at Kingsbury on most dates from May 17 to

August 23 JLA. SLC. SMH. AK.

White- f ronted Goose Unfortunately, many records for this species could not be included due to lack of descriptions.

Worcs An immature at Bredon on January 26 SMW moved to Wyre Piddle on February 1 REH, MJI. An adult was at Ar row Valley Lake from December 23 to the end of the year RFEB. A skein of 76 birds f lew over Bredon on December 30 NJM.

Staffs Seven at Blithfield on January 18 JC E-D and 12 on January 28 GMH. Two at Tittesworth f rom December 6 to the year's end PGB et at, 17 at Blithfield on December 6 MJI and nine on December 13 GIG. PDH.

Greylag Goose Warks Numbers in the Kingsbury and Ladywalk areas were down on previous

years, wi th a maximum of 38 at Kingsbury on October 25. Unrecorded numbers, often wi th Canadas, were also noted at Packington. 30, part of the same flock, were seen at The Somers on Ju ly 2 and Alvecote held up to four throughout the year.

Worcs At Larford, one was seen on several dates in January and February. Five were present there from Apri l 13 to 16, w i th two remaining on Apri l 23. Two at Bredon's Hardwick on February 28 wi th seven at Ar row Valley Lake on March 19. Three at Grimley on April 11, one remaining until Apri l 15. One at Upton Warren on October 1.

Staffs Two at Blithfield from January 27 to April 2 and one, erratically, until May 1. At Belvide, singles on February 7 and April 20, two on May 1 and three on October 5. At Doxey, two on February 8 and March 1 and a single on Apri l 10. One at Clay Mills on January 18 and five on February

83

8. Five f lew north over Burton upon Trent on September 23 and one at Croxall on September 26. One at Tittesworth on September 20 and two on December 20.

W Mid A single in the Sandwell Valley from late February unti l mid-April, w i th another on August 9. Last year's hybrid was present all year. Sheepwash U.P. played host to a single from January 25 to 27.

S n o w Goose Warks A single was seen frequently at Kingsbury in May. Worcs A whi te phase bird was at Upton Warren on Apri l 28. The next day,

almost certainly the same bird was noted at Larford, Westwood and Wilden.

Staffs A blue-phase at Belvide f rom January 2 to 4 and on February 23. An adult at Gailey on January 25 and three f lew west over Branston the next day. Three at Belvide on May 18 and four there on September 24 and October 5 included one blue-phase. One at Aqualate on October 22 and November 18. One at Rudyard on December 25 was also at Tittesworth on 26 and 27.

Al l these records are suspected to be of feral birds.

Canada Goose Although counts were variable, the impression is of a steady increase in numbers and in some areas it is now a serious pest of agricultural crops and golf courses. For a fairly sedentary species, the spring and summer fall in numbers is interesting and presumably reflects a dispersal of breeding pairs to smaller waters. Monthly maxima at principal waters:

J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

Alvecote 164 166 92 19 20 17 15 36 42 105 191 166 Brandon — 69 66 — — — — — 58 59 87 37 Chesterton — — — — — — — — 352 140 81 38 Kingsbury 400 226 130 73 54 — — 300 — 136 127 183 Ladywalk — 26 — 23 35 — — — 120 — — —

Blttell 260 55 26 325 230 347 86 47 Bredon'a Ha/dwlck 160 68 22 26 23 15 54 110 28 222 302 200 Larford BO 155 61 8 2 — 9 49 8 — 37 25 Upton Warren — 26 29 37 30 21 36 70 23 160 40 75 Westwood 180 — — — — — 20 X 280 — 175 35

Aqualate 190 149 134 70 103 76 200 175 139 BeMde 60 90 51 22 33 56 66 11 84 36 82 103 Blithfield 420 514 82 6 8 19 20 394 355 382 550 830 Doiey 141 107 46 35 28 26 49 15 108 76 213 42 TMesworth 92 — — — — — — — — 60 52 125

Sandwell Valley 310 215 70 69 50 50 150 260 220 211 156 300

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Warks Breeding was only reported from Alvecote, Kingsbury, Ladywalk (10 pairs) and The Somers. Other noteworthy numbers were recorded at Bishops Bowl Lake (450) and Seeswood Pool (100). 26 at Draycote between January 18 and 24 was said to be unusual.

Worcs 24 pairs nested at Arrow Valley Lake but only 46 young were hatched from 150 eggs. 35 young were raised at Upton Warren, whi le there were two broods at Pirton. Also nested at Bredon's Hardwick. 230 at Grimley on January 3 included one small dark bird. Up to 13 small dark birds visited Larford during the year wi th another at Westwood on January 24. 274 at Beckford on October 10 and good numbers also recorded from Pirton and Wyre Piddle.

Staffs Bred at many localities and their ever increasing numbers reflected in record counts at Chasewater (85 on December 27), Mil l Green (56 on November 13), Rickerscote (179 on August 27) and Branston Golf Course where a regional record 1100 were present on February 1. One at Blithfield in February and October resembled the race minima, one at Needwood on February 28 maxima and three at Hollybush on March 1 parvipes.

W Mid Breeding at Edgbaston Park, Sandwell Valley (12 pairs) Sutton Park (two pairs), Trifford Park (five pairs) and also a pair on a canal in central Birmingham. Also noted at Brierley Hill Pools, Park Lime Pits Sheepwash U P. Stubbers Green, Walsall Arboretum and Wil lenhall Sewage Farm.

Brent Goose The concentration of records suggests wild birds.

Warks 15 adults of the dark-bellied race bernicla were at Kingsbury on January 2AARD et al.

Worcs An immature dark-bellied form near Droitwich from January 27 to 28 JH.

Staffs A dark-bellied bird at Gailey on February 24 GE. A pale-bellied bird at Belvide on October 15 KA, RM. Probably a dark-bellied at Codsall on November 27 SN.

W Mid A bird of the dark-bellied race appeared in the Sandwell Valley on January 25 and was present to February 6 CT. This was the second record for the locality.

Barnacle Goose Interesting arrival of obviously wild birds between November 12 and 15. Aside from the main flocks of wi ld birds and the obviously feral birds, it is difficult to be confident either way in many cases.

Warks One at Draycote on January 24 and a party of nine there on October 3. One of these birds had a red ring. One at Alvecote, between February 24 and March 3, was probably the same bird seen at Kingsbury from March 28 to June 14. Two were present at this locality on November 14.

85

Worcs 67 remained at Bittell from January 1 to 28 when they moved out, fol lowing freezing conditions. Eight arrived back there on November 12 and the flock numbered 120 by November 15.114 were still present on December 12 but the number had dropped to 90 by the end of the year. Up to 3 frequented Bredon's Hardwick throughout the year and one individual had been ringed at Slimbridge in Gloucestershire in July 1984. Other records came from the River Severn at Bewdley on January 4 (one pair), Larford (one) between January 15 and February 7, Pirton (two pairs) on May 9, Beckford (three) on October 10, Upton Warren (one) on October 30 and at Westwood (one) on November 14.

Staffs The flock of 17 at Blithfield stayed until January 24 and the obvious feral bird unti l February 3. Two at Clay Mills on January 18, two pairs at Aqualate on April 26 and singles at Branston on August 13 and 22, at Belvide on September 6 and Blithfield on several datesfrom September 20 to November 5. On November 13, 53 f lew over Branston to the Drakelow reserve (Derbyshire). On November 12, two were at Blithfield wi th three next day staying until December 29. A Canada x Barnacle hybrid was at Blithfield in January, November and December.

W Mid A bird in the Sandwell Valley from January 8 unti l Apri l 28 was probably feral, but a flock of 46 wi ld birds f lew over on November 12 AW.

Egyptian Goose Warks An adult at Kingsbury on several dates from August 7 to September 28

and the same bird at Ladywalk on September 15. Staffs One at Hollybush Lake regularly from February 7 to Apri l 5 then

erratically to October 24. This individual became increasingly tame and was long known to the estate keeper. Singles noted at Blithfield on June 16, Borrowpit Lake on June 28, July 2 and 26 and Branston in August.

W Mid One at Sandwell Valley from September 26 to 28.

Ruddy Shelduck Presumed feral birds have occurred annually in the region since 1985.

Warks A female at Charlecote on April 21 ARD was the first county record since 1979.

Worcs A pair at Holt on January 10, and again on August 22. A female at Westwood from July 11 to December 10, visited Upton Warren on October 28 and Larford on November 3 and 5.

Shelduck The seasonal pattern is unusual. The spring peak is fairly normal but numbers in June and July are above average and there are very few records for the autumn and winter. Monthly maxima at principal sites:

J F M A M J J A s 0 N D

Alvecote 2 5 B 6 5 10 — 1 2 _ _ Brandon — 1 2 2 1 — — — — 1 — —

Draycote 4 — 1 — — — — — — — — 6 Kingsbury 1 11 11 14 25 20 15 1 5 4 7 2

Blttell 1 7 6 Bredon's Hardwlck — 1 — 4 — — — — — — — —

Lailord — — 1 — 2 4 — — — — — —

Upton Warren — — 2 1 1 — — 2 — — 1 —

Barton 2 2 4 4 1 Belvide 2 6 6 16 9 2 1 1 — — — —

Blithlleld B 6 5 9 2 — — 2 — — 1 1 Branston — 4 2 5 18 12 8 — — — —

Chasewater 1 4 1 — 6 Clay Mills — — — 11 6 — — — — — — —

Dosthlll — — 6 7 9 Elford — — 3 3 2 — 3 — 1 — 3 —

Warks Two pairs were successful at Kingsbury. Singles, unless stated, were seen at Ladywalk (three), Middleton (four), Seeswood and The Somers (two).

Worcs One at Westwood on February 7 and five f lew over Holt the next day. A male was at Kempsey on April 19.

Staffs Bred at Branston, where five adults and 13 ducklings were present on June 17; at Stretton, near Belvide and probably nested at Aqualate where 10 were present on Apri l 26. Also noted at Betley, Chillington, Doxey, Gailey and Trentham (five f lew over on October 18).

W Mid At Sandwell Valley, one on January 11, two on January 26 and four on May 3. Sheepwash U P. had five on January 24, two on 26 and singles on March 29 and May 27. One at Bartley on January 30 and three on February 11 and a single circled Brierley Hill Pools on March 25.

Mandarin Worcs A drake on a pond near Ribbesford on May 15 and a duck along the

Dowles Brook the next day. A male present at Twyford during the spring. At Upton Warren, an eclipse male was found on August 2, remaining elusive and being joined by two more on September 23. Six there on September 25, thereafter one to four being noted until October 27. Singles were seen again on November 27 and December 8.

Staffs Two drakes at Hazelslade on February 15, a duck at Blithfield on October 13 and three drakes near Codsall from December 7 to 21. A duck at Minster Pool, Lichfield formerly wing-clipped became free flying and was last seen in February.

W Mid A pair at Brierley Hill Pools on March 18 and a female at Sheepwash U.P. on August 17.

87

Wigeon Average August 22 (49) to May 5 (51) One at Wasperton unti l May 13 was the latest date, apart from a few stragglers which summered in the area. The first return date was August 26, at Belvide. Exceptional numbers again in the first winter period, particularly at Blithfield. Monthly maxima at principal sites:

J F M A M J J A s O N D

Alvecote 34 38 43 2 1 8 15 6 11 Coton/Klngsbuiy 2 31 75 1 — — — 2 18 75 58 —

Draycote 450 208 — 6 10 — 234 Ladywalk — 300 90 Shusloke 260 97 130 48

Blttell 30 1 8 17 Bredon's Hardwlck 1200 750 342 2 32 430 Laiford 13 3 1 2 11 Upton Warren 13 18 8 2 — — — 4 5 7 4

Aqualale 56 78 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 14 5 Belvide 80 69 60 8 2 0 1 3 8 18 20 53 Bllthlield 2150 2300 500 0 0 2 2 — 24 63 285 BOO Chasewater 31 29 7 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 2 Doxey 55 3 — 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 —

Tlttesworth 300 219 280 50 0 0 0 0 5 23 69 155 Westport 2 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 5

Sandwell Valley 57 38 28 2 0 0 0 0 0 15 27 47

Warks 800 on the Avon at Warwick on January 18 was the best total in the county since 1000 occurred at Draycote whilst the newly constructed reservoir fi l led during 1969/70 .

Worcs 700 f lew over the Mythe Bridge on January 31, w i th 24 at Wyre Mil l on January 2 6 , 1 6 at Grimley on February 7 and 35 at Ripple on March 2. Smaller numbers were reported from Beckford, Church Lench, Diglis, Pirton, Throckmorton, Westwood, Wilden and Wyre Piddle.

Staffs Other notable maximum counts were 257 at Clay Mil ls on February 3 and 75 at King's Standing on December 28. Also noted in smaller numbers at Calwich Lake, Elford, Rickerscote and Trentham.

W Mid Wintering numbers in the Sandwell Valley continue to increase wi th 57 on January 11. Smaller numbers were noted at Bartley, Brierley Hill Pools Coseley, Netherton and Sheepwash U.P.

American Wigeon Warks An adult drake, accompanied by a duck Eurasian Wigeon, at Wasperton

from May 9 to 14 ARDetal. This was the second county and Regional record.

Gadwall Monthly maxima at principal sites:

J F M A M J J A s 0 N D

Colon 13 6 6 e 2 2 14 IS 24 10 Draycote 6 3 3 — — — — — — — 5 14 Kingsbury 1 6 4 1 2 4 2 1 13 7 25 27 Ladywalk — 4 4 — — 1 — — 3 7 — —

Lailord 2 2 6 6 2 8 5 2 1 3 6 Pirlon — 23 6 — — — — — — — — —

Upton Warren — — — 2 2 — 1 5 6 5 5 —

Westwood 9 8 — 6 4 — 1 1 2 2 12 12

Barton 4 2 2 2 Belvide 2 — — 5 5 3 7 10 5 1 2 1 Blithlleld 2 3 2 Chasewaler — — — 2 — — — — — 2 — —

Elford — 1 2 2 — — — — , — — 21 16 Westport 6 3 2 3 4 9 4 7 9 9 9 9

Sandwell Valley 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 6 6

Warks

Worcs

Staffs

W Mid

Teal Numbers were again low in the first winter period but totals were better in the autumn and second winter period, possibly a reflection of a better breeding season. Monthly maxima at principal sites:

J F M A M J J A s O N D

Alvecote 60 70 82 4 20 150 125 125 160 Brandon 80 70 177 41 2 10 11 110 185 230 50 155 Coton/Mngabuiy 150 393 254 5 — — — — — 120 94 40 Draycote 79 — — 12 — — — — — — 63 200 Ladywalk 100 — — — 2 1 — — — — — —

Mlddleton — 6 10 12 15 15 55

Bittell 50 38 47 15 14 6 128 Bredon's Hardwick 160 2 42 — — — — — — — 2 8 Holt and Grlmley — 18 — 2 — — • — — 100 27 Larford 12 19 11

Bred in the Kingsbury area, raising seven young. Also recorded at Brandon (six). Great Packington (two) and The Somers (three). A duck was seen wi th seven young at Larford on July 9, whi le at Upton Warren four young fledged from what was the first breeding record from that locality. Seven at Wilden on February 14 and four at Grimley on Apri l 15. Singles noted at Bittell, Bredon's Hardwick, Diglis and Wyre Piddle during the winter months. Bred at Belvide for the first t ime since 1970; from a brood of six on July 16, four fledged. Also bred at Westport where the pair almost certainly came from stock introduced at the National Garden Festival. Also noted at Aqualate, Branston, Chillington, Doxey and Hollybush Lake. The Sandwell Valley had a good run of records, wi th two males and four females from October 12 until the year's end.

89

J F M A M J J A s 0 N D

Upton Warren 85 70 35 20 2 5 30 60 90 112 167 Weetwood 12 — — — — — — 1 — — 12 5

Aqualale 20 53 24 5 1 2 23 Belvide 45 56 60 10 1 3 3 15 50 62 100 103 Bllthlleld 58 190 39 — 1 — — — 20 52 184 441 Elford — 60 113 4 — — — 27 19 12 20 25 Doxey 300 100 50 50 2 2 2 2 82 110 166 115

Clayhanger 34 31 6 20 34 38 65 Sandwell Valley 175 80 60 40 — 1 1 10 16 40 70 100 Sheepwash U.P. 19 21 21 10 — — — 5 1 1 9 21

Warks There were no breeding records this year. Worcs 30 on the River Avon at Pershore on January 24 and 13 at the Mythe

Bridge on January 26. 47 was the maximum at Ripple, on March 2. Small numbers also reported from British Camp Reservoir, Broadway and Worcester Sewage Farm.

Staffs 112 at Chasewater on January 31 and February 1 was a site record. Up to 60 at Burston and 80 at Dosthill, also at the start of the year. 150 at Calwich Lake on October 31 and 75 at Clay Mil ls in November. Also recorded at Betley, Branston, Byrkley Park, Chillington, Hollybush Lake, Rudyard, Tittesworth, Trentham, Westport and Wychnor.

W Mid Good numbers of wintering birds at Clayhanger, Sandwell Valley and Sheepwash U.P. Small numbers reported from Bartley, Netherton Reservoir, Stubbers Green, Sutton Park and Willenhall Sewage Farm.

Mallard Most areas reported an improved breeding season from 1986 and autumn numbers were also better. Monthly maxima at principal sites:

J F M A M J J A s 0 N D

Alvecote 160 125 40 50 95 120 77 525 500 250 84 275 Brandon — 100 40 — — — — 250 179 198 108 60 Chesterton 127 133 134 145 Draycote 235 155 100 128 395 Ladywalk 610 155 130 150 470 Middlelon 150 65 22 15 160 55 160 Shustoka 102 123 46 12 76 58 141

Bittell 150 50 50 20 50 120 300 200 20 140 Bredon's Hardwlck 43 42 — 16 30 — — 50 — 92 20 41 Larford 66 58 69 39 20 63 25 110 185 68 141 241 Upton Warren 163 88 31 B 88 110 70 420 431 150 210 254 Westwood 175 214 4 7 6 12 50 110 150 140 181 237

Aqualats 683 434 93 — — — — — 820 395 545 971 Belvide 670 520 110 — 220 — — 650 457 516 850 778 Bllthlield 698 733 90 — — — — — 87 323 857 1481 Chasewaler 182 126 — — — — — — 88 162 38 127 Doxey 250 100 20 20 21 45 45 20 396 220 274 97

90

J F M A M J J A S 0 N • Mill Green 80 68 45 11 15 27 40 48 44 108 82 80 Westport 141 88 81 — — 50 122 125 65 80 134

Sandwell Valley 251 205 77 50 40 40 40 80 70 159 125 98

Warks Bred in small numbers at Alvecote, Ladywalk, Packington and The Somers.

Worcs A good breeding season at Bittell, Bredon's Hardwick, Larford and Upton Warren where 100 plus young were counted in May. Other broods at Aston Mill, Church Lench, Mil l Pond, Throckmorton, Westwood (two) and Wilden (two). Other counts included 282 at Beckfordon January 3 1 , 6 0 at Lower Moor on November 28 and 115 at British Camp Reservoir on December 13.

Staffs 114 young were produced from 22 broods at Belvide and six broods were recorded at Trentham. Good numbers reported from Barton, Chill ington, Clay Mills, Copmere, Elford and Trentham but in insufficient detail to tabulate.

W Mid Breeding confirmed at Bournville (where young were seen to parachute down from a nest 40 ' up a tree), Edgbaston Reservoir, Park Lime Pits, Sandwell Valley, Stubbers Green, Sutton Park, Swanshurst Park, Walsall Arboretum, Wednesfield and Willenhall Memorial Park.

Pintail Average: September 2 (43) to April 19 (48). One at Upton Warren on the very late date of May 25. Returned first to Blithfield on August 11. Monthly maxima at selected waters:

J F M A M J J A S 0 N • Upton Warren 1 4 1 1

Belvlde 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 2 6 2 0 15 Blithfield — 2 3 0 0 0 0 1 — 18 — —

Four drakes at Kingsbury on January 10, a pair on various dates from February 28 to March 14, wi th a drake on 18. Three drakes and a duck at Alvecote on January 23. A pair at Brandon on March 10 and a drake on 17 and 25. At Ladywalk, a drake was regularly present from February 16 to Apri l 12. In autumn, two at Coton and one at Shustoke on September 27 were probably the birds present at Ladywalk that day. Four were present at the latter in early October. At Bredon's Hardwick, five were seen on January 1 and again on January 26. A duck at Mythe Bridge on January 31. A drake at Chasewater on January 24, two ducks and a drake at Clay Mil ls on February 1, wi th a drake still present on February 8, two drakes

Warks

Worcs

Staffs

91

at Doxey on February 8, a pair at Ravensdale on March 4 and a duck at Westport on November 15.

W Mid A female circled Forge Mill Pool in the Sandwell Valley on October 2.

Mallard x Pintail Hybrid Worcs Males wi th this apparent parentage were seen at Wilden in late

January and at Ripple on April 18.

Garganey Average April 2 (44) to September 27 (43) First noted just west of Chasewater on April 3 and seen finally at Brandon on September 25.

Warks At Kingsbury, a pair on May 1 and 21 and a drake on many dates from 2 to 20 wi th possibly the same male at Ladywalk on 3 and 7. An eclipse plumaged drake was present there f rom July 15 to September 20. At Brandon, a duck on August 11 and 12 and possibly another from September 22 to 25. A drake at Ladywalk on September 16.

Worcs A drake at Bredon's Hardwick on April 15. An eclipse male stayed at Upton Warren from August 20 to 28.

Staffs The only records were a pair just west of Chasewater on Apri l 3, a duck and two drakes on Apri l 7 at Belvide, wi th a single drake still present on April 9.

W Mid A male and a female were present at Clayhanger from Apri l 12 until at least April 20.

Shoveler Although numbers in the first winter period were upon last year due to the milder weather, generally it is becoming little more than an autumn passage bird, appears scarcer and numbers were again poor at its main stronghold of Belvide. No breeding records this year. Monthly maxima at selected sites:

J F M A M J J A s 0 N 0

Ah/ecote 3 7 5 16 90 8 2 41 Colon/King sbury 66 38 100 5 2 3 — £1 93 113 80 40 Ladywalk — 11 — 9 2 — — 2 — 140 — 30

P Irion g 10 3 Upton Warren 5 14 18 6 — — 1 12 12 70 10 11 Westwood 20 3 2 17 37 23

Aqualate 1 2 1 53 27 Belvlde 40 1 9 10 8 10 — 26 103 76 36 25 Bllthfleld — — 1 2 3 4 — — 4 38 29 4 Clay Mills — 4 2 10 2 —

EHord — 4 — 7 1 — — — — — — 2 Westport — — — 2 — — 2 2 — 7 1 —

Sandwell Valley 1 3 4 0 0 0 0 1 3 2 5 2

92

Warks Up to three were seen at Draycote, Earlswood and Middleton and nine at Bedworth Slough. 40 at Brandon on August 21 was considered noteworthy.

Worcs 11 at Grimley on January 3 and 14 at Wilden on October 4. Smaller numbers recorded at Ashmoor Common, Bredon's Hardwick, Larford and Ripple.

Staffs 10 at Chil l ington in November; otherwise no more than four at Betley, Branston, Chasewater, Croxall, Dosthill, Kettlebrook and Trentham.

W Mid Small numbers reported from Brierley Hill Pools, Clayhanger, Sheepwash U.P. and Sutton Park.

Red-crested Pochard Warks A drake at Draycote on March 28 PDH, MJI. A drake at Brandon on

September 8 AW and 9 WC. Three drakes at Coton from October 3 to 5 ARD et al, w i th two remaining from October 7 to 1 0 A R M B . presumably from the same party.

Pochard Continuing high numbers in the Coton area and higher numbers than last year in the autumn and second winter periods. Monthly maxima at principal sites:

J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

Alvecote 520 206 162 25 9 17 8 4 1 48 96 178 Coton/Klngsbury 2000 400 800 23 — — — — 80 620 1315 2050

Bittell 20 9 38 1 8 0 2 Brecon's Hartwlck 68 39 26 12 — — 3 — — 10 22 9 Lariord 98 242 102 11 1 1 1 1 2 35 114 108 Plrton — 100 50 — — — — — — 3 — 65 Upton Warren 156 55 46 5 1 — 12 14 9 38 58 9 Westwood 148 64 6 2 — — — — 9 45 56 100 Wilden 63 26 56 — — — 2 — — 44 33 80

Aqualate 74 56 4 1 Belvlde 40 62 51 23 11 30 56 82 47 55 229 171 Bllthfleld 112 78 13 3 2 17 50 41 78 193 172 312 Branston — — — — — — — — 20 50 70 90 Chasewater 3 45 32 1 26 18 23 Elford — 80 28 — — — 2 — 3 20 20 28 Gailey 2 32 28 — — — — — 15 36 — —

Weetpon 42 45 50 9 3 2 3 5 22 104 130 167

Sandwell Valley 75 46 43 4 0 0 0 4 8 46 100 70 Sheepwash U.P. 24 21 19 2 2 0 0 1 1 4 19 11

Warks Six broods at Alvecote totalled 24 young. Smaller numbers reported from Brandon (26), Draycote (65), Earlswood (35), Middleton and Packington (33).

Worcs Evidence of hard weather movements were shown, w i th 14 at Diglis on

93

January 22 ,10 flying west at Aston Mil l on January 25 ,68 on the River Avon at Bredon's Hardwick the next day and 49 on the River Severn at Mythe Bridge on January 31.

Staffs 50 at Clay Mil ls in February, 48 at Doxey in February and March. In December, influxes occurred at Tittesworth (57) and Trentham (101).

W Mid Maximum counts elsewhere include 50 at Bartley on February 4 and 37 at Brierley Hill Pools on February 15. Smaller numbers reported from Edgbaston Vale, Hydes Road Pool, Netherton Reservoir, Stubbers Green and Thimblemill Pool. A male at Park Lime Pits on October 3 was apparentley the first for the locality.

Tufted Duck Monthly maxima at principal sites:

J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

Ahrecote 211 153 137 76 33 21 29 11 23 42 95 125 Brandon — 62 72 — — — — — 12 44 25 10 Chesterton 15 74 35 5 Draycote 201 — — — — — — — — — 239 —

Klngsbury/Coton 1200 447 470 — 90 — 90 390 688 1260 1200 1050 Ladywalk 300 — — 10 25 — — — — — — —

Shustoke 550 84 35 12 124 87 175

Bittell 100 49 80 48 8 150 30 240 8 0 10 Bredon's Hardwick 35 44 40 24 22 16 9 23 12 23 24 20 Lariord 46 79 73 35 20 13 20 1 5 41 26 55 Pirton — 54 40 64 24 42 — 30 — 20 40 —

Upton Warren 19 18 6 30 14 4 13 7 4 5 6 0 Weetwood 30 20 10 10 7 4 5 5 7 8 28 64 Wllden — 50 24 27 — — 18 — 35 57 26 2

Aqualate 14 45 48 20 5 10 35 6 Belvide 4 125 180 130 190 100 240 440 190 160 272 150 Bltthlletd — 68 72 — 70 90 240 — 162 63 53 95 Branston — — — — — — — — 60 100 80 40 Chasewater 199 209 188 81 7 2 6 6 147 304 345 355 Elford — 182 59 — — — 20 — 13 53 63 150 Galley 167 66 106 — — — — — 10 66 — —

Westport 279 244 112 40 17 11 12 11 67 67 92 164

Brierley Hill Pools 35 37 36 29 5 7 46 50 68 Netherton 71 — — — — — — — — — — 83 Sandwell Valley 175 200 80 84 20 15 10 8 12 23 82 65 Sheepwash U.P. 21 13 17 38 59 25 0 0 20 10 14 10

Breeding pairs present at Alvecote (six), Kingsbury (14), Ladywalk (eight), and The Somers (two). Broods observed at Beckford, Bittell, Bredon's Hardwick (five), Larford (two). Lower Moor, Strensham, Throckmorton, Upton Warren, Westwood and Wilden (two). During the January freeze-up 30 were at Diglis on January 23 and 14 were at Mythe Bridge on January 31. Breeding reported from Barton (two broods), Belvide (13 broods totall ing 65 young), Betley, Blithfield (five broods totall ing 21 young).

Warks

Worcs

Staffs

W Mid

Warks

Worcs

Staffs

W Mid

Warks

Staffs

Branston (five pairs), Elford, Gailey (three broods), Garden Festival site at Stoke, Hollybush Lake and Trentham (six broods). Breeding at Bradnock's Marsh, at a private lake near Knowle (four pairs), Sandwell Valley (seven pairs), Sheepwash U.P. (three pairs), Sutton Park (three pairs) and West Smethwick Park. Small numbers outside the breeding season reported from Bartley, Edgbaston Vale, Walsall Arboretum and Willenhall Sewage Farm.

Scaup A particularly good year in the Region as a whole. Mostly favours the Coton and Lea Marston pools but occasionally wanders into Kingsbury Water Park. Up to three drakes in January and, a duck, f rom February 19 unti l March 20. In the second winter period, an adult drake, at first in eclipse plumage, was present from August 23 to November 22 wi th a further three (imm.male and two imm.females) f rom November 8 to December 6. Elsewhere, a single immature drake was at Draycote on January 10. A drake was on the River Severn at Diglis from January 17 to 23. An immature male stayed at Westwood from March 28 to April 29. A female at Upton Warren on October 25 was followed by one at Larford on October 28 and 29. Three immatures, one male and two females, at Wilden on November 26 w i th a pair remaining until November 29. Finally, a duck at Frankley Reservoir, also on November 29. An immature duck at Chasewater from January 3 to 10 and single ducks at Blithfield from January 24 to April 2, Westport on January 28, Belvide f rom March 19 to 30 and Apri l 8,9,16 and 21 and Copmere on March 29. A drake at Chasewater from February 5 to Apri l 14 and four at Westport on June 8. An immature duck at Blithfield on October 2, five on November 15, two on 17, four from December 15 to 27 and an immature drake on December 29. One at Belvide on October 22 and up to four immatures at Tittesworth from November 20 to December 25, wi th three of the same at Rudyard on December 20. An immature at Rudyard on November 7. A female at Bartley on January 29 and an immature male and two females there on November 15 and 16.

Aythya hybrids A duck Pochardx Tufted at Lea Marston on January 3. A duck Scaup x Tufted at Coton from Apri l 18 to 22 and a drake Tufted x Pochard at Kingsbury on November 28 and Coton on December 5 allARD. Single Scaup types at Tittesworth on January 31 and at Elford on December 19 to 26 showed short tufts on head and subtle anomalies in plumage and bill pattern. The Pochard x Ferruginous hybrid again occurred at Belvide in January, March and on November 7. A Tuftedx Pochard hybrid was at Belvide on April 9.

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W Mid A Pochard x Tufted hybrid was present at Sheepwash U.P. on April 8, April 12, June 9,22 and July 2. The Sandwell Valley had what was probably the same bird on various dates during the first winter period.

1985 Addendum Worcs A female/ immature Pochard x Ferruginous Duck was at Worcester

River Bridge on February 18 and 19.

Lesser Scaup Staffs/ An immature drake at Chasewater from March 8 to April 26 GE, JJH, W Mid JEF, et al has been accepted by British Birds Rarities Committee. If

accepted by the B.O.U. as a wi ld bird, it wi l l constitute the first record of this abundant North American species for the Western Palearctic (a description wi l l be printed when accepted by the B.O.U.)

Long-tailed Duck Staffs A duck at Tittesworth from December 12 to 19 and 21 to 31 PGB spent

December 20 at Rudyard PGB, NC, JPM. An immature duck was present at Chasewater on December 26 and 27 ARMB. KRS, NRS.

Common Scoter A small passage in late January but nothing to match the extraordinary movement last July.

Warks In the Kingsbury area, 16 were present on April 4, reducing to 12 the fol lowing day. Later in the year, a drake at Draycote on July 18 and August 23 was followed by a single duck from November 14 until December 13, wi th two present on December 2. The only record of the year from Shustoke involved a duck from November 9 to 15. An undated record received concerned a bird found dead below wires at Whitestone Golf Course, Nuneaton.

Worcs One at Mythe Bridge on January 26, a pair at Shatterford on April 5 and single drakes at Bittell on April 25 and June 24.

Staffs A drake at Blithfield on January 25 and 13 drakes and six ducks on January 27. A drake at Chasewater on February 15. Four drakes at Blithfield on July 10 and a pair at Chillington on July 19. A drake at Chasewater on November 21 and a duck at Tittesworth on December 6. No records from Belvide this year.

W Mid Bartley had the only record this year, w i th a female present on October 16 and 17.

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Goldeneye Average: September 20 (47) to May 7 (45) Last seen at Kingsbury on May 9. A very early bird at Westwood on July 25 but the main return occurred in mid-October. Good numbers in the first winter period but relatively low in the second, probably linked to the mild autumn weather. Monthly maxima at principal sites:

J F M A M J J A s 0 N D

Draycote 92 64 70 30 8 53 90 Kingsbury SO 35 36 15 6 16 20 Shustoke 15 4 1 — 4 30

Bittell 11 8 11 3 4 2 Bredon's Haidwlck 3 — 2 — 2 0 Lariord 0 2 0 — 3 3 Pirton — 1 1 — 1 — 3 Weetwood 3 1 0 — — — 1 1 I — — 1 2

Belvide 24 77 100 92 0 0 0 0 0 9 30 29 Blithlield 35 70 40 5 1 0 0 0 0 1 21 24 Branston 60 52 52 — 0 0 0 0 0 — — 36 Chasewater B2 98 99 76 0 0 0 0 0 5 53 102 Waslport 7 10 10 8 1 0 0 0 0 2 9 8

Bartley 13 13 0 4 1 4 7

Warks Smaller numbers were seen at Alvecote, Brandon, Earlswood and Ladywalk. Once again, a drake summered at Kingsbury.

Worcs Small numbers reported from Arrow Valley Lake, Bredon, Diglis, Evesham, Lower Moor, Mythe Bridge, Norgrove Court, Spetchley Park, Upton Warren and Wilden. Eight at Frankley Reservoir on November 29.

Staffs Also noted in smaller numbers at Aqualate, Betley, Clay Mills, Dosthill, Doxey, Elford, Gailey, Rudyard and Tittesworth.

W Mid Bartley again proved to be the best locality for this species. Sandwell Valley had singles on January 16, February 22 to March 22, November 4,6 and 11, wi th good count of five on November 21 and two on 27. Netherton held a single from January 12 to 25.

Red-breasted Merganser With upto 15 birds, this represents a good year wi th a reasonable spread of records.

Warks Adult drakes occurred at Draycote on January 17 WC and December 2 GIG. Redheads were noted at Lea Marston on October 3 ARD, MJI, DIL and 4 GIG and at Kingsbury from November 30 GMH to December 6 GIG. PDH, BLK.

Worcs A pair was at Diglis on at least January 18 A W, SMW. Staffs Single redheads at Belvide on February 10 KA. Blithfield from May 5 to

16 JC E-D et al, Rudyard on November 14 PGB, Chasewater on November 23 ARMB and Westport from December 29 to 31 JPM et al.

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An immature drake occurred at Westport from November 12 to 15 NC, DWEet ai

W Mid A redhead at Netherton Reservoir from January 15 to 30ICW and two at Bartley on February 10 SCW.

Goosander Average: October 26 (42) to April 17 (39) Present at Blithfield and Ladywalk until Apri l 12, wi th the first return noted at Blithfield on October 20. Monthly maxima at principal sites:

J F M A M J J A S O N O

Draycote 12 9 4 1 — — — — — — 1 5 Kingsbury 3 4 8 3 — — — — — — 1 1 Ladywalk 5 14 12 3 — — — — — — — 8 Shustoke 1 14 10 — — — — — — — — 6

Bittell 2 3 — — — — — — — — 1 2 Lower Avon 1 — 2 — — — — — — — 1 — Upton Warren — 6 2 — — — — — — — 3 1

Belvide 6 9 15 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 Blithlleld 78 60 61 32 0 0 0 0 0 3 19 42 Doxey 7 2 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 — — —

Seems to be on the increase w i th larger numbers than usual in the Tame Valley. Elsewhere, three at Alvecote and a single at Brandon in December. Three f lew down river at Mythe Bridge on January 20, wi th five there the next day. A duck at Larford on February 4, followed by another on December 1 and 2. A drake near Hanbury on February 16 and a duck at Arrow Valley Park from November 27 to 29. 12 at Westport f rom 1986 stayed until the water froze on January 7. Smaller numbers at Aqualate, Chasewater, Chillington, Clay Mills, Colwich, Dosthill, Gailey, Hollybush Lake, Knypersley, Rudyard and Tittesworth. As usual birds showed a marked reluctance to land. Bartley produced a male on February 14 and another circled Brierley Hill Pools on January 25 and February 24. Sandwell Valley had three redheads on January 13, w i th another four on January 14 and a single bird on February 2; all f lew overhead.

S m e w Another good year, wi th Draycote again proving the best and most regular haunt.

Warks Redheaded birds occurred at Draycote as follows:

Warks

Worcs

Staffs

W Mid

Date Number Observer

January 1 1 REH 10 5+1 drake PDH 11 7+1 " WC 12 to 18 5+1 " WC 19 to 23 4 WC 24 5 REH 25 to 31 4 REH

February 1 to 21 4 REH

March 5 1 WC 10 2 WC 14 6 PDH 15 4 SN 28 1 MJI

April 5 2 GIG

December 2 2 GIG 3 3 GIG 5 to 12 4 PDH 13 5 REH

Elsewhere, a redhead at Shustoke on January 18 SLC. ARD. SMH and 24 ARD was thought to be the bird seen at Ladywalkfrom February 11 to March 8 SMH. BLK et at.

Worcs Four redheads at Bittell on January 4 KGC. An immature male on the River Severn at Grimley on January 21 PGG and another at Wilden on February 8 REH, DJS.

Staffs Redheads were recorded at Chasewater on January 24 ARMB. GE, GMH, Clay Mil ls on February 1 CC. two near Codsall f rom February 8 to 1 4 K A and two at Croxall on February 25 KRS, NRS. A pair wandered to Branston f rom Drakelow (Derbys) on several occasions between December 17 and 31 TC. A redhead at Trentham on December 19 and 20 EWL.

W Mid A drake at Bartley on January 11 MDJ.

Ruddy Duck The December count at Blithfield would appear to be the highest ever recorded in the Region (and possibly in the country?). The species clearly continues to expand. Monthly maxima at principal sites:

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J F M A M J J A s 0 N D

Alvecote 1 4 5 14 15 9 6 2 7 3 1 Draycote 45 10 3 — — — — — — — 1 4 Kingsbury/Coton 7 4 1 2 1 1 — 3 1 19 7 64

Bittell 1 3 1 2 4 3 Larford 1 6 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 Pirton — — 4 14 13 13 — — 10 13 — —

Uplon Warren 0 1 1 17 13 7 14 11 5 1 2 0 Westwood 0 0 — 3 1 0 0 0 3 0 3 1

Belvide 6 33 42 50 49 8 24 116 197 195 102 37 Blllhlleld 520 260 261 110 7 2 12 72 250 448 805 855

Warks Bred at Alvecote, where two broods of six were seen; M iddleton, a brood of two and Packington, one pair at least. Also occurred at the following sites wi th maxima in brackets: Bedworth Slough (five), Brandon (six), Earlswood (two), Middleton (10), Seeswood (14), Shustoke (two) and The Somers (two).

Worcs Broods were seen at Church Lench, Oakley and Upton Warren (two). At Wilden there were up to four drakes in Apri l but none after. Two were at Mythe Bridge on January 21 and two were at Bredon's Hardwick on February 1.

Staffs Apart from 15 at Betley on Apri l 5 nowhere, away from Belvide and Blithfield, held maxima of more than seven. Numbers were down at Belvide but a record concentration was at Blithfield late in the year. Breeding season records from Amington, Aqualate, Betley, Doxey, Elford, Gailey, Hollybush Lake, Mill Green, Offley Mil l Pool, Rudyard, Shugborough, Trentham and Westport. Other records from Barton, Branston, Chasewater, Clay Mills, Kettlebrook and Tittesworth.

W Mid Becoming more regular in the Sandwell Valley and now recorded in most months; a pair also bred but unfortunately the three chicks did not survive. Small numbers recorded at Bartley, Brierley Hill Pools, Edgbaston Park Pool, Grove Pool, St. Margarets Lake and Stubbers Green.

Honey Buzzard The first since 1966 and only the sixth this century.

Worcs One drifted over Hartlebury on September 25 IRM.

Red Kite Worcs 1979 Addendum

One f lew over Eckington on November 15 PFW.

Marsh Harrier It seems likely that the Oakley/Kingsbury/Dosthi l l records refer to the same bird.

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Warks At Brandon, a female/ immature on April 27 and a female on August 27 WC. On May 25, an immature male was seen at Kingsbury MJI and also at Ladywalk BLK.

Worcs An immature male roosted overnight at Oakley on May 23 and departed the fol lowing morning REH, GJM, SMW.

Staffs One at Dosthill on May 25 FCG and an immature female at Blithfield on August 16 MJE. JC E-D. PDH.

J986 Addendum Warks A female at Ladywalk on May 18 BLK was also seen at Coton SLC.

Hen Harrier After a number of poor years, this was the best year since 1981.

Worcs A n immature male was present at Westwood from January 31 to February 4 REH, MJI, WD. A pair was seen flying together near Mythe Bridge on April 25 SJH.

Staffs A male in the Sherbrook Valley on January 15,18 and 19 GE. A ringtail occurred at Belvide from September 6 to 20 JKH, KRS eta!and a female was found 'just alive' at Barlaston Downs on October 28 BC.

W Mid A male spent a few days in the Sandwell Valley from November 15 to 18 SGH. SL.

Montagu 's Harrier Warks A ringtail was seen briefly quartering a field, at Seckington on May 31,

before departing high to the north AM. DJM. This was the sixteenth record for the region and the first county record since April 1953.

Goshawk A n injured male found at Shustoke was thought to have been an escaped falconer's bird which had been hit by shotgun pellets. Birds were seen at two localities in the west of the county. Reported from two areas in the breeding season. One at Newborough on November 15 DIMW.

A pair bred in the county for the first time, rearing at least one young.

Sparrowhawk Totals wel l down on last year's but no real reports of decline, reflecting perhaps, improved status and therefore under-recording.

Warks Seen at 15 widely scattered localities in the breeding season with confirmed breeding at Brandon, Earlswood, Ladywalk, Packington, and The Somers. At Ladywalk, a male took a Green Woodpecker on December 21.

Worcs Bred at two sites on the Malverns and at Upton Warren. Elsewhere recorded at 13 sites in the breeding season and at a further 20 sites out of it.

Warks

Worcs Staffs

W Mid

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Staffs Breeding season reports from 21 well distributed sites wi th further records from another 14 localities. Noted taking advantage of roosting Swallows, Starlings and Reed Buntings at Betley and a female created havoc amongst Fieldfares collecting to roost at Chasewater in December.

W Mid Breeding reported from Bournville, Sandwell Valley, Sutton Park and Wil lenhall and, without doubt, breeds more commonly than reported. Many records from suburban gardens, wi th birds seen regularly in the centres of Birmingham (upto three together), Walsall and West Bromwich, frequently predating on roosting Starlings.

Buzzard Fewer records this year, in all respects.

Warks One at Bidford on February 7. One at Kingley on July 15 and what could have been the same bird at Earlswood on 18.

Worcs Reported from seven areas during the breeding season. Non-breeding season records from Bredon's Hardwick, Church Lench, Lower Moor, Madresfield, Martley, North Hill, North Malvern, Ripple, Sedgeberrow, Upton Warren and Weatheroak Hill.

Staffs Reported from 14 localities, mainly in the western half of the county. One pair bred, wi th another pair present in the same area. Pairs present at two other sites but no breeding reported. One at Clayton on January 16 and Blithfield on February 21. Passage birds noted in Apri l at Beech, Blithfield and Jackson's Coppice. One at Hammerwich on May 4. Two f lew over Doxey on June 8, whi lst in August singles were noted at Chasetown, Chasewater, Elford, Hixon and Tixall. One at Doxey on October 29 and November 14.

W Mid Singles at Sandwell Valley on January 18 and 19, and again on August 19. One at Barrowhil l on Apri l 14. Two over Solihull on Apri l 21 and a single on August 3.

Osprey Reduced entry due to inadequate record submission.

Warks One, briefly, at Brandon on Apri l 23 WC and one at Ladywalk on September 16 BLK.

Staffs One at Blithfield on April 5 MJE and April 17 MDJ, ICW. at Tittesworth on August 23 DG and one f lew north-west along the Trent between Salt and Sandon on August 29 SKW.

Kestrel Undoubtedly under-recorded (cf Sparrowhawk).

Warks No change in breeding status reported from the Packington area, w i th four pairs. Other breeding season records from Arley, Brandon, Bentley, Kingsbury, Ladywalk, MaxstokeandTheSomers. Not recorded this year at Shrewley, where previously regular.

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Worcs Bred at Bittell, Larford; North Quarry and Upton Warren. Six together on North Hill on September 17. Still fairly widespread.

Staffs Breeding season records from only 10 localities, but including that of a melanistic bird at Newcastle-under-Lyme on April 25 and May 2.

W Mid Commonly reported throughout the region wi th an apparently stable breeding population.

Merl in A good year w i th over 20 records, possibly more, but lack of descriptions excluded some.

Warks A female/ immature at Shrewley on January 10 HDa. At Draycote, a female on November 21, 28 REH and 29 ARD wi th a male at Kingsbury on the last date PDH. A female/ immature at The Somers on December 3 TW.

Worcs An increasing number of winter records. Females were at Holt on February 8 PGG and at Little Comberton on March 4 PFW. Males were at Ryall on March 8 MWCW and at Dunhampton on March 20 MAS. A female was at Bredon's Hardwick on October 22 SJH wi th males there on October 27 S/WI/l/and December 26 SJH. A female/ immature was at Throckmorton on December 5 REH, SMW. Males were also noted at Westwood on December 22 MV and at Upton Warren on December 29 MIW.

Staffs Males recorded at Elford on March 19 GRC, DA, BR, Swallow Moss on Apri l 5 PGB, Goldsitch Moss on May 6 ARMB, Gradbach on May 31 MJE, Chasewater on October 27 ARMB. Blithfield on November 3 JC E-D and Elford on December 6 BR. Females noted at Middle Hills on Apri l 12 DG and Brand Plantation on December 6 DG.

Hobby Average: April 25 (20) to October 1 (23) Noted at Upton Warren on the early date of April 4. The last date was September 23, wi th one at Kenilworth. Proves incredibly elusive during the early part of the breeding season.

Warks Breeding was not confirmed this year but possibly took place at two new sites in northern and central areas. In the Kingsbury and Ladywalk areas, up to two were seen on 17 dates from April 24 until August 29, wi th a concentration in May. On the last date, a bird feeding at dusk near Middleton perched in a tree to escape the mobbing of a medium-sized bat BLK. Other records involving mainly singles were received from Alvecote, Arley, Bedworth, Coleshill, Cubbington, Earlswood, Little Packington, Shawbury and The Somers (two). Eight records of singles were received from Brandon, where the autumn swallow roost proved tempting until the f inal record of the year on September 14.

Worcs Breeding pairs suspected at three different localities. Frequently noted at Upton Warren from Apri l 4 to late September when an adult and an immature were seen. Reported in the Bittell area from June 26 to

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September 10. Regularly seen in the Lower Avon Valley from April 22 to September 20. Mid-summer sightings at Castlemorton Common, Dunhampstead, Hartlebury, Holt and Oakley. Autumn only records from Broadway, Bordesley, Church Lench and North Hill. A male found in Samson Walk, Worcester on May 16 was ringed and released a few days later.

Staffs Nested in the north-west of the county. Noted on 30 dates at Belvide, 11 at Branston, four at Newborough and six at Chasewater, along wi th sightings at nearby Heath Hayes, Triangle and Norton Canes (three on August 28). Also recorded at Alrewas, Anslow, Barton, Cannock, Canwell, Chillington, Codsall, Coven, Doxey, Elford, Enville, Fairoak Pools, German Cemetery, Harlaston, King's Bromley, Kinver, Lichfield, Lord Nelson's Marsh, Middle Hills, Oakedge, Slade Heath, Stafford, Tittesworth, Tixall and Wychnor.

W Mid Spring records from Sandwell Valley on May 7 and 8, Sheepwash U.P. on May 15 (two), 16 and one later on July 21. Other summer and autumn records from Elmdon Park on July 18, over Solihull centre on July 31, at Sandwell Valley on August 4,5,12,25 and September 7,9 and 11. One was seen to catch nine dragonflies at Brierley Hill Pools on September 1. Other September records from the M 4 2 / M 6 junction (two different occasions) and the A45 near Bickenhill. One mobbed by a Kestrel in Birmingham, in the car park of Salter Springs and Pressings and later over Spenhane in late August.

Peregrine An exceptional year. A long-expected bird wintered in the Tame Valley. A female/ immature was first seen at Ladywalk on September 28 GMH. Subsequent records were from Ladywalk on October 22 BLK, Kingsbury on November 1 JVH and Coton on November 22 GIG. A different bird, thought to bean adult male, was seen at Kingsbury on November 15 JVH. Since the arrival of the breeding pair at Symond's Yat in Monmouthshire, records in the county have increased considerably. One over Wickhamford on May 3 MET. Immatures were noted at Upton Warren on August 8 JB, MB August 13 DAJ and September 3 JTB, SMW. Two females flew over Pirton Pool on October 4 TM. Another bird at Upton Warren on October 18 DAJ wi th an immature male at Bittell on November 1 TE. Males were again at Upton Warren on November 4 TW and November 22 JTB. Recorded at Meaford on January 31 JPM. One f lew over Westport one day in March WJL. An adult at Blithfield on July 19 JCE-D. PDH and an immature on August 22 PDH. An immature at Needwood on September 18 GNJ and at Belvide on September 2 SN. JW w i th two there the following day KA and an adult on October 21 KA. An immature carrying prey f lew over Sheepwash U.P. on August 11CW. A male at Brierley Hill Pools on August 25 TAP.

Warks

Worcs

Staffs

W Mid

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1986 Addendum. Worcs A male near St. Anne's Well on September 25 77.

Red Grouse Staffs Very little information received but it would seem numbers are low in

the Gun Hill and Back Forest areas of the moors.

Black Grouse It would appear that the number of birds continues to decline.

Staffs At the main lek, up to nine were noted during the spring, when birds were seen to be apprehensive of military helicopter operations. Al though autumn, evening lekking is usually thought to be rare, it was noted as 'vigorous' in September in good weather PGB. A survey in November produced nine cocks and six hens. Up to two birds noted at two or three other sites.

Red-legged Partridge Warks Considerably more widespread than Grey Partridge but only reported

from ten localities. The largest coveys were 12 at Bodymoor Heath and Kingsbury.

Worcs Reported from 15 localities but the only coveys of more than 10 birds were those of 15 at Oakley in October and 12 at Alvechurch in December. Two Red-leg x Chukar hybrids were seen at Washford on April 19 RFEB.

Staffs Recorded from only eight localities. 17 at Hanchurch in January and 12 at Branston, 17 at Drayton Bassett and 10 at Madeley and Shenstone towards the year's end.

W Mid At least one pair bred in the Sandwell Valley w i th two pairs at Sheepwash U.P. Probable breeding reported from Clayhanger and Meriden. Also recorded at Brierley Hill Pools and a traffic island in Smethwickl

Grey Partridge The comments noted for Warks seem to be mirrored elsewhere.

Warks Only four record slips received and it appears that a general decline, rather than under-reporting, is responsible. At Alvecote, very small numbers seen occasionally and breeding limited to one or two pairs. At Kingsbury, a covey of six in January was the only group record. Elsewhere, ones and two reported from Arley, Bentley, Maxstoke, Meriden, Packington and Shawbury, w i th possible breeding at Meriden.

Worcs The only sizable first winter covey was 10 at Throckmorton in January. Later on, 20 were seen at Weatheroak Hill in August and 14 at Larford in December.

Staffs Most of the records came from the north of the county. 14 at Sandyford

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in January and 12 at Fenton in October were the largest coveys reported.

W Mid Possible breeding at Aldridge, Bentley, Clayhanger, Park Lime Pits, Sandwell Valley, Stubbers Green and Wall Heath. Three noted on a football pitch at Alumwel l School, Walsall.

Quail A particularly good year for the region reflecting the national picture as a whole.

Warks Records from three localities and confirmed breeding. At Ettington, on August 29 an adult female and six or seven juveniles were seen briefly as they crossed a road ARMB. At least four called between May 25 and August 11 at a site on private land near Nuneaton DJK. A single was heard once only at Kenilworth on July 6 PFA.

Worcs Birds heard calling as follows: one between May 24 and 31 REH, MJI. GJM and again on July 4 MDJ, at Larford; one at Dunhampstead on May 27 CM, PER; up to three at Broome between June 18 and August 23 PGG, TMH; one in the Malvern area between July 3 and August 12 DP; another at Upton Warren on July 4 and 5 MJI, GJM and one at Wood Green on August 17 MDJ.

Staffs One heard call ing from barley at Chasewater on June 3 later f lew low over the south-shore grassland GE. One called in fl ight over Pattingham one night in late June PKD and at least four called from a nearby site f rom July 13 to August 10 JKH. Singles called at Fradley on July 9 FCG and High Off ley on July 13 DWE. Probably two pairs and a single male at Needwood from July 26 to August ~\6DIMW. One seen near Alrewason August 11 SKW.

Pheasant Warks Very common in the Packington area and on the neighbouring estates

where they are bred for autumn release. These birds spread into adjoining areas, wi th many taking sanctuary in the Tame Valley reserves.

Worcs Remains widespread and common throughout much of the county. Staffs 10 at Belvide in October and 59 at Coven in November were the only

records of note. W Mid Bred in Sutton Park, from which came the bulk of the records. The only

other report was of a cock bird at Park Lime Pits on March 4, a first for the locality.

Water Rail Warks Seen at Alvecote, Brandon, Draycote, Kingsbury, Ladywalk (three), and

Whitacre Heath (two) in both winter periods. One at Ladywalk on May 4 was the only breeding season record.

Worcs A pair successfully reared two young at Upton Warren, wi th birds also noted at Bittell and Paper Mil l Pool during the breeding season. In the

106

first winter period reported as follows. Beoley Mil l Pool (one), Bittell (two), Larford (one), Upton Warren (up to four where a bird was seen to kill a female Brambling on February 8), Westwood (up to three) and Wilden (at least one). In autumn, recorded at Bittell, Castlemorton Common, Lower Moor, Upton Warren (eight on November 11) and Westwood (four in November).

Staffs Recorded in the breeding season at Aqualate, Chasewater, Cheddleton, Doxey (two or three pairs said to have bred) and Mil l Green. Other records from Baggeridge, Belvide, Betley (three in December), Elford and Needwood.

W Mid Sandwell Valley held birds throughout both winter periods, apart from in the severest weather, w i th four calling in November. Singles at Brierley Hill Pools on January 17 to 20, November 6 and throughout December, wi th a maximum of four on 8. One heard at Lindridge Pool, Sutton Coldfield, in September, and one at Sheepwash U.P. most of the winter periods, wi th up to four in December.

Spot ted Crake

W Mid One in the Sandwell Valley from September 28 to at least October 9 was a first for the locality TCH, AJK, JEF. JWM.

107

Corncrake 1970 Addendum

Worcs A pair at Little Comberton remained between late Apri l and July but it is thought that they did not breed successfully PFW.

Moorhen Higher water levels led to improved breeding success and autumn totals.

Warks Widespread in a wide variety of waterside habitats. Five pairs bred at both Alvecote and The Somers.

Worcs Maxima of 34 at Beckford in January and 50 at Upton Warren in October.

Staffs 16 nests at Mil l Green compared wi th nine last year. Higher water-levels at Belvide during the breeding season also produced greater success than in 1986.18 at Westport in October, up to 25 at Hollybush Lake in the autumn and 24 at Kettlebrook in December.

W Mid Breeding reported from Edgbaston Pool, Sandwell Valley (ten pairs) Sutton Park, West Smethwick Park and Willenhall.

Coot Good numbers in the latter half of the year due to high water levels and generally good breeding success. Monthly maxima at selected sites:

J F M A M J J A s O N D

Alvecote 130 202 124 60 60 85 145 210 340 430 225 210 Shustoke 13 9 6 — — — — — 9 38 105 110 The Somers 69 90 60 95 110

Bittell 100 40 20 260 22 Lariord 105 139 102 35 — — 36 20 15 4 9 20 Plrton — 70 70 — 30 69 — 138 100 182 — —

Belvide 400 280 210 230 1000 1150 684 240 303 Betley Mere — — — — — — — 204 92 188 152 51 Blithlield 249 275 272 — — — — — 129 130 307 206 Branston — — — — — — — ' — 140 200 200 504 Chasewater 460 277 107 101 — — 40 112 225 349 345 504 Elford — 93 133 — — — — 165 102 176 210 206 Gailey 588 235 191 — — — 180 — 377 223 — 250 Trentham — — — — — — — — 233 230 45 150 Westport 270 249 72 36 — 50 71 81 152 213 275 280

Sandwell Valley 218 200 55 30 30 30 30 88 100 183 180 235

Warks The only breeding information received was for Kingsbury wi th 10 pairs and Packington wi th three. Maxima of 350 at Draycote on January 24 and 800 at Coton on September 27.

Worcs Breeding success reported as being high at Bittell though rather poor at Larford.

Staffs Up to 40 young reared at Chasewater and about 20 pairs present at

108

Elford. Eight nests at Mi l l Green, twice last year's total. A partially leucistic bird at Branston on March 29.

W Mid Pairs bred at Brierley Hill Pools (six), private lakes near Knowle (one). Park Lime Pits (two). Plant's Brook Reservoirs (nine), Sandwell Valley (14), Stubbers Green (three), Sutton Park (three) and West Smethwick Park (one).

Oystercatcher The August count at Draycote is the second largest ever in the Region. A good spring passage but aside from the Warks totals, a poor return migration. Monthly maxima at selected sites:

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Colon/Wngsbury — — 6 1 1 — — B — - - — — Draycote — — — — 6 — — 14 1 — — —

Banon — — 2 4 4 4 — — _ _ _ _ Belvide — 1 2 2 — 1 1 1 1 — — — Bllthlleld 1 — 2 — 1 3 3 5 — — — — Branston — — — — 2 2 2 — — — — — Chasewater _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ Croxall — — — — 2 — — — — — — — Doxey — — — 2 — — — — — — — — Elford — 2 4 4 3 1 4 — — — — —

Other records came from Alvecote, wi th three on March 17; Brandon, four on March 25, and singles at Ladywalk, Great Packington and The Somers. A good series of spring records began w i th one at Upton Warren on February 12 and two there on March 1. On the same date, a single bird was seen at Larford, wi th another at Upton Warren on March 3. Two f lew over Strensham on Apri l 12 whi lst two at Bredon's Hardwick on Apri l 19 were both still present the following day, one of these remaining until April 22. One at Bittell on May 10 and a further singleton visited Larford on May 20. A poor return passage was represented by a lone bird at Upton Warren on July 11. Up to three pairs bred in the Tame and Trent Valleys. Three at Tittesworth on May 31 and one f lew over Shelton on July 18. Apart from five over Stretton on September 25 there were no records after August 26. Two at Bradnocks Marsh on April 6, and singles at Sheepwash U.P. on June 22 and August 1, and Sandwell Valley on August 5 and November 15.

Black-winged Sti l t The pair in Warks and Norfolk were part of a national spring influx.

Warks A pair at Alvecote from May 28 to June 4 was the first record for the county. During their stay, the birds were observed copulating but it is

Warks

Worcs

Staffs

W Mid

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thought that one or both had not reached breeding maturity many observers. This record, although undoubted, has not yet been submitted to British Birds Rarities Committee.

Staffs Two juveniles at Belvide from September 1 to 7 were almost certainly those raised in Norfolk, KRS, NRS. JKH et a I, by the first successful breeding pair in this country since 1945. Unmistakable wi th ridiculously long pink legs, elegant neck and thin, straight black bill. Both birds very similar. Mantle blackish brown wi th paler feather edges. Pale trailing edge to secondaries. Small head with dark crown, forehead and down to around eyes. Hindneck down to mantle and 'shoulders' greyer, suffused into white of neck.

Little Ringed Plover Average: March 22 (23) to October 2 (23) First seen on March 21 at Sheepwash U.P., w i th a steady passage from the end of March; last noted at Kingsbury on October 3 although most had left by mid-end of August. Half-monthly maxima at selected sites:

1 M

2 1 A

2 1 M

2 1 J

2 1 J

2 1 A

2 S

1 2 O

1 2

Alvecote Kingsbury area 3 4

2 10

1 10

1 10

2 7

1 e

3 16 32

1 12 S 1 —

Bredon's Hardwick Lartord Upton Warren

— 1 1 3

3 6 2

5 4 7

3 2 6

2 2 4

2 2 3

2 3

3 2 6

3 2 6

2 1 5 4 1 1

0thers(6) - 3 2 - 2 1 4 3 1 - 1 — 1

Belvide Blilhlleld Chasewater Doxey II

II

1 1 1

1 ro

3

1 2

4 1 2 2

4 2 2

3 3 3

0 6 5

12 2 3

7 9 4

2 4

2 5

2 —

Brierley Hill Pools Sandwell Valley Sheepwash U.P.

— 2 1 1

2 3

1 4 5

2 4 5

1 2 7

3 6

2 7

3 8

2 7

1 1 5

— — — 2 —

Warks One pair probably bred at Alvecote and in the Kingsbury area 12 pairs raised 25-30 young. Unsuccessful breeding attempts were made by single pairs at Ladywalk and The Somers. Passage birds were seen at Brandon, Earlswood, Seeswood (three) and Wasperton (four).

Worcs Single pairs bred at Bredon's Hardwick, Larford and Lower Moor whi lst a pair at Upton Warren was unsuccessful.

Staffs Breeding noted at Barton, Berry Hill, Blithfield, Branston, Chasewater and Elford, although heavy rains reduced breeding success considerably. Display was noted at Westport.

W Mid Three pairs bred at Sheepwash U.P. whi lst only one of the two pairs bred successfully in the Sandwell Valley. Suspected breeding at Clayhanger, Meriden, Netherton and Stubbers Green held a pair on April 19.

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Ringed Plover A better spring than autumn passage. Half-monthly maxima at selected localities:

M A M J J A S O 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

Kingsbury 1 2 3 9 SO 61 8 - 4 11 6 1 3 3 4 —

Upton Warren — 3 5 2 6 1 1 3 5 1 1 Others(5) 1 — — 4 1 — — — — — — 3 — 1 — —

Barton — 7 5 6 6 2 6 2 Belvlde — — — — S 1 — — 5 — 3 6 3 4 — —

Blithlleld — — — — 4 1 14 2 3 3 6 7 — — — —

Branston 3 — 1 5 1 1 1 1 Tmesworth — — — — 7 13

Warks First recorded at Kingsbury on February 9, wi th record numbers on spring passage. Two pairs were present in the breeding season, wi th one successfully raising three young. Other records were received from Alvecote, Draycote, Ladywalk - seven on May 23 and five on August 23 - Middleton, The Somers - one in February - and Wasperton.

Staffs One pair bred at Barton. Singles at Chasewater on January 11 and May 14 at Doxey on April 15 (two) and at Berry Hill on May 30. Late individuals at Betley Mere and Doxey on November 1.

W Mid Sandwell Valley had four on May 9 w i th singles May 2 to 5 and 15. Sheepwash U P. had singles from March 14 to 17 and May 17.

Worcs 1984 Addendum A pair raised young from a clutch of four at Bredon's Hardwick — the first breeding record in the county.

Dotterel Worcs 1984 Addendum

A trip of eight birds was seen on Bredon Hill on April 20 DJ.

Golden Plover Average: August 11 (40) to April 25 (41) Present at Kingsbury until April 23, wi th an early returning bird at Upton Warren on July 30. Monthly maxima at traditional and other sites:

J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

Alvecote/Dordon Church Lawlord Kingsbury area

550

250 100 — — —

— — 45 — — 18 — 400

120 450

1000 400 85

700

Bredon area Other sttee(5)

— 1 300 18 — — 3 2 — — 1

- 150 500 800 3 1 10 5

111

J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

Belvlde 3 10 — — — 1 4 3 2 Hlxon — — 150 — — — — — — 100 500 —

King's Bromley — 28 — 20 — — — — — 5 37 —

Needwood Airfield — 100 340 15 — 15

Warks Occasionally reported from Draycote, wi th a maximum there of 72 on November 28. A regular flock apparently exists near Hartshill but the only definite count was of 700 there on October 13.

Worcs Other notable flocks included 120 flying south over Guarlford on January 10, wi th 40 over Bittell on the same day, 20 at Besford in February and 44 at Ripple in March.

Staffs One pair present on the moors but no breeding was proven. Peak counts of note were 159 at Fradley on Apri l 21 ,105 at Sideway, Stoke on Trent, on November 21 and 550 on the newly reclaimed opencast site at Kingswood.

W Mid Park Lime Pits had 150 on January 10 and small numbers also in the Sandwell Valley in February, March and August.

Grey Plover Small movement concentrated between May 9 and 13, wi th other records well scattered.

Warks One at Wasperton on May 11 was followed by one at Kingsbury two days later. One also present at the latter locality on November 14.

Worcs One f lew to the north over Bittell on May 9, whilst another individual visited Bredon's Hardwick the following day.

Staffs One at Belvide on May 5, two on May 10 and 11 and singles at Blithfield on July 19 and August 22, at Chasewater on October 19 and at Blithfield on November 21. Three at Hixon on September 20.

W Mid One at Sandwell Valley on September 19 was a first for the locality.

Lapwing Warks A slight reduction in breeding numbers noted in the Packington area,

wi th 10 pairs. Numbers were higher in the first winter period, wi th 1500 at Kingsbury on January 2 the best count. In the second winter period, 1100 at Bramcote was by far the best count wi th less than 500 at most other localities.

Worcs Four pairs reported at Aston Mil l Pit and five pairs at Knowle Fields. First winter maximum of 2800 at Bredon's Hardwick in January, with 1900 remaining into March. Post-breeding numbers peaked at 605 at Bredon's Hardwick in July, and Upton Warren had 1500 in August. Later, 1150 at Holt in October, 2300 at Bredon and 2000 at Powick in December.

Staffs Breeding confirmed at Chasewater, Doxey (14 pairs), Elford, Heath Hayes (eight pairs in spring sown barley), Needwood Airfield (four pairs), Pasturefields (10 pairs) and Tixall. The BTO survey highlighted

112

the importance of the peripheral fields on the moors: the average density throughout the county appearing to be about one pair per square Km, yet the 1985 survey revealed an average density of two pairs per square Km in the moors area, rising to between 10 and 30 pairs per square Km in placesfCG. High numbers were present in many areas in January including over 2000 at Doxey and a westerly movement of 750 in two hours at Chasewater. Autumn and winter flocks included 2000 at Branston in September and at Dunstal and Hixon in December.

W Mid Bred at Clayhanger (ten pairs), Meriden (six pairs), Sandwell Valley (three-four pairs) with one pair each at Sheepwash U.P. and Wil lenhall Sew&ge Farm. Notable movements included 1000 flying west at Park Lime Pits, January 10. Maxima: Meriden 220, August 2. Stubbers Green 300-350, November 28.

J F M A M J J A S 0 N 0

Sandwell Valley 50 103 250 4 4 4 200 250 150 220 125 150

Summated monthly maxima at all localities for the commoner wader species:

J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

Lapwing 9260 3401 2135 51 46 904 3662 5390 3755 3827 6116 11230 Jack Snipe 15 17 14 5 — — — — — 7 20 18 Snipe 140 131 159 123 13 10 18 76 142 275 370 402 Curlew 3 25 821 64 32 137 124 113 161 75 32 39 Redshank 14 17 57 87 71 59 37 18 11 16 9 15

Knot A good series of records wi th a satisfactory spread across the Region.

Warks A n excellent series of records came from Kingsbury wi th singles, unless specified, as fo l lows:— March 4, Apri l 26, May 16 to 19, May 22, July 21 and 22, July 23 (two), August 2 to 4, and August 23. Elsewhere, one at Ladywalk on July 27 and three at Draycote December 12.

Worcs In spring, one at Bredon's Hardwick from Apri l 30 to May 2. Return passage commenced wi th a summer plumage bird at Larford on July 29, wi th perhaps the same individual visiting Bredon's Hardwick from July 31 to August 2. Further singles were then seen at Larford on August 24 and at Bredon's Hardwick on December 24.

Staffs One f lew over Blithfield on January 25, one on July 23 and three on 27. Singles at Belvide on July 31 and September 7 and Blithfield on December 25.

W Mid One at Bartley Reservoir on January 25 and another at Sheepwash U.P. on March 19.

Sanderl ing Good spring passage in Warks but less good elsewhere.

Warks Two at Draycote on January 12 was unusual GMH. An excellent series

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of records in spring in the Kingsbury area commenced with two at Coton on Apri l 20 w i th one the fol lowing day and two on April 22. Then from May 2, almost daily occurrences at Kingsbury until May 29, with six on May 14 and five on 17 and 18. On return passage, only two; one at Kingsbury on July 23 and one at Draycote on August 23.

Worcs Singles seen at Bredon's Hardwick on Apri l 19 and May 11 and at Larford on May 29.

Staffs One at Belvide on May 9, three on May 11 and singles on May 14 and 17. Singles at Blithfield on July 22 and 23 and on August 2.

W Mid One at Sheepwash U.P. on May 23.

Little St int Few records this year and only one spring/summer bird.

Warks One at Kingsbury on June 6 and another there on August 22. Worcs An adult at Upton Warren on September 25 and an immature at the

same locality on November 1. Staffs Two at Belvide on August 23. Two at Needwood Airf ield on October 4.

One present at Belvide from October 7 to 14.

Temminck 's St int Warks One at Kingsbury on May 17 and 18 SMH et al and probably a different

bird there from May 2 2 t o 2 4 PDHet a/. One at Seeswood on May 24 JL. Staffs One at Tittesworth on May 17 GE.

Pectoral Sandpiper Worcs One seen briefly at Bredon's Hardwick on May 4 SJH. Staffs An immature at Belvide from September 23 SJto October 5 ARMBet at.

Cur lew Sandpiper Scarce again this year.

Warks Two immatures remained at Kingsbury from September 27 until October 4, wi th an adult on October 14.

Worcs One at Bittell on October 4 was still present the following day. Staffs Two summer and one intermediate plumaged birds at Belvide on May 8.

Singles at Blithfield on July 22 and August 9.

Purple Sandpiper Warks One at Draycote on October 30 GMH.

Dunlin With the exception of numbers at Kingsbury and Bredon's Hardwick, numbers were low, particularly in August and September.

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J F M A M J J A S O N D 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

Kingsbury area — — 3 — 216 58 60 3 — 521 14 3 3 6 6

Bittell — — 1 2 2 1 Bredon's Hardwlcti62 — 480 122 210 24 110 2 — 1 — 3 — 26 2 31 Upton Warren — 1 — — 5 — 1 4 4 1 — 1 1 5 4 2 2 1 — 1 1 1 Other sitee(3) — — — 3 — 3 1 1 2 —

Belvlde — — 9 1 714 18 10 7 6 11 4 2 1 — 1 1 Blithfield 1 1 1 — 2 1 — 1 2 5 3 13 15 4 — 1 1 1 1 Branston — — 1 1 5 1 1 Chasewater 2 1 — — 4 1 — 5 1 Elford — — 1 4 2 2 3 2 1 Westport 1 1 — — 3 1 1 ' 1 Others(6) — — — 1 — 3 3 1 1 3

Bartley — 4 — — Meriden — — 1 — 1 Sandwell Valley 1 1 6 — 3 4 1 1 — 1 2 1 — 1 1 Sheepwash 4 3 — — 6 1 3 3 2 2 1

Warks Spring numbers in the Tame Valley were exceptional but elsewhere few were recorded on either passage. Up to four appeared at Alvecote, Brandon, Draycote and Shustoke, with six at Ladywalk on August 1.

Worcs The Avon Valley winter ing flock reached a maximum of 480 on February 15 - a regional record - and had built up again to 318 by the end of the year.

Ruff A widespread influx into the country in spring was reflected in the Region as a whole. Half-monthly maxima at selected sites:

M A M j j A i o 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

Kingsbury area 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 3 —

Bredon's Hardwtck Upton Warren 13

47 7

2 1 1 1 — — 1

-

2 -

1 —

Belvlde Bllthlleld Branston Elford Other(5) I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I

I -

I I

3 26

3

1

2 1

2 1

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

2 1 1 1

1 6

2 2 13

1

1

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

Sandwell Valley Sheepwash 7

-

— 1 - 1 1 -

Warks In spring, first recorded at Whitacre Heath on March 8 and often present there, w i th an impressive maximum of 30 on April 15 and eight on 18.

115

Up to nine occurred at Coton in late April. In autumn, singles at Bedworth Woodlands and Brandon.

Worcs The unprecedented spring passage included the Regional maximum of 47 at Bredon's Hardwick on April 16 and followed a flock of 13 at Upton Warren the previous day. Numbers at Bredon dropped rapidly to 3 on April 18 but, wi th 16 again present the next day, there continued a steady, if smaller passage through into May. In autumn, one at Bittell on August 23 was the only record.

Staffs 26 at Belvide on April 17 was easily a site record. Up to 13 occurred on flood meadows at Wychnor from September 1 to 3. Single records of up to two birds from Barton, Chasewater, Doxey and Rickerscote.

Jack Snipe Average: September 29 (46) to April 19 (42) Last noted at Chasewater on Apri l 24. Returned, on time, to the Sandwell Valley on September 29.

Warks One at Arley on January 17 and 18 and one at Draycote on the last date. Two at Brandon on March 4 and one on March 27. In autumn and the second winter period, five were in the Kingsbury and Middleton area on November 7 and one at Kingsbury on November 14 and December 23.

Worcs Ones and twos recorded in winter at Beoley Mil l Pool, Bittell, Bredon's Hardwick, Castlemorton Common, Holt, Ipsley Alders, Oakley and Upton Warren, wi th five at Lower Moor on February 28. In autumn, birds were reported from Beoley Mil l Pool, Bittell, Castlemorton Common, Holt (two in November), Strensham, Throckmorton, Upton Warren (up to four in November and December) and Wilden.

Staffs Noted in both winter periods at Belvide, Blithfield, Chasewater, Doxey and Mil l Green, wi th notable counts of six at Mil l Green in Februaryand four at Belvide in December. Also noted at Apedale, Dosthill and Longsdon.

W Mid Two at Brierley Hill Pools on January 13 and a maximum of three in December. At Sandwell Valley, present into early April, w i th a maximum of 11 on February 28 and March 31 Two at Sheepwash U.P. on November 2 and one in Sutton Park in the first winter period.

Warks

Worcs

Staffs

Snipe Probably bred at Alvecote and display seen at Kenilworth, Kingsbury and Packington. Maxima of 14 at Alvecote, 25 at Brandon, 56 at Kingsbury, 21 at Ladywalk and 22 at Middleton. Drumming birds heard at Abberton, Clifton, Lower Moor, Rous Lench (two) and Wilden (two). Numbers again low outside the breeding season, wi th winter maxima of 26 at Northwick Marsh in February and 25 at Bredon's Hardwick in early April. In autumn and the second winter period, the highest counts were 30 at Holt in November and 34 at Upton Warren in December. Breeding records from Chasewater, Doxey (17 pairs), Pasturefields (two

116

W Mid

Warks

Worcs

Staffs

W Mid

Warks

Worcs

Staffs

pairs) and Tixall (seven pairs). Winter counts generally low, though good numbers recorded at Mil l Green wi th maxima of 43 in February, 80 in November and up to 70 in December. Elsewhere, Chasewater held 36 on October 28, Belvide 40dur ing November, Blithfield 4 7 o n November 25, Doxey 47 and Stafford Common 100 on December 20. A pair bred at Sandwell Valley, wi th two young seen in August and up to 65 seen in the marsh in February and March. Highest first winter counts of 21 at Sheepwash U.P. in January, wi th the same number there in December and 30 at Clayhanger and 39 at Sheepwell Green, also in December.

Woodcock Roding birds were observed at Atherstone Golf Course (three), Clowes Wood (two), Maxstoke, PackingtonandShawbury(two). In winter, seen at Alvecote, Ladywalk and Whitacre Heath. Roding birds heard at British Camp, Trench Wood (two), Weethley Wood and the Wyre Forest. Recorded at six localities outside the breeding season, including one seen in thick mist on the top of North Hill on November 7. Breeding records from Coombes Valley (five pairs) and near Muckleston (double clutch). Roding birds reported from Beaudesert (at least five). Brand Plantation, Kinver (three) and Sherbrook Valley. Also reported from Belvide, Blithfield, Chasewater, Cheadle, Fisherwick, the Moors and Westport. Singles recorded from Brierley Hill Pools in January, at Sandwell Valley in January, February and March and at Brueton Park, Sharmans Cross Road and Sutton Park in March.

Black-tailed Godwi t Compared to 1986, a better, though variable, spring passage. A better year for the species in the county. One at Middleton from Apri l 16 to 19 was followed by one on April 26 at Kingsbury, two there on May 10 and two f rom May 13 to 17. Return passage started wi th seven flying over Coton on July 5, two at Kingsbury on July 13 one from 20 to 27 and one September 20. The only record out of the Tame Valley was from Draycote on September 19. Another good spring passage started wi th one at Bredon's Hardwick on March 7 and was followed by another there on April 11. On Apri l 13, seven were found at Ripple, wi th two again present on April 15 and a further bird visited Upton Warren on Apri l 29. Return passage was concentrated solely at Upton Warren wi th six on July 1, one remaining until the next day and further singles on August 1,5 and 22. A poor spring passage wi th one at Belvide on April 21. Return passage began wi th two birds showing characteristics of the Icelandic race at Chasewater on July 19 and Blithfield on August 2,4 and 6. 18 circled

117

Belvide on August 21. Singles at Doxey on August 24 and Elford on September 15.

Bar-tailed Godwi t A better year than last, but numbers still below average.

Warks Singles seen at Coton on April 22 and Kingsbury on Apri l 27 and May 12.

Worcs One f lew over Upton Warren on one date in August, whilst another was seen resting on ice at Upper Bittell on December 12.

Staffs A party of three and a single f lew through Blithfield on January 25, wi th another on March 8. Three at Belvide on July 24.

Whimbrel Again, a good spread and number of records.

Warks Al l records come from the Tame Valley, w i th the vast majority involving over-flying birds. First recorded at Coton on Apri l 22, wi th one the following day at Kingsbury and two over Ladywalk on April 25. Subsequently seen at Kingsbury on April 26, May 9 and 23 and on return passage on July 11 and 15, and August 23. One over Shustoke on August 8.

Worcs In Spring, singles recorded at Bredon's Hardwick on April 12,26,28 and May 3 and at Upton Warren on April 28 (two), May 2 and 12. Return passage began when a bird was heard flying over the Old Hills on July 16. Further individuals visited Upton Warren on July 28, August 2,14 and September 1.

Staffs Singles at Belvide on April 5 and 21. Two at Branston on April 25 and one on April 27. Singles at Elford on May 5, Hazelslade on May 10 and Branston on May 25. Return passage produced singles at Needwood Airf ield on July 19, Blithfield on August 12, Belvide on August 26, September 1 and 9 and one f lew south over Goldenhill on September 4.

Cur lew The total of 600 at Longsdon Mil l Pool roost in March is a regional record, though close to the 1982 total.

Warks Monthly maxima at Kingsbury/Ladywalk

J F M A M J J A s 0 N D

1 5 18 7 2 1 19 11 21 19 9 1

The birds in the Kingsbury/Ladywalk area seem to roost either at Coton or Ladywalk and probably emanate from the four or five pairs which breed in the north of the county. This small population undoubtedly survives due to the sympathetic approach of the landowners involved. Other records involving one or two birds were received from Alvecote, Kenilworth, Packington and Whately.

Worcs Breeding season records from Bredon's Hardwick (two pairs),

118

Castlemorton Common, Clifton (two pairs), Dodford, Larford, Old Hills, Ripple, Strensham, Trench Wood and Upton-upon-Severn. Recorded in every month at Upton Warren wi th the regular evening roost totalling 56 on March 8 and then building up again from 42 on July 21 and 84 on August 29 to a peak of 114 on September 19. Numbers thereafter dwindled to 41 on October 26 and 37 on December 6. Only small numbers recorded elsewhere, wi th a maximum of 17 at Holt on September 5.

Staffs Bred near Aqualate and at least 39 pairs present in SK06 but most appeared to depart early, perhaps indicating a poor breeding season. Possibly bred at Anslow, near Dunstall, Little Wyrley and Ranton. Large numbers again roosted at Longsdon Mi l l Pool wi th 146 on March 11 increasing to 600 by March 21 but wi th only 235 the next day. The flock at Tit tesworth peaked at 100 on March 28, 24 were at Aqualate on March 16,23 at Middle Hills on June 27 and up to 50 at GibTorr on July 10. Smaller numbers were recorded at many sites.

W Mid Sandwell Valley had singles on January 13, March 28, April 8,23, wi th four on Apri l 3, three on June 29 and August 4. Four f lew over Clayhanger on April 24 and singles at Sheepwash U.P. on January 18, June 25 and September 1.

Spot ted Redshank Warks A single seen at Ladywalk on Apri l 5 was probably the bird at Kingsbury

the fol lowing day. Another was present there on April 20. On return passage, one at Brandon on August 14 was followed by one at Kingsbury the next day, wi th another there on August 31 and September 1.

Worcs In spring, a winter plumaged bird visited Bredon's Hardwick between Apri l 18 and 20. On return passage, four juveniles were seen at Upton Warren on August 20, w i th one remaining until 22 and a further bird visited the same locality on August 31.

Staffs Singles at Elford on July 2 and August 11, Belvide on August 14 and 17 and at Blithfield on August 19. Two at Dosthill on August 30and singles at Belvide on September 6,7 and 25.

W Mid Singles at Sheepwash U.P. on July 22 and August 22 to 23; also, a juvenile at Edgbaston Reservoir during September.

Redshank The impression is of a better series of spring records than in the last few years. Monthly maxima in the Kingsbury area and at Belvide:

J F M A M J J A S 0 N 0

Kingsbury 6 7 9 18 18 12 11 4 1 0 8 1

Belvide 0 0 10 12 15 15 3 3 1 0 0 0

119

Warks Five pairs bred at or near Kingsbury and, for the third year running, a pair was successful in the Coleshill area. Other records were received from Arley, where one fed on a small stream during the freezing weather of January; Alvecote, Brandon (maximum of five in spring), Draycote, Earlswood, Little Packington and The Somers.

Worcs At least one pair bred successfully at Bredon's Hardwick, with further breeding season reports coming from Eckington, Larford (two pairs) and Strensham. Up to six birds were noted at Upton Warren between Apri l and early June, but no breeding took place. A good spring passage at Bredon's Hardwick, wi th 17 on March 28 and 19 on Apri l 4, whilst in autumn 15 were grounded in thick fog, at Bittell, on October 4. Elsewhere, passage birds noted at Aston Mill, Clifton, Fladbury, Holt, Ripple and Wilden.

Staffs Despite good spring numbers at Belvide, it seems unlikely that any bred successfully. Breeding confirmed at Doxey (three pairs), Pasturefields (four pairs) and Tixall (two pairs). Possibly bred near Dunstall, Alrewas and Wheaton Aston. Recorded at many locations in small numbers throughout the year, except November. The highest count away from Belvide was five at Blithfield in June, July and September.

W Mid Nested in the Sandwell Valley, but the eggs were predated. Breeding also suspected at Meriden. Other records from Bartley on January 16, Brierley Hill Pools on March 24,25 (when two) and July 26, Meriden on May 3 (three), Sheepwash U.P. from January through to July and Sandwell Valley between June and August (maximum of three).

Greenshank The usual late August /ear ly September peak, wi th numbers up on last year. The 10 at Doxey on April 15 was quite exceptional, the most ever recorded together on spring passage in the region. Half-monthly maxima at all sites:

A M J J A S O N 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

Alvecote — 1 1 — — — — — 1 — Bedworlh Woodlands — — — — — 4 1 — Brandon — 1 — — — — 1 2 5 7 4 2 Draycote _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ Kingsbury - 2 2 1 - - 4 12 3 10 4 1 1 - 1 — Ladywalk _ 2 _ _ _ _ 3 2 1 1 — 1 The Somers — — — — — 1 4 4 4 4 4 — Wasperton _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Bittell _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ Bredon's Hardwick — 2 — — — — 1 1 2 — Upton Warren _ _ _ _ — 2 — 4 3 1 1 _ Other sites(4) _ 1 i _ 2

Barton — — 1 — — 1 — — — — — — — — Belvide 3 — — — 2 3 1 0 — Blithfield — 1 1 — 3 4 4 6 2 — Branston 2 2 2 — Chasewater _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _

120

A 1 2

M J J 1 2 1 2 1 2 1

A 2

S 1 2 1

0 N 2 1 2

Copmere Croxall Doxey Elford Klngswood Rlckerscote Tittesworth Wychnor

— 1 10 —

1 « 1 1 1 1 1

1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1

1 1 1 -

1 1 " 1

1 6

3 2 2

— 1 1 —

B — — 1 1 —

10 —

2

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 II

1

1 1

1 1

1 II

1

1 1

Brierley Hill Pools Sandwell Valley Sheepwash

1 _ _ _ _ _ 3

1 3 4

1 1 1 1

-

Warks A good year. One at Kingsbury and Lea Marston on November 1 was a late record.

Worcs Reported from Grimley, Holt, Larford and Throckmorton, on return. W Mid Sandwell Valley had approximately 12 individuals during the year.

Wood Sandpiper A good year in total, however, strangely absent from W Mid. The good spring passage in Worcs was not reflected elsewhere and the majority of summer /autumn records were in Staffs.

Warks Apart from one at Coton on August 23, all records were from Kingsbury w i th singles there on May 11 and from May 16 to 18, two on July 21, wi th one the following day and further singles on September 5 and October 3.

Worcs A very good spring passage began wi th one at Upton Warren on April 19. This was followed by one at Bredon's Hardwick on April 22 and 23 and another at Wilden on Apri l 26. Five then visited Upton Warren from May 19 to 24, followed by further singles on May 29 and June 6. On return, only one seen, at Bredon's Hardwick on July 23.

Staffs Singles noted at Blithfield on July 19 and 21, Elford on July 21, Belvide on July 24 to 27 and Westport on July 31. One f lew over Newcastle under Lyme on August 2, singles at Blithfield on August 3, Belvide on August 12, Blithfield on August 19 and 20 and Doxey on August 28. One at Wychnor on September 1 and 3, Blithfield on September 2, Belvide on September 3, Branston on September 4 and Elford on September 13.

Green Sandpiper Monthly maxima at principal sites:

J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

Alvecote — — 1 1 1 1 1 Brandon — — — 1 — 3 16 21 15 2 — —

Kingsbury 2 5 2 4 3 2 1S 16 5 6 3 2

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J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

Bittell 1 1 1 1 — — — 1 — — 1 —

Bredon's Hardwick 2 2 2 1 — 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 Grlmley 1 2 — — — 1 Strensham 1 1 1 — — — — 1 — 1 1 1 Upton Warren — — — 3 1 10 21 16 8 1 1 2 Other sites(B) 1 — — 3 — — 1 2 7 1 — —

Barton 1 1 3 6 Belvlde — — 1 1 — 1 1 2 3 — — —

Blithlield 1 6 3 — — — —

Branston — — 1 — — — — 1 1 5 5 1 Clay Mills 1 1 1 1 — — 1 — — — 1 —

Croxall 1 1 — — — 1 Doxey 1 — 1 — — — — 6 1 — — —

Elford 2 4 2 — 1 7 7 4 3 4 5 Others(IO) — 1 1 2 — — 7 5 — — — —

Merlden 2 1 Sandwell Valley — 1 1 2 1 — 2 3 2 1 1 1 Sheepwash 1

Warks Elsewhere, occasional records, mainly in Autumn, as fo l lows:—Ar ley (four), Hartshill Sewage Farm (one), Ladywalk (six), Middleton (three), Packington (two). The Somers (two) and Wasperton (four).

Worcs Six at Holt on September 5.

Common Sandpiper Average: April 6 (51) to October 21 (47) The fird record was of one at Larford on April 2. Most had left by September 25, but one straggler was present at Draycote until November 15. Monthly maxima at principal sites:

A M J J A S O N D 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

Brandon Draycote Earlswood Kingsbury Ladywalk

— 1 — — — 1 2 3 5 1 — — — — 12 2 5 2 — 2

2 3 7 1 — — 13 16 9 9 7 5 1 — 1 — — 1 3 3 3 1

Bittell Bredon's Hardwick Larford Upton Warren Wllden Other sites(7)

— 5 1 1 6 3 —

— 2 2 1 5 9 2

— 4 — — — 4 3

— 3 — 5 6 5

— 2 — 3

2 1 7 a 2 — 5 —

3 — 3 3 1 —

3 3 1 —

Belvide Blithfield Chasewater Tittesworth

6 7 5 1 — — 2 13 — 1 4 2

8 6 9 2 1 2 8 10 — — 3 16 19 20 12 5 3 1 — — 1 2 — 1 —

Brierley Hill Pools — 3 5 — — 4 — 1 — —

Merlden — 2 — — — 3 2 2 — Sandwell Valley — 7 7 2 — 1 2 3 5 4 2 2 1 Sheepwash — 3 2 2 — — 2 2 5 4 2

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Warks Small numbers also occurred at Alvecote, Middleton, Seeswood, The Somers and Wasperton. A wintering bird was present at Draycote from October 25 to the end of the year, with two there on October 30.

Worcs An overwintering bird at Bittell on February 14. Staffs No breeding records received although one at Tittesworth displayed.

One at Chasewater on January 11. WMid Winter records from Sandwell Valley on January 14 and 31. Other

Spring records from Edgbaston Park on Apri l 18 and two at Bradnock's Marsh on May 3.

Turnstone Warks First seen at Coton from April 24 to 26, wi th another at Kingsbury from

May 9 to 17. The last of the Spring passage was one seen at Wasperton on May 24. Return passage commenced at Kingsbury, wi th one from July 23 to 30 and possibly the same bird again on August 2. One at Coton on August 23 and, finally, one at Draycote on October 18.

Staffs Two at Belvide on Apri l 25 and one on Apri l 28. One at Blithfield on May 1 and four on May 20. Singles at Blithfield on July 20 and Belvide August 22. Two adults and one immature at Blithfield on August 23.

W Mid Sheepwash U.P. had the only record, wi th one on May 14.

Grey Phalarope The "Great Gale' of October 1 5 / 1 6 blew many of this species into the country, w i th the region having six or seven birds, quite unprecedented. The September record was probably associated w i th strong westerly winds over the preceding days, as high numbers of this species were seen on the west coast at a similar time.

Warks One at Draycote on October 18 AC, GIG. REH. Worcs Two were found at Arrow Valley Lake LC and a juvenile was seen at

Bittell CBL. KGC. all on October 16. Staffs On October 16, singles occurred at Blithfield GMH, GNJ and

Chasewater per GE wi th one at Belvide the next day SJ. W Mid One was found on little more than a puddle, near Netherton Reservoir,

on September 16 CT, RCB, IDB.

Pomarine Skua Staffs An adult pale morph caused havoc amongst the gulls at Chasewater on

October 16 CM, another "Great Gale' victim.

1985 Addendum Warks A pale morph adult was found in an exhausted condition at Seeswood

Pool in November, per SMH. It is likely that the date was around 10, when part of a national influx hit the west Midlands.

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Arct ic Skua These were probably brought in on the north-easterlies originating over the North Sea towards the end of August.

Warks Two distant birds at Draycote on August 23 were either immatures or dark morph adults REH.

Staffs A dark morph or immature occurred at Belvide on August 27 KRS, NRS.

Long-tailed Skua These exceptional records were part of a nationally good Skua passage during late July and parts of August, no doubt helped by northerly winds at that time. These two birds represent only the second and third Regional records, the first being in Staffs in 1874.

Worcs An adult, which stayed for a short period at Upton Warren on August 8, constituted the first county record JB. MB. At rest seemed smaller and neater than an Arctic Skua wi th more or less uniform slatey-grey upperparts, very bright white breast wi th yellow towards the collar and a clear cut black cap. In fl ight, this bird was mobbed by a crow, against which it appeared smaller. The very long central tail streamers were judged to be about the equivalent length to the body of the bird and were very conspicuous once the bird had taken off. No white wing markings were noted and if present were not conspicuous.

Staffs An adult f lew in from the north-east at Blithfield on July 27 and soon departed to the west ESC. This is the first Staffordshire record since 1874. Much slimmer than Arctic Skua wi th almost tern-like flight, longish wings, dark cap and central tail feathers about half the length of body. One tail feather actually drooped.

associated wi th "Great Gale"

Warks

Staffs

Great Skua The August and September records were northerlies/easterl ies and the October birds were victims. A si ng le at Draycote on August 23 A C, REH and two there on October 18 AC. GIG. REH and 19 MJI. One f lew west at Belvide on September 26 GE. WJL. JPM.

Mediterranean Gull It is difficult to be sure just how many birds there were but nevertheless the best year ever for this species.

Warks Five individuals, mostly f irst-winter birds, was the best total ever in the county. Singles at Seeswood Pool on February 9 PSL, Coton on February 21 SLC, ARD, JEF. The Nook, Bedworth on November 7 SMH and at Draycote on December 13 PFA, REH, DJS. An adult at Draycote on December 7 PDH, 19, 20, 26 and 28 ARD, GIG.

Worcs A second-winter bird at Bredon's Hardwick on October 17 SJH was almost certainly the same individual as rested at Upton Warren on the same day. This bird roosted f rom October 19 to 21 and was last seen early on the morning of the 22 JTB, SC et al. A f irst-winter roosted at

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Westwood on December 31 SMW. These constitute only the second and third county records.

Staffs First-winter birds occurred at Blithfield on January 4 GIG, PDH and at Chasewater from January 28 to 30 GE and on March 22 GHP. An adult at Codsall on November 27 SN and a f irst-winter at Westport on December 9 AH.

Little Gull

A quite exceptional spring passage helped by south-easterly winds. The party of 39 at Coton in Apri l was the largest ever recorded in the Region. A smaller concentration of records around mid-October was associated wi th the "Great Gale".

Warks One adult at Coton on January 10. Spring passage commenced wi th one at Brandon on Apri l 10 and then a strong movement in the last ten days produced two immatures at Draycote on Apri l 21 and a party of 39 at Coton the fol lowing day, made up of 36 adults, two second-summers andonefirst-summer>3/?0, GMH.BLK. Coton then held seven adults on Apri l 24 and five on 25. A n adult was at Kingsbury on June 19. The only autumn record was one on a field, w i th Black-headed Gulls, at Long Lawford on October 19.

Worcs A n immature at Larford on March 28 was followed by f irst-summers at Westwood on April 6 and at Bredon's Hardwick on May 1. A second-summer roosted at Upton Warren on July 16.

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Staffs A f irst-winter at Westport on March 6 preceded a good spring passage. A first-year at Belvide from Apri l 20 to 28, five (first-summer, second-summer and three adults) at Chasewater on April 22 wi th an adult on May 17. At Blithfield, a first-year on April 10 was joined by an adult on 12 and another first-year on 17. An adult occurred at Elford on May 8 and 9. After a f irst-summer at Belvide on July 5, there was a juvenile there on August 23 and f irst-winters from September 2 to 4 and October 17 to 22 wi th two on 18 and 22 and three on 20. The only other autumn records were two adults and a f irst-winter at Blithfield on September 6 and a second-winter at Westport on October 2.

W Mid A first and second-winter winter at Bartley on January 16, an adult at Sandwell Valley on June 4 and an immature at Sheepwash U.P. on September 20.

1986 Corrigendum Worcs The two birds at Bredon's Hardwick on April 19 comprised a f irst-winter

and an adult in breeding plumage, not two first-year birds as stated.

1986 Addendum W Mid An immature at Bartley on January 25.

Black-headed Gull Warks Two pairs raised at least two young at Kingsbury. At least one albinistic

bird put in appearances in both winter periods, being seen at Draycote and KingsburyARD, and Middleton on Septemer 21JAA. In October, at Kingsbury, eight were observed feeding on elderberries by hovering just above the tops of the bushes MAA RJT. Best estimates of roosting numbers were from Draycote, w i th a maximum of 14000 in November. Other large numbers were at Alvecote, 2000 in August, and Coton w i th 3000 in January and February and 5000 in late December.

Worcs In the first winter period the largest counts were of 2100 at Westwood on January 4, 700 at Throckmorton Tip on February 1 and 600 at Bredon's Hardwick on March 1. Numbers increased again from July w i th 600 at Upton Warren on August 10 and 700 at Bittell on September 13. In late autumn, 1000 were at Bredon's Hardwick on November 22 wi th a similar number at Throckmorton Tip on December 3. The roost at Westwood held a peak of 2150 on December 26 and 1200 were present at Bittell on December 31.

Staffs 123 pairs bred at Elford and, probably, at least 10 at Aqualate.

Monthly counts at Westport:

J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

- - — 153 4 1 40 89 400 1350 3500 8000

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Isolated counts included 12000 at Chasewater and 2860 at Mil l Green in January and 11000 at Belvide in February. Partial albinos noted at Chasewater on October 1 and 5 and Westport on November 5 (pure white) wi th a different bird on December 6. Several individuals colour-marked in North Jutland, Denmark, in May /June 1986 were seen in the Potteries area early in the year.

WMid Maxima of 1200 at Sheepwash U.P. on January 2, 800 at Sandwell Valley during February and 300 at Stubbers Green on September 7. Smaller numbers reported from Netherton Reservoir, Aldridge and Sutton Park.

C o m m o n Gull Warks As usual, largest numbers came from Draycote. 1200 were counted

there on January 1 and an estimated 4000 on January 11. Elsewhere up to 10 were seen at Alvecote, Earlswood, Kingsbury and Seeswood.

Worcs In the first winter period, 48 were seen at Broadway on February 16 and 20 at Throckmorton Tip on March 15. Again, a strong spring passage through the south of the county. 139 were at Hollybush on March 29 and 157 were seen on floodwater at Nafford on the same day. On April 5, 65 f lew north over Bredon's Hardwick in 15 minutes and 125 were counted on Midsummer Hill, whilst on April 13, 20 were at Bredon's Hardwick, 120 at Ripple and 130 at Upton-upon-Severn. Elsewhere, small numbers were reported from eight localities in all months except May and June.

Staffs Monthly maxima at selected sites:

J F M A M J J A s 0 N D

Westport Chasewater

25 30

39 50

52 30

32 3 0 1 — —

1 3 1 2 12 13

Isolated maxima included 37 at Mil l Green on January 11, 40 at Cannock Tip on February 23 and 12 at Belvide on Apri l 20. Two at Branston on June 17 was the only record for the month.

W Mid Bartley had 20 on January 17 and Sandwell Valley had small numbers in both winter periods. Smaller numbers also noted Hydes Road Pool, Stubbers Green and Walsall.

Lesser Black-backed Gull An influx in January wi th numbers dissipating early in February.

Warks At Draycote, 800 on February 7 and 3000 on November 22 were the maxima for the respective winter periods. Elsewhere, upto 50 at Kingsbury in January, 120 at Kenilworth in August and 135 at Seeswood in November.

Worcs One pair bred in central Worcester. In the f irst-winter period largest numbers were recorded at Throckmorton Tip where daily totals f luctuated considerably according to weather conditions, eg. 225 on

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January 9 w i th 750 present the fol lowing day after a hard frost. In the second-winter period, numbers at Throckmorton increased from 550 on November 8 to 1000 on December 3. Elsewhere, 500 were seen at Bredon's Hardwick on November 22 and the Westwood roost held a maximum of 400 on December 9. A regular south-westerly pre-roost movement was noted through the Avon Valley, wi th 464 passing over Birlingham in an hour on September 18 NJM.

Staffs Monthly maxima at selected sites:

J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

Westport 1057 87 59 16 41 3 10 87 266 390 965 759 Chasewater 200 550 500 — 63 — 300 — — — — —

The only count from Belvide was of 950 on October 29, of which 95% were adults. Birds of the race intermedius were reported at Needwood Airf ield on February 15 (two) and August 31 DIMW, Chasewater on October 28 GE and Westport on November 28 WJL. One of the race fuscus was reported from Westport on November 15 AH.

W Mid Bred in central Birmingham, w i th a pair raising two young. Notable counts were 200 at Bartley on December 9 and 75 at Sandwell Valley on December 19.

Herring Gull Huge influx in early January, probably of north-eastern birds, but numbers dropping rapidly in February.

Warks Reported from three roosting areas. At Draycote, 800 on January 1 and 1500 on January 11 were the only reports. 750 at Shustoke on January 18 and the same number at Coton on December 31 were good numbers for the Tame Valley area. Adults showing characteristics of the southern 'Cachinnans' group, subspecies michahellis, were seen at Draycote on November 1 GIG. PDH and a different bird there on 15 REH.

Worcs The largest first winter concentration was 150 at Throckmorton Tip on January 10. In the second winter period numbers were generally low unti l the end of the year, when 280 were found at Hartlebury Tip on December 30, wi th 350 present the fol lowing day. Two birds of the race L.a. argentatus were present at Throckmorton Tip on January 17 PFW. 'Yellow-legged Gulls' of the southern 'Cachinnans' group were seen as fo l lows:— single adults at Throckmorton Tip on January 9 SMW and between November 27 and December 5, wi th two from December 3 GHP, SMW; an adult and a third year at Bredon on November 22 SMW; a th i rd year which roosted at Westwood between December 23 and the end of the year SMW. and an adult at Hartlebury Tip on December 30 SMW.

Staffs Huge numbers present in early January when 'thousands' fed at Cannock Tip, wel l over 3000 were estimated at Chasewater and 4240

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were counted at Blithfield on January 18.2000 were at Chasewater on February 11. Monthly maxima at Westport:

J F M A M J J A s 0 N 0

1297 42 50 2 - 1 1 1 62 463

Birds showing all the characteristics of the southern 'Cachinnans' group were noted as follows: an adult at Westport on January 2, 5 and February 7 JPM. WJL and a third-year on January 2 JPM. An adult at Blithfield on February 3 JCE-D. Adults occurred at Chasewater from October 15 to 22 GE. Tittesworth on December 19 PGB and Blithfield on December 29 GIG. Two adults, two sub-adults and a third-winter were noted at Westport during November and December, including three on November 26 WJL. A bird at Westport on January 9 resembled descriptions of the so called 'omissus'-type argentatus. A large, thick-set gul l w i t h a brown-streaked, angular head and large, quite bright bill. The mant le colour matched the darkest argentatus present nearby and there were four small spots visible on the primaries, at rest. Legs were a dull yel low. JPM.

W Mid Maxima of 110 at Shut End on January 4 and 10 at Sandwell Valley on January 18; 15 at Bartley on December 16.

Iceland Gull Warks A f i rst-winter at Draycote on February 21 AC. PDH and 23 AC. A

second-winter at Kingsbury on March 14 ARD and a f irst-winter at Draycote on December 28, ARD.

Staffs A n adult at Westport on January 10 WJL and 11 PGB, NJS. A first-winter at Chasewater on January 30 MDJ, ICW; a first-year there from March 14 MDB to 31 GE. GJM. JPM fed at Cannock Tip on March 17 JPM and another adult fed at the Tip on March 22per GE. At Westport, f i rs t -winter birds occurred on March 20 WJL and November 29 NC, WJL. JPM.

Glaucous Gull Warks Al l records in the first half of the year. Third-winter birds at Kingsbury

on January 1 0 A R D and at Draycote on January 24 AC, PDH. A first-winter at Kingsbury on April 4 ARD and 11 JAA, BLK.

Staffs Last year's adult continued to feed at Cannock Tip and roost at Chasewater until February 15 GE etal. Probably the same adult roosted at Blithfield on January 23 MDJ, ICW. A f irst-winter at Cannock on January 2 and 4 GE, GJM, another at Cannock on January 2 and 4 and at Chasewater on 3 and 11 GE.REH. Other f i rst-winters at Chasewater f rom February 15 to 19 PWD. GE, at Belvide on February 23 DSK, Chasewater from March 2 to 21 GE. MDJ, SAR, another from March 4 to 17 GE, RAH. GJM and one at Blithfield on March 8 and $ JCE-D, PDH. A second-year was noted at both Cannock and Chasewater from March

129

16 to 19 JPM et al and March 29 to April 9 AC, GE, PDH. A first year at Westport on Apri l 4 WJL and sub-adult at Doxey on Apri l 24 NGG, GAG.

Glaucous x Herring Gull hybrid Birds showing characteristics of this cross occurred as follows:

Warks A f i rst-winter at Kingsbury on January 10 was presumed to be a hybrid in view of primary projection and tail pattern but could conceivably have been a leucistic Herring Gull or a pale extreme of L.a. argentatus. ARD. A f irst-winter, also at Kingsbury, on March 28 ARD. On December 31, a f irst-winter roosted at Coton. This bird showed gingery-buff body plumage mottled with brown, resembling a dull Glaucous, wi th the bill pattern matching that species. However, the bodysize, headshape and bill length recalled a medium-sized Herring. The primary projection, which was very short, showed no contrast wi th the relatively dull body colour ARD.

Staffs An adult at Blithfield on January 24 MJI. GJM and a f irst-winter the fol lowing day. A second-winter was at Chasewater on March 19 REH and Cannock Tip on March 21 PDH.

W Mid A second/third winter at Bartley on December 8 AH.

Great Black-backed Gull Like other Gull species, a huge influx into the Region in January, wi th record numbers.

Warks Numbers seem to be on the increase w i th roosts of 80 at Coton, 100 at Draycote and 90 at Shustoke in January. A f irst-summer bird remained at Kingsbury from mid-May until July 19. In the second winter period, a maximum of 135 roosted at Coton.

Worcs Maxima of 12 at Hartlebury Tip on December 12, where six were still present the next day and three at Westwood on December 31. Elsewhere, ones and twos recorded in both winter periods at Bittell, Bredon's Hardwick, Castlemorton Common, Throckmorton Tip and Upton Warren.

Staffs Record numbers present in the county in early January including 516, mostly adults, at Cannock Tip on 2, 390 at Chasewater on 3, 424 at Blithfield on 6 , 2 8 at Westport on 10,15 at Holden Lane Tip on 2 and 14 at Doxey on 18. Numbers then fell rapidly wi th 120 at Cannock Tip on February 3 and only 17 at Chasewater by March 29. Numbers quite high again at the end of the year, including 60 at Blithfield on December 13 and 55 at Belvide on 31. Small numbers also noted at Branston and Keele.

W Mid Three at Bartley on January 2, four at Sandwell Valley on January 18 and singles at Wil lenhall on February 1 and at Sheepwash U.P. on October 5.

Ring-bil led Gull Warks An adult at Coton on December 20 ARD. This was the first county

record.

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Staffs

Warks

Worcs

Staffs

Worcs

Warks Worcs

Size about mid-way between Common Gull and Herring Gull, (both present for comparison). Initially located as it 'emerged' from behind a group of Lesser Black-backs, and it was judged about 15% smaller than that species and stood rather less high. Head rather neat, w i th flat c rown and vertical nape - thus headshape suggested scaled-down Herring Gull rather than the more domed headshape of Common but, equally, looked 'tr im', lacking the heavy, brooding character of Herring. Relatively long, flat 'back' and prominent wing-point generated an elongated outline; configuration well-balanced, less dainty than Common but lacking the bulky, barrel-chested presence of Herring Gull. Bill deep and stubby compared w i th Common Gull, generally parallel-sided (in profile) but w i th neatly curved nail, and a sl ight gonys angle; shape suggested small Herring Gull (rather than the finer, more pointed and much more delicate bill of Common Gull) but, when standing next to Herring Gulls, it was considerably shorter and less massive, and the bill of the latter looked a formidable hook by comparison. Head and underparts white, the rear crown and hindneck coarsely marked wi th brownish flecking. Mantle, scapulars and wing-coverts even, pale argenteus-grey (paler than quite a few of the nearby Herring Gulls, some of wh ich were probably L.a. argentatus.); no scapular crescent detectable. Tertials as mantle but w i th narrow whi te tips, forming inconspicuous crescent, far narrower than any Common Gull (and the vast majority of Herring Gulls) and also contrasting less w i th the relatively pale feather bases. At rest, long black wing-point showed three small whi te primary tips along its length; on folded w ing no primary mirrors were visible (bird not seen infl ight). Bill clear yel low(a shade colder than Herring Gull) w i th bold, clean-cut band subterminally, much broader than on any Common Gull and w i th sharp but 'stepped' outl ine (the band being offset forward on the upper mandible). Iris pale (with Herring-like 'squinting' character rather than large doe-eyed character of Common) but exact colour not determined. Legs appeared olivey-yellow.

A first-summer bird occurred at Westport f rom March 14 WJL to 16,21 WJL. JPM et aland 29 GR, NC. This is the second record for the county, the first being at Westport in November 1981, also found by WJL.

Kit t iwake Two adults at Draycote on February 7 and singles at Kingsbury on March 28 and at Coton on Apri l 17. Immatures occurred at Wasperton on the unusual date of June 16 and at Kingsbury on September 1. A sub-adult at Bittell on January 4, another at Larford on March 28 and a first-year f lew south at Bredon's Hardwick on April 5. Records refer to adults and single birds unless otherwise stated, wi th 15 of the estimated 21 individuals in March and April. Noted at Blithfield on January 4, Chasewater on March 1 , 3 , 4 , 1 6 to 19, 27 and 30, Belvide on March 27, Westport on March 4, 5 (two), 6, 8 (new adult and f i rst-winter) and 31 and Apri l 2 , 9 and 11 (two). On return, noted at Rudyard on August 9 (juvenile), Branston on September 15 (immature), Belvide and Westport (second-winter) on November 22 and Blithfield on December 29.

1985 Corrigendum

The bird at Larford was seen on March 14 not February 14.

Sandwich Tern One at Kingsbury on September 18. One at Westwood on June 10, w i th another at Larford on September 5.

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Staffs Three f lew south-west along the Trent at Branston on April 19, followed by two on August 28. One called at dusk at Belvide on September 17.

Roseate Tern Warks One at Kingsbury on May 12 JAA. This was the seventh county and

sixteenth regional record.

Common Tern Average: April 11 (2) to October 15 (2) Noted at Chasewater on Apri l 7, wi th a steady influx from Apri l 14 onwards. Most had left by September 25, but a late bird was seen at Chasewater on October 25.

Warks Two at Kingsbury on Apri l 18 were the first to return. Numbers there increased rapidly and at least 30 were present by mid-May. It was considered to be the best breeding season ever, as an estimated 20 pairs fledged 56 young and post-breeding flocks of up to 70 were commonplace. Good numbers were also seen at The Somers, wi th 20 on August 17. Up to six were regularly present at Alvecote, singles at Brandon and Earlswood and five at Draycote on September 12. The fol lowing day five were at Kingsbury with one, the last of the year, on September 18.

Worcs One to four noted at Bittell, Bredon's Hardwick, Larford, Upton Warren and Westwood on dates between Apri l 18 and September 16, wi th a maxima of 10 at Bredon's Hardwick on May 3 and a similar number at both Upton Warren and Westwood on August 20.

Staffs One pair raised two young at a site in the Trent Valley and another pair was present at a second site in the area. A pair again summered at Chasewater. The spring count at Blithfield peaked at 15 on June 14 and 15 and the highest autumn count was 21 at Belvide on August 20. Noted on passage at a further 11 sites.

W Mid One pair nested unsuccessfully at Meriden, believed to be the first breeding attempt in the county. At Sandwell Valley, a pair again summered, wi th a maximum of 10 on August 8. Two at Sutton Park on May 6 and also at Sheepwash U.P. on July 5 and September 19. Singles also recorded at Bittill Pools, Hampton-in-Arden and Walsall Arboretum.

Arct ic Tern Generally, a poor year, w i th the exception of the mid-August passage at Blithfield, part of large national tern movements during the month and at this t ime in particular.

Warks Two at Kingsbury on Apri l 19 ,10 there on 27, two on May 2 and one on May 21. Two at Alvecote on May 4. On June 7, a bird in the "portlandica,' plumage phase was seen at Kingsbury GMH, SMH, AK.

Worcs Only two records, three at Westwood on May 16 and one at Upton Warren on July 22.

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Staffs Spring passage was very poor after the first, an early bird, at Chasewater on April 9, w i th only four subsequent singles and five at Blithfield on May 5. Autumn passage peaked in mid-August wi th 21 at Blithfield on August 14 and nine there on August 23. One or two also noted at Belvide, Clay Mil ls and Westport. The autumn storm brought late birds to Chasewater (adult on October 17 and immature October 24 to 29) and Belvide (adult October 15 to 22 and immature October 18 to 23).

W Mid A lone bird at Sandwell Valley on August 19.

'Commie' Tern W Mid One at Sandwell Valley on October 1.

Half-monthly summated totals of Common, Arctic and Black Terns at all localities, excluding Kingsbury breeding birds:

A 1 2

M 1 2

J 1 2 1

J 2 1

A 2 1

s 2

0 1 2

Common 2 12 22 20 35 36 27 20 32 47 37 5 Arctic 1 14 12 4 1 1 3 4 3 29 1 1 1 4 Black — 122 28 11 1 — — 2 7 12 10 37 — 2

Little Tern A good spring passage but only two birds later in the year.

Warks Two at Coton on Apri l 22. One at Kingsbury from May 14 to 16, two there on June 1 and one on 15. In autumn, one at Brandon on September 20.

Worcs One at Upton Warren on April 19. Staffs Singles recorded at Branston on Apri l 26, Belvide on May 2 and 31,

Westport on May 5 and Chasewater on May 11 and June 2. Two at Blithfield on June 8 and one at Belvide on July 18.

Whiskered Tern Warks A highly mobile bird ranged over much of Kingsbury Water Park through

the afternoon of May 18 JKH, EGP, ICWetal. This was the third county and f i f th regional record and the first since one at Kingsbury on May 25 1976.

Black Tern The notable incursion on April 28, associated wi th southerly winds, was on a national basis and over 100 were seen in the Region. However, w i th the exception of this incursion and the Draycote flock of 22, spring and autumn passage was rather thin.

Warks Two at Coton on April 19 wi th four on 25 and six at Great Packington on Apri l 28. 14 at Alvecote on May 14 was the largest party in spring. Two at Coton from May 12 to 16 were also seen at Kingsbury. One at

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Seeswood Pool on May 24. Return passage at Coton and Kingsbury was limited to singles on August 23 and September 18 to 20 and two on August 31. At Draycote, singles were present on August 22 and 23, and on the morning of September 19, a flock of 22 were seen to depart, though 12 there later could have been part of the same group.

Worcs In spring, f irst recorded at Larford on Apri l 21, w i th further parties of one to three birds at Bredon's Hardwick and Upton Warren. Autumn passage noted at Bittell, Bredon's Hardwick and Upton Warren wi th a late juvenile at the last locality between October 27 and 29.

Staffs After the first two at Chasewater on Apri l 17,there was a good influx on Apri l 28 w i th 49 at Blithfield, 24 at Belvide and 13 at Chasewater. Otherwise, spring numbers were small, apart f rom 10 at Belvide on Apri l 25. Au tumn passage was also rather sparse, wi th a maximum of six at Blithfield on September 18. Small numbers were recorded from Branston, Elford, Tittesworth and Westport. A late bird was at Belvide from October 19 to 21.

W Mid 11 together at Sandwell Valley on April 28 with singles on May 25 and August 14. Singles also at Edgbaston Reservoir on September 1 and Sheepwash U.P. on May 24.

Little Auk Particularly large numbers on the east coast during late October, November and December no doubt account for these records. One was found dead, beneath wires, at Chadbury on December 7 DW and a second bird, picked up in Malvern on the same date died, in transit to the coast, the following day DCW. A freshly dead bird was found on the ice by the weir at Belvide on December 9 perKA. The corpse was passed on to the Hanley Museum.

Feral Pigeon No records received. No records received. Around 12 in the Elford area throughout the year and 50 at Needwood Airf ield in December were the only records received. Up to eight pairs in Knowle Village. The only count was of 200 at Walsall Town Centre.

Stock Dove Warks True breeding status unknown, wi th records from only Ladywalk and

The Somers. 60 at Great Packington in February and up to 36 in October at Ladywalk.

Worcs No change in breeding status reported. Highest count of 360 at Throckmorton on March 30.

Staffs 70 at Blithfield on January 18,26 at Belvide on November 22 and a good autumn build up at Needwood Airfield wi th 15 on October 10, 30 on November 20 and 150 on December 20.

Worcs

Staffs

Warks Worcs Staffs

W Mid

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W Mid The only records were two at Hayhead Wood, eight at Park Lime Pits and four at Wil lenhall Sewage Farm. Also resident in the Sandwell Valley.

Wood Pigeon Warks 1500 at Farnborough on December 15 and up to 2000 at Great

Packington in both winter periods. Worcs The largest flocks reported were of 970 at Bredon and 400 at Holt in

January, 500 at Larford and Upton Warren in February and 300 at Grimley in April.

Staffs 2000 roosted in Catton Wood in January, after feeding on rape nearby, 1050 at Heath Hayes in open fields on January 3, 500 near Gailey on February 24 and 600 roosted at Blithfield on December 8. 110 f lew south-west over Burton-on-Trent on November 18. Transect counts in the Needwood Airfield area showed this species to be observed about three times as frequently as Stock Dove.

W Mid Slight decrease in numbers noted from Sutton Park. 500 at Park Lime Pits on January 10 and 139 at Willenhall during the first winter period.

Collared Dove Warks Well distributed throughout the county. 30 near Kingsbury in October

and 40 at Whately in December were the largest flocks noted, wi th other uncounted flocks at Coleshill and Middleton.

Worcs Remains widespread and common wi th no flocks or change in status reported.

Staffs 74 feeding on farmland near Coven on September 25 and 29 at Branston on November 3. Considered very numerous in the Branston-Tatenhi l l -Anslow area. A pair attempted mating on a cold misty day in mid-January at Biddulph - no wonder the species is so widespreadl

W Mid Bred at Park Lime Pits, Sandwell Valley, Sutton Park and Wil lenhall Memorial Park and displaying birds seen over Wednesfield.

Turtle Dove Average: April 25 (52) to September 23 (52) Arrived in small numbers from Apri l 21 onwards. Last noted at Stapenhill on September 18.

Warks Two pairs at Alvecote, five at Bentley and four at Ladywalk. Others were present in suitable breeding areas at Bedworth, Devitts Green, l lmington, Kingsbury Water Park, Kingsbury Wood, and Wasperton, where eight were seen on July 25. At Alvecote, 12 were perched on wires on August 29.

Worcs Reported from 20 localities with no apparent further decline in status this year. Three singing males at Lower Moor and up to 15 singing in the Malvern area.

Staffs Three juveniles, wi th an adult, noted at Brackenhurst. Singing males at Aqualate, Leamonsley and Loynton Moss (five). Also seen at Belvide, Branston, Croxall, Elford, Hollybush Lake, Newborough and Stretton.

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W Mid Singles at Sandwell Valley and Clayhanger on May 17.

Cuckoo Average: April 11 (51) to September 6 (50). First noted at North Hill on April 17 and last recorded there and Sandwell Valley on September 7.

Warks Noted at nine sites, wi th a juvenile seen at Kingsbury on July 18. Worcs Noted at 19 localities, wi th 23 in song along the Malverns. On July 29, a

recently fledged juvenile, on allotments at Redditch, was being fed by Dunnocks, Great Tits, and a Robin.

Staffs Noted at 18 sites. Up to eight were noted on the moors wi th good numbers elsewhere.

W Mid Noted from Brierley Hill Pools, Clayhanger, Hall Green, Meriden, Park Lime Pits, Sheepwash U.P. and Sutton Park. Heard regularly in the Sandwell Valley with a juvenile present during July and August.

Barn O w l Warks Sadly, very little improvement on recent years. Recorded from

Packington and Warwick in winter, Coughton in summer and near Curdworth throughout the year.

Worcs Breeding season reports from Ipsley Alders, and a locality in the south of the county. Noted outside the breeding season at Holt, Larford, near Worcester, Wilden, and Upton Warren.

Staffs No confirmed breeding records, but two pairs were present in June at Aqualate and seen regularly there throughout the year. Breeding also suspected at Gnosall and in the Ashwood-Gothersley Brook area. Isolated breeding season records from Ranton Abbey and near Rugeley. Reported outside the breeding season from only a further five localities, all in the southern half of the county, apart f rom one at Barlaston on February 23.

Little Owl Warks Reported from 26 sites, wi th all but five in northern areas. This slight

decrease on 1986 was noted specifically at Packington, wi th numbers down from at least 10 to six pairs.

Worcs Noted at 24 localities. Rather uncommon around Malvern. Staffs Breeding proved at Beech and near Doxey, wi th two pairs throughout

the summer at Belvide and six territories in the Needwood Airfield area. Breeding season reports from a further 11 localities. Outside the breeding season, there were records from an additional nine sites.

W Mid Pairs bred at Park Lime Pits and Sandwell Valley. Recorded elsewhere from Barston, Brierley Hill Pools, Clayhanger, Coundon Wedge, Coventry and Meriden.

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Tawny O w l Warks Breeding season records from seven localities, wi th confirmed

breeding at Fillongley (two pairs) and Packington (one pair). Worcs Breeding confirmed at Alfrick, Leigh Church, Ribbesford, Throckmorton,

and Wells Common. Reported from a further 22 well scattered localities.

Staffs Confirmed breeding at Beech, Belvide and Lichfield Cathedral grounds. Reported f rom a further 18 localities in the breeding season w i th seven pairs estimated on the Chillington Estate. Reported outside the breeding season from an additional 17 localities, although 10of.these were from the same observer - doubtless under reported.

W Mid Recorded from Coundon Wedge, Edgbaston, Fordhouses, Great Barr, Moseley, Northfield, Sandwell Valley, Solihull, Sutton Park and Tile Hill.

Long-eared O w l The relatively good numbers in the first winter period was associated wi th a Continental incursion during early January. One near Kingsbury from February 8 to April 21. Two remained at Bittell f rom January 4 until March 25, wi th one until Apri l 2. An analysis of their pellets revealed that they were feeding almost exclusively on Field Voles. An adult male was picked up, injured, at the side of the road, near Stakenbridge, on July 19. It was taken into care and made a full recovery, before being released two months later. JJD. Bred successfully on Cannock Chase. One pair at Coombes Valley and another pair seen regularly at a site on the moors. Outside the breeding season, one in a park at Boltongate, near Longton, on January 18, one seen often at Chasewater between January 25 and March 19, two roosted in an overgrown lane near Whiston during January and February and another at Anson's Bank on March 3. At Park Hall, reported only on January 18 (two) and 27 but known to be present for most of January, at least. A long-stayer in the Sandwell Valley from at least January 14 until March 10. One at Wil lenhall f rom March 8 to 12, wi th possibly two together at a later date.

Short-eared Owl Although not as good as 1986, still fairly widespread in both winter periods.

Warks Numbers were not as impressive as last year, but regularly present again in the Tame Valley. One or two were seen intermittently at Lea Marston and occasionally at Kingsbury from January 1 to Apri l 12, wi th four believed to be present on January 18. One was also at Kingsbury on the unusual dates of May 30 and 31. At Brandon, one regularly from January 15 to March 4, and at Ladywalk, one was seen on several dates f rom March 20 to Apri l 27. In autumn, present at Lea Marston from

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Staffs

W Mid

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October 3 unti l the year end, w i th two on November 1 and December 5. Worcs Singles near Pixham on September 8, at Upton Warren on November

27, and from December 5 to 9, and at Castlemorton Common on November 29.

Staffs The only suggestion of breeding was a bird at Upper Fleet Green on July 10. In the first winter period, singles noted at Aqualate on January 19, Doxey on March 13 and 19 and Swallow Moss on February 1 and March 14. Evidence of spring passage in early April, wi th one flying north-west over Blithfield on April 3, singles at Croxall and Sheepwalk on Apri l 5 and five at Middle Hills on Apri l 12. Only three singles in autumn, at Elford on October 10, Blithfield on November 24 and Doxey on November 27.

W Mid Singles at Sheepwash U.P. on March 14 and again from November 2 unti l 13.

Nightjar Average: May 15 (47) to August 27 (34). A late arrival, first noted at Fairoak on May 27 but no last dates received.

Worcs One flushed from pines at Trench Wood on June 1 PFR Staffs Very few records this year, w i th one at Katyn Memorial and six nest

sites in the Brocton/Sherbrook Valley area only. No records were received f rom Brindley Heath and there was a total absence from Kinver.

S w i f t Average: April 23 (53) to September 24 (53). First arrival, on April 19, at Shatterford. Most had left by mid-August and last noted at Blithfield and Little Comberton on September 12.

Warks Bred in New Arley, Old Arley and Lillington in good numbers, wi th 50 to 60 birds seen at each site. The only notable gathering was an estimated 1000 at Coton, following heavy rain, on June 6.

Worcs Over 100 at Pirton Pool, and 150 at Westwood on May 17, wi th 300 at Upton Warren on May 22. Numbers built up again at the end of July, w i th over 500 estimated at Upton Warren on July 24, and 160 at Bittell on July 31. Main departure was before mid-August, wi th 80 at Bittell on August 11 the last report of any sizeable gathering.

Staffs Good spring counts, but numbers reduced rapidly in August. Maximum counts of note were well over 2000 at Belvide on May 17 and 2000 at Blithfield on June 7.

W Mid Up to 300 at Sandwell Valley during June was the only record of note.

Kingfisher Warks Reported from 19 sites, wi th breeding season records from Brandon,

Compton Verney, Earlswood, Kenilworth, Kingsbury, Ladywalk, Packington, Shrewley and Stratford.

Worcs Noted at 21 sites, wi th breeding season reports from Beoley Mil l Pool,

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Bredons Hardwick, Camp Weir, Larford, Lower Moor, Westwood, and Wilden. Noted only in autumn at Bittell, where it also bred.

Staffs Bred at Elford (two pairs raised five juveniles) and probably near Belvide. Reported from May to July at Blithfield, Chillington, Fradley Junction, Tittesworth, Trentham Lake and Westport w i th reports outside this period from a further 15 localities.

W Mid Two pairs bred at Walsall Arboretum. Other sightings from Barston, Brierley Hill Pools, Knowle, Park Lime Pits, Sandwell Valley, Stubbers Green, Sutton Coldfield, Sutton Park and Trittiford Park. A bird was seen in fl ight at Spaghetti Junction on October 27. ,

Hoopoe The Apri l record was part of an influx of this species in the latter part of the month and it is likely that the other two records were part of that earlier influx.

Warks One on the power station site at Hams Hall on Apri l 24 was the first record for that area MEG.

Worcs One at Wilden on May 31, wi th the same bird at Hartlebury Common on June 14 IRM.

W Mid One seen in a garden at Whoberley Avenue, Coventry on June 18 MDP.

Wryneck The Apri l records, like Hoopoe, reflect a small national influx during this month. The June bird is most likely to be a hangover from then although a few were found in the country in May. The one in September coincided w i th the start of easterly winds.

Warks One at Ladywalk on April 17 was a first for the reserve MEG. Worcs One in a garden at Redditch on Apri l 24. CBL. One At Arrow Valley Lake

on June 5. LC. W Mid One in a Northfield garden on Apri l 20 DF wi th another on September

15 in a garden at Knowle DN. Green Woodpecker

Warks Reported from nine localities in the breeding season, wi th the only confirmed breeding coming from two pairs at The Somers. At Ladywalk, on December 21, one was taken, after a long struggle, by a male Sparrowhawk.

Worcs Noted at 34 localities, wi th up to seven together in Happy Valley in October.

Staffs Reported from 34 localities. No confirmed nesting records submitted but probably bred near Elford and Brocton Quarry and noted in the breeding season at a further 18 localities. Largest numbers reported were six in the Oldacre Valley on November 1 and five at Chasewater on January 23. Apparently the scarcest Woodpecker in the Needwood Forest area.

W Mid Bred at Sandwell Valley and in Sutton Park. Also recorded at Brierley

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Hill Pools, Coundon Wedge, Meriden, Park Lime Pits, Sutton Coldfield and Walsall Arboretum.

Great Spot ted Woodpecker Warks Reported from only 12 localities in the breeding season w i th confirmed

breeding at Alvecote, Dordon, Exhall, Packington, The Somers and Whitacre Heath.

Worcs Noted at 28 localities. 17 pairs along the Malverns, compared with 15 in 1986.

Staffs Reported from 33 localities, wi th breeding confirmed at Beech, Beech Dale, Belvide, Fradley, Hamps Valley, Hopwas (two pairs) and Knypersley. Breeding season reports from a further 13 localities. Suggestion of an influx in the Needwood Airfield area from September 13 to 21, with three flying south on the last date.

W Mid Breeding confirmed at Brierley Hill Pools, Dudley Zoo, Lickey Hills (seven pairs). Park Lime Pits, St Margaret's Hospital Grounds, Sandwell Valley, Sutton Park and Wil lenhall Memorial Park. Noted as an occasional garden visitor.

Lesser Spot ted Woodpecker The comment from West Mids sums it up.

Warks Reported from nine localities, wi th breeding confirmed at Shawbury (three flying juveniles). Breeding season records from Coombe, Fillongley, Little Packington, Great Packington (three pairs) and Wappenbury Wood.

Worcs Noted at 22 localities. Considered to be decreasing in the south of the county PFW.

Staffs Reported from only 15 localities (25 in 1986). Breeding proved only at Beech Dale but at least three pairs, in summer, at nearby Hanchurch Hills. Other breeding season records from Belvide, Blithfield, Brakenhurst, Cockley Wood, Coombes Valley, Seven Springs, River Swarbourn and Yoxall Park.

W Mid The only record was of one in West Smethwick Park. Now absent from Sandwell Valley. Is it declining or under-recorded?

Skylark Warks No breeding information received. Maxima of 160 at Draycote on

January 24 and 100 at Wasperton on November 7. Worcs A small hard weather movement noted over Guarlford, wi th 58 moving

south-west on January 11. The largest winter flocks were 120 at Holt on January 11,73 at Larford on January 15, and 80 at Throckmorton on February 1. Autumn passage movements were noted on October 24 over both Little Comberton, where 24 f lew south-east, and Raggedstone Hill, where 40 f lew south. Few late autumn flocks noted, wi th 35 at Wickhamford on November 1, the largest reported.

Staffs Winter flock of 46 at Chasewater on January 18. A spring gathering of

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116 at Triangle on March 8 and a passage of 22 over Westport on March 18. Twelve f lew over Belvide on October 10, where numbers were reported to be generally low. Autumn flocks of 150 at Needwood Airf ield on October 4, dropping to under five in late December. At least 60 at Blithfield on November 3 and 40 at Hixon on November 15.

W Mid Breeding densities were found to be below average on the Hawkhurst Moor Farm Mine Site, Berkswell w i th 6 pairs in 81 has. This represents 7.4prs/100has. cf. national densities, assessed in 1982, of 10.9prs/100has. This is, in part, due to the dense crop of oil seed rape and pairs were breeding in areas where the crop had failed SWST. Also bred at Sandwell Valley, Sheepwash U.P. and Sutton Park. Notable autumn movement through the Sandwell Valley.

Shore Lark Worcs One at North Hill, Malvern from March 31 to Apri l 180P, MJI. This was

the second county record and only the third definite record this century. The previous record was in January 1920, also at Malvern.

Sand Mart in Average: March 23 (52) to October 9 (52). First noted at Larford on March 26 and a late record of one at Brierley Hill Pools on October 26. Generally, numbers appear to be recovering.

Warks Breeding in the Tame Valley was hampered by at least three heavy floods, but 20 pairs eventually produced young. 100 at Coton on April 20 was the largest flock reported. Outside the Tame Valley, 25 at The Somers on August 28 no doubt originated from the Cornets End Lane Quarry in W Mid area.

Worcs Breeding noted near Arley (seven pairs), at Bredons Hardwick (36 pairs). Holt (six pairs), and at Lower Moor (40 pairs). Largest spring concentrations were 52 at Westwood on April 11, and 60 at Wilden on May 2.

Staffs Spring passage numbers were well up on last year. Nesting was noted at Barton (63), Branston (20), near Chasewater (110), and two colonies along the River Dove, wi th up to 80 pairs in total.

W Mid Improved numbers at the Cornets End Lane quarry, Meriden (though no counts)—see additional information below. Better numbers in the Sandwell Valley cf. 1986, wi th up to 65 daily in early Apri l and a maximum of 75 on May 11. Smaller numbers at Brierley Hill Pools.

The table opposite gives the numbers of newSand Martins caught each year and the number of visits. It should be remembered that the number ringed wi l l not necessarily be proportional to the size of the colony as it excludes birds recaught from previous years; weather conditions and the actual size of the colony affect the catch. Nevertheless, it fairly reasonably confirms the observed (i.e. National trend) of approximated static numbers until 1983 and then a sudden decline. PI.

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Sand Martins Ringed at Cornets End:

YEAR No. Ringed No. of Visits

1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986

570 1 8 6

176 251 463 358 142 308

73 89 74

1 0 6

4 5 5 4 3 3 2 3 2 2 1987 to 10.7.87

'B i rds in 1976 and 1977 were caught at both the colony and a roost at a reed bed on the s i t e—now unfortunately filled in.

Swal low Average: April 1 (53) to November 3 (53). Noted at Packington and Westwood on March 28. Most had left by late October, but one was still present at Broadway until November 14.

Warks In spring, flocks of 100 at Coton and 70 at Seeswood Pool on April 20. In autumn, up to 200 were regular at many sites in the north but these were eclipsed by roosting numbers at Brandon, where 1500 were present in late August, increasing to 2500 on September 13. The fol lowing day an estimated 1350 remained and then numbers gradually tailed away over the fol lowing 10 days. A leucistic bird was present at Lea Marston on August 23 ARD.

Worcs Largest spring flocks were 60 at Upton Warren on May 12 and 40 at Bredon's Hardwick on May 18. Autumn maxima were 210 at Broadway on October 5 and 90 at Castlemorton Common on September 16.

Staffs A spring count of 400 at Belvide on May 3. The roost at Ford Green fell dramatically in numbers but then a roost of up to 15000 was found at Trent Vale in mid-September.

W Mid Up to 50 noted at Sandwell Valley in both spring and autumn passage.

House Mart in A verage: April 8 (53) to November 1 (53). Arrived early at Upton Warren on March 27 and finally noted on November 11 at Upton Snodsbury.

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WMid

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WMid

Warks

Only one or two scattered breeding records received. Largest numbers were recorded in August and early September wi th 150 at Alvecote and 200 at Bedworth Woodlands on August 23, 250 at Lea Marston on 29 and 200 at Packington on September 5. Maxima in spring were 100 at Larford on May 12, 250 at Westwood on May 17, and 120 at Bittell on June 7. In autumn, the largest concentrations were 300 at Larford on September 10, over 300 at Upton Warren at the end of August, and 150 at British Camp Reservoir on September 16. Better spring counts w i th 500 at Blithfield in early June and 220 at Westport on June 5. Au tumn counts were down on last year, w i th the largest counts being 250 at Blithfield on August 8 and 300 at Canwell on September 15. At Hanchurch water tower, 21 nests were counted. Maxima of 250 at Sandwell Valley on June 9.

Tree Pipit Average: April8 (50) to September 20 (48). First noted at Malvern on Apri l 4 and, finally, at North Hill on the early date of September 8. Breeding season records from Bentley Park, Wood End and Wooton Wawen. Passage birds were recorded at Earlswood, Great Packington, Kenilworth and Middleton. 64 singing along the Malverns, compared to 53 in 1986. Elsewhere, singing birds noted at Atch Lench Wood, Bredon Hill, Church Lench, Clent, Devils Spittleful, Lickey Hills, Ribbesford, and Wyre Forest. Recorded on spring passage at Oakley, Upton Warren, and Windmil l Hill, wi th returning birds at Bittell, Church Lench, and Upton Warren. Singing males at Cannock Chase, where up to 80 were noted in the whole Brocton/Sherbrook Valley area, Consall, Dovedale, Fenton, Hopwas, Kingsley Banks, Lower Garston Rocks and Swallow Moss. Noted on passage at Belvide, Chasewater, Codsall, Golden Hill Golf Course, Hanchurch, Highgate Common, Maer and Westport. Two pairs recorded from Sutton Park. Singles noted at Clayhanger and Sheepwash U P. Two to three at Sandwell Valley during Apri l and May and again on September 6.

Meadow Pipit Notable passage in late March and early April and particularly strong on the 5th. A scarce breeding species in the county wi th only one or two pairs at Kingsbury, this year. A noticeable movement occurred on Apri l 5 wi th 150 moving north over Kingsbury and a heavy presence noted elsewhere in the Tame Valley. Elsewhere, most obvious in late March

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wi th 55 at Brandon and 85 at Kingsbury on 25 and 25 at Arley on 29. Few in autumn, wi th 30 at Little Packington on October 5 the only record.

Worcs Singing males recorded at Bredon Hill, Castlemorton Common (nine), Hollybed Common (five), Malvern Hills (35), and at Wells Common. Largest concentrations on spring passage were 81 at Wilden on Apri l 5, and 45 on North Hill, Malvern on Apri l 6. In autumn, numbers on Malvern peaked at over 100 at British Camp on September 22, whilst elsewhere 150 were at Upton Warren on October 14, and 50 at Larford on November 10. Smaller numbers wintered, wi th 52 roosting at Upton Warren on February 22.

Staffs Less than five pairs nested at Chasewater, probably as a result of increased planting of the heathland ARMB. Spring passage flocks of at least 50 at Borrowpit Lake on March 30 ,100 at Belvide on April 1 ,60 at Gun Hill, 75 at Folly Hall and 40 at Blithfield, all on April 5. Autumn passage flocks of 80 at Needwood Airf ield on September 26 and October 4, 105 roosting in calluna on Gun Hill on September 29, 35 at Belvide on October 4 and 20 at Westport on November 7, rising to 35 on the 10th.

W Mid Bred at Bartley, Sandwell Valley, Sheepwash U.P. and Sutton Park. One sang over a Wil lenhal l housing estate on June 16 wi th no apparent habitat. Large passage noted between Apri l 2 and 6, wi th up to 200 birds in the Sandwell Valley, and a smaller passage there in the autumn. Recorded in smaller numbers at Brierley Hill Pools, Knowle and Sutton Park.

Rock Pipit Warks Singles at Draycote on September 26, October 3 and November 12 and

at Earlswood on September 29. Worcs One paused briefly at Upton Warren on October 19, before flying off in a

southerly direction. Staffs One at Blithfield on September 29, two at Belvide on October 5, one at

Westport on November 5 and up to two at Blithfield from November 1 to December 13. One at Chasewater from March 13 to 26 showed the characteristics of the Scandinavian race littoralis GE, GIG. REH, PDHet at. Resembled Water Pipit more than A s . petrosus. Pale grey head and mantle w i th indistinct streaking, a pale eye-ring w i th a short creamy superci l ium. Wing bars were thin and less conspicuous than on Water Pipit. Tail, dark w i th buff outer-tai l feathers. The throat was dull wh i te and underparts pale buff w i t h darker streaking. Legs were a medium b rown /p ink not black. Call was a standard Rock Pipit 'weest' .

W Mid Singles at Sandwell Valley on February 24 and October 4 and at Sheepwash U.P. on October 30, a first for the locality. Two at Forge Mil l Pool between Apri l 3 and 5, showed characteristics of the Scandinavian race, littoralis AW.

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1983 Addendum Worcs One at Bredon's Hardwick on October 29 PFW.

Water Pipit Warks One at Lea Marston on January \OARD and possibly the same bird at

Coton from November 22 JAA, PDH to December 27 ARD. Worcs Up to five at Wilden from January 30 to March 29 REH, DJS, SMW, wi th

just one there from November 5 to the end of the year. PGG, SMW. One at Holt on Apri l 2 PGG.

W Mid One at Forge Mil l Pool, Sandwell was present amongst the large flock of Meadow Pipits, from April 3 to 5 PAF. TCH. PMH, AJK.

Yel low Wagtai l Average: April2 (51) to October 11 (51). Arrived on Apri l 5 at Coton and Sandwell Valley. Last noted at Draycote on October 19.

Warks Very little breeding information reported, wi th pairs at Alvecote (three), Kingsbury (one) and The Somers (three). Notable spring concentrations were 50 at Coton on Apri l 22 and also at Draycote on Apri l 17. In autumn, 30 at Kingsbury on August 13 and 100 at Draycote on September 11.

Worcs Breeding records from Bredons Hardwick, Upton Warren, and Wythall. Very poor spring passage, the largest flock noted being just 12 at Bredons Hardwick on Apri l 23.

Staffs Breeding noted at Belvide, Chasewater, Curborough, Dunston, Needwood Airfield, near Stone and Tittesworth, wi th possible nesting at Aqualate and Fradley. Very few passage flocks wi th 100 at Belvide on May 2 and 50 at Blithfield on August 16 being the only sizable counts.

W Mid Successfully bred at Meriden wi th probable breeding at Bartley and Sandwell Valley; birds present at Sandwell from April 5 to September 15, w i th a maximum of 24 on Apri l 20 and 21. In autumn, over 20 were noted at Sheepwash U.P.

Birds showing characteristics of the 'blue-headed' races were recorded as follows:

Warks Two at Draycote on April 17 SDN. Staffs A pale-throated and pale-cheeked male intergrade at Chasewater on

Apri l 17 CM. Probably this individual and a male wi th less whi te on the throat associated with two females wi th pale superciliums and greyish napes on May 9 GE; one pair of these on 11 GE and a male on 15 PPN and 20 GE. Four 'dilutes' and one female flava at Needwood in mid-July DIMW.

W Mid A male at Bradnock's Marsh on May 3 NDG.

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Warks

Worcs

Staffs

W Mid

Warks

Worcs

Staffs

W Mid

Warks

Worcs

Grey Wagtai l Probably bred at Arley, Earlswood, near Nuneaton and Wooton Wawen. Recorded from 10 sites outside the breeding season. A party of six at Earlswood on September 29 contained at least two juveniles. Bred at The Knapp Reserve, wi th breeding season reports from the Wyre Forest. Noted at 13 localities outside the breeding season. Breeding season records from Barlaston, Belvide, Betley, Consall Forge, Deep Hayes, Dovedale, Keele, Tittesworth, Trentham Gardens, Upper Hulme, and Wetton Mill. Mainly single birds reported outside the breeding season from 23 localities, with a maximum of five at Belvide on September 20. Bred at Sutton Park, wi th records from a further 15 sites.

Pied Wagtai l Bred at Alvecote, Arley, and Great Packington. Most large numbers related to roosts, wi th 100 at Bedworth Nook in September, 140 at Hartshill in October and 75 at Dordon in November. 57 at Draycote on March 15 were probably moving through. A gathering of 51 at Bredons Hardwick on March 8. Later in the year maxima were 43 on a ploughed field at Kempsey, on October 14, 50 at Bredons Hardwick on October 17, 250 roosting at Upton Warren on November 11, and over 50 roosting at Golden Valley Pool on November 22. The fol lowing flocks were noted: 26 at Codsall Middle School on February 18, 18 at Chasewater on March 31, 15 at Hollybush Lake in August/September, 30 at Betley in early October, 56 at Westport on October 7 and 15 in Tamworth Castle grounds on October 13. The only record of note was an extraordinary 529 at Sheepwash U.P. on October 27, during heavy rain.

White Wagtail A good spring passage throughout the region. Recorded in the Kingsbury area from March 29 to May 3, wi th a peak between Apri l 20 and 23 when up to 28 were present at Coton on 21. Elsewhere, there were singles at Brandon on April 18 and at Draycote on April 5 and 15 wi th two there on April 11. A good spring passage commenced wi th two at Larford on April 6. One at Westwood on April 11. One at Upton Warren on April 13, two on 19, and singles on April 20,27, May 3, and 26. One at Bredons Hardwick on Apri l 17 was followed by 12 on Apri l 20, one on 21, five on 22, and one on May 2. One at Holt on Apri l 17, wi th two on 19. Finally, there was one

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autumn record, of a single at Upton Warren on September 4. Staffs Spring passage birds noted at Blithfield, w i th up to seven between Apri l

8 and Apri l 21, and one on May 29. A single remained at Westport from Apri l 15 to Apri l 21, w i th another on May 5. Four were seen at Barton on Apri l 20 and two at Belvide, also on the 20th. One on the outskirts of Newcastle from April 22 to April 26, one at Needwood Airfield on May 4, and one at Chasewater from May 11 to May 14.

W Mid Sandwell Valley had up to six between April 6 and June 20 and Sheepwash U.P. had up to four between April 18 and June 7.

Waxwing Staffs A n adult at Codsall from January 22 to 24 IM . SN, SJ. Two immatures at

Lichfield from February 12 LD to 28 ARMB, REH and one until March 4 GIG et al.

W Mid One seen in a Warley Garden on February 20, 21 and 27 RC, DS was probably the same bird feeding in Pitcairn Road, Oldbury on 20 and 23 and also at Beakes Road, Bearwood on 23 and 24 per RCB.

Worcs 1970 A ddendum Three feeding on viburnum berries at Little Comberton on December 31 PFW 1971 Addendum

One bird returned to Little Comberton between December 3 to 6 PFW.

Dipper

Worcs Two unsuccessful breeding attempts at the Knapp Reserve, but successful breeding on Leigh Brook near Hopton Court. Also noted in the breeding season on Dowles Brook. Noted in January on the River Severn at Bewdley.

Staffs Breeding season records from Coombes Valley, Danebridge, Dovedale, Froghall, Goldsitch Moss, Greens, Hinkley Wood near Nam, Knotbury, Oakamoor, Three Shires Head, and the River Churnet near Tittesworth. Seen outside the breeding season at Cheddleton, Danebridge, GibTorr, River Churnet near Tittesworth and Wetton Mill. A bird was seen on the River Sow at Shakey Bridge, Stafford on April 30.

W Mid Possible breeding at Belle Vale. One at Lutley Gutter from January to May 17. One at Sandwell Valley on September 1 was a first for the locality. Wren

Warks 16 pairs along the 2.25 mile section of disused railway, between Burton Green and Crackley Wood, Kenilworth SWST. Still thought to be present in good numbers at Earlswood, despite the bad weather of 1985 /86 .

Worcs 107 singing males counted in a study of the Malvern area. 37 pairs

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estimated on a CBC at Trench Wood. In January, six were found roosting in a House Martins nest at Little Comberton.

Staffs A count at Coombes Valley showed a recovery to 77 compared wi th a low of 38 in 1986. This was mirrored in a survey plot in the Needwood area where 27 birds were seen, compared with only three in 1986. Twelve pairs bred on the Hem Heath CBC plot, compared wi th 11 in 1986. A search of Belvide on December 24 resulted in 34 birds. At least ten singing birds were counted in two and half hours at Blithfield on March 31.

W Mid Breeding season records from RSPB Sandwell (four pairs), Sutton Park where seven were in song near the Four Oaks/Streetly area and Wil lenhall Memorial Park (two pairs). On the Hawkhurst Moor Farm Mine site, Berkswell, w i th 7 pairs in 81 has., breeding densities were found to be below average. This represents 8.6prs/1 OOhas. cf. national densities, assessed in 1982, of 11.6prs/has. and is probably a reflection of below average lengths of hedge SWST.

Dunnock Warks Four pairs noted along the 2.25 mile section of disused railway,

between Burton Green and Crackley Wood, Kenilworth SWST. Worcs Seven pairs on Castlemorton Common. Only three pairs recorded on

CBC study in Trench Wood. Staffs No significant records received. W Mid Breeding records from RSPB Sandwell (at least five pairs) and

Wil lenhal l Memorial Park (at least two pairs). On the Hawkhurst Moor Farm Mine Site, Berkswell, breeding densities were found to be above average, w i th 12prs in 81 has. This represents 14.8prs/100has. cf national densities, assessed in 1982, of 9 .4prs /100 has. SWST. With the lengths of hedgerow below average, the species is perhaps more adaptive than Wren and Robin.

Robin Warks 13 pairs noted along the 2.25 mile section of disused railway between

Burton Green and Crackley Wood, Kenilworth SWST. Otherwise, no change in status recorded.

Worcs 100 territorial males counted in the Malvern area. 37 pairs estimated in Trench Wood CBC.

Staffs Nine pairs bred at Hem Heath Wood, compared wi th eight in 1986. A bird was observed hanging from a peanut feeder in a garden in Biddulph. One showing features of the nominate race rubecuia was seen at Jackson's Bank on February 21 DIMW.

W Mid At least three pairs bred at RSPB Sandwell. Five pairs bred in Wil lenhall Memorial Park and at least eight young fledged. On the Hawkhurst Moor Farm Mine site, at Berkswell, breeding densities were found to be below average, wi th 9prs in 81 has. This represents 11.1 p rs /100 has.

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cf. national densities, assessed in 1982, of 12.7prs/100 has., and could be due to below average hedgerow lengths SWST.

Night ingale Average: April 19 (53) to August 6 (14) First noted at Malvern on April 18, wi th no records beyond mid-July.

Warks Present during the breeding season at only Bascote and Wellesbourne, w i th passage birds in a garden near Kenilworth on May 1 and at Lillington for a week in May.

Worcs Singing males at Atch Lench Wood, Old Hills Common (two), Pirton (two), Raggedstone Hill, Tiddesley Wood, Trench Wood (eight), Yeald Wood (two), and an undisclosed site in the south of the county (12).

Black Redstart Warks A pair bred at Hams Hall Power Station, being seen from June 19 to

September 24 SLC, MEG. BLK. Worcs A female at North Hill, Malvern on April 20 GHP, SMW. A

female/ immature at Oakley on October 25 to 26 REH. WFP. and another on Worcestershire Beacon, Malvern on November 2 GHP, SMW.

Staffs One pair bred at Rugeley Power Station, raising five or six young per FCG, GRH. A male sang at Burslem from May 28 SV throughout June DWE. One at Stretton from November 6 to 14 AJP. AST.

W Mid A good year, w i th eight confirmed breeding pairs, three probable pairs and a further seven singing males. Confirmed breeding from Deepfield Estate, Coseley, where one pair was seen with young on July 6 MJ. one pair at "The Longboat", Cambrian Wharf throughout RMN. one pair seen feeding young at the nest, at Western Road, Hockley JRW. one pair w i th at least three fledglings at Lawley Street (the young subsequently being ringed)/?/., one pair w i th fledglings at Ocker Hill Power Station on June 3 EP, a pair raised two broods at Rabone Lan eAJK and two pairs at Snow Hill Station, where an adult wi th two fledglings was seen on June 6 PAC, RMN, JRW. Probable breeding at Cheston Road, Aston (female and sub-adult) TCH, PAF, PMH. Ledsam Street NDG and Rotton Park Street, w i th a pair at the site throughout MS. Singing males reported from Bagot Street, TCH. Brasshouse Passage PAC. RMN, JRW. Charlotte Street PAC, Fazeley Street TCH, Lower Loveday Street PMH and Warwick Street in May PAF.

Worcs 1981 Addendum A male at Aston Mil l Pit on April 11 PFW.

Redstart Average: April 10 (51) to September 23 (50) Arrived early, at Malvern, on April 5. Most had left by late September, but there was one late individual at Fisherwick on October 15.

Warks No breeding information received. On passage, four ringed at Eathorpe

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on Apri l 22 was quite exceptional. One was also ringed at Stockton the previous day. In autumn, singles were at Alvecote on August 11, Bedworth, Claverdon on September 5 and Hams Hall on August 31 and September 30.

Worcs Singing males noted at Bredon Hill (five), Brockamin, Clent, Dowles Brook (12), Hanley Dingle, Lickey Hills, and along the Malvern Hills, where there were 26 compared wi th 31 in 1986. Passage birds noted at Abberton, Bredons Hardwick, Castlemorton, Throckmorton, Wick-hamford, and Upton Warren, where three individuals were noted in spring, and four in autumn.

Staffs Singing males at Blackbrook, Brocton/Sherbrook Valley (25), Cockley Wood (four), Consall (two), Coombes Valley (36), Dovedale (six), Dydon Wood (four), Nans Wood (three), and Tittesworth. Noted on passage at Blithfield, Codsall, Elford, Forton, Knypersley and Rudyard.

W Mid No breeding records. Passage birds noted at Clayhanger and Sandwell Valley in spring, wi th autumn records from Clayhanger, Brierley Hill Pools, Sandwell Valley (at least 10 birds) and Smethwick. An immature male was present in a Solihull garden on September 7.

Whinchat Average: April 23 (51) to October 5 (47) Recorded at Bittell and Bredons Hardwick from April 18. By September 26 most had left after a good passage throughout the month, but one was at Branston on October 20 and another at Draycote on the incredible date of November 29.

Warks Two pairs bred at Hams Hall Power Station. Also present at Brandon during the breeding season. In spring, recorded at Kingsbury on Apri l 25 and May 5 and again on return on July 18, September 3 and 22 (two) wi th other records coming from The Somers on September 13, Lea Marston on 19 and Brandon on 20.

Worcs Passage birds noted at Abberton, Arrow Valley Lake, Bredon Hill, Bredons Hardwick, Bittell, Castlemorton (maximum of 12 on September 15), Church Lench, Holt (maximum of seven on September 5), and Upton Warren.

Staffs Breeding only noted on Cannock Chase (seven pairs) and the moors (eight pairs). Only seen at nine localities on passage.

W Mid No breeding records. In spring noted at Clayhanger and Sandwell Valley, and in autumn at Park Lime Pits, Sandwell Valley (maximum of 21, September 2) and Sheepwash U.P. (a family party on September 1).

Stonechat Warks One at Lea Marston on September 28 was probably one of the pair

present there from November 8 to the end of the year. Worcs On the Malverns, there were singles at North Hill on January 9 to 10, at

Castlemorton Common on March 21, at British Camp on March 30, at

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North Hill on October 25, and at Hollybed Common on December 10. Elsewhere, the only record was of one at Holt on November 14 to 15.

Staffs Breeding season records included two pairs at Swallow Moss. A survey of the Brocton Fields/Sherbrook Valley areas of Cannock Chase, between Apri l and May, revealed two males and a female, all in areas at least one kilometre apart, giving a possibility of at least three pairs JPM. A later search of the Sherbrook Valley resulted in five nests being found JAB. The following birds were reported outside the breeding season: two immatures at Chasewater in late September to early October, a male at Belvide on October 7 and two unsexed birds on October 28, a male at Doxey on September 9 and a male and female between December 13 and December 30, a male at Blithfield on October 11, and finally a group of five by the Glacial Boulder area of the Chase on October 22, included two males.

W Mid Sandwell Valley had a female from October 15 to the year's end, wi th another bird at Sheepwash U P. at the same t ime where a loss of suitable habitat may affect wintering birds.

Wheatear Average: March 20 (50) to October 14(51) First noted at Drayton Bassett on March 19. One was still at Alvecote on October 17, followed by a very late record f rom Strensham on November 23. Noticeable peaks in late March, late April and late August /ear ly September.

Warks Records received from eight sites in spring, wi th a noticeable peak in mid-Apri l , when up to eight were at Kingsbury and four at Ladywalk. Away f rom the Tame Valley, birds were seen at Earlswood and Wasperton. In late summer and autumn, recorded at nine sites between July 26 and September 27 wi th birds at Bedworth Nook, Draycote, Earlswood, Lillington, The Somers and in the Tame Valley.

Worcs A pair bred on Bredon Hill, and probably also on The Malverns. Noted at 17 localities on passage, wi th maxima of six at Holt on March 29, six at Castlemorton Common on April 5, six on Bredon Hill on Apri l 26, four at Upton Warren on August 23, and 11 on North Hill, Malvern on September 4.

Staffs Nine pairs bred on the moors, wi th at least four broods fledged. Noted on passage at only nine localities, wi th 15 at Branston on April 23 being the most notable count.

W Mid Spring passage birds at Brierley Hill Pools, Park Lime Pits, Sandwell Valley (25, March 30), Sheepwash U.P. (10, April 26), w i th a single in Sutton Park. A juvenile at Sheepwash U P. may indicate local breeding. Light autumn passage, wi th maxima of 15 on September 2 in Sandwell Valley and seven at Sheepwash U P. on August 24. Brierley Hill Pools had singles during August.

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Birds showing characteristics of the Greenland race o.o. leucorrhoa were noted as follows:

Warks One at Kingsbury on May 10 and one at The Somers on April 17. W Mid One at Sandwell Valley on May 10.

Ring Ouzel

Average: April 1 (31) to October 21 (25) Noted from March 12 at Broadway, wi th strong spring and autumn passage on the Malverns. One still at Fishers Mill Bridge on November 5 wi th others in the Malverns to 14 and a very late bird there on 22.

Warks A female at Alvecote on May 3. Worcs An unusually strong passage in the North Hil l /Happy Valley area of

Malvern commenced wi th four on Apri l 2, increasing to six on Apri l 5. There was an influx of 13 on Apri l 17, decreasing to five on Apri l 18 and to two on Apri l 20. Five were again present on April 22, wi th three on 25 and finally one on Apri l 30. The first of the autumn were three on September 13, increasing to 13 on 17 and decreasing to one on September 19. A further 15 arrived on September 25, with three remaining until September 28. Six were new on October 3. 12 were present on October 26, followed by 10 on November 1 wi th three or four until November 8. The last birds were two on November 14 and one on November 22. Elsewhere, after one on Broadway Hill on March 12, there were two at Westwood on Apri l 5. One on Watton Hill on Apri l 11 to 14 and a single over Raggedstone Hill on Apri l 18. Two at Upton Warren on April 24. Two at British Camp on September 27.

Staffs Bred at seven sites on the moors, wi th young seen at Knotbury. Noted on passage at Codsall High School on October 2 and Hollybush Lake on October 24.

W Mid A male in the Sandwell Valley from Apri l 12 to 15, was joined by a female on Apri l 15. Hampton-in-Arden had a single on Apri l 17, wi th a

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male on a freshly seeded field at Park Lime Pits on April 26. It was eventually forced to flee, after being chased by a Blackbird for 30 minutes.

Fieldfare Average: October 1 (52) to May 1 (51) Last recorded on the late date of May 25, at Sandwell Valley and first recorded there, also, on September 30. Heavy numbers in autumn and the second winter period were also reflected nationally.

Warks In the first winter period sparsely reported wi th 70 at Alvecote in January and 200 at Lawford in February. A heavy movement occured throughout the Tame Valley in November wi th 1000 estimated at Kingsbury on 7 and up to 2000 on 8. Ladywalk held up to 750 throughout late November and December and 500 were still in the Alvecote area on December 31.

Worcs In the first winter period, the largest flocks were 200 at Bredons Hardwick on March 8, and 1900 in the Kempsey area on March 13, which included flocks of 1100 at Broomhall, 212 at Norton, and 600 at Pirton. In the second winter period, maxima of 650 at Bredons Hardwick on December 5, 400 at Upton Warren on December 20, 400 at Tibberton on December 25, and 1500 at Nafford on December 28.

Staffs A good scattering of flocks in excess of 100, wi th notable counts of 200 at Betley on February 14, 135 at Longnor on February 15, 150 at Stanley Pool on February 21,125 at King's Bromley on April 15 and 770 in the Newborough area in April. A bird was present until at least May 8, on the moors and appeared territorial. Autumn and second winter counts were considerably higher, w i th 250 at Stretton on November 8, 500 at Blithfield on November 15, 200 at Aqualate and 320 at Mil l Green on November 18, 200 at Rickerscote on November 24, 400 at Belvide on December 13, 1000 at Doxey in December, 400 at Kettlebrook on December 23 and 500 at Newborough in December.

W Mid Relatively scarce in the first winter and spring months, although late birds lingered in the Sandwell Valley until May 25; garden records came from Shirley and Sutton Coldfield in cold January weather. Widespread in the latter part of the year wi th the fol lowing maxima; 300 on pasture at Aldridge on December 26, 350 at Clayhanger on December 23, 50 f lying over Marston Green in November, 200 at Meriden on December 13, 50 at Park Lime Pits in November, 1500 at Sandwell Valley from mid-December and 55 in Sutton Park in November.

Blackbird 17 pairs noted along the 2.25 mile section of disused railway, between Burton Green and Crackley Wood, Kenilworth SWST. Otherwise, no change in status reported. Influx noted in Happy Valley, Malvern in October and November. The only records received were flocks of 40 at Belvide and 25 at Mil l

Warks

Worcs Staffs

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Green Park on January 16 and at least 20 by the Katyn Memorial on January 17.

WMid Few breeding records, although juveniles were seen in Sutton Park, despite heavy predation from Magpies. On the Hawkhurst Moor Farm Mine Site, Berkswell, breeding densities were found to be above average, wi th 26prs in 81 has. This represents 32prs/100has. cf. national densities, assessed in 1982, of 21.7prs/100has. SWST. Although hedgerow length was below average, the presence of much mature timber is obviously relevant. Winter influxes at Brierley Hill Pools (50 plus in November) and Wil lenhall Memorial Park (65, December 19). A male was heard singing at the 'Holiday Inn' in central Birmingham on January 23.

Song Thrush Warks Four pairs along the 2.25 mile long section of disused railway between

Burton Green and Crackley Wood, Kenilworth. SWST. Otherwise, no change in status noted.

Worcs An influx noted at Broadway on October 14. Up to 40 at Happy Valley, Malvern throughout October were considered to be migrants.

Staffs No significant records received. W Mid Bred at Wil lenhall Memorial Park (two to three pairs). At Sutton Park, a

decrease in numbers was attributed to increased Magpie predation. No pairs were found in the 81 has. of the Hawkhurst Moor Farm Mine Site, Berkswell, whereas national densities would suggest 5.6prs/100has. SWST.

Redwing Average: September 27 (53) to April 18 (52) Last seen at Sandwell Valley on April 14 and first reported at a number of localities on September 28. Relatively low numbers early in the year, but like Fieldfare, better sized flocks in the later months.

Warks As usual, much less obvious than Fieldfare. During the cold snap in January, the only record was of 55 at Draycote on 11. At the first hint of a thaw, 200 were near Brandon on January 15. As birds move through in spring, they often begin to sing and some were doing so in a flock of 150 at Great Packington on Apri l 4. There were few reports in the second winter period, wi th 50 at Alvecote and 100 at Lea Marston in December the only ones of note.

Worcs Much scarcer than Fieldfare in the first winter period, wi th 109 in the Kempsey/Norton area on March 13 the largest number reported. Improved numbers in the second winter period w i th maxima of 100 at Bredons Hardwick on December 5 ,600 at Upton Warren on December 20, 1000 at Tibberton on December 25, and 500 at Nafford on December 28.

Staffs Once again numbers were quite low, wi th notable counts of 50 at Belvide on January 10,51 at Keele on January 27 and 120 at Newcastle

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on Apri l 3. Counts in the second winter period were considerably higher wi th 350 at Blithfield on October 20, 125 over Burton upon Trent on October 25, 200 at Belvide on November 5 and 60 at Mil l Green on November 18.

W Mid Few records in the period from January to April, the most notable being 80 at Meriden on March 31. Garden records from Shirley and Sutton Coldfield between January and March. In December, 500 at Brierley Hill Pools on 19 and up to 500 at Sandwell in mid-month.

Mistle Thrush Warks No change in breeding status reported and the only sizable group was

25 at Freasley in September. Worcs The largest flocks reported were 42 on Bredon Hill on September 7 and

16 at Fladbury on September 11. Staffs Autumn flocks of 37 at Chasewater on August 11 and 22 at Anslow on

August 20. A bird was observed eating asparagus berries in a Stafford garden.

W Mid Breeding records from Sandwell Valley, Sheepwash U.P., Sutton Park and Wil lenhal l Memorial Park (three pairs). On the Hawkhurst Moor Farm Mine Site, Berkswell, breeding densities were found to be average, w i th 1pr in 81 has. This accords exactly wi th 1982 national densities, as derived from BTO information SWST. Notable concentrations included 14 at the Robin Hood Golf Course on June 25, 60 at Handsworth Golf Course from mid-September to November and 36 at Sheepwash U P. on September 9.

Cett i 's Warbler Worcs One at Upton Warren from September 3 to 26 REH. SMW et at.

Grasshopper Warbler Average: April 18 (51) to August 24 (41) First seen on Apri l 15 at Coton. One at Church Lench on September 20, was the latest. At least 78 reeling birds represents a very healthy improvement over 45 the previous year.

Warks The best year since 1982 in the Tame Valley, w i th many reeling birds, but only three reported elsewhere. Confirmed breeding from Eathorpe (one), Ladywalk (two) and Nuneaton (one). Reeling birds heard at Kingsbury (seven) and The Somers (one).

Worcs Reeling males noted at Abberton (three), Atch Lench Wood (five). Arrow Valley Lake, Beoley, Blackpole, Castlemorton Common (five). Church Lench Pool, Defford, Eckington, Elmley Castle, Little Comberton (three), Ipsley Alders (two). North Hill, Old Hills Common, Rous Lench Shortwood Roughs (five), Strensham, Throckmorton (two). Trench Wood, Upton Warren (five), and Weethley Wood (eight).

Staffs Reeling noted at Chasewater (two), Doxey, Ford Green, Fradley, Gib Torr, Greens (two). River Anker, Stretton, Tittesworth and Westport.

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W Mid Confirmed breeding on the West Midlands side of Chasewater, w i th a juvenile noted on June 12. Probably bred at Brownhil ls Nature Trail, where nest building was observed and Sandwell Valley, wi th possibly two pairs. Passage birds reeled at Clayhanger and Sutton Park.

Sedge Warbler Average: April 16(51) to September 29 (45) Present at Alvecote from Apri l 10. Last recorded at Upton Warren on October 8.

Warks Six pairs at Alvecote and estimates of between 30 and 50 pairs in the Kingsbury area. Eight pairs at Ladywalk and two at The Somers.

Worcs Records received from 11 localities, wi th the largest concentration of singing birds at Upton Warren (25), Wilden (eight), and Strensham (five). An unusual record was of one singing in a garden at Malvern on June 20.

Staffs Singing males present at Barton (two), Belvide (three), Betley, Chasewater (two), Croxall, Doxey, Fisherwick (three) and Westport (three). An impressive 102 were ringed at Betley.

W Mid Up to two pairs bred at Sandwell Valley, w i th young noted on July 17. One bird sang at Sheepwash U.P. from May to July but there was no proof of breeding. Passage birds noted Brierley Hill, Clayhanger and Meriden.

Marsh Warbler A verage arrival May 31 (37) Present in the Avon Valley from May 29 to July 24.

Warks One singing at Brandon on June 21 GIG, PDH. Worcs The decline continues. Just three pairs bred, plus one unpaired singing

male, all from the core area in the Avon Valley. SMW.

Reed Warbler Average: April 26 (47) to September 23 (41) Noted at Upton Warren from Apri l 21 to October 4. No consistent trend in breeding numbers observed.

Warks Breeding pairs were reported at Alvecote (five), Arbury (two), Kingsbury (nine), Ladywalk (20), Great Packington (two) and The Somers (two).

Worcs A survey of an approximately five kilometre stretch of the Droitwich Canal, f rom Briar Mil l to Porters Mill, revealed 44 territories. Elsewhere, singing birds reported from 12 localities, wi th eight at Upton Warren, and seven at Defford the largest concentrations.

Staffs Singing noted at Belvide (two), Betley (four), Chasewater (two), Chill ington (five), Doxey, Elford, Loynton Moss, Tixall (five) and Westport.

W Mid Up to four pairs bred at Brierley Hill Pools, wi th six singing males on May 24. Three pairs probably bred in Sandwell Valley. Sheepwash U.P. had a single during July and August.

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Lesser Whi tethroat Average: April22 (51) to September 20 (51) Arrived promptly at Upton Warren on Apri l 22. Last seen on September 24 at Kenilworth.

Warks A welcome increase in reports this year, wi th records from 12 sites. A further decrease noted in the Kingsbury area, however, wi th only five pairs. Elsewhere, mostly single pairs, but two at both Alvecote and Hams Hall. Two pairs along the 2.25 mile disused railway between Burton Green and Crackley Wood, Kenilworth. SWST.

Worcs Singing males recorded at 24 localities, wi th four pairs noted at both Upton Warren and Wilden.

Staffs A pair seen wi th one young, near Newborough. Only noted singing at seven other sites, involving eight birds.

W Mid Three singing birds at Brierley Hill Pools, two pairs at Berkswell and Park Lime Pits and five singing birds at Sandwell Valley, where at least one pair bred successfully. Passage birds at Bradnock's Marsh, Clayhanger, Knowle, Meriden, Sutton Park and unusually at Norman Road Brook, Warley during April.

Whitethroat Average: April 15 (53) to September 26 (53) Arrived early at Malvern on April 6. Most had left by mid-September but a particularly late one at Mil l Green on October 24. The general picture is of a much improved breeding population.

Warks Census work in the Tame Valley led to the conclusion that this was the best year since 1968. Between Lea Marston/Coton/Kingsbury and Middleton, an estimated 66 pairs were present JLA. DIL. At Hams Hall Power Station, 64 pairs were estimated, wi th seven on the Ladywalk Reserve per BLK. Elsewhere, two pairs at Alvecote, good numbers at Arley and presumed to have bred at Earlswood, Fillongley and Wooton Wawen. Two pairs along the 2.25 mile section of disused railway between Burton Green and Crackley Wood, Kenilworth SWST.

Worcs Considerable increase noted at Malvern, where 102 singing males were counted, compared to 75 in 1986. Elsewhere, singing males recorded at 25 localities.

Staffs Once again, noted at 12 sites during the summer, wi th breeding pairs noted at Apedale (13), Belvide (five), Brocton/Sherbrook Valley (nine), Chasewater (nine), Elford (six) and Mil l Green (six).

W Mid Breeding confirmed at Park Lime Pits (one pair), Sandwell Valley (eight to ten pairs) Sheepwash U.P. (at least one pair) and at Wall Heath where a family party of five was noted in late June. Singing birds at Brierley Hill Pools (four pairs assumed to have bred). Knowle and Lutley Gutter both had four birds, whilst Berkswell, Sutton Park and Sheldon had singles.

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Garden Warbler A verage: April 22 (50) to September 9 (49) First seen on Apri l 24 at Packington and Upton Warren. Most had left by mid-September but a very late bird was seen at Upton Warren on November 1.

Warks Breeding pairs or singing males reported from Alvecote (one), Earlswood (three), Kingsbury (12), Ladywalk (eight), Packington (at least four), and Wooton Wawen (four). Three pairs along the 2.25 mile section of disused railway between Burton Green and Crackley Wood, Kenilworth. SWST.

Worcs Singing males reported at 20 localities, wi th maxima of 27 holding territory in Trench Wood, and 53 along the Malvern Hills, representing a small increase on the previous year. Conversely, considered to have decreased at Bittell, where just one singing male present.

Staffs Present at 20 sites during the breeding season wi th numbers very much upon the last few years. Five singing birds at Brocton/Sherbrook Valley and Maer.

W Mid Probably bred by the River Blythe, Solihull where there were several singing birds during May and June. Pairs also present at Meriden, Reeves Green and Sandwell Valley. Elsewhere, spring passage birds at Brierley Hill Pools (two) and singles at Aldridge, Dudley, Hampton-in-Arden, Park Lime Pits and Wil lenhall Memorial Park. One in a Dudley garden on August 1.

Blackcap Average: April 4 (53) to October 8 (50) Noted on Apri l 5 in the Sandwell Valley. Several records up to mid-October and one at Lower Moor on October 26. One at Malvern on November 14 was probably a wintering individual. Generally, numbers down on last year, including wintering ones. Reports from only eight breeding areas, wi th little information on numbers present. Five pairs on a 2.25 mile section of disused railway, between Burton Green and Crackley Wood, Kenilworth. SWST. Winter ing birds seen at Kingsbury, Nuneaton (three) and The Somers. One in song at Nuneaton on December 20. Breeding season records from 26 localities, wi th a decrease noted in the Malvern area where there were 55 singing males, compared to 68 in 1986. 26 singing males were located at Trench. Recorded in the first winter period at Little Comberton (two), Malvern Link (two), Stourport, and West Hagley (two). In the second winter period noted at Abberton, Little Comberton, Larford, Malvern Link (two), Raggedstone Hill, Redditch, Stourport, and West Hagley (two). Noted at 16 sites during the breeding season, but numbers seemed slightly down on last year. Winter records were received from Chasewater on January 18, Walton-on-the-Hil l on March 4, Belvide, a pair on November 6 wi th the male still present on November 25, a male

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at Basford on November 18 and a female on December 22 and 26, Blithfield on November 22 and Streethay on December 7.

W Mid Bred at Sandwell Valley (at least nine pairs) and Willenhall Memorial Park (one). Probably bred at Park Lime Pits, Sutton Park and Wall Heath. Noted on passage at a further three sites. In winter, singles were noted at Brierley Hill Pools, Sandwell Valley and gardens at Dudley, Four Oaks, Knowle and Solihull.

Pallas's Warbler Worcs One, an immature, was located in a 'tit flock' at Westwood Park on

November 17 SMW. This constitutes the first county record. A small Goldcrest sized Phylloscopus warbler, w i th a short, f ine, grey bill. The bird was quite dumpy, w i th head going almost straight into body. Head had broad yel low supercil ia, two thick dark olive-grey lateral c rown stripes and a broad yel low central c rown stripe. Mant le and lower back dark olive-green. Dark coverts w i th both median and greater coverts having broad yel low tips forming two obvious w ing bars on each wing. Tertials were dark centered w i t h pale creamy-yel low fringes. Secondaries and tail olive, pr imaries dark. Eye dark. Bird hovered a few t imes showing broad, deep lemon-yel low rump band. Throat, upper breast, belly and undertai l coverts si lver-white throughout. Fast moving and highly active, the bird gave a shri l l "poo-ee" call once or twice.

Wood Warbler Average: April 21 (51) to August 18 (39) First recorded at Weymans Wood on Apri l 17. The only return passage record was one at Sandwell Valley on July 9.

Warks Only heard occasionally at Clowes Wood, in Apri l and on May 2, so presumably, no breeding records this year.

Worcs Singing males noted at Lickey Hills (three), Malvern Hills (33), Old Storridge, Pitcher Oak Wood (two), and Wyre Forest (14). One at Weymans Wood on 17 April may have been on passage.

Staffs Noted singing during the breeding season at Beaudesert, Blackbrook (six), Brocton/Sherbrook Valley (12), Coombes Valley (18, a record season), Drydon Wood (where eight fledged), near Froghall (two), Knypersley and Swallow Moss.

W Mid Few records received; reported on spring passage at Sandwell Valley in Apri l and May, Sutton Park in Apri l and Tile Hill Wood, Tile Hill (undated).

Chi f fchaf f Average: March 16 (53) to October 15 (53) Arrived at Lichfield and Sandwell Valley, on March 22. Last seen, on October 15, in the Sandwell Valley and a very late bird in Happy Valley on November 28.

Warks Singing birds at Alvecote (two), Earlswood, Farnborough (two), Fillongley, Kenilworth (two), Kingsbury (three), Ladywalk (five). Little Packington (two), Great Packington (at least three), Shawbury (two) and Wooton Wawen (six). The only winter ing bird was at Ladywalk on January 3.

Ring-billed Gull Westport Mar. 1987 W. J. Low

Marsh Warbler N. Ronaldsay Spring 1987 P. Donnelley

Waxwing Lichfield Feb. 1987 W. J. Low

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Worcs Singing males recorded at 28 localities, wi th 75 along the Malvern Hills, compared w i th 59 in 1986. Other counts included 12 holding territory in Trench Wood, and four in Yeald Wood. Influxes of passage birds in autumn noted at Nafford, where 12 on September 13, at Upton Warren, where eight on September 5, and in Happy Valley, where up to 20 on September 17.

Staffs Singing birds at Beaudesert (four), Belvide (two), Blithfield (two), Brocton (two), Chasewater, Dovedale (two), Elford (four), Highgate Common (six), Hopwas (two) and Knypersley (two). Twelve were noted on passage at Blithfield on September 15 and a total of 31 were ringed at Betley. Winter records from Basford on December 10 and Beech from December 28 to 30.

W Mid Up to three pairs bred in Sandwell Valley wi th singing birds at Knowle, Park Lime Pits, Reeves Green, Saltwells Wood (three), Sutton Park (four) and Wil lenhall Memorial Park (one). Passage birds noted at Brierley Hill Pools, Penn Fields, Wolverhampton and Sheepwash U P. Winter records consisted of singles in Sandwell Valley on January 9, and Hayhead Wood, Aldridge on January 11. One at Lower Gornal Sewage Works on February 4, was joined by a second on February 10, w i th both birds present until February 18 and one subsequently to February 26. One in a Knowle garden on December 21 was observed feeding on winter gnats.

Wi l low Warbler Average: March 27 (53) to October 6 (53) First seen at Upton Warren and Westwood, on Apri l 5. Most had left by mid-September, but one was present at Mil l Green until October 20.

Warks Pairs present at Alvecote (four), Coton (nine), Earlswood (four), Eathorpe (six), Fillongley (four), Kingsbury (97), Little Packington (at least two), Marston (20), Middleton (32), The Somers and Wooton Wawen (five). In a 2.25 mile section of disused railway between Burton Green and Crackley, Kenilworth, where the density of breeding birds was found to be generally high, 20 pairs were present, the densest breeding species. SWST.

Worcs Singing males noted at 25 localities. 391 were recorded on the Malvern Hills and Commons, compared to 371 in 1986. Elsewhere, maxima were 12 singing at Lower Moor, 63 in Trench Wood at least 20 at Upton Warren, and 12 at Yeald Wood.

Staffs A count of 35 at Apedale on Apri l 9 and smaller but still substantial numbers at Belvide, Chasewater, Highgate Common and Westport. Very few breeding records received.

W Mid Bred at Park Lime Pits (several pairs) and Sandwell Valley (30 plus singing birds). Singing birds at Brierley Hill Pools (nine), Branton Hill Quarry(five), Sheepwash U.P.(five)and Wil lenhall Memorial Park(12). Many reported singing in Sutton Park. On the Hawkhurst Moor Farm Mine Site, Berkswell, breeding densities were found to be just above

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average, w i th 7prs in 81 has. This represents 8.6prs/100has. cf. to national densities, assessed in 1982, of 8.0prs/100has. SWST.

Goldcrest Warks Only reported from five localities. Garden records from Kenilworth and

Warwick. Quite common at Shustoke. Worcs Summer records from the Malverns, wi th eight singing males along the

hills and in the Wyre Forest, wi th five at Callow Hill. Scarce in the early part of the year. Small influx in September and October when they were reported from 11 locations, with a maximum of 20 at Happy Valley on October 11.

Staffs A 29.6 Km. survey transect in Needwood Forest in November revealed 46 birds. Six counted at Blithfield on December 12 and up to 50 regularly at Chill ington during the year. Up to three noted at Belvide, where it was reported to be much scarcer than in past years.

W Mid Probable breeding at Coundon Court School, Coventry. Also present in the breeding season at Sutton Park. Very scarce during the winter, but numerous autumn records from Brierley Hill Pools(four), Park Lime Pits (three), Sandwell Valley (10), Sheepwash U.P. (one) and Willenhall Memorial Park (three). Garden records from Shirley and Knowle.

Firecrest One was ringed at Stockton on Apri l 17 JAH. One at Sych Wood on April 28 was the first record for Ladywalk Nature Reserve MEG. A male at Park Hall f rom January 11 to 31 DG, NC, DWE, JPM, w i th a female also present on January 12 DG. A male at Dump's Covert, Cannock Chase, from February 22 to March 8 SKW.

Spot ted Flycatcher Average: May 1 (51) to September 26 (51) Present in the Wyre Forest from May 2. Most had left by mid-September, but one at Westwood on October 4. Breeding pairs were present at Ansley, Astley, Bentley, Crackley Wood, Fillongley (two), Hoar Park, Middleton, Nuneaton, Over Whitacre (two), Packington (two), Rowington, Seeswood Pool, Shawbury (two), Warwick, Whitacre Heath and Wixford. Others, possibly just passage birds, were seen at Kingsbury, Kenilworth, Ladywalk and Wooton Wawen. Bred at Abberton, Bredons Hardwick, Castlemorton Common, Lickey Hills, Lynalls Coppice Malvern Hills, Norton Barracks, Old Hills, Old Storridge, Stourport, Upton Warren and Westwood (two pairs). Also noted at 11 other localities. At Upton Warren on September 5, there were 15, mostly juveniles. Two pairs bred at Belvide, Blithfield, Trentham and Upper Longdon, three pairs at Chill ington and Mil l Green and one pair each at Keele, Stone and Tatenhill. Other records from another 11 sites.

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W Mid Single pairs bred at Marston Green, Pensnett Coppice, Rushall, (raising two young) and Fordhouses, Wolverhampton. Sandwell Valley and West Smethwick Park each had two pairs, and four pairs bred at Wil lenhall Memorial Park. Passage birds at Brierley Hill Pools (three), Coventry Cathedral (one), Park Lime Pits (one), Sheepwash U.P. (two) wi th the Sandwell Valley holding 12 on August 30.

Pied Flycatcher Average: April 21 (41) to September 7 (22) Returned early, wi th one at the Gullett on April 5. The last record came from Westwood on the early date of August 2. Staffs, had the highest breeding population ever recorded.

Warks Passage birds at The Belfry Golf Club, near Wishaw, on April 23 and at Packington on May 5.

Worcs Known to have bred at Dowles Brook and on the Fred Dale Reserve but no details of breeding success received. Also bred at Hanley Dingley, Lickey Hills, Lynalls Coppice, where three pairs were successful from five nesting attempts, Midsummer Hill, andthe Knapp, where two pairs nested. Singing males were noted at Chase End, Happy Valley, Raggedstone Hill and St Anne's Well, but no evidence of breeding. Passage birds were noted at Abberton on April 18 and Westwood Park on August 2.

Staffs Four pairs nested at Brocton, 19 pairs at Coombes Valley with another 20 pairs in the surrounding area and single pairs at Drydon Wood and a site in the south-west. Singing males also noted in the Meerbrook/Tit tesworth area. Seen on passage in Apri l at Beech Dale, Maer and Westport.

W Mid A male in a Handsworth Wood garden on April 18 and a returning bird at Sandwell Valley on July 29.

Bearded Tit Warks Only recorded from Brandon this year. Birds were probably present

from the beginning of the year, but definite records received of four on January 29 and probably the same number heard calling on March 4. In autumn, first recorded on October 4, when four were seen, increasing to six on October 25. These birds probably remained until the year end.

Worcs A male which appeared at Upton Warren on November 7, was noted in the company of a female on November 8. The same pair were present at Westwood on November 14, at Upton Warren on November 21 and 22 and Westwood again on November 28. A male appeared at Strensham on December 12 and remained to the year end.

1985 Addendum Warks Two at Dordon on October 19.

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Long-tailed Tit Warks Bred at Alvecote, Ladywalk, Shawbury and The Somers. Most records

involved less than 20 birds, but 40 at Kingsbury in July included many juveniles and 30 were at The Somers in November. In a 2.25 mile section of disused railway between Burton Green and Crackley, Kenilworth, two pairs were found.

Worcs Breeding reported from Knowles Mil l and Upton Warren. 16 males held territory in the Malvern area, one at Old Hills, the other 15 along the Hills. Maxima: Eckington, 27 on September 12, Upton Warren, 40 on October 12 and Westwood, 20 on November 19.

Staffs Nine pairs nested at Coombes Valley, compared wi th ten in 1986.20 at Belvide on February 3, ten at Blithfield on March 15, at least ten at Knypersley on May 24, ten at Brindley Heath on June 11, a roving brood to the north of Chasewater on June 13, 15 at Elford on September 26 and over 30 regularly counted at Chillington.

W Mid May have bred at Meriden and Pensnett. In autumn and both winter periods, reported from Brierley Hill Pools (up to 10 from November 15 to the year's end), Hayhead Country Park (six), Little Bracebridge Pool, Sutton Park (eight), Reddicroft car park (nine) and Westwood Coppice ( 1 2 ) .

Marsh Tit Warks Pairs in the breeding season were recorded from Alvecote (one) Bentley

(two) and Coombe Abbey (two). Worcs 31 territorial males recorded from the Malverns, all except one (Old

Hills) along the hills. Two pairs noted on the CBC in Trench Wood. Otherwise noted at Bredon Hill, Dowles Brook, Grimley, Ripple Wood, Shrawley Wood, Tiddesley Wood, and Westwood.

Staffs Six pairs bred at Coombes Valley, compared wi th five in 1986. Reported from Blithfield (two), Chillington (three pairs), Elford, Knypersley, Loynton Moss, Lower Avenue (two pairs) and Westport (rare here). No records were entered in the Belvide log, which is unusual.

W Mid No breeding reported. Singles noted, on waste land in Wil lenhall on March 21 and June 6 and at the Memorial Park there on July 3, in Knowle on May 7 and occasionally in Sutton Park throughout the year.

Wil low Tit Warks Pairs present in the breeding season at Alvecote (two), Arley, Ballards

Green, Bentley, Birchley Heath, Devitts Green, Fillongley (two), Kingsbury (four), Ladywalk, Little and Great Packington, and The Somers. Also recorded at a further six sites outside the breeding season.

Worcs Bred on the Knapp Reserve, at Old Hills and Old Storridge. At Old Hills, said to have had a good breeding season. Recorded at six other localities.

Staffs Reported from Alrewas, Anslow, Belvide (three), Biddulph's Pool,

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Branston, Elford, Hern Heath, Little Wyrley and Wyrley Common. At least four pairs at Chasewater, where three broods totalling 19 birds were noted on June 13.

W Mid At least five pairs bred in Sandwell Valley, and up to three at Meriden. Possibly bred at Park Lime Pits where there were nine on December 19. Reported from seven other sites outside the breeding season.

Coal Tit Warks Obviously under recorded as only noted at Bentley, Ladywalk, Little and

Great Packington, Shustoke and Warwick. In a 2.25 mile section of disused railway between Burton Green and Crackley, Kenilworth, one pair was noted.

Worcs Bred on Bredon Hill, at Lynalls Coppice and Old Storridge. Family parties were seen at Earnshaw Quarry, Happy Valley and St Anne's Well, the Malverns and at Westwood. Only other reports were of 25 at Callow Hill (Wyre) on July 12 and of singles at Upton Warren.

Staffs Four pairs bred at Hem Heath Wood and 18 pairs at Coombes Valley, compared wi th 10 in 1986. Singles at Belvide in January and February and 11 at Chasewater on June 12. A bird showing features of the continental nominate race ater was seen at Jackson's Bank on February 2 DIMW.

WMid Two pairs bred in Sandwell Valley and a pair at Willenhall Memorial Park raised two young (the first breeding record there). Autumn and winter records from Meriden, Park Lime Pits and Walsall Arboretum, wi th garden records from Albridge and Knowle.

Blue Tit Warks Seven pairs were reported on the 2.25 mile section of disused railway

between Burton Green and Crackley, Kenilworth. Up to 30 were often present on the bird table at Ladywalk and 26 on a table at Rugby.

Worcs No breeding data received from the main Wyre Forest area. Breeding reported from Lynalls Coppice, six nest boxes occupied, five were successful, and Malvern hills. In May and June, there were 65 singing males widely distributed around the Malverns. Up to 50 fed at the Upton Warren feeding station in the winter.

Staffs At Chasewater 20 broods counted on June 13, totalling 136 birds. 15 pairs bred at Hem Heath Wood, compared wi th 14 in 1986. Eight family parties were seen there on June 18. At Belvide, there were 58 nestlings in six boxes, w i th a foraging flock of 80 on June 28. 94 pairs bred at Coombes Valley compared wi th 103 in 1986. 33 visited a feeding station in a Stafford garden on January 17.

WMid On the Hawkhurst Moor Farm Mine Site, Berkswell 19 pairs were present in 81 has. SWST, approximately double national densities, assessed in 1982 due, largely, to the presence of many mature trees. Bred at Hampton in Arden, Meriden, Sandwell Valley, Sutton Park and Willenhall Memorial Park where 120 were present on September 1. One

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or two were often seen in Birmingham City Centres' 'green spaces' throughout the year.

Great Tit Warks Three pairs bred in the Willey C B C area compared with two last year. At

Ladywalk, outnumbered by five to one by Blue Tit. Six pairs were counted on the 2.25 mile section of disused railway between Burton Green and Crackley Wood, Kenilworth.

Worcs Breeding reported from Lynalls Coppice, where 12 young raised from two nest boxes, and West Hagley. Malvern Hills held 37 singing males.

Staffs 65 pairs bred at Coombes Valley, compared wi th 79 in 1986. At Chasewater, there were four broods totalling 30 birds on June 13 and at Hem Heath Wood, 10 pairs estimated compared wi th seven in 1986.27 visited a feeding station at Stafford on January 17.

W Mid On the Hawkhurst Moor Farm Mine Site 11 pairs were present in 81 has. SWST, approximately double national densities, assessed in 1982 (see Blue Tit). A common breeder in Sandwell Valley and Sutton Park. Four pairs bred at Willenhall Memorial Park where 19 were seen on October 1.

Nuthatch Warks Present at eight sites in the breeding season and 13 including winter

records. At least eight pairs in the Bentley Park area. Worcs On the Malverns there were 12 territorial males along the hills and a

pair at St Ann's Well. Elsewhere, Chateau Impney, Knapp Reserve, Lickey Hills and Westwood all held two pairs. In winter up to two noted at Bittell, Kidderminster and Upton Warren.

Staffs Breeding season records from Belvide, Blithfield, Chillington, Codsall, Coombes Valley, Danebridge, Fisherwick, Hem Heath Wood, Hoar Cross, Keele, Knypersley, Lower Avenue and Marchington Woodlands.

W Mid Breeding season records from Coundon Court School in Coventry, Knowle, Saltwells Wood, Sandwell Valley, Solihull, Springfield Environmental Centre at Temple Balsall, and Sutton Park, where at least eight were present in the N E corner.

Treecreeper Warks Breeding season records from Bentley, Earlswood, Little Packington,

Middleton, Old Nun Wood and Shustoke. One re-trapped at the last locality was at least six years old.

Worcs Bred at Lynalls Coppice, Upton Warren and Westwood. Recorded at seven other sites outside the breeding season.

Staffs Reported from Belvide (four), Drayton Manor Park, Elford, Georges Hayes, Hem Heath Wood (three pairs). Knypersley, Rudyard and River Swarbourn, near Yoxall (five in 1.5 Km).

W Mid Pairs bred at Hayhead Wood (two), Pensnett Coppice, and Sandwell Valley (two). Probably bred at Saltwells Wood and Sutton Park. Also

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seen at Brierley Hill Pools, Pelsall, Temple Balsall and Willenhall Memorial Park (first record since 1983). Garden records came from Knowle and Wall Heath.

Great Grey Shrike Staffs One noted in the Sherbrook Valley on March 30 MDJ. ICW and April 2

KA. One also present on December 13 MJE.

Lesser Grey Shrike Worcs An adult was watched feeding from raspberry canes at St Mary's

Church, Wythall on June 4 GCH. This constitutes the first BBRC accepted record for the region. About the size of a starling with slimmer build. Recognised as a grey shrike' with top and back of head pale grey but with face black, this extending from bill to ear coverts above and below eye and well up onto forehead. Chin white. Bill short and wi th thick hook on top mandible, colour black. Breast pale wi th a beautiful tinge of pink which changed in intensity as bird moved position. Wings were black wi th a white square shaped patch at base of primaries. Tail, longish and black at rest. In flight, more spread, with white patches in sides showing. Back pale grey. Bird was seen to perch on wires and canes scanning ground, dropping from time to time to pick up food items. Flight was somewhat fluttery when hunting.

Jay Warks Bred at Alvecote, Earlswood, Ladywalk and Whitacre Heath. Takes

readily to the nut holders at Ladywalk, hanging from them like a huge tit. Worcs Recorded at nine sites wi th six on the Malverns on July 13. Staffs Noted at many sites throughout the year wi th four at Highgate Common

on Apri l 25 and six at Belvide in June. One showing features of the continental race glandiarus was noted at Hollybush Lake on March 21 DIMW.

W Mid Breeding confirmed at Brownhil ls Common, Park Lime Pits, Sandwell Valley and Shire Oak Quarry, near Brownhills. Also reported from Aldridge, Edgbaston, Hayhead Wood, Shirley, Solihull and Trittiford Park. Said to be present in good numbers in Sutton Park.

Magpie Continues to increase and expand its range, wi th some areas holding large numbers which are undoubtedly taking their toll on already depleted numbers of small passerines.

Warks 64 at Brandon in January and March, 35 at Hartshill and 25 around a dead rabbit at Ladywalk were all typical.

Worcs Maxima of 50 at Bittell, 20 at Larford, 32 at Upton Warren and 30 at Walton Hill.

Staffs Flocks of 20 at Chasewater. 23 at Elford, 14 at Stretton and 30 at Westport were the most reported.

W Mid Some large flocks held less birds this year but still considered to be a very common suburban species. Maxima of 45 at Brierley Hill Pools, 31 at Barr Common, 21 at Clayhanger, 43 at Park Lime Pits, 20 at Sutton

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Park and 49 at Wil lenhal l Memorial Park, where one was attempting to catch a Pipistrelle Bat on June 17. At Sandwell Valley, the coppicing of wi l lows in the marsh reduced roosting numbers by half, w i th a maximum of 80 from January to March.

Jackdaw 18 pairs bred at Great Packington. 35 at Earlswood on Apri l 2 was considered to be unusual. Largest flocks reported were 100 at Henley-in-Arden and a similar number at Ragley Park. In the Malverns, large breeding colonies were noted at The Gullet, North Quarry and Hollybush. Also present in good numbers at Old Hills. In winter, 100 at Bittell in February and at Throckmorton in March. 130 were at Larford on November 4. Parties of over 100 seen at Belvide on several occasions wi th 200 on January 6 being the largest concentration. 240 at Elford on December 16. A bird showing features of the continental race monedula was seen at Newborough on January 17 and a flock of 70 at Bromley Hurst on March 15 were also thought to possibly belong to this race DIMW. No breeding records received. Up to 70 were regularly seen over Sandwell Valley and records received from four other sites involved flocks of less than 20 birds. One over Birchley, near Oldbury, on January 23 was said to be unusual for the locality.

Rook Warks 16 nests at Dosthill and 51 at Grendon. At Sych Wood, Lea Marston, 81

nests were counted w i th 18 of them on nearby electricity pylons. Six were also on pylons at Whateley. At Packington a new rookery is becoming established wi th two nests occupied NPB. The highest count was 600 at Lea Marston on February 28.

Worcs 20 nests at Grimley. Maxima of 100 at Oakley in October and 250 at Throckmorton in December wi th 200 in March and November. Smaller numbers noted in the Malvern area and at Upton Warren.

Staffs A flock of 300 at Little Wyrley on January 7 and 400 between Rugeley and Admaston on December 9. The fol lowing rookeries had occupied nests: Betley (50), Sandon Village (25), Sandon Park (29), Spot Acre (25), Walton (11) and Weston Bank (19).

W Mid A small rookery of 12 nests was established this year at Sandwell Valley and at Broad Street, Wolverhampton, four nests were used compared w i th two in 1986. In winter months, 150 were at Aldridge on December 2 6 , 4 0 0 passed over Park Lime Pits in a S S E direction on October 2 , 4 0 at Sandwell Valley on December 7 and 90 were at Stubbers Green on December 19.

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Carrion Crow Warks No change in breeding status reported. Worcs Little breeding information received. Notable gatherings were 63 at

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Bittell on Apri l 19, 50 at North Hill on October 25 and 1000 in a pre-roost assembly at Timberhanger in December.

Staffs 70 were feeding on the ice at Chasewater on January 18, and a flock of 40 fed on the mud around Trentham Gardens lake between February and March. A pair were feeding a fledged chick in Stafford on the late date of September 29.

W Mid The only breeding records were from Coundon Wedge and Sandwell Valley. The largest flocks noted were 116 at Shut End on January 4 ,81 overhead at Wil lenhall on February 5 ,24 on ploughed land at Park Lime Pits on October 3, and 50 in Sandwell Valley on October 30. A large winter roost was, as usual, present in Sutton Park.

Hooded Crow Warks One over Kingsbury on April 12 ARD, GIG, PDH. Staffs One at Dunstal on April 24 MDJ, ICW.

Raven Another good year.

Worcs Two birds were seen collecting nesting material on Raggedstone Hill in February DP and throughout the year one or two were present in the Malvern area. Records were received from The Gullet on July 12 MJI, GJM. HangmansHi l lon November 22 (two) MJI, GJM. Happy Valley on April 25 (two) GHP. and from November 1 to 7 (two) REH. SMW. Old Hills on March 1 DP and Worcestershire Beacon on April 30 SMW.

Staffs A pair over the Roaches on September 20 DWY.

Starl ing Warks 250 at Alvecote on December 18 was the only record received. Worcs 500 at Bredons Hardwick on November 1 and 250 at Holt on 7. Many

thousands roosted at Upton Warren in autumn/winter . Staffs Over 1000, mainly juveniles, were observed feeding on the larvae of the

green oak tortrix tortrix viridana at Kinver Edge on June 4, over 1000 were noted at Belvide on June 7, at least 800 were counted at Chasewater on June 14, 2000 roosted in the reed bed at Betley on August 9 and over 7000 were seen at Blithfield in November, gaining the attention of a local Sparrowhawk. A pair bred for the first t ime at Doxey, using a natural hole in a beech tree.

W Mid Very little information received but said to be present in Sutton Park in good numbers. Small numbers roosted at the RSPB Sandwell during the winter and spring wi th another small roost noted near Marston Green Airport in late summer.

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Rose-coloured Starl ing

Staffs An adult at Hockley, Tamworth on July 27 WH, JO was only the second county record and the first in the Club's area since 1890. A starling wi th conspicuous pink undersides, back and rump. Blackish head, throat, wings and tail. It perched on a garden fence for about half a minute and was observed at ten yards range.

House Sparrow Warks 60 at Draycote on November 15. Has not yet been recorded on the main

reserve at Ladywalk although it breeds in nearby Whitacre Heath. Worcs 100 were seen at Strensham on August 1. Staffs No records received. W Mid A common breeder in urban and suburban areas. A post-breeding flock

of 100 at Sheepwash U.P. on August 2 were observed feeding on dock seeds.

Tree Sparrow Warks Two pairs bred at Alvecote and only one at Ladywalk. The largest flock

was a mere 25, at Astley, on November 7. Worcs Reported from only seven localities in summer wi th probable breeding

at Broadway and St Marys, Wythall. Winter records from eight sites w i th the best flocks at Larford, 50 on January 15 and Throckmorton, w i th 135 on January 7.

Staffs Two pairs bred at Elford and only recorded from a further three sites in summer. Maxima of 200 at Blithfield on April 5 and 100 there on December 13 and 15. Elsewhere less than 20 seen at seven other sites.

WMid Bred near the River Blythe at Knowle. Few notable flocks wi th 25 roosting at Sandwell Valley in winter, the most reported.

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Chaff inch Very few flocks reported in excess of 50 birds, in common wi th the scarcity of Bramblings. 120 at Astley in November and 70 at The Somers in April were the maximum counts. 55 territorial males recorded from the Malverns during May and June, 24 on the commons and 31 along the hills. No other breeding data received. Largest winter flocks were 200 at Interfield on January 2 ,235 at Beckford on January 10, 300 at Wilden on February 8 and possibly the same flock atTortonon 11. In the autumn and second winter period, 250 at Clevelode on October 20 and 200 at Interfield on December 29. Around 400 roosted at Keele University in February, a maximum of 31 at Belvide in November, 200 at Yoxall Park on November 22, 150 at Aqualate on December 13 and 180 at Enville on December 22. Breeding confirmed from Willenhall Memorial Park (four pairs), Sandwell Valley (five singing birds) and Sutton Park. On the Hawkhurst Moor Farm Mine Site, Berkswell, breeding densities were above average, wi th 23prs in 81 has. This represents 28.3prs/100has. cf. national densities, assessed in 1982 of 20.8prs/100has. SWST. A notable gathering of up to 70 birds at Sandwell Valley in early January. Recorded in a Sutton Coldfield garden from January to March, wi th a maximum of 18 on March 7.

Brambling Average: October 10 (52) to April 16(51) Last recorded at Seven Springs on April 26. Returned on October 16 at Kenilworth. Scarce in the latter part of the year.

Warks A very poor year. Only about 10 recorded in total w i th records from Brandon, Coleshill, Kenilworth, Kingsbury, Shrewley and The Somers (four).

Worcs Recorded at 24 localities in the first winter period. Largest flocks were 45 at Blackstone Farm on January 16, 250 at Interfield on January 4 and 30 at Upton Warren and Wilden throughout January and February. Much scarcer in autumn wi th ones and twos seen at only three localities and a maximum of five at Bredons Hardwick on October 25.

Staffs Almost all records were from the January to April period wi th notable counts of 100 at Codsall early in the year, 41 in Staffqrd during January and February, 60 at Cheddleton on January 5, 20 at Blithfield on February 9, 40 at Stanley Head on February 15, 50 in a Newcastle garden at the end of March, 100 at Keele in late March, 25 at Enville on Apri l 3, 90 at Chasewater on Apri l 13 and 13 at Belvide on April 16. Singing males were noted in mid-April at Chasewater and near the Katyn Memorial. The only notable second winter period flock was 50 at Chillington on December 1.

W Mid Fairly widespread between January and Apri l w i th records from 11 sites. Maxima of 40 at Brierley Hill Pools between January 17 and Apri l 11,20 near Knowle in March and April, 12 at Park Lime Pits on February

Warks

Worcs

Staffs

W Mid

170

12 and 40 at Sandwell Valley in January were regular at a feeding station. Second winter records were fewer wi th two at Brierley Hill Pools and singles at Park Lime Pits and Sandwell Valley.

Greenf inch Warks Four pairs bred at Alvecote. Some larger flocks were reported this year

w i th 200 at Astley on August 23 and 120 near Middleton on December 1 9 .

Worcs Only recorded at Malvern, in the summer, wi th three pairs at Malvern Common, four at Hollybed Common and one on the hills. Maxima of 100 at Bredons Hardwick on January 4, 100 at Holt on November 1, 70 at Strensham on December 14 and 50 at Upton Warren in both winter periods.

Staffs 120 roosted in cupressus at Trentham on January 23 and 25 were seen at Barton on May 16, a large gathering for this date.

W Mid Confirmed breeding from Willenhall Memorial Park (three pairs), but probably bred at Park Lime Pits where adults wi th juveniles were noted in early June. 4prs/81has. on the proposed Mine Site at Berkswell, about average density SWST. Small numbers were present in Sandwell Valley throughout the year and a flock of 20 were at Trittiford Park on December 14.

Goldf inch Warks Bred at Alvecote (two pairs), Arley, and Warwick. The largest flocks

were 61 at Bedworth Woodlands in August, 30 at Kingsbury in September and 40 at Packington in October.

Worcs Breeding pairs noted on The Knapp, in the Malvern area (three), Redditch town centre (three) and Upton Warren (two). At other times, maxima of 40 at Castlemorton Common on January 1 and flocks of 30 at Hollybed Common in February, Bredons Hardwick on April 13, Grimley on September 10 and October 27 and Castlemorton Common on October 11.

Staffs Small flocks of less than 20 widely reported in winter. Other, larger flocks, were seen at Belvide, 100 on September 19 and 35 on October 4; Elford, 50 in December and Gig Hall, where between 150 and 180 nested in larches and oaks attracted by an adjacent hayfield covered in hardheads Centaurea nigra. DWY

W Mid Possibly bred at Wil lenhall Memorial Park. A flock of 25 were at Edgbaston Reservoir on March 2 in the company of 10 to 15 Linnets. Post-breeding flocks reported from Sandwell Valley, wi th 250 on August 7, 100 still present on October 2 and 60 lingering until the year's end. 20 at Brierley Hill Pools in September consisted of mainly juveniles. 100 at Sheepwash U P. on September 2 and 100 in North Walsall on October 5.

171

Siskin Average: October 1 (50) to April 15 (48) Last noted on Apri l 25 wi th the exception of a few summering individuals. First return on September 13 at Malvern.

Warks Scarce in the first winter period after a bad autumn in 1986, the largest flock being 15 at Coton on January 10. Recorded from only six sites in autumn but in reasonable numbers with maxima of 14 at Kingsbury, 35 at Ladywalk, 30 at Little Packington and 60 at Shustoke.

Worcs Flocks of 60 at Grimley and 120 at Holtheath in January, 80 at East Eckington in March and 60 at Bittell in both first winter and autumn periods.

Staffs A pair were seen feeding nearly fully-fledged young at Hazelslade in May. There were less records this year w i th most reports coming in the first winter period. Notable maxima as fol lows:—Beaudesert (100+), Burton upon Trent (30), Chasewater (30), Mil l Green (45) and Westport (60). In the second winter period 26 at Eland Brook and 70 at Mill Green.

W Mid Much scarcer this year. In the first winter and spring periods a maximum of 15 from 11 sites. In autumn and the second winter period there were even less, wi th a maximum of 12 at Temple Balsall and only ones and twos from four other sites.

Linnet Warks Not recorded from the south of the county and thought to be declining in

the north. The only breeding record received was four pairs at Alvecote. Flocks were small wi th 100 at Kingsbury in September and only 30 at Little Packington landfill site.

Worcs Reports received from 14 localities. In the Malverns there were 49 singing males, 23 of which were on the commons. Noteworthy flocks were reported from Lower Moor, 100 on January 17; Larford, 120 on April 13 and Bredons Hardwick, wi th 100 on September 20.

Staffs Up to five pairs bred at Chasewater where none of the usual autumn flocks were seen. In the first winter period, 40 at Kettlebrook and 70 at Chasewater in January, 80 near Pelsall North Common on February 1 and 100 at Blithfield on March 15. In autumn, 155 at Needwood Airfield in mid-September and 40 at Yoxall on November 22. 45 at Elford on December 17.

WMid Bred at Brierley Hill Pools. Noted on waste ground at Bentley and Wil lenhall and also present throughout the breeding season around the old railway station at Aldridge. Only 1 p r /81 has. on the proposed Mine Site at Berkswell, about one third the expected density SWST. Notable gatherings included 40 at Edgbaston Reservoir in January and February, 25 at Penn Fields, Wolverhampton on March 8, 40 at Wil lenhal l on March 28, 75 in Sandwell Valley on August 8, 150 at Clayhanger on August 31, a maximum of 100 at Sheepwash U.P. on October 6 ,100 at Park Lime Pits on November 8 and up to 80 birds in the

172

winter roost at Brierley Hill Pools. Reported as common in the scrubbier areas of Sutton Park.

Twi te Worcs One at Larford on March 28 and 29 REH. SMW. Staffs One at Knotbury on Apri l 5 and a flock of 70 seen there on September 20

w i th possibly up to 90 in the area. Two at Maer Hills on September 5 PJS and at least 12 at Ford Green on December 28 AH.

1985 Addendum Worcs Six at Bredons Hardwick on February 24 PFW.

Redpoll Warks Probably bred at Bentley, Hams Hall and Kingsbury. Few flocks reported

this year w i th maxima of 27 at Ladywalk in September/October and 30 at The Somers in November.

Worcs No breeding records received. Reported from 16 sites wi th maxima in the first winter period of 20 at Malvern Link on January 24. Later in the year 25 at Castlemorton Common in December, 30 at Happy Valley in November, 30 at Malvern Link in December and a regular flock at Upton Warren peaked at 60 on October 25.

Staffs At least five pairs bred at Chasewater. Flock of 80 at Stowe Pool, Lichfield on January 18 ,50 at Westport on February 15 wi th up to 30 in early April, 40 in the Anson's Bank area of Cannock Chase on April 23, 28 f lew over Belvide on Apri l 28, two at Swallow Moss on June 6, at least 35 at Hollybush Lake on September 20, 20 at Borrowpit Lake on October 24 and 26 at Barlaston on December 26. Also reported from Blithfield, Knypersley and Seven Springs.

W Mid A juvenile at Wil lenhall Memorial Park on August 1 suggesting breeding. Probably bred at Wall Heath. No proof of breeding at Fens Pool, although two were present on May 2 and June 28. Noted in late June in Sutton Park. A flock of 70 birds in Wil lenhall Memorial Park in January, w i th 30 at Brierley Hill Pools on March 25 and 26, six at Plantsbrook Reservoir on March 31 ,30 in Priory Wood, Sandwell Valley on Apri l 5, and 30 in Sutton Park during April. Scarce in autumn wi th a maximum of four at only four sites.

Mealy Redpoll Birds, showing characteristics of this race were noted as follows:

Staffs Four at Chasewater on March 34/7/Wfl and three at Westport on March 14 NC.

W Mid One at Sandwell Valley on February 2 and 14/11/1/.

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Crossbill Warks Nine at Bentley on May 31 and two over Packington on September 25. Worcs Only recorded at Wyre Forest wi th a pair on March 14 and 15, one on

April 12 and three on July 12. Staffs Four at Maer Hills on February 22, at least nine at Hanchurch Hills on

Apri l 1 7 wi th three males and two females feeding on birch buds by the Water Tower on the 18th. A male was heard singing there on April 19 and 22. Seven were seen in the Punchbowl/Satnal l Hills area of the Chase on July 12 and a female/ immature at Hanchurch on September 7.

Bull f inch Warks Thought to be on the increase in the north of the county. At Ladywalk a

fledged juvenile was still being fed by a parent on the late date of September 30.

Worcs Three pairs bred at Upton Warren and probably bred at Castlemorton Common (one) and Trench Wood (two). 12 at Lower Moor on January 17 and up to 20 in Happy Valley from September to November.

Staffs At least six pairs bred at Chasewater and three pairs were present at Elford. Maxima of 11 at Belvide and Chasewater in November and December respectively. Birds that were thought to show characteristics of P.p. pyrrhula were present at Newborough on January 19 (two) and Brakenhurst Plantation on November 14 (four) DIMW.

W Mid Bred at Brierley Hill Pools, Sandwell Valley and probably on waste land at Willenhall; 2prs/81has. on the proposed Mine Site at Berkswell, about average SWST. Birds were present at Park Lime Pits throughout the year, w i th juveniles seen in August and September indicating probable breeding. A notable gathering of 20 in the Sandwell Valley on November 14.

Hawf inch Worcs A nest near Bewdley was found to be deserted on May 16 and a juvenile

at Old Storridge on June 6 was unable to fly. Singles at Lower Moor on January 17, South Broadway on March 13, Wyre Forest on June 28 and Wickhampton on August 3. Two were present at South Malvern on April 26 and a flock of 15 was present there from December 20 until the year end.

Staffs No specific information from Chillington this year, but known to have occurred there. Other records came from Enville on January 9 (two), Belvide on January 24 and Kinver on June 15.

1972 addendum Worcs A pair and two juveniles were at Spetchley Park during the summer

PFW.

174

S n o w Bunt ing Warks A male at Draycote on November 15 REH. Worcs A remarkable passage occurred through the Malvern area in October

and November. An immature male on Worcestershire Beacon on October 22 was joined by two males on 24 DP. By November 1 six were present on North H\\\REH, MJI, GJM w i th eight the next day GHP, SMW and five on 8 REH, SMW. Two at Worcestershire Beacon on November 14 /4 W were f o 11owed, f i na I ly, by one over Happy Va 11ey on No ve m ber 21 SMW. The only other record involved one at Holt on November 29 GJM.

Staffs One at Belvide on May 2 RM, one at Hixon on November 8 JPM, an immature or female at Chasewater on November 9 NGA and one at Seighford on December 15 per FCG.

W Mid Two birds at Fens Pools on November 1 MDJ. A probable f i rst-winter male at Forge Pool, Sandwell Valley from November 15 to 18 perPAF, PMH, TCH.

1985 Corrigendum Staffs The female reported as being at Longton on January 19 had been first

noted on January 9 per PGB.

Lapland Bunting Staffs One f lew over Chasewater on October 29 ARMB.

Yel lowhammer Warks Breeding reported from Alvecote (five pairs) and The Somers (two pairs).

Largest flocks were in the first winter period with 60 at Arley and 50 at Draycote in February and 50 at Kingsbury in March.

Worcs 44 pairs recorded in the Malvern area with 10 at Old Mills, 11 at Castlemorton, nine at Hollybed Common and 14 on the Hills. Also present in the breeding season at Devils Spittleful and Larford. Winter

175

flocks of 125 at Blackstone Farm in January and 100 at Bittell and Wilden in February. The only sizable autumn flock was at Upton Warren wi th 50 on October 11 and 100 on November 22.

Staffs Four pairs bred at Chasewater where numbers were reported to be generally lower than in 1986, 90 at Blithfield on January 6, 100 at Apedale on January 28, 34 at Doxey on February 1, 65 at Lower Avenue on February 7, 40 below the dam at Blithfield in March, at least 100 near Lichfield on March 8 and at least 50 at Belvide on March 10. About 100 present at Elford in November and December.

W Mid Pairs bred at Meriden Church (one), Brierley Hill Pools (four) and Sandwell Valley (at least 12); 7prs /81 has. on the proposed Mine Site at Berkswell, about average density SWST. Largest winter concentrations were 35 in Sandwell Valley on January 11, 22 at Brierley Hill Pools on February 24 and 34 near Knowle in late November. Also reported from Barr Beacon, Branton Hill Quarry and said to be generally quite common in the heather/gorse areas of Sutton Park. A bird was reported singing in a Marston Green garden for five minutes on June 13.

Reed Bunting Warks Seven breeding pairs at Alvecote and 10 at The Somers. No winter

flocks reported. Worcs Two pairs at Castlemorton Common, six along the Droitwich canal,

between Briar Mil l and Portels Mil l and between 20 and 30 at Upton Warren. Up to 10 noted at three other localities outside the breeding season.

Staffs A maximum of 12 reported from Belvide between January and March, 21 including 13 males were counted on a complete circuit of Chasewater on April 13 and there was a roost of at least 60 at Betley between August and November. 20 were seen at Needwood Airfield on October 4 and 20 were counted in heather between the German Cemetery and the Glacial Boulder areas of the Chase on November 21.

W Mid Two pairs bred at Brierley Hill Pools and 20 at Sandwell Valley. Probable breeding records received from Bentley, Clayhanger (seven), Hampton-in-Arden, Lutley Gutter, Park Lime Pits (five), Sheepwash U.P. (two), Sutton Park (two) and Willenhall; 2prs /81 has. on the proposed Mine Site at Berkswell, about average density. Winter flocks of 21 at Brierley Hill Pools, 24 at Park Lime Pits and 30 at Sandwell Valley. Becoming regular in gardens in winter, wi th up to eight at Sutton Coldfield between January and April 17.

Rustic Bunting Worcs An immature was seen well before going to roost at the Moors Pool,

Upton Warren on November 7 LHC, SMW. This constitutes the first record for the region. An obvious bunting, slightly smaller and more compact than Reed Bunting. Small, pointed, dark grey bill. Forehead dark grey with broad lateral crown stripes of the same colour. From

176

top of crown to nape an obvious creamy crown patch. From eye to rear ear-coverts a broad creamy supercilium. Grey ear-coverts wi th a creamy-white spot set in rear. Whole of mantle rich brown, regularly streaked in rows with thick black streaks. Median and greater coverts rich brown and grey mixed but wi th tips of feathers having near whi te tips forming two slim but noticeably white wing bars. Tail dark gretv wi th white outer fringes seen in flight. Bottom edge of rear ear-coverts dark grey forming moustachial stripe. Below this a brown malar. Across upper breast a distinct band of chestnut streaks extending down onto flanks. Throat and rest of underparts dull white. Call a repeated 'tsip', high and sharp. The bird raised its crown feathers to give a rear peaked appearance. The bird was perched in hawthorn before dropping into a nearby reed bed.

Corn Bunt ing Warks Breeding season records from Alvecote (three), Bulkington, Grendon

(two), Marston, Over Whitacre and Wasperton (eight). In winter recorded from Eathorpe (16), Kingsbury (12), Little Packington (three), Middleton (eight) and Whitacre Heath (10).

Worcs Three pairs bred at Larford. Two singing males were at Broom on June 18 and Norton on August 3. Otherwise noted at nine other sites wi th maxima of 60 at Throckmorton on January 9, eight at Wilden in January, 30 at Holt on September 9 and 62 at Little Comberton on November 21.

Staffs Reported from Alrewas, Blithfield, Branston, Dunston, Fatholme, Heath Hayes, High Offley, King's Bromley, Lichfield and Whitemoor Haye. Flocks of 29 at Fisherwick on January 21 and 42 at Fradley airf ield on March 24.

IV Mid A singing bird was present at Clayhanger in May. Winter records came from RSPB Sandwell where three birds were observed at a feeding station from January 14 to 19. Three at Brierley Hill Pools on January 15 and one at Park Lime Pits on December 13 — a first record for the locality. A bird was reported from a Wil lenhall garden on January 3.

EXOTICA Budgerigar

Warks A yellow bird at Arley in August fed amicably wi th House Sparrows, on spilt grain. Another was at Maxstoke on May 10.

Worcs One at Broadway on July 22.

Cockatiel Worcs One over Upton Warren on November 2. Staffs One at Doxey on February 1. W Mid One over Park Lime Pits on July 14.

Grey Cockatiel Staffs One at Branston on May 1.

Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Staffs The Chil l ington bird has now survived for at least 11 years. In autumn

and winter, it roosts wi th Jackdaws.

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Chukar Staffs Two at Gib Torr on April 5.

Wood Duck Warks A drake at Whitacre on November 29. Worcs A pair at Castlemorton on June 21. Staffs A drake at Hollybush Lake on February 15 was also at King's Standing

on 22.

Chinese Swan Goose Worcs Two at Bredons Hardwick on November 22.

Monk Parakeet Staffs One at Porthill on March 18 and April 24.

Cape Shelduck Staffs One f lew west over Branston after spending a short time at Drakelow

(Derbys) on August 30.

Afr ican Glossy Starl ing W Mid A bird thought to be one of the Lamprotornis group of starlings fed

alongside Dunnocks, in a Sutton Coldfield garden on November 8.

Chestnut Teal Staffs An adult drake at Westport on January 23.

Ringed Teal Worcs A drake at Holt on Apri l 25 and intermittently at Upton Warren between

May and December 19.

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Ringing in 1987.

Ringing totals received from individual ringers and the major ringing groups within the area show a total of 11572 birds ringed during 1987, the top ten groups of birds ringed being:—

Tits 29% Finches 16% Warblers 16% Thrushes 9% Swallows/Martins 8% Gulls 4% Buntings 3% Robins 2% Swans 2% Starlings 2% Miscellaneous 9%

All species of Tit, except Crested Tit, were ringed within the area, numbers ranging from 2250 Blue Tits to 8 Bearded Tits. Several long distance movements were recorded, the most notable of which are listed in the section on recoveries.

There was evidence of better finch roosts during 1987 than in the previous season, the January/February roosts, in particular, containing excellent numbers of birds. The predominant finch was the Chaffinch comprising 42% of all finches caught. Greenfinches came next, with 34%, then Bullfinches with 8%. Siskins, which formed 50% of the total finch catch in 1986, represented only 4% of the totals this year. This was undoubtedly due to the abundance of natural food and most Siskins were caught, during 1986, while feeding at nutbags in gardens. Two finch recoveries worthy of note are the adult Brambling recovered as far south as Chapel en le Frith, in Derbyshire, during the breeding season and the Greenfinch, ringed as a first year bird in 1980, found dead over six years later.

Good numbers of warblers were netted, with Wil low Warblers, Blackcaps, Reed Warblers and Chiffchaffs forming 24%, 23%, 19% and 12% of the warbler totals respectively. Interestingly, as in 1986, twice as many Reed Warblers as Sedge Warblers were caught. One longevity record listed in the recoveries shows a Reed Warbler, ringed as an adult, retrapped alive and well nearly six years after ringing.

Very few good catchable thrush roosts were noted. Just over 70% of the thrushes caught were Blackbirds, with winter visiting Fieldfares and Redwings forming only 17% of the total. The eight year old Sutton Coldfield Blackbird listed in the recoveries is worthy of note. Catching at swallow roosts proved to be more productive than in 1986, but Sand Martins again continued to produce low numbers with only 198 being ringed in total during the year.

Four species of gull were ringed in the area during 1987. The Black-headed Gull was again the most common gull ringed and recoveries for this species continue

179

to come from Scandinavia, Western Europe, Poland and Russia. Lesser Black-backed Gulls, Herring Gulls and Common Gulls were also ringed and the most interesting ringing record was that of a nestling Lesser Black-backed Gull ringed within the area.

Good numbers of Pied Flycatcher chicks were again ringed in the Wyre Forest, while the colony of Common Terns at Kingsbury produced a total of 49 pulli. Recoveries of Common Terns from this colony have to date been very few and the one listed in this report is only our second record.

There were no goose roundups during 1987 but the south Staffordshire Mute Swan Study and the monitoring of the Gailey Heronry continued. Both species had a satisfactory breeding season with no evidence of a decline in numbers. Recoveries for Mute Swans and Canada Geese showed good longevity records, wi th a 13 year old Mute Swan and a 14 year old Canada Goose being recorded. Other longevity records include a Lapwing aged 11 years, a Swift aged 13 and a Lesser Black-backed Gull at least 10 years of age.

FOREIGN RECOVERIES - BLACK HEADED GULL

* Ringed West Midlands, recovered abroad. • Ringed abroad, recovered West Midlands.

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MAP OF FOREIGN RECOVERIES EXCLUDING BLACK HEADED GULL

Ringed West Midlands, recovered abroad. • Ringed abroad, recovered West Midlands.

R = Reed Warbler, S = Swallow, Sm = Sand Martin, St = Starling.

Other interesting birds within the 88 species ringed during 1987 included a Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, four Dippers, 11 Nightingales, four Black Redstarts, 15 Wheatears, a Ring Ouzel and a Whinchat.

Finally may I express my gratitude to all the ringers who have, over the past year, sent in ringing recoveries.

A E Coleman Ringing Secretary.

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Selected List of Recoveries involving the Region.

Entries are arranged by species and, within species, by recovery date. Ringing details are given on the first line and recovery details on the second. This report includes recoveries for 1987 and previously unpublished recoveries for earlier years. AII foreign recoveries and movements of greater than 100 kilometres (62 miles) are included. Treatment of movements of less than 100 kilometres depends on the species involved.

Key: Age at ringing: Pull Pullus (nestling) Juv Juvenile (young able to fly) 1Y Bird in its first year 2Y Bird in its second year Ad Adult (at least one year old) Fg Full Grown (age uncertain)

Sex: M Male F Female

Manner of Recovery: v Caught and released with ring + Shot or killed x Found dead or dying vv Ring read in field ? Manner of recovery unknown

Species Ring No. Age/Sex Date Place

Ringer Movement

Cormorant Pull vv

- . 0 6 . 8 7 01.09.87

St Margaret 's Island, Tenby Blithfield Reservoir (Staffs)

(Dyfed)

Grey Heron 1196651 Pull 07.05.87

02.06.87 Gailey Reservoir (Staffs) Nr Great Yarmouth (Dorset)

MRG 254 kms 90 deg

Mute Swan Z35688 Pull 01.09.74

27.01.87 Alrewas (Staffs) Cropston Reservoir (Leics)

CDTM 35 kms 99 deg

Canada Goose 5086093 Ad 10.07.77

+ 15.09.85 5057528 Pull 08.07.72

x 19.03.86

Bodymoor Heath (Warks) Barton on Humber (Humberside) Bodymoor Heath (Warks) Bodymoor Heath (Warks)

CDTM 149 kms 34 deg CDTM

Knot XS56317 Juv 28.08.82 Lea Marston (Warks) MRG

v 10.08.83 Wainfleet (Lines) v 10.09.83 Wainfleet (Lines) x 27.02.87 Alt Estuary (Merseyside) 142 kms

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Lapwing DR29926 Ad 2 8 . 1 1 7 6

x 25 1 1 8 6

Black headed Gull EB30146 2Y 31.01.76

+ 16.06.82 EH70501 2Y 17.01.81

+ 15.09.86 EH60338 Fg 19.02.79

X 11.12.86 EK56282 Fg 08.02 86

X 14.12.86 272437 Pull 13.06.86

X 01.01.87 FC03602 Pull 29.05.85

V 17.01.87 EJ96553 Fg 02.02.83

V 17.01.87 EK56188 2Y 04.01.86

w 17.01.87 631791 Pull 03.07.85

V 17.01.87 3T54650 Pull 13.06.82

V 17.01.87 EJ03027 Fg 20.01.79

V 30.01.87 EH96432 1Y 07.12.85

X 02.02.87

EH96380 Ad 07.12.85 V 24.02.87

EH96297 1Y 18.12.82 X 07.03.87

EB97687 Fg 04.01.86 V 14.03.87

EN91183 Fg 24.01.87 V 20.03.87

EK46275 1Y 07.12.85 V 21.03.87

EH70503 2Y 17.01.81 X 15.05.87

EH06802 Fg 07.02.76 w 27.05.87

EJ45533 Pull 01.07.81 V 31.05.87

EH96133 Fg 16.01.82 X 23.06.87

EJ45037 1Y 09.02.80 w 05.12 87

Lesser black backed Gull GK49527 Ad 31.12.77

v 17.01.87

Blithf ield Reservoir (Staffs) CDTM Elblag, Poland 1418 kms 84 deg

Worcester (Worcs) CMH Mankkaa, Espoo, Uusimaa, Finland 1886 kms 62 deg Bromsgrove (Worcs) PI Ojebyn, Norrbotten, Sweden 1959 kms 43 deg Bromsgrove (Worcs) PI Grantham (Lines) 101 kms 59 deg Wythal l (Worcs) PI Tring (Herts) 104 kms 129 deg Alytus, Lithuania, USSR Stoke on Trent (Staffs) 1703 kms 265 deg Niezgoda, Zmigrod, Wroclaw, Poland Wythal l (Worcs) 1298 kms 274 deg Worth ing (Sussex) Wythal l (Worcs) 201 kms 329 deg Wythal l (Worcs) PI Exeter (Devon) 220 kms 212 deg Alborg, Jylland, Denmark Wythal l (Worcs) 909 kms 235 deg Lichtaart, Antwerpen, Belgium Wythal l (Worcs) 481 kms 286 deg Bromsgrove (Worcs) PI Severn Beach (Avon) 101 kms 203 deg Wythal l (Worcs) PI Bernieres sur Mer, Calvados, 355 kms 164 deg France Wythal l (Worcs) PI Basildon (Essex) 187 kms 120 deg Bromsgrove (Worcs) PI Walton on the Naze (Essex) 234 kms 105 deg Wythal l (Worcs) PI Basildon (Essex) 187 kms 120 deg Wythal l (Worcs) PI Hoofddorp. Noord-Holland. 445 kms 91 deg Netherlands Wythal l (Worcs) PI Godmanchester (Cambs) 116 kms 95 deg Bromsgrove (Worcs) PI Strandby, Jylland, Denmark 982 kms 55 deg Draycote (Warks) BRG Ijsselmeer, Netherlands 458 kms Elford (Staffs) MRG Godmanchester (Cambs) 114 kms 111 deg Bromsgrove (Worcs) PI Bolsward, Friesland, Netherlands 513 kms 82 deg Cannock (Staffs) PI Doorlaatsluis, Zeeland, 411 kms 105 deg Netherlands

Studley (Warks) ARG Wythal l (Worcs) 15 kms 13 deg

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Common Tern XS81911 Pull 01.07.83 Bodymoor Heath (Warks) MRG

X 11.07.87 Nr Retford (Notts) 100 kms 29 deg

Swi f t SE93538 Fg 09 06 74 Belvide Reservoir (Staffs) PGD

X 13.08.87 Acaster Malbis (North Yorks) 155 kms 29 deg

Sand Martin A833999 Fg 08.07.86 Sibculo, Overijssel, Netherlands

V 28.06.87 Meriden (W Mid) 563 kms 269 deg E035674 Juv M 05.09.86 Isle of Grain (Kent)

V 05.07.87 Meriden (W Mid) 195 kms 303 deg

Swal low B964650 Juv 01.09.83 Stubbers Green (W Mid) MRG

? 26.04.86 Abdelkader, Morocco 2042 kms 183 deg A921357 Juv 10.08.85 Stubbers Green (W Mid) MRG

V 08.09.86 Farlington Marshes (Hampshire) 208 kms 163 deg E417543 Pull 06.07.87 Barlaston (Staffs) JAL

V 19.08.87 Wakefield (West Yorks) 90 kms 33 deg E417531 Pull 25.06.87 Barlaston (Staffs) PCF

V 25.10.87 Quarzazate, Morocco 2477 kms 189 deg

Blackbird XC88574 Juv M 16 07 78 Sutton Coldfield (W Mid) CDTM

X 21.04.86 Sutton Coldfield (W Mid) RB10525 Fg M 02 11 86 Reculver (Kent)

V 14.12.86 Weston under Lizard (Staffs) 280 kms 301 deg XE95009 Juv F 26.11.78 Coventry (Warks) BRG

X 10.03.87 Coventry (Warks) XN04973 Ad F 11.02.84 Sutton Coldfield (W Mid) MRG

X 26.04.87 Vattlax, Bromarv, Uusimaa, Finland 1727 kms 62 deg X N 0 5 4 1 8 1Y 08 02 86 Sutton Coldfield (W Mid) MRG

X 27.04.87 Grimstad, Aust-Agder, Norway 970 kms 45 deg XP74645 Ad F 02.11.84 Barrow in Furness (Cumbria) WTJ

V 15.08.87 Cubbington (Warks) 224 kms

Sedge Warbler E531225 1Y 16.08.87 Betley Mere (Staffs) JAL

V 23.08.87 Kenfig Pool (Glamorgan) 191 kms 209 deg

Reed Warbler B958014 Fg M 06 08 83 Droitwich (Worcs) WRG

X 01.05.87 Berrechib, Morocco 2154 kms 192 deg C773337 Fg 11.06.86 Hewell Grange (Worcs) CMG

V 09.05.87 Chew Valley (Avon) 123 kms 201 deg B097727 Fg M 19.07.81 Droi twich (Worcs) S W W

V 19.05.87 Chew Valley (Avon) 110 kms 203 deg C773476 1Y 17.08 86 Hewell Grange (Worcs) CMG

V 25.05.87 Cadzand. Bad Zeeland, Netherlands 382 kms 106 deg

184

C669121 Ad v

18 08.85 30.08.87

Brandon (Warks) St Seurin d'Uzet, France

BRG 766 kms

Garden Warbler C814370

C669290

Juv v Juv X

30.07.86 Lea Marston (Warks) MRG 20 08 86 Dungeness Bird Observatory (Kent) 258 kms 134 deg 13.07.86 Brandon (Warks) BRG 02.05.87 Wyk auf Foehr, Germany 708 kms

Chiffchaff 5N4103 Juv

x

5N4081 Fg v

30.08.86 Castlemorton (Worcs) 17.04.87 Between Wyke Regis and Portland

(Dorset) 19.11.86 Great Malvern (Worcs) 18.04.87 Sandwich Bay (Kent)

WRG

173 kms 184 deg

WRG 268 kms 111 deg

Wil low Warbler 2N7957 1 Y M 17.08.86

v 12.06.87 13120 Juv 05.07.87

v 26.07.87

Eastbourne (Sussex) Great Malvern (Worcs) Betley Mere (Staffs) Cassington (Oxon)

233 kms 312 deg JAL 161 kms 149 deg

Pied Flycatcher B536984 Pull 12.06.83

30.05.87 Old Storridge (Worcs) Beulah (Powys)

WRG 85 kms 271 deg

Bearded Tit C931169 Juv

v 29.06.86 12.10.87

Walberswick (Suffolk) Brandon (Warks) 208 kms

Blue Tit C590227

B965941

Juv 22.09.85 Naseby Reservoir (Northants) v 22.03.86 Tettenhall (W Mid) 79 kms 286 deg 1Y 01.01.85 Norton Canes (Staffs) MRG v 22.03.87 Ware (Herts) 163 kms 125 deg

Great Tit B374737 Ad M 04.01.84

17.04.87 Tamworth (Staffs) Gibraltar Point (Lines)

MRG 148 kms 69 deg

Starling RB31258 Fg F

XP01197 1Y x

20.02.86 Birmingham (W Mid) 07.06.87 Vandziogala, Kaunas, Lithuania,

USSR 17 01 87 Leamington (Warks) 13.07.87 Sonderup, Denmark

CMG 1696 kms 80 deg

BRG 876 kms

185

Chaffinch E184638 2 Y M 08.02.87 Keele University (Staffs) JAL

V 25.03.87 Kampen, Overijssel, Netherlands 552 kms 95 deg C553413 Ad M 12.01.86 Bewdley (Worcs) OF

X 10.04.87 Norderstedt, Schleswig Holstein, 837 kms 80 deg FRG

CI 84607 2Y F 26 02 84 Bewdley (Worcs) DF X 16.05.87 Meselefors, Vasterborten, Sweden 1728 kms 39 deg

Brambling El 84627 2 Y M 07.02.87 Keele University (Staffs) JAL

X 20.07.87 Chapel en le Frith (Derbys) 44 kms 33 deg

Greenfinch VA69155 Fg 11.04.86 Leamington (Warks) BRG

V 01.06.86 Haddenham (Cambs) 113 kms NJ01793 1 Y M 20.11.80 Dunley (Worcs) JRM

X 03.03.87 Dunley (Worcs) VB68707 2YF 23.01.87 Barlaston (Staffs) JAL

V 20.04.87 Corby (Northants) 111 kms 118 deg

Siskin C741201 Ad M 26.01.86 Barrow Gurney Reservoir (Avon)

V 15.03.86 Sutton Coldfield (W Mid) 144 kms 24 deg C937520 A d M 07.03.86 Woking (Surrey)

V 03.04.86 Wolverhampton (W Mid) 179 kms 323 deg C992963 1Y 26.03.86 Wheathampstead (Herts) 152 kms

V 11.04.86 Wolverhampton (W Mid) 152 kms 305 deg CO10903 1 Y M 05.05.86 Strathclyde (Scotland)

V 15.02.87 Sutton Coldfield (W Mid) 488 kms 154 deg KJ07670 1 Y M 28.03.86 Hemel Hempstead (Herts)

V 08.03.87 Sutton Coldfield (W Mid) 131 kms 315 deg C811420 Ad F 09 .0387 Wolverhampton (W Mid) MRG

V 22.03.87 Wirral (Merseyside) 109 kms 325 deg E258308 Ad F 27.02.87 Aldershot (Hampshire)

V 04.04.87 Wolverhampton (W Mid) 1 / 9 kms 328 deg C773278 2 Y M 12.02.86 Birmingham (W Mid) CMG

V 09.04.87 Scone (Tayside) Scotland 456 kms 348 deg C814222 Ad M 30 03.86 Sutton Coldfield (W Mid) MRG

X 15.05.87 Kinnoir (Huntley) Scotland 547 kms 345 deg

186

List of Contr ibutors

ARG Arden Ringing Group BRG Brandon Ringing Group PGDPCF PG Deans PCF PC Fontana DF D Fulton CMG CM Griff iths CMH CM Hemmings PI P Ireland WTJ WT Jackson JAL JA Lawrence MRG Mercian Ringing Group CDTM CDT Minton JRM JR Mountford SWW SW Walker WRG Wychavon Ringing Group

Key to Contr ibutors

The following members and non-members have forwarded material for the Report:

DJ Abbott ID Broadbent H Dennant JL Allton RC Broadbent L Dolman M Andrews RFE Butler AK Dolphin GA Arnold M Doughty LA Arnold J Cardno PW Downing MA Arnold L Carter Doxey Marshes NG Arnold N Carter Birdwatching Gr JA Asbury PW Cashmore DF Draper K Aslett SL Cawthray J Drewett PF Atherton JA Childwick IG Duncan GR Avery ES Clare SM Dungey

KG Clifford W Dutton TJ Bagley DJ Clifton JA Baker T Cockburn MJ Eccleshall F Baldry W Collingham OW Emley VA Baldry R Cook (Mrs) G Evans J Barlow C Cooper T Evans M Barlow ML Creswell JC Eyre-Dickinson NP Barlow MB Crips DA Barnes M Cripps N Follows PG Barratt G Crook PC Fontana LR Bayes A Curran J Frost JT Belsey M Frost ARM Blake K Dale (Mrs) ME Blunt R Dangerfield AO Garra Dr B Boal H Darwen (H Da) ND Galloway MD Boote AR Dean Gl Giles T Boyce PK Dedicoat D Goodwin R Bradbury GB Degg DN Gosling

187

GA Greatholder IR Machin NG Greatholder JW Manning FC Gribble GJ Mant

DS Marland A Hancock T Marshall SC Hancox JP Martin RE Harbird C Mason JA Hardman GA McCleverty G Hayes A Monks GM Hayes I Moore W Hayes R Moore (Ms) SM Haynes NJ Morgan AWP Hearn A Moulden RFW Hemming NJ Moulden SG Hextell

NJ Moulden

T Hextell PP Newell R Higgins JL Newman JK Higginson S Newman TM Hinett D Nichols J Hodson GK Nicholls JJ Holian JS Nockels JV Holtham K Noon RR Howl A Normand SJ Huggins R Normand RA Hume SD Normand GC Hunt Nuneaton and District PD Hyde Bird Watchers Club

MJ Inskipp S Nuttall

AG Jackson J Oliver WT Jackson VJ Osborne

AF Jacobs CC Owen

S Jaggs A Palmer MD James A Palmer

RJ Jennett D Parr DA Jennings AJ Payne

DA Jeynes Pensnett Wildlife Group

G Jones (Mrs) GH Peplow

M Jones WF Peplow WRH Peplow

A Keatley TA Perry DJ Kightley EG Phillips RJ King BL Kington HS Quinney R Knightbridge

J Raby G Laight B Reavey PS Lathbury J Reece JA Lawrence PF Rhodes CB Lee JHW Ridley J Liggins G Robinson TCE Link SA Roper Dl Long MD Rowbottom EW Longman G Lowe MD Savery WJ Lowe DJ Scanlon RS Lucking S Seal

MA Shepherd JH Sirrett D Skidmore (DSK) D Smallshire P Smallwood M Smart NJ Smith South Warwickshire

Survey Team JD Stanney D Stephens MA Stephens KR Stone NR Stone J Stratford G Summers

AS Thompson C Timmins JL Tromans T Trueman JM Turner ME Turner

DJ Underhill J Underwood

M Varney D Vernon S Vessey

TWade D Waite Ml Wakeman DIM Wallace T Ware A Warr A Warren Warwickshire Natural

History Society A Weeks SK Welch DC Westbrook PF Whitehead IC Whitehouse SM Whitehouse J Wilkinson G Williams J Will iams (scripted only) JR Winsper D Wins AJ Wood RN Woodland MWC Woodwood D Wynne-Jones

DW Yalden

188

Submission of Records

All contributors are asked to refer to A Checklist of the West Midlands and a Guide to Status and Record Submission for full guidance on the submission of records. Al l records should be sent to the County Recorders as soon after the year end as possible. Records received beyond February may not get included and those received after that seriously hold the report up.

A ful l description is not necessary for the less rare or difficult species, but enough to show how the species was identified. Such descriptions should be accompanied by brief details of the circumstances of the report and the observer's experience of the species and other, similar species. Lack of proper descriptions may lead to records being rejected.

Records of the following species will not be published unless they are supported by adequate descriptions.

All national rarities (not published unless accepted by the British Birds Rarities Committee) All out-of-season migrants Unusual races Divers Grebes, other than Great Crested or Little Petrels and Shearwaters Gannet and Shag Herons other than Grey Storks and Spoonbill Whooper Swan Geese, other than Canada, Greylag and feral Snow and Barnacle Ducks: Ruddy Shelduck, Red-crested Pochard, Ferruginous Duck, Eider, Long-

tailed Duck, all Scoter spp except Common, Smew, Red-breasted Merganser Birds of Prey, except Sparrowhawk, Buzzard, Kestrel and Hobby Quail and Golden Pheasant Crakes other than Water Rail Waders: Avocet, Stone-Curlew, Kentish Plover, Dotterel, Temmincks's Stint,

Pectoral Sandpiper, Purple Sandpiper, Buff-breasted Sandpiper, Phalaropes Skuas Gulls: Mediterranean, Sabine's, Iceland and Glaucous Terns: Sandwich, Roseate and Little Auks Ring-necked Parakeet Long-eared Owl (summer only) Hoopoe and Wryneck Woodlark and Shorelark Pipits: Richard, Tawny and Water Wagtails: Blue-headed, White (autumn only)

189

Bluethroat, Black Redstart Warblers: Cetti's, Savi's, Marsh, Icterine, Melodious, Dartford, Yellow-Browed Firecrest Red-breasted Flycatcher Golden Oriole Shrikes Chough, Hooded Crow, Raven Finches: Serin, Twite, Mealy Redpoll Buntings: Lapland, Snow, Cirl and Ortolan

Jack Snipe Chasewater Oct. 1987

Scaup Westport Jan. 1987

P. Ward

W. J. Low

Ring-billed Gull Westport Mar. 1987 W. J. Low

Marsh Warbler N. Ronaldsay Spring 1987 P. Donnelle

Scandinavian Rock Pipit Chasewater Mar. 1987 P. Ward

Waxwing Lichfield Feb. 1987 W. J. Low

Black-throated Diver Chasewater Dec. 1987 P. Ward

Long-tailed Duck Chasewater Dec. 1987 P. Ward

Phototypeset and Printed by Quorn Selective Repro Ltd., Loughborough, England