ANNUAL REPORT · 2017-12-07 · ANNUAL REPORT 2007/2008 MUHIMBILI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED...
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MUHIMBILI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES ANNUAL REPORT 2007/2008
Transcript of ANNUAL REPORT · 2017-12-07 · ANNUAL REPORT 2007/2008 MUHIMBILI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED...
MUHIMBILI UNIVERSITYOF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
ANNUAL REPORT2007/2008
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Table of Contents
List of Tables i
List of Figures ii
List of Abbreviations iii
Milestones of MUHAS iv
Members of the Muhimbili University Council vi
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Top Management vii
Vice Chancellor’s Preface viii
1.0 Introduction and Background 1
2.0 Vision and Mission of the University 2
2.1 Vision 2
2.2 Mission 2
2.3 Functions of the University 2
2.4 University Organizational Structure 3
2.5 University Academic Programmes 3
2.6 Student Admissions 6
2.6.1 Diploma Students 6
2.6.2 Undergraduate Students 6
2.6.3 Postgraduate Students 7
2.7 Student Outputs 7
2.7.1 Diploma Students 7
2.7.2 Undergraduate Students 8
2.7.3 Postgraduate Students 8
2.8 Examination results 2007/2008 8
2.8.1 Diploma 8
2.8.2 Undergraduate 9
2.8.3 Postgraduate 9
2.9 Graduation Ceremony 2006 9
2.10 Student Academic Staff Ratio 10
3.0 Human Resources 11
3.1 Academic Staff by Qualification 11
3.2 Academic Staff Development 11
3.3 Academic Staff Recruitment 11
3.4 Academic Staff by Age and Sex 12
3.5 Administrative and Technical Staff Recruitment 12
3.6 Administrative and Technical Staff by Age and Sex 13
3.7 Technical Staff by Age and Sex 13
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3.8 Administrative and Technical Staff by Qualification and Sex 14
3.9 Promotions 15
4.0 Activities Implemented in Schools, Directorates, Academic
and Research Institutes 16
4.1 School of Medicine 16
4.2 School of Pharmacy 17
4.3 School of Dentistry 18
4.4 School of Nursing 19
4.5 School of Public Health and Social Sciences 19
4.6 Institute of Allied Health Sciences 20
4.7 Institute of Traditional Medicine 22
4.8 Directorate of Postgraduate Studies 23
4.9 Directorate of research and Publication 24
4.10 Directorate of Planning and Development – Muhimbili 26
4.11 Directorate of Planning and Development – Mloganzila 28
4.12 Directorate of Information Communication and Technology Services 29
4.13 Directorate of Library services 30
4.14 Directorate of Continuing Education and Professional Development 31
4.15 Office of the Dean of Students 33
5.0 Links and Collaboration 35
6.0 Research Projects, Consultancy and Publications 40
6.1 Research Projects 40
6.2 Public services 58
6.3 Publications 58
7.0 Obituary 69
8.0 Appendix - Audited Financial Statement for year ended
30th June 2006 73
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List of TablesTable 1: Academic Programmes since 2002/03 - 2007/08 4
Table 2: Student academic staff ratios 10
Table 3: Academic staff promotions 15
Table 4: Number of Elective Students in Other Hospitals in the
Country: 2006 - 2007 36
Table 5: Exchange and Collaborative Activities on Development
and reviewed 37
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List of Figures
Figure 1: University Organizational Structure 3
Figure 2: Academic Programmes 4
Figure 3: Applicants Vs Admitted students 7
Figure 4: Diploma, Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students Outputs 8
Figure 5: Undergraduate Examination Results 9
Figure 6: Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate student outputs 10
Figure 7: Academic Staff by Qualification 11
Figure 8: Age distribution for academic staff by sex 12
Figure 9: Age distribution for the administrative staff by sex 13
Figure 10: Age distribution for the Technical staff by sex 14
Figure 11: Administrative and Technical staff by qualification and sex 15
Figure 12: Trends of Publications at MUHAS 2001 - 2007 58
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ABBOTT A global, broad-based health
care company devoted to
discovering new medicines,
new technologies and new
ways to manage health.
AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome
AMIH Action Medeor International
Health Care
BMLS Bachelor of Medical
Laboratory Sciences
BPharm Bachelor of Pharmacy
BSc Bachelor of Science
CE Continuing Education
CVCPT Committee of Vice
Chancellors and Principals
Tanzania
DARUSO Dar es Salaam University
Student Organization
DCEPD Directorate of Continuing
Education and Professional
Development
DMSJ Dar es Salaam Medical
Student Journal
GDC Gender Dimension
Commitee
GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft fur
Technische Zusammenarbeit
HIV Human Immunodeficiency
Virus
IAHS Institute of Allied Health
Sciences
ICT Information Communication
Technology
IFLA International Federation of
Library Associations
KCMC Kilimanjaro Christian
Medical College
LIPHEA Leadership Initiative of
Public Health in East Africa
MD Doctor of Medicine
MHEST Ministry of Higher Education
Science and Technology
MMed Master of Medicine
Mpharm Master of Pharmacy
MNH Muhimbili National Hospital
MoE&VT Ministry of Education and
Vocational Training
MoH&SW Ministry of Health and Social
Welfare
MoF Ministry of Finance
MUHASA Muhimbili Academic Staff
Assembly
MUHAS Muhimbili University of
Health and Allied Sciences
MUHASSO Muhimbili University of
Health and Allied Sciences
Student Organization
MSc Master of Science
MTC Medical Training Centre
NORAD Norwegian Agency for
Regional Development
OPAC On Line Public Access
Catalogue
PEDP Primary Education
Development Programme
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
PI Principal Investigator
PPP Public Private Partnership
RAAWU Researchers Academic and
Allied Workers Union
RDTC Regional Dermatology
Training Centre
SEDP Secondary Education
Development Programme
Sida/SAREC Swedish International
Development Agency/
Department for Research
Cooperation
SMZ Serikali ya Mapinduzi
Zanzibar
TATCOT Tanzania Training Centre for
Orthopedic Technology
THANE Tanzania HIV and AIDS
National Education
TLA Tanzania Library Association
UK United Kingdom
URPC University Research and
Publication Committee
WHO World Health Organization
List of Abbreviations
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Milestones of MUHAS1963 The Dar es Salaam School of Medicine established under MoH
1968 The Dar es Salaam School of Medicine becomes the Faculty of Medicine of the
University College of Dar es Salaam a constituent College of the University of East
Africa.
1969 Faculty of Medicine launches an intensive course in biomedical sciences for diploma
students. This was meant to convert the diplomas to the Bachelor of Medicine and
Bachelor of Surgery (MB;ChB) degree which was being offered by the University of
East Africa.
1968 The Factulty of Medicine becomes Faculty of Medicine of the Dar es Salaam
University College.
1974 Faculty of Medicine launches a three-year Bachelors degree in Pharmacy in the
Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences.
1974 Traditional Medicine Research Unit is launched within Muhimbili.
1976 Faculty of Medicine and Muhimbili Hospital merge to form Muhimbili Medical Centre
(MMC).
1979 A five-year degree course in Doctor of Dental Surgery starts in the Division of
Dentistry.
1989 A Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree and Faculty of Nursing established.
1991 Faculty of Medicine upgraded into a constituent College of the University of Dar es
Salaam and in July the Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences becomes
established.
1991 The Institute of Allied Health Sciences established from the former paramedical
schools.
1997 Programme Management Unit is created to address planning and development
issues in the College.
2000 MMC is disestablished to create two closely linked but autonomous public
institutions known as MUCHS and Muhimbili National Hospital and the University
moves from the Ministry of Health to the Ministry of Science Technology and Higher
Education.
2001 A Bachelors of Science in Environmental Health starts in the IPH predecessor of
School of Public Health and Social Sciences.
2003 Faculties upgraded into Schools to make them more autonomous.
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2003 Programme Management Unit is upgraded into a Directorate of Planning and
Development.
2004 University acquires 3800 acres of prime land on the outskirts of Dar es Salaam for
future expansion.
2004 Two programmes, Bachelor of Science Nursing Management and Bachelor of Science
in Midwifery, start in the School of Nursing.
2005 Establishment of Directorates of Planning and Development for Mloganzila and
Muhimbili Campus
2006 Department of Library services is upgraded to a Directorate.
2006 Establishment of the Unit of Continuing education under Directorate of Postgraduate
Studies
2007 Established Directorate of Continuing Education and Professional Development
2007 The MUCHS upgraded to a full fledged University.
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Members of the Muhimbili University Council
Name Address Position1. Mr. D.A. Ntukamazina MUHAS Council Chairperson
2. Hon. Dr. Lucy Nkya(MP) Appointee of National Assembly Vice – Chairperson
3. Prof. K.J. Pallangyo VC MUHAS Member
4. Mr. W.C. Mukama Permanent Secretary- MoH&SW Member
5. Prof. W.S. Abel Director of MoE & VT Member
6. Prof. L.E.K. Lema Executive Director, MNH Member
7. Prof. R. Mukandala Appointee of CVCPT Member
8. Dr. M.S. Jidawi Permanent Secretary, MoH&SW(SMZ) Member
9. Ms. I. Kasambala Representative, MoF Member
10. Ms. Rose Masenga Representative, MoE&VT Member
11. Prof. C.A. Mkony Appointee of Senate Member
12. Prof. O. Ngassapa Appointee of Senate Member
13. Dr. T.B. Nyambo Appointee of MUHASA Member
14. Mr. H. Mwevi Appointee of RAAWU member
15. Dr. R.I. Mhina Appointee of GDC Member
16. Hon.K.F. Rwilomba (MP) Appointee of National Assembly Member
17. Mr. Godbless Charles Appointee of MUHASSO Member
18. Ms. Martha Nkya Appointee of MUHASSO Member
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Muhimbili University of Health and Allied
Sciences Top Management
Prof. D. Ngassapa
Deputy Vice Chancellor – Academic Research
and Consultancy
Prof. B.S. Lembariti
Deputy Vice Chancellor – Planning,
Finance and Administration
Prof. K. Pallangyo
Vice Chancellor
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The 2006/2007 annual report was prepared when the institution was in transition during the
period of transformation from a University College to a full fledged University. Although the
University activities were continuous, the transformation required creation of new administrative
structures, acquisition of relevant human resources and efforts to solicit for financial resources to
effectively run the University in its new entity. This is therefore the first annual report of Muhimbili
University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS).
During the reporting period (2007/2008) the University reviewed the implementation of the
activities stipulated in its 2003/2004 – 2007/2008 five year rolling strategic plan which ended
in June 2008 and developed its new five year rolling strategic plan for the period 2008/2009 –
2012/2013. The main objective of the just ended strategic plan was to consolidate the institutional
achievements and advance the vision to become a full fledged University. The current five year
rolling strategic plan is designed to enhance the institution’s capacity to respond effectively to its
local and external environments, optimize the use of existing physical and human resources and
build effective partnerships with stakeholders; exploit opportunities for growth and expansion
in order to realize its vision. The implementation of the new five year rolling strategic plan
commenced effectively on 1st July 2008.
The dynamism of MUHAS in the development of new academic programs to further its vision has
been maintained. As reported in the previous year MUHAS programs had increased by 183% over
a period of five years (2002/2003- 2006/2007). During the reporting period (2007/2008) six new
academic programs were developed in line with the National requirements of human resource
for health. Specialized programs were established in the areas of Neurology, Pulmonary Medicine,
Parasitology/Medical Entomology, Applied Epidemiology, Epidemiology and Laboratory
Management and Clinical Pharmacology. Essentially there was a 9.2% increase in academic
programs over the previous year, from 65 to 71 academic programs. Student performance in
examinations has remained optimal and the attrition rate has been consistently low. During the
Vice Chancellor’s Preface
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reporting period only 0.24% (5) out of 2098 students who sat for examinations were discontinued
on academic grounds.
Student output has been consistently increasing for most of the programs. During the reporting
period 508 students were awarded degrees in Medicine, Pharmacy, Dentistry, Nursing, Public
Health and Social Sciences, Diploma in Allied Health Sciences, Masters in various Clinical and
public health disciplines and one (1) candidate was awarded a Doctor of Philosophy degree
(PhD). There was a 35% increase for the postgraduate and a 12.2% increase for the undergraduate
outputs compared to the previous year.
MUHAS continues to pursue its program of student enrolment expansion. During the reporting
period 723 students were admitted in various MUHAS diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate
programs; this is a 25% increase compared to 578 students admitted in the year 2006/2007. In
line with this expansion MUHAS completed the construction of two new lecture theatres, each
with a capacity to accommodate 350 students. The use of these facilities will start next academic
year (2008/2009). In addition to this a new office block for staff has also been completed with a
capacity to accommodate 80 staff. Parallel to increased student enrolment, the student academic
staff ratio improved from 1:8 in the previous year to 1:7 during the period under review and this is
attributable to additional staff completing their PhD, Masters Degrees and 21 new recruitments
in various units.
Staff development has been maintained and 41 academic staff are registered for PhD and
some administrative and technical staff are supported by the institution to acquire additional
qualifications and skills for competence in the performance of their activities. To this end the
University is supporting 79 staff that are pursuing Secondary School education although
completion is moving at a slow rate. The age profiles for both academic and technical staff
indicate that more than 40% of the staff are aged more than 50 years and have less than 10 years
to reach the retirement age of 60 years. This situation is more serious for Technical staff. Whereas
academic staff may continue to serve beyond the retirement age, this is not so for technical
staff. There is therefore a need for MUHAS to be supported for establishment of an expedited
recruitment program and training of this cadre.
Research is an integral core function of the University. MUHAS has therefore continued to
fulfill its function of creation and advancement of knowledge. During the reporting period
the University up- dated its research policy defining research priorities to ensure that research
conducted in the University is in line with national policies and priorities. The University has
maintained and developed new local and international links. During the reporting period the
University established 25 local and international links. Currently the University has more than
65 research projects established through the existing and new collaborations. Research funding
has been largely dependent on donors and during the reporting period (2007/2008) over 98%
of the funding was from development partners. Similar to the previous year the University did
not receive funds from Government for research development. In addition to research links the
University has also elective and student exchange collaborations. During the reporting period
153 elective and /or exchange students were registered at MUHAS.
Dissemination of the research findings through publications in peer reviewed journals,
presentation in both local and international conferences, writing of books and book chapters is
part and parcel of the University responsibilities of generating and sharing knowledge with the
scientific as well as the general community. During the reporting period 201 publications were
produced.
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MUHAS continues to pursue its vision of expansion and establishment of a new campus at
Mloganzila. The program has gained Government support and during the reporting period
evaluation of the villager’s properties at Mloganzila, Kwembe and Kisopwa has been ongoing. The
Government approved 1.5 billion Tanzanian shillings for compensation of the villagers residing
at Mlongazila and the University in Collaboration with the relevant Government Ministries has
been soliciting for funds from potential partners and investors.
MUHAS acknowledges the strong support from dedicated staff, Government and development
partners. We thank them and look forward to even greater support in furthering our mission and
vision of expansion to the new campus at Mloganzila.
On behalf of the MUHAS Management, I wish to thank the Deans and Directors for their
contribution to this report and the Directorate of Planning and Development Muhimbili Campus
for facilitating its development and production.
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1.0 Introduction and Background
This is the fifth institutional annual report but it is the first annual report of Muhimbili University
of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) which came into being on 28th March 2007. The 2006/2007
annual report was developed while the institution was in transition but effectively took off
following appointment of the University leadership and establishment of the relevant University
organs beginning September 15th, 2007.
While the 2006/2007 annual report focused on assessing the MUHAS development pattern in
the implementation of the institutional strategic plan from 2003/2004 - 2006/2007, with respect
to academic programs, student enrolment, student outputs, examinations and human resource
development. The 2007/2008 annual report assesses the same parameters in comparison with
the previous year.
This annual report highlights progress in academic programs, student enrolment, student
outputs, examinations and human resource development compared to 2006/2007. The report
presents highlights of achievements and challenges from the five constituent schools, six
directorates, Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Institute of traditional Medicine and the office of
the dean of students. It also highlights the research programs undertaken in the University, links
and collaborations, publications and public service activities undertaken by the various units at
MUHAS.
The report presents data and information for the different stakeholders to use in effecting change
in the various units of the institution. You are therefore encouraged to read it analytically and
thoughtfully across units and within units and to take into account the identified gaps in the
implementation of the unit specific strategic plans.
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2.0 Vision and Mission of the University
2.1 Vision
To become a centre of excellence for training of health professionals, quality research and public
service, located in a spacious area with a state of the art University hospital, conducive learning
and working environment and sustainable resource generation.
2.2 Mission
To seek for quality health for the Tanzanian population, through education, training, research
and health services for attainment of equitable socio-economic development.
2.3 Functions of the University
The functions and activities of the University are guided by the following components of the
mission as stipulated in the Charter that established the University.
To provide in Tanzania a place of learning, education, research in health sciences 1.
and through these provide service of a quality required and expected of a University
institution of the highest standard and maintain the respect for scholarship and
academic freedom.
To prepare students through regular and professional courses in the fields of health 2.
and allied health Sciences for degrees, diplomas, certificates and other awards of the
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences.
To contribute to the intellectual life of Tanzania, to act as a focal point for its cultural 3.
development and to be a centre for studies, service, and research pertaining to the
interests of the people of Tanzania
To be the main producer of key policy makers, experts and personnel in the health 4.
sector.
To be a catalyst in the health sector reforms through conducting relevant research and 5.
educating the public in health related issues
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Chancellor
University Council
Vice Chancellor
DVC – Planning, Finance
and Administration
DVC – Academic,
Research and
Consultancy
Deans and Directors Deans and Directors
Figure 1: University Organizational Structure
2.4 University Organizational Structure
2.5 University Academic Programmes
The University academic programmes have continued to grow reflecting the development of the
institutional professional technical output. During the reporting period the University established
6 new programmes namely MSc. Neurology, MSc. Pulmonary Medicine, MSc. Parasitology,
MSc. Applied Epidemiology, MSc. Epidemiology and Laboratoty Mangemnt and MSc. Clinical
Pharmacology. This is an important addition taking into account the national needs for health
personnel. All these programmes commenced in the academic year 2007/2008. Currently the
University has 71 academic programmes as listed in table1.
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Figure 2: Academic Programmes
The number of academic programmes has been increasing consistently over the past six years
from 23 in the year 2002/03 to the current 71 programmes. During the reporting period the
academic programs offered at MUHAS increased by 9.2% over the previous year. Figure 2 below
shows the general trend of the number of academic programmes established since 2002/03 to
2007/08.
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Table 1: Academic Programmes since 2002/03 - 2007/08
Name of the
SchoolOld Programmes New Programmes
Medicine BMLS Parasitology
BMLS Microbiology & Immunology
BMLS Haematology & Blood Transfusion
BMLS Clinical Chemistry
BMLS Histotechnology
BSc Radiation Therapy Technology
MD
MSc. Anatomy
MSc. Haematology & Blood Transfusion
MSc. Cardiology
MSc. Nephrology
MSc. Neurosurgery
M.Med Radiology
M.Med Anaesthesiology
M.Med Haematology & Blood Transfusion
M.Med Histopathology
M.Med Internal Medicine
M.Med Microbiology & Immunology
M.Med Obstetrics/Gynaecology
M.Med Ophthalmology
M.Med Orthorpedics/Traumatology
M.Med Paediatrics & Child Health
M.Med Psychiatry
M.Med Surgery
M.Med Otorhinolaryngology
M.Med Anatomical Pathology
PhD
Master of Science
Neurologyv Pulmonary Medicinev Clinical v Pharmacology
M.Med Urologyv
Pharmacy B. Pharm
M. Pharm Hospital and Community
Pharmacy
M. Pharm Clinical Pharmacy
M. Pharm Industrial Pharmacy
M. Pharm Quality Assurance and Quality
Control
M. Pharm Medicinal Chemistry
M. Pharm Pharmacognosy
M. Pharm Pharmaceutical Microbiology
PhD
-
Dentistry Doctor of Dental Surgery
M. Dent. Oral Surgery
M. Dent. Oral Pathology
M. Dent. Restorative Dentistry
M. Dent. Public Health
PhD
-
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Name of the
SchoolOld Programmes New Programmes
Nursing Diploma in Nursing
BSc. Nursing
BSc. Nursing (Management)
BSc. Nursing (Midwifery)
MSc. Critical Care and Trauma Nursing
MSc. Mental Health Nursing
PhD
-
Public Health
and Social
Sciences
BSc. Environmental Health Sciences
MA Health Policy and Management
Master of Public Health (MPH)
Master of Science in Tropical Diseases
Control (MSc.TDC)
M.Med Community Health
PhD
Master of Science
Parasitologyv Applied v Epidemiology
Epidemiology v and Laboratory
management
Institute of
Allied Health
Sciences
Advanced Diploma in
Dermatovenereology,
Advanced Diploma in Medical Laboratory
Sciences,
Advanced Diploma in Nursing education
Diploma in Environmental Health
Sciences
Diploma in Diagnostic Radiography
Diploma in Medical Laboratory Sciences
Diploma in Orthopaedic Technology
Diploma in Pharmaceutical Sciences
Diploma in Prosection
Diploma in Nursing
-
2.6 Student Admissions
2.6.1 Diploma Students
During the reporting period 358 diploma students were admitted in various MUHAS diploma
programs this is 73.8% increase compared to 206 students admitted in the year 2006/2007. The
current enrolment is 619 diploma students of which 337 are males and 282 are females. This means
that female students represent 49.6% of the total. At MUHAS the diploma program admission
seem to be in line with the national agenda for gender balance.
2.6.2 Undergraduate Students
The number of students admitted during 2007/08 into all undergraduate programs was 310 out of
913 applicants this is only 34% of all the applicants. In 2006/2007 a total of 1215 candidates applied
for admission into MUHAS undergraduate programs of Medicine, Pharmacy, Dentistry, Nursing and
Public Health. Of these only 315(25.9%) were selected for admission. Similar to the year 2006/2007
the majority (66%) of the applicants who were qualifying to enter into the MUHAS programs were
not admitted due to limited capacity (Fig.3). Inadequate physical facilities, financial and human
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resources are the mitigating factors against the MUHAS enrolment expansion program, which
will reach its target with acquisition of adequate teaching facilities and other resources.
Figure 3: Qualifying Vs Admitted students
2.6.3 Postgraduate Students
The number of postgraduate students has been consistently increasing from 2003/04 to 2007/08.
During the reporting period 99 students were admitted in various postgraduate programs. Unlike
undergraduate students the admissions of postgraduates has been consistently low. However,
during the period under review there was a 73.7% increase over the previous year (2006/2007)
during which 57 students were admitted. This is a significant increase, which may be due to the
increased awareness of the programs and popularity of the newly introduced programs.
2.7 Student Outputs
2.7.1 Diploma Students
During the reporting period 160 diploma students completed their studies. Figure 4 below shows
the trend of diploma students awarded diploma certificates for the past seven years (2001/02-
2007/08). There has been no consistent trend in the number of qualifying candidates, however
in the year 2006/2007, 200 students completed their studies, compared to 2007/2008 during
which there was a 20% decrease in output. Factors which led to this drop cannot be discerned
from the available data, but a number of factors may have contributed to the decrease including,
retention problems and attrition related to examination performance.
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Figure 4: Diploma, Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students Outputs
2.7.2 Undergraduate Students
The number of graduating undergraduates has been rising steadily for the past six years from
83 in 2001/02 to 294 in 2007/08. During the reporting period 294 students graduated from,
Medicine, Pharmacy, Dentistry, Nursing and Public Health and Social Sciences courses. There was
an increase of 12.2% in the number of graduates compared to the previous year, (Figure 4 above).
This increasing trend is attributable to the student enrolment expansion program, improved
retention and decreased attrition rates.
2.7.3 Postgraduate Students
The postgraduate students output has been consistently low due to small numbers of candidates
admitted in the postgraduate programs over the years (Figure 4 above). During the reporting
period 50 students graduated. There is an improvement compared to the previous year where
only 37 students graduated. The 35% increase in the postgraduate graduate output may be
attributable to the increased recruitment and retention.
2.8 Examination results 2007/2008
2.8.1 Diploma
Figure 5 shows the number of diploma students who sat for examination and their performance
during the reporting period. The results indicate that out of 613 students who sat for examination,
435 (70.9%) passed at first sitting. However, seventy two (14.3%) students were referred to
supplementary examinations and no students were discontinued. Compared to the previous
year there is a slight increase in performance of 0.2%.
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2.8.2 Undergraduate
Figure 5 shows the number of undergraduate students who sat for examination and their
performance during the reporting period (2007/2008). The results indicate that out of 1341
undergraduate students who sat for examination, 836 (62.3%) passed at first sitting. In the
previous year 75.4% of the candidates passed in the first sitting. During the reporting period 395
(29.5%) students were referred to supplementary examinations compared to 300 (21%) students
who were referred during 2006/2007and 5 (0.4%) students were discontinued.
Figure 5: Undergraduate Examination Results
2.8.3 Postgraduate
Figure 5 above shows the number of postgraduate students who sat for examination and results.
One hundred and forty four (144) postgraduate students sat for examination during the reporting
period. The results indicate that 128 (88.9%) passed while 16(11.1%) students were referred to
supplementary. Compared to previous year the performance slightly decreased by 0.1%
2.9 Graduation Ceremony 2007
During the reporting period MUHAS marked its 1st graduation ceremony on 15th December 2007
at MUHAS grounds. At this graduation ceremony a total of 508 graduants were awarded degrees
and diplomas including; 163 students who were awarded diplomas, 294 students awarded
first degrees in MD, DDS, BPharm, BScNursing, BScN Midwifery, BScN Management and BSc.
Environmental Health Sciences. In addition to that 51 graduants were awarded postgraduate
degree in Master of Medicine, Master of Dentistry and Master of Public Health and one student
was awarded a PhD. The number of postgraduate graduants increased by 14 (37.8%) compared
to the previous year where only 37 students graduated. The number of graduates for the year
2007/2008 did not increase appreciably there was only a 1.8% increase over the previous year.
The number of female graduates in the year 2007/2008 was 168(33%) compared to 178(35.7%)
of female students who graduated during the previous year. There is a 6% drop in the number
of female graduates. However this may be reflected by the level of female students recruited in
the programs
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2.10 Student Academic Staff Ratio
The Student staff ratio is an indicator of the load of the staff which may impact on quality of
teaching and learning. The ratio is also used to measure the level of utilization of the academic
human resource at the institution. During the reporting period the student staff ratio improved
from 1:8 in the year 2006/07 to 1:7 in year 2006/07 (Table 2).
Table 2: Student academic staff ratios
2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/2008
Students 1552 1564 1816 2004 1842 2050
Staff 175 205 211 217 222 235
Student - Staff Ratio 1:9 1:8 1:9 1:9 1:8 1:7
Figure 6: Diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate student outputs by gender
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3.0 Human Resources
3.1 Academic Staff by Qualification
The University is generally one of the institutions with the highest concentration of highly trained
manpower. Figure 7 shows that the majority of the academic staff members have been trained to
the level of PhD and masters. During the reporting period the number of academic staff with PhD
and Masters were 74 and 159 respectively. The first Degree holders were 40 and Diplomas were
46. These staff serve in the various MUHAS schools and institutes of relevant expertise.
Figure 7: Academic Staff by Qualification
3.2 Academic Staff Development
The University continued to develop and train academic staff as a prerequisite for a higher
learning institution academic staff. During the reporting period a total of 50 academic staff were
progressing well with their studies. Forty one (41) are registered for PhD programs including 21
females and 20 males. Also the University has 9 staff registered for Masters Programmes of which
8 are males and 1 is female.
3.3 Academic Staff Recruitment
In the year 2006/2007 MUHAS was allowed to fill 200 positions for academic staff and 19
academic staff were recruited. During the reporting period (2007/2008) 21 were employed and
allocations were made as follows;12 to the School of Medicine, 3 to the School of Nursing and
one (1) staff was allocated to each of the following units ,the School of Pharmacy, School of
Dentistry, and Directorate of Library Services. The University’s recruitment rate has been slow
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and has not been able to fill the 200 positions, because of scarcity of human resource for health
which is not only local but is a global problem. In addition to that the remuneration package for
the public institutions is not attractive enough to attract the competent applicants who meet the
criteria for academic staff recruitment.
3.4 Academic Staff by Age and Sex
The age distribution pattern for academic staff is skewed to the upper end as depicted in Figure
8. The majority (43.8%) of the academic staff are aged between 46 and 55 years. About 40% of
the academic staff members are above 50 years, implying that they have less than ten years to
reach the retirement age of 60 years. A more favorable distribution pattern would have been
one with the highest number between 41 and 50 years of age which currently stands at 26% of
the total academic staff workforce. However, it should be noted that the University is served by
6.4% workforce of academic staff members with ages above the retirement age of 60 years. The
proportion of females is 26.4% of the total academic staff at MUHAS and the majority of these
(79%) are aged 50 years and below as opposed to males where 53.2% are aged 50 years and
below. However, the variation in gender distribution should be interpreted taking into account
the existing low proportion of females enrolment into the University during the past three to
four decades.
Figure 8: Age distribution for academic staff by sex
3.5 Administrative and Technical Staff Recruitment
The transformation of the institution into a full fledged University has necessitated creation of
new structures requiring additional staff for effective execution of the relevant administrative
activities. In 2007/2008 therefore, the University employed 21 Administrative and technical staff
to ensure proper running of the institutional activities. MUHAS employed 8 (38%) female staff
out of 21 newly employed staff.
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3.6 Administrative and Technical Staff by Age and Sex
There is a total of 331 administrative and technical staff at MUHAS. The age distribution is
approaching the normal distribution pattern and the majority (70.7%) of the administrative staff
are aged 50 years and below. The age distribution for the administrative staff is skewed to the
lower end (Figure 9) in contrast to that for the academic staff. The proportion of staff in the age
group of 45 years and below (50.8%) is almost equal with those in the age group of 46-60 years
representing a proportion of 49.2% and these will retire within the next 14 years. Although the
general age distribution pattern has remained constant as described, there is an increase in the
proportion of those in the age group of 46 – 60 years (49.2% vs. 41%) compared to the previous
year. Overall 40% of the administrative staff at the University are females as opposed to academic
staff where females are only 26.4%.
Figure 9: Age distribution for the administrative staff by sex
3.7 Technical Staff by Age and Sex
The age distribution pattern for technical staff is skewed to the right as depicted in figure 10
and 64.4% of staff are aged between 46 and 60 years. About 48.9% are aged above 50 years,
implying that they have less than ten years to reach the retirement age of 60 years. Given the
small number (45) of technical staff in the University, there is a need to put in place an effective
recruitment and training schedule for this category. Figure10 also shows that MUHAS has 15
(33.3%) female technical staff. This low proportion reflects the existing general gender imbalance
in most specialized professions.
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3.8 Administrative and Technical Staff by Qualification and Sex
Institutional development and performance is directly related to staff competence which may
be acquired through relevant training in addition to other contributing factors. It is therefore
notable that of all the 331 administrative and technical staff at the University only a small
proportion (11.5%) are trained to degree level and only 17.8% have diploma (figure 11). It is also
notable that the majority of the staff (46.5%) have other qualifications which is basically below
secondary school education. Of significance, the majority (64.3%) of these are males. This pattern
has not changed since last report. However, the University is making efforts to train this group
to secondary school level and so far she is paying for 79 employees, in addition to 8 members
of staff undertaking higher specialized training either to first or masters degrees and others are
doing advanced specialized certificate courses.
Figure 10: Age distribution for the Technical staff by sex
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3.9 Promotions
During the reporting period the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Council
approved the promotion of 18 academic staff to various ranks. Table 3 shows old and new ranks
of all staff promoted
Table 3: Academic staff promotions
S/No. Name Old Rank New Rank
1. Prof. Y.J.S. Mashalla Associate Professor Professor
2. Prof. C.A. Mkony Associate Professor Professor
3. Prof. Angwara Denis Kiwara Senior Lecturer Associate Professor
4. Prof. Olipa Ngassapa Senior Lecturer Associate Professor
5. Prof. A.P. Gesase Senior Lecturer Associate Professor
6. Prof. N.A.A. Mbembeti Senior Lecturer Associate Professor
7. Dr. Julie Makani Lecturer Senior Lecturer
8. Dr. M.M Mafwiri Lecturer Senior Lecturer
9. Dr. C.N.Mcharo Lecturer Senior Lecturer
10. Dr. J. Luande Lecturer Senior Lecturer
11. Dr. A.T. Kessy Lecturer Senior Lecturer
12. Dr. K.D. Mwambete Lecturer Senior Lecturer
13. Dr. M.H. S Chambuso Lecturer Senior Lecturer
14. Dr.S.G. Mung’ong’o Lecturer Senior Lecturer
15. Dr. E.A. Kaale Lecturer Senior Lecturer
16. Dr. D.N. Urassa Lecturer Senior Lecturer
17. Dr.A. Kamuhabwa Lecturer Senior Lecturer
18. Dr. N.J. Carmichael Assistant Lecturer Lecturer
Figure 11: Administrative and Technical staff by qualification and sex
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4.0 Activities Implemented in Schools, Directorates, Academic and Research Institutes
4.1 School of Medicine
Dean’s Statement
The School of Medicine has continued to grow in terms of student
population and academic programmes, currently boasting of an
undergraduate student population of over one thousand and over 200
postgraduate students. Two new undergraduate programmes, Bachelor of
Medical Laboratory Sciences (BMLS) and BSc in Radiotherapy Technology
were launched this academic year. The dormant MMed Haeamatology
and Blood Transfusion programme was revived, and specialist MSc
programmes launched in Haematology and Blood Transfusion, run
in collaboration with Oxford University; MSc in Nephrology, MSc in
Cardiology both run in collaboration with Bergen University in Norway
and Velore Christian Medical College in India. Three students defended their doctoral theses this
year, interestingly, all of them female.
This has been a good year in senior faculty promotions. Dr. Naboth Mbembati and Dr. Ainori
Gesase were promoted to Associate Professor in Surgery and Anatomy respectively, while Yohana
Mashala and Charles Mkony were promoted from Associate Professor to Professor in Physiology
and Surgery respectively. More promotions are expected after the mini review later this year.
The school hosted elective students from Kenya, Germany, United Kingdom, USA and as far afield
as Australia. We value the interaction and cross fertilization of ideas that takes place between
foreign students and our own in these exchanges. In addition we also received students from
universities with whom we have agreements on exchange programmes. These included
University College London, Dalhousie University in Canada and Mie University in Japan. From
Mie University we had two batches of six students, each accompanied by faculty, and the
Interprofessional Dalhousie group this year coincided with a Physician Partnership Programme
(PPP) that had been in the pipeline for a year and came to fruition at last this year. In the PPP four
physicians specializing in Emergency Medicine (three) and Family Medicine (one) spent three
weeks at Muhimbili and one week at Ifakara, teaching and learning by sharing experiences with
local faculty and clinicians. Other faculty visits included those from UCSF and Harvard University
in USA, Erasmus University in the Netherlands and Sassary University in Italy.
As part of the implementation
of the Strategic Plans of the
school the School of Medicine
Consultancy Bureau is at an
advanced stage in planning, and
the proposal is due for submission
to university authorities for
consideration over the next few
weeks.
Prof. C. A. Mkony
A group of medical students from Mie University, Japan, in the
Dean’s office while on a study tour at MUHAS.
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4.2 School of Pharmacy
Dean’s Statement
Staff recruitment and development:
During the reporting period 2007/2008 the School recruited one Tutorial
Assistant, who took up the post in the Department of Pharmaceutical
Microbiology and two technical staff members, one for laboratory
equipment maintenance and the other for pharmaceutical analysis. One
academic staff member Dr. D. Mloka, Department of Pharmaceutical
Microbiology completed her PhD studies successfully, and another, Mrs.
D. Runyoro, Department of Pharmacognosy, returned from India, after
completion of her two years TWAS fellowship, where she carried out part
of the laboratory work for her PhD research. One Tutorial Assistant, Mr. E. Ngaimisi, Department
of Pharmaceutics, registered for PhD studies at Karolinska Institute in Sweden, in the Division
of Clinical Pharmacology. Other six staff members who were on study leave progressed well
with their PhD studies. During the reporting period, the School recorded the highest number of
academic staff promotions in the past fifteen years; a total of six academic staff members were
promoted to higher ranks. These included Prof. O. Ngassapa, who was promoted from Senior
Lecturer to Associate Professor, Drs. K.D. Mwambete, M.H.S. Chambuso, S.G. Mung’ong’o, A.R.
Kamuhabwa and E.A. Kaale, who were promoted from Lecturer to Senior Lecturer level. Dr. A.F
Haule who was earlier appointed Associate Dean, for the School, was later appointed as Dean of
Students in the University.
Teaching and learning:
A total of 34 Semester 1 students were enrolled, out of 40 who were expected and thus the
School had an overall enrollment of 162 BPharm students from Semester 1 to semester 8. Two
Mpharm students were enrolled in the first semester. Teaching and examinations were generally
conducted smoothly. Forty seven Semester 8 students presented findings from their final year
research projects in June 2008. The projects covered varied areas in the pharmaceutical field
such as drug utilization studies, natural products etc. One of the students Ms. Fatima Hussein,
who also presented her research findings at the University-wide Win and Learn event organized
by students, won the award of overall best presentation. Furthemore, during the award giving
ceremony in December 2007 eight students were awarded various prizes for excellent academic
performance during the academic year 2006/2007, with one student Ms. Naazneen Siddik
winning 11 prizes out of the 23 prizes awarded.
The School reviewed its five-year strategic plan, and came up with a reviwed plan for 2008/2009
– 2012/1013, after a school and university-wide workshops to get inputs from stakeholders.
Implementation of the plan has already started.
Links, Projects and consultancy:
A memorandum of understanding between the University of Iowa College Of Pharmacy (UI-CoP)
and our School was signed. This came after discussions between the two parties which were held
earlier. As a result, in July 2008 UI-CoP sent four students to our School for elective fieldwork,
which covered rotations at MNH, ORCI and MSD. In May/June 2008 three staff members from
the School participated in a research networking event at Bangor University, Wales and the Kew
Royal Botanic Garden, U.K. The networking was financed by the Royal Society of Great Britain.
Areas for collaborative research were identified with medicinal plants research in relation to
HIV/AIDS and cancer being given the highest priority. MEDISHARE, a collaborative ICT-based
pharmacoepidemiology project proposal earlier submitted to the EDULINK-ACP programme
was approved for funding by the EU and the project is expected to start in 2008/2009. The
Dr. O. Ngassapa
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partners in the proposed project include CINECA (Italy), as the Lead partner, Almalaurea (Italy),
MUHAS (School of Pharmacy), University of Nairobi and Makerere University. With regard to the
pharmaceutical teaching, R & D project, laboratory renovation progressed and will be completed
in September 2008, after which pieces of equipment which have already been procured will
be installed. Additionally, one technical staff member went to Germany for a short training on
pharmaceutical analysis, with financial assistance from Action Medeor/GTZ.
Staff members in the School facilitated various seminars and workshops, including training of
MSD staff on management of pharmaceuticals and a training funded by WHO on rational use of
medicines, both of which were consultancy services contracted to staff members in the School.
4.3 School of Dentistry
Dean’s Statement
During the Academic year 2007/2008, 11 undergraduates and 5
postgraduate students were enrolled. Whereas 20 undergraduate and 1
postgraduate students successfully completed studies and graduated in
December 2007. Also teaching/examination in both undergraduate and
postgraduate programs continued as planned.
Two members of staff are on PhD studies and they are currently preparing
manuscripts for publication and thesis outline.
Staff recruitment was carried out in two departments namely: The department of Preventive &
Community Dentistry recruited one (1) staff in Paediatric dentistry whereas the department of
Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology recruited one (1) as well.
On research and publications during the reporting period 2007/2008, the department of
Preventive and Community Dentistry produced three publications while the department or
Restorative Dentistry produced two and all were published in peer reviewed journals.
As part of continuing education, the School conducted one international course in oral
maxillofacial surgery in the department of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology and the department
of Preventive and Community Dentistry organized one internal course on global health in July
2008.
The School continued with its efforts to renovate the dental building in order to improve teaching
and learning environment and to enhance the quality of services. The renovation entailed
replacements of defective ceiling boards, painting of internal walls, and repair of clinical cabinets
and installation of new air conditioners in some lecture /clinical rooms. With the kind assistance
from the University, other development partners and the Government, the school acquired a
number of essential equipment including orthopantomogram (x-ray machine), phantom units,
water pumps and several hand instruments. The school received two new compressors (4 HP –
1.5 HP) and ten new dental chairs and units were installed.
Furthermore, a hospital architect from Finland visited the school in May 2008. During his visit he
evaluated the physical state of the dental building, electrical and piping systems in order to assist
the school in terms of equipment and acquisition of dental materials.
Dr. E.N. Kikwilu
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4.4 School of Nursing
Dean’s statement
During 2007/08 the School of Nursing continued to perform its core
functions of teaching, research and service to the public. Two masters
programs for Mental Health Nursing and Critical Care and Trauma
were initiated and approved to start in September 2007. This is a new
milestone for the school. Five and three prospective students have been
admitted for MSc. Mental health Nursing and MSc. Critical Care and
Trauma respectively.
The School has been working on staff development and capacity
building with the following achievements, one academic staff completed his Masters Degree in
Nutrition in November 2007 at Sokoine University. Two completed PhD studies in January and
February 2008 at Bergen University in Norway. One academic staff has registered for PhD studies
at MUHAS and one academic staff will start his master’s degree studies at MUHAS in September
2008. The School was able to recruit one academic staff at a Lecturer position.
The School continued to participate in collaborative projects and research with different
institutions. “The Tanzania HIV/AIDS education Project (THANE)” designed to strengthen Tanzania
capacity to educate nurses about HIV/AIDS treatment and care and “Perceived AIDS Stigma: A
Multinational African Study” are ongoing. A new collaboration project on “Gender, generation
and social mobilization: Challenges of reproductive health and rights among vulnerable groups
in Ethiopia, Sudan and Tanzania 2007 – 2011” between our School and the Department of History
(UDSM); Addis Ababa University; Women’s University, Sudan: and Bergen University was launched
in January 2008.
One academic staff is a facilitator in the leadership and management training of Public Health
professionals in the country under Leadership Initiative for Public Health in East Africa (LIPHEA).
The School developed a “Five Year Rolling Strategic Plan 2008/09 to 2012/13. All School’s activities
are implemented based on the School’s Strategic Plan.
4.5 School of Public Health and Social Sciences
Dean’s Statement
The School of Public Health and Social Sciences continued to address the
core functions of the University that is training, research and community
service including establishment of links and collaborative activities.
Apart from the long standing programmes that have been running for
several years namely the Master of Public Health and Bachelor of Science
in Environmental Health Sciences, a new Master of Arts in Health Policy
and Management was established in collaboration with the Centre for
International Health of the University of Bergen. The Master of Science
in Tropical Diseases was revived while three new Master programmes
were proposed during this period. These include: Master of Science in Applied Epidemiology,
Master of Science in Applied Epidemiology and Laboratory Management and Master of Science
in Parasitology. These programmes are scheduled to start in September 2008. The former two
programmes are run in partnership with the MOH&SW, National Institute for Medical Research,
Communicable Disease Control Centres (CDC) and Network for field Epidemiology. Several
short courses were also conducted and these include: Research Methodology Training Course,
Data Management, Research Ethics, Financial Management of the District Health System and
Dr. T. W. Kohi
Dr. G. Kwesigabo
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Monitoring and Evaluation. Several public lectures were given by Visiting Professors and these
included: How to write fundable research proposals and Survival Times in Clinical Trials involving
patients with Epilepsy.
A memorandum of understanding was signed between MUHAS and Barrick Gold Mining
Company The signing of this memorandum marked the formal establishment of a partnership
with mutual interest in the areas of research, development, education and training, transfer of
technology and dissemination of knowledge between MUHAS and Barrick Gold Company.
A new Department – Environmental and Occupational Health was established during the reporting
period which makes a total of six Departments in the School, others being: Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Behavioural Sciences, Community Health
and Development Studies. The Department will take a lead in Matters of Environmental and
Occupational Health Sciences in the country, the field that has been neglected for some time.
The School became a collaborating partner, (one step to becoming a full member) with the
European Network for Education in International Health TropEd. This is a net work of Schools
of Public Health in the European Region and beyond promoting student and academic staff
exchange within partner Institutions.
An Alliance of Schools of Public Health in Eastern and Central Africa was formed aiming at fostering
collaboration, student and academic staff exchange, transfer of credits, sharing of curricula and
regulating public health training in the region.
Discussion are underway with CDC, UNDP, DHS (Macro), UNICEF, AMREF, TUFTS WAHSA (Work and
Health in Southern Africa) to initiate collaborative partnerships in the areas of training, information
technology, research including best use of available data and capacity strengthening.
4.6 Institute of Allied Health Sciences
Director’s statement
The Institute of Allied Health Sciences runs nine (9) University programmes
and three (3) Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MoH&SW)
Programmes. The University programmes include 6 Ordinary Diploma
and Three (3) Advanced Diploma programmes with 619 students, 337
males, and 282 females. The MoH&SW programmes include 2 Advanced
Diploma and one (1) Ordinary Diploma programme with 79 students, 47
females and 32 males.
As a result of the Muhimbili Medical Centre Reforms, the placement of the
Institute does not feature anywhere neither under the MUHAS (Formerly
MUCHS) nor Muhimbili National Hospital. Recommendations of the Transition Management
Committee (TMC) on the future administrative position of the Institute have been submitted to
the MoH&SW for final decision. In addition to that, several initiatives have been made including
discussion at the Institute level on the destiny of the Institute and the recommendations were
submitted to the MUHAS senate for discussion and approval.
In expanding/Improving Academic Programmes as a result of high demand from the labour
market, the Diploma in Pharmaceutical Sciences (DPS) and Diploma in Medical Laboratory
Sciences (DMLS) programmes were identified for expansion. The DPS proposal has been
developed and discussed at the Institute Board level. It is being finalized for further management
approval.
Mr. S.S Senya
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It has been noted that, most of applicants who are applying for various IAHS programmes are
form six leavers with good passes who are then being considered for selection with form four
results. Suggestions have been given by the CDD Committee to start new programmes for two
years which will consider form six results. The Institute is now working on the modalities of
developing new curricular to suit this new group.
Regarding gender mainstreaming, admission criteria was worked on to offset the gender
imbalance by lowering the cut-off point for females but not going below the minimum entry
qualifications. This strategy has increased the enrolment of female students from 30.0% to
45.6%
Achievements:
The students’ attrition rate generally has been kept below 10% obeying with the Institute strategic
planning target on this aspect.
All the landline telephone services for the nine School programmes at Muhimbili and office of
the Director were connected to the TTCL pre-paid scheme. This move enhanced control over the
telephone bills.
The improvement of the Institute ICT infrastructure is still on process though with difficulties due
to the poor and old existing infrastructures.
Tutors participated in various seminars and workshops for continuing education purposes. Some
joined in various higher education and University within and outside the country.
Major repair was carried in the Nurses Hostel and now the rehabilitation of the block 28 of the
Hostel is about to be completed.
Funds have been allocated by the MoHSW for major rehabilitation of the MTC Hostel. Tendering
process has been done by the MNH and the rehabilitation process has started with the agreement
of completing it before the commencement of the new academic year 2008/2009.
The Institute managed to retain its minimum number of the Administrative and Technical staff
in their various posts. Some staff members completed and some are still continuing with further
studies as follows:
Completed
Bsc.Nursing
Completed
Masters
Cont.
Postgraduate
Diploma
Cont.
Undergraduate
Programs
Cont.
Masters
Programs
3 4 1 4 6
Students’ performance was good that for the MUHAS programmes 72% passed, 23.6%
supplemented and 0.2% failed while all (100%) for MoHSW programmes passed.
The Institute engaged in research activities that 6 research proposals were submitted for review
and funding. Very few staff members were able to publish, less than 5%. The research capacity
in the Institute however, is still very low, efforts are being made to raise the awareness in this
particular area of our responsibilities as the major planned activity.
The Institute Staff were involved in community service (including major consultancies) that about
50-60% took part, especially in the MOH projects.
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Training on Oral Infectious Control to Health Attendants was conducted by ADO School. The
RDTC continued to run a Dermatovenereology clinic in Majengo, Moshi while TATCOT continued
to run a Wheel Chair project at KCMC. Despite the achievements attained the constraints faced
by the Institute were:
Under-funding in all areas.
Unclear administrative position of the institute following the reforms of the former MMC/
MUCHS.
Poor physical infrastructure (buildings especially, administration).
Inadequate information and communication technology (ICT) connections to the Institute.
Low research and publication capacity among members of the Institute.
Insufficient physical space to the Institute in general, but more specifically to Assistant Dental
Officers, Dental Laboratory Technology, Radiography, Nurse Teachers and Nursing (Diploma)
Schools;
Severe shortage of tutors that persisted mainly in the Schools of Medical Laboratory
Technology especially for Advanced Diploma programme which is currently been run 100%
by part-time tutors to keep studies going.
4.7 Institute of Traditional Medicine
Director’s statement
During the period 2007/8 the Institute continued to engage the
community in the promotion of cultivation of plants that are sources of
nutritional supplements to contribute to national strategies for growth
and poverty reduction. A group of 10 farmers at Kongowe Kibaha
continued to collaborate with the Institute in the promotion of this
initiative. The Institute, through a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation
is constructing a commercial dryer for the farmers as a way to improve
the supply chain for herbal raw materials, particularly Hibiscus sabdariffa
calyces and Moringa oleifera leaves. The Institute has also ordered
authentic Aloe vera seeds from the UK to assist farmers to establish this
crop in Tanzania to meet the demand for industrial production of Aloe vera pharmaceutical and
cosmetic products.
The Institute continued with development of new preparations, and in this year an Aloe vera
cream has successfully gone into production at a small scale and is already being sold to
customers locally at the Institute. OtherAloe vera products, including plain Aloe vera juice and
Aloe vera with propolis juice have great potential for production once there is adequate supply
of raw materials.
The Institute filed two patents with BRELA; Patent No. TZ/P/07/00150, being an invention for an
herbal juice for use as a nutritional supplement, and patent No. TZ/P/07/00151,for a phytodrug
for treatment of skin fungal infections and allergic skin conditions. The IDRC commissioned a
value chain analysis and feasibility study for industrial production of the juice product. The full
report is expected in August 2008. Meanwhile more work is being done in the skin product with
the purpose of identifying the active molecule which, if identified, will be more attractive for
international patenting.
The Institute received a generous grant of TZS 55,922,500/-from the Swiss Development
Corporation (SDC) for renovation of a GMP compliant herbal medicines production laboratory
and repair of the roof of the Institute building. The GMP compliant laboratory will be very useful
for herbal medicines development initiatives and will be used for training postgraduate students
in the development and standardization of herbal medicines.
Dr. M.J. Moshi
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The Herbal Formulations Project generated TZS12,895,725 in the period July 2007 to June, 2008
as compared to TZS. 7,299,800/- in the last financial year, representing an increase of 43.4%.
The herbal products are gaining more popularity and with the introduction of new products,
more income is likely to be realized. The Institute continued to host student research, both at
undergraduate and postgraduate level, including international students. The Institute hosted 4
international students for 8 weeks between June and August, 2007.
4.8 Directorate of Postgraduate Studies
Director’s statement
During the academic year 2007/2008, the Directorate registered 99
postgraduate students into the various programmes as follows:- Masters
of Medicine (39) Master of Dentistry (5) Master of Pharmacy (2), Master
of Science (11), Master of Science in Tropical Diseases Control (3),
Master of Public health (26) and Master of Arts in Health Planning and
Management(10). Of the 99 registered candidates only 21 are females
which are 21.2%.
For the first time we registered students for MSc (post M.Med) Super-speciality programmes
in Internal Medicine as follows:- MSc. Cardiology (2) and MSc. Nephrology (1). The Directorate
through Senate Higher Degrees Committee held a series of workshops to review curricula for the
new postgraduate programmes in the following specialties:-
(i) M.Med Urology
(ii) MSc. Neurology
(iii) MSc. Respiratory Medicine
(iv) MSc. Clinical Pharmacology
(v) MSc. Parasitology/Entomology
(vi) MSc. Applied Epidemiology
(vii) MSc. Epidemiology and Labora
The Programmes were approved by Senate and a few had attracted a number of admissions to
the University for the academic year 2008/2009. The Directorate in collaboration with the DRP
reviewed students research proposals for ethical clearance and funding. A total of 55 proposals
submitted by M.Med, M.Dent, MSc and MPH proposals were processed.
Two PhD students namely Doreen Sophia Mloka (HD/MUH/T.01/2003) and Praxeda Ogweyo (HD/
MUH/T.41/2000) submitted their PhD theses for examination and they appeared for and passed
their viva voce examination. They will be awarded PhD degrees after submission of error free
thesis. The theses titles were:
(i) “Molecular Characterization of group M HIV-1 Subtypes Circulating in Mbeya Region of the United
Republic of Tanzania” by D. Mloka.
(ii) “Pathogenic Mechanisms in Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Muhimbili Medical Centre, Tanzania”
by P. Ogweyo.
The Directorate submitted to the Directorate of Planning and Development the Five Year Rolling
Strategic Plans for the period 2008/09 – 2012/13. The Joint Postgraduate Selection Committee
under the Directorate, met to approve Schools’ recommendation for 2008/2009 Postgraduate
admissions. For the Coming academic year (2008/2009), 159 candidates were selected to join
Prof. S. Massawe
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the various MUHAS postgraduate programmes of these 59% are males and 40.9% are females.
There is an improvement in gender balance compared to the current academic year where only
21.2% were females.
4.9 Directorate of research and Publication
Director’s Statement
The mission of the Directorate of Research and Publications (DRP) is to
provide a conducive environment for research in health and related fields,
promote the conduct of research that is in line with Tanzania’s National
Research Agenda and enhance the University’s capacity to advance
frontiers of knowledge. In achieving its mission the following activities
have been carried out for this reporting period:
Up-date of the University Research Policy
A sub- committee has been established from the Senate Research and Publications Committee
to review MUHAS Research policy, the objective of the Research policy includes defining research
priorities to ensure that research conducted in the University is in line with the National priorities.
The currently used Research policy was prepared in 2004.
Production of the University Research Bulletin
The DRP office has a role to regularly produce University Research Bulletin. The research bulletin
Volume 9 Number 1 of 2008 has been finalized and is undergoing printing. DRP also Support
periodic production of Dar es Salaam Students Medical Journal (DSMJ). One issue (Vol. 14 Suppl
1) has been produced and another is awaiting printing arrangements.
Providing information on possible sources of research funding
Sida/ SAREC has accepted the concept paper from MUHAS for further research support and has
asked MUHAS to submit full proposals for possible funding for the period of 2008- 2012. The
current Sida/SAREC support ended on 30th June 2008. DRP is coordinating the activity for the
proposals write up.
Soliciting research funds
Research in the University continues to be largely funded by foreign donors as shown below;
Year 2004/2005 2005/2006 2006/2007 2007/2008
Donors 5,105,309,918/= 3,123,043,213/= 6,634,995,318/= 11,483,048,617/=
Government 66,000,000/= - - -
Developing University Research AgendaSeeing a need for MUHAS to have in place a University Research Agenda that articulates the areas of research which the different academic units intend to focus on for the next 10 years, DRP has initiated a process for all academic units to indicate priority research areas which could be included in MUHAS research agenda. This activity is on-going. It is anticipated that this document will be used by MUHAS to apply for research grants from various sources.
Establishing research linksIn enhancing national, regional and International links, a link with Ifakara Health Institute is in the process of being formalized. For this reporting period the University has a total of 25 links,
International and local collaborative research.
Prof. E. Lyamuya
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Administering research projects
Directorate of Research and Publications has two Research Committees, the Senate Research
and Publications Committee (SRPC) and its Expedited Review Sub- Committee (ERSC). During
this reporting period five SRPC meetings were held, during which 34 research projects were
discussed. Of these 11 were approved for ethical clearance and two (2) of these were approved
for funding as well. The rest were returned to proposers for major corrections (10) and thirteen
(13) for minor corrections and resubmission to SRPC.
The Expedited Review Sub- committee held its meetings at a frequency of once every two weeks
or sometimes once weekly depending on the number of protocols/ proposals received. This
subcommittee was initiated with a purpose of specifically supporting the activities of the SRPC
in dealing with proposals already reviewed subject to minor revisions, protocol amendments,
renewal of ethical clearance and postgraduate students’ proposals. Below is a summary of the
number of proposals discussed by the subcommittee and approved by the SRPC.
Type of submission Number
Students PhD 12
Postgraduates Mmed 24
MPH 26
MSc 6
Mdent 2
Electives 13
Undergraduates 5
Others Renewal of ethical clearance 19
Protocol Amendments 9
Resubmission from SRPC 13
Total 129
Disseminating research findings
In enhancing capacity to disseminate and apply for research findings, DRP office is coordinating
and supporting one-day research seminars in all academic units. The objective of these is to
discuss research proposals from members of staff from Schools and Institutes of the University.
For this period, the Schools of Medicine, Pharmacy, Public Health and Nursing have carried out
the seminars. Proposals discussed at that level were submitted to the DRP for possible funding.
The DRP has also initiated a process of appointing dissemination coordinators who are expected
to contribute towards research dissemination in academic units. This is intended to fulfill the
need for MUHAS to strengthen research dissemination in general and to key stakeholders and
end users in particular.
Set guidelines on research ethics
Guidelines are being drafted by the SRPC for the standard Operational Policies and Procedures of
the MUHAS Research Ethics Committee (REC) which is the Institutional Review Board (IRB).
In strengthening research organization and management in academic units, the DRP has advised
all Schools and Institutes to form Research Committees. Currently all Schools and Institutes have
research committees in-place whose responsibility is to coordinate research activities in their
respective units.
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4.10 Directorate of Planning and Development – Muhimbili
Director’s Statement
The Directorate of Planning and Development has a pivotal role of
assisting the Vice Chancellor and Deputy Vice Chancellors in all matters
related to Implementation, Monitoring and evaluation of University wide
strategic plans. In addition the Directorate is responsible for updating
and reviewing institutional strategic plans, Infrastructure development
and to provide secretariat support to the Corporate Monitoring and
Evaluation Committee (CMEC).
Strategic Planning
During the reporting period the Directorate of Planning and Development coordinated
implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the five year rolling strategic plan (FYRSP) of
2003/2004 – 2007/2008 and prepared a progress report of implementation. The Directorate
conducted the first workshop (since becoming a full fledged University) to review the ending
MUHAS Five Year rolling Strategic plan of 2003/2004 – 2007/2008 and development of the FYRSP
2008/2009 to 2012/2013. During the Workshop University wide and unit specific FYRSP progress
reports of implementation were presented. In the same forum the MUHAS vision, mission and
strategic areas were developed and drafted and later fine-tuned by the DPD office to formulate
ten strategic objectives namely;
Enhanced Institutional Governance and Human resource Management
Enhanced financial capacity, efficiency and sustainability
University infrastructure developed and maintained
Improved quality in teaching and learning
Improved quality assurance system for the core functions of the University
Improved research development and management
Expanded student Enrolment and ensured maximum retention
Enhanced gender balance among students and staff
Enhanced response among students and staff towards HIV and AIDS prevention,
treatment and care
Improved student services
The University wide strategic plan was finalized, approved by the council and its implementation
commenced in July 2008.
Resource Mobilization
During the reporting period the Directorate was involved in various resource mobilization
activities, including participation in Budgeting, development of lobbying tools and justification
for increased Government contribution to MUHAS capital development budget. These
documents were presented to the Directorate of Policy and Planning in the Ministry of Education
and Vocational Training and other stakeholders in the same Ministry. Subsequently negotiations
headed by the MUHAS management and the budget committee yielded a Government budget
allocation of 1.7 billion Tanzanian shillings for Muhimbili campus capital development. These
funds were budgeted for the construction of the student cafeteria, security fence and washing
stands at Chole road Hostels.
Dr. D.B. Gasarasi
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Infrastructure Development
During the reporting period the Directorate in collaboration with the office of the Deputy
Vice Chancellor (Planning Finance and Administration) continued with the coordination and
monitoring of the construction of two lecture theatres each with a capacity to accommodate
350 students and office block for academic staff. The construction has been completed and it
is expected that lecture theatres will become operational during the coming academic year
following installation of the transformer to supply electricity to these facilities. It is also expected
that the offices will also be available for occupancy once power is installed and furniture
procured.
During the reporting period the Directorate coordinated renovation of the admissions office
and the office of the Manager, Student Services Bureau. The directorate continues to follow up
and maintain inventory of MUHAS properties including, Vikuruti, Kihonda in Morogoro , BTU in
Bagamoyo and other facilities.
Laboratory Services
Department of laboratory services is headed by the Chief Technologist who is responsible
for management of laboratory services for the entire University. During reporting period six
newly employed staff were allocated to the laboratory services department, these included an
equipment maintenance technician, analytical chemist, laboratory technician, two pharmaceutical
technicians and two health laboratory scientific officers. In 2007/2008 the University acquired
various laboratory equipment through research projects some of the equipment procured were;
Thermo cycler gradient Eppendorf – Microbiologyand Immunology(MIM), Vortex Mixer – MIM,
Weighing machine, Gell electrophoresis instrument – MIM, Magna pure Lc – MIM, Immunospot –
MIM, Carbondioxide incubator – MIM, PH meterjenway just few to mention.
Technologist in cellular research laboratory
reading ELISpot plate using Immunospot
machine while the laboratory manager follows
attentively
Laboratory scientist analyzing a blood
sample in the newly acquired Beckman
Coulter AcT5 Diff CP Hematology analyser
a machine that gives 26 parameters and
five part differential on a blood sample.
The machine is located in flowcytometry
laboratory
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Other Activities
During the reporting period the Directorate of Planning and Development in collaboration with
Directorate of Research and Publication developed the prospectus for 2007/2008 academic year
and participated in the development of the current prospectus for the academic year 2008/2009.
In addition to that the Directorate in collaboration with the Directorate of Continuing Education
and Professional Development prepared projections for students enrollment to meet standard
doctors/population ratio which were submitted to the Ministry of Higher Education Science
and Technology. Further more the Directorate completed annual census/statistical data and
developed institutional profile for MUHAS.
4.11 Directorate of Planning and Development – Mloganzila
Director’s statement
During the reporting period, a number of activities were carried out for
the purpose of developing Mloganzila into a New University Campus.
i. Evaluation of properties of villagers who are living within the
University Land at Mloganzila and Kwembe for the purpose of
compensation and evacuation:
After acquisition of title deeds for Mloganzila land, the next step is to
compensate the villagers who are living on the land and evacuation. In
October 2007, following consultations with the Government Chief Valuer,
the Ministry of Land, Housing and Human Settlements Development
allocated two valuers to carry out the exercise of property evaluation at Mloganzila and Kwembe.
Consultative meetings were held with Kinondoni and Kisarawe District Commissioners (DCs) to
gain their support in mobilizing the villagers to cooperate in the process of property evaluation
and subsequent compensation.
In early February 2008, the exercise of identifying the boundaries of the University Land at
Mloganzila and Kwembe was initiated in order to locate the properties of villagers which will
be evaluated for the purpose of compensation. The evaluation started on 18th February 2008 at
Mloganzila (Kisarawe side). Some few villagers refused to receive the property evaluation forms
and for those who consented, their properties were evaluated. Efforts were made to inform the
DCs on the progress and the ward secretaries were directed to sensitize the villagers. By end of
March 2008, properties belonging to 177 villagers on the Mloganzila (Kisarawe side) were already
evaluated.
The exercise did not go well on the Kinondoni side (Kwembe and Kisopwa) pending consulattions
with the Minister of Lands Housing and Human settlement. This Situation was shared with the
Permanent Secretary and Commissioner of Lands in the Ministry of Land, Housing and Human
Settlements Development. The Permanent Secretary advised that the exercise of property
evaluation be temporarily suspended. Recently, in September 2008 the impasse was resolved
and the evaluation activities are ongoing.
ii. Soliciting funding for development of Mloganzila Campus
The directorate in collaboration with the University Budget Committee was involved in the
preparation of the University budget for the year 2008/09. Lobbying tools were prepared and
used to make a case for increased funding from the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training.
As a result of this initiative and growing political will, the government has allocated 1.5 billion
as capital development budget for Mloganzila in the financial year 2008/09 for compensating
properties of villagers at Mloganzila land.
Dr. A. Kamuhabwa
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During the period under review, a number of potential partners and investors have shown
interest in working with the University to develop Mloganzila campus. Of significance has
been the SUMSUNG initiative for establishing the University Teaching Hospital at Mloganzila.
The government has indicated that this is a priority project for the nation and negotiations are
ongoing at the government level on the modalities of implementing this initiative.
iii. Preparation of a Business Plan for MUHAS New Campus at Mloganzila:
In the process of establishing a new campus at Mloganzila, the Directorate of Planning and
Development for Mloganzila through the MUHAS Tender Board invited interested bidders to
express interest for the purpose of preparing a business plan for Mloganzila Campus. The process
and procedures for identifying a qualified company to undertake the activity are on going.
4.12 Directorate of Information Communication and Technology Services
Director’s statements
ICT Services
In 2007-08 the directorate of ICT was able to upgrade the internet
bandwidth from 512 kbps / 256kbps ((down/ up) to 1024 kbps / 512kbps
((down/up) through competitive tendering. This allowed the university
to double the internet bandwidth while maintaining the same level of
subscription fees.
Meanwhile installation of the equipment reported to have been acquired
from LIPHEA in the previous year was completed thus increasing substantially the quality of
the MUHAS Local Area network. The equipment included servers, power backup batteries and
wireless access points as shown the pictures below:
Dr. M. Chambuso
Some of the recently acquired servers The 24 batteries for boosting server room
power backup
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4.13 Directorate of Library services
Directors StatementDuring the period under-review, the Directorate of Library Services enhanced provision of ICT based services to its patrons by digitizing its resources. Over 6500 bibliographic records have been entered in the ADLIB system and can now be accessed through the Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC).
The library during the reporting period, continued to provide training on electronic information resource searching and retrieval skills to MUHAS senior lecturers, lectures, researchers, assistant lecturers, tutorial assistants and postgraduate students. Further more the MUHAS library staff were equipped with adequate knowledge on digital collection management. This training activity was supported by ABBOTT and Sida/SAREC grants.
In the year under review, two academic members of staff participated in a trainers workshop at
the Tulane University in New Orleans designed to impart skills for training others on how to learn
with technology. Also the assistant lecturer who had completed a master’s programme in ICT
was able to enroll for PhD studies.
The two MUHAS academic members of staff who participated in the
Learning to Learn with Technology Course at the University of Tulane
Ag. Director:
Ms R. Chande-
Mallya
Multimedia equipment being used during a
student project presentation
Wireless Access point used to transform
the Muhimbili Campus into a hot spot
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In October, 2007 Sida/SAREC grants supported two academic staff from the library to attend an exchange programme to Karolinska Institute as part of the collaboration with Karolinska Institute library. In addition to that there was also an exchange program between staff from MUHAS library with those from Dartmouth Medical College library aimed at increasing competencies, job morale as well as increasing quality of library services provision in this age of Science and Technology. The exchange programme was facilitated by ABBOTT grants. Likewise, four library staff also attended the workshop on Tanzania library for the future: Role of library and information sector in development agenda which was held in Mwanza, and it was organized by Tanzania Library Association (TLA).
During the period under-review, the directorate of library services through ABBOTT grant acquired 114 computer tables, 108 cantilever chairs, 30 tables, 180 plastic chairs, 5 hexagonal tables and 1 conference table. These are furniture’s for the new vertical extension library wing. The directorate also received 77 wooden chairs as donation from Dartmouth Medical College in USA.
In the process to improve teaching and learning at the university, the Directorate of library services acquired a total number of 92 tittles of medical books equivalent to 118 copies and 12 titles of journals equivalent to 114 copies from Book AID International UK. Similarly, the library acquired also 1064 copies of journals and 391 book titles equivalent to 401 copies of books, both of them were donation from Books Abroad – UK. On the other hand, Dalhouse University – Canada on 16th June 2008 donated 78 copies of biomedical text books to the Directorate of Library Services. Moreover, the Directorate has acquired 20 computers through Sida/SAREC capacity building support.
As part of capacity building, during this period, two academic staff from the directorate namely: Rehema Chande-Mallya and Mboni A. Ruzegea have started to pursue PhD programs at the
University of Dar es Salaam and at International Islamic University Malaysia respectively.
4.14 Directorate of Continuing Education and Professional Development
Director’s statement
Introduction
The Directorate of Continuing Education and Professional Development
(DCEPD) was formally established in October 2007 to promote and
coordinate Continuing Education and Professional Development (CEPD)
activities as well as quality of teaching and learning at MUHAS. This was
prompted by the ongoing changes in health care needs and changes in
the practice of health sciences in the society as well as new challenges
such as emerging and re-emerging disease, new technologies, emphasis
on quality, effectiveness and efficiency in delivery of health services to
the consumer and changing professional roles.
Vision and Mission of DCEPD
Vision
To be a national and regional centre of excellence in provision of quality and sustainable
Continuing Education in health and related disciplines.
Mission
To provide quality, demand-driven Continuing Education through facilitation, promotion and
coordination for the health sector and beyond.
Director
Prof. E.E Kaaya
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In achieving its mission the following activities have been carried out during the reporting
period:
Development of Operational Policies and Procedures for CEPD
A sub-committee has been established from the Senate Continuing Education and Professional
Development Committee (SCEPDC) to develop MUHAS CEPD Operational Policies and Procedures.
These are expected to be approved during the next academic year.
Establishment of DCEPD webpage
The webpage for DCEPD was established immediately after official establishment of DCEPD and
its upgrading is on-going.
Coordination and Regulation of CEPD at the University
The Directorate assumed its coordination and regulation role and issued certificates for courses.
In order to efficiently coordinate CEPD activities, Schools and Institutes/Directorates formed
CEPD committees, which are chaired by SCEPDC Representatives. The following CEPD courses
were certified/accredited by the Directorate: (i) Fine needle Aspiration Cytology (certified),
(ii) Global Health Course which was jointly conducted by School of Dentistry and The Finnish
Medical Society (accredited).
Fund raising activities
In order to build capacity, the Directorate started grants application activities. During the year
under review two such grant applications were submitted as follows;
Dar-Oxford Link for Health: Translating Knowledge into Practice.(i) This was applied at
the beginning of 2007 and has been approved for funding by Development Partnership
in High education (DelPHE) through the British Council and DFID at a rate of £ 28,500 per
annum for three years. The main goal of the grant is to improve Human Resource for Health
by improving CEPD, which will allow provision of sustainable quality health services and
training trough institutional partnership.
MUHAS-UCSF Academic Learning Project: (ii) Addressing the Health Workforce Crisis in
Tanzania. The application was submitted to Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for funding.
If granted in September 2008, the grant will build capacity of DCEPD in order to efficiently
coordinate and develop Education in Health fields and address the Human resource for
health crisis.
Improved quality of academic programmes
The instruments for evaluation of teaching and evaluation of courses for both basic sciences and
clinical disciplines were developed and piloted ready for use during the next academic year
Linkages and networks
Linkages were established between DCEPD and Department of Continuing education, University
of Oxford. The linkage between UCSF and MUHAS was further reinforced and a joint grant
application submitted.
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4.15 Office of the Dean of Students
Dean’s Statement
Student Social Services and Activities
Generally, at the time of this reporting, the basic student social services,
including medical, cafeteria, accommodation and counseling services,
continued to be provided satisfactorily.
Student Organizations’ General Elections MUHASSO
MUHASSO held its first General elections on 19th March, 2008. Three teams
contested for the posts of President and Vice President, but, in the course
of the campaigning, one team dropped out. The outcome of the elections was that Mr. Godbless
Charles was elected as MUHASSO President and his running mate, Mr. Edward Oswald, became
the Vice-President. The new MUHASSO government was sworn in on 6th April, 2008.
Institute of Allied Health Sciences Students’ Organization IAHSSO
The Institute of Allied Health Sciences Students’ Organization (IAHSSO) held its general elections
for the posts of President and Vice President on 20th June, 2008. In those elections, Mr. Akili
Mawazo was elected as IAHSSO President and Mr. Victor Constantine became the Vice President.
The new IAHSSO Government was sworn in on 20th July, 2008.
Student Association Activities
During the reporting period the University Students’ Representative Council (USRC) held
scheduled meetings to discuss various student matters. Six students, under the umbrella
of TAMSA, attended a Science Conference on Infectious Diseases which was held in Kampala
from 16th to 19th December, 2007. In addition Ms Ruth Msolla, DDS IV, was given permission to
participate in a Capital Sciences 2008 Scientific meeting which was held in Washington, USA
from 28th March to April, 2008.
TAPSA, in collaboration with the Commonwealth Pharmacists Association (CPA), conducted a
Commonwealth Pharmacy Day commemoration in Tanzania, on 22nd June, 2008 under the theme
“Making HIV and Malaria drugs universally available to the poor”,
The Save- Life Club organized an International Candlelight Memorial on 18th May, 2008. MUHASSO,
through its Ministry of Foreign Affairs, organized a Public Forum on 29th June, 2008 at MPL Lecture
Theater, in which a Public Talk on Food Crisis in Tanzania was presented.
The Win and Learn Academic Event, 2008
For the third year running, the different students’ organizations teamed up to carry out an
academic competition of its own kind, known as “The Win and Learn Academic Event 2008”. The
event took place on 14th June, 2008. It featured students’ presentations on findings from elective
studies, clinical rotations and individual studies.
Sports and Games
Due to financial constraints facing the University, students were not able to participate in the
inaugural Tanzania Universities Sports Association Games that were held in Moshi in December
2007. In May, 2008 MUHASSO organized a series of competitions known as Mbuzi Cup
Competitions. The competitions, featuring football, volleyball, and basketball, began on 23rd May,
2008 and ended on 9th June, 2008 The BONANZA was sponsored by Mr. Islam E. Nahdi of Dar es
Salaam.
Dr. M. Mwangu
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In addition MUHASSO organized a BONANZA from 11th January, 2008 to 26th January, 2008. Ms
Jane Mwenda was appointed by Tanzania Universities Sports Associations (TUSA), in a meeting
held at Tumaini University Iringa College on 13th June, 2008, to train TUSA teams for the Africa
University Games, which were scheduled to take place in Uganda from 6th July to 16th July, 2008.
Students’ Accommodation
The problem of lack of adequate accommodation for students continued to be a nagging
problem, it is expected that the problem will be reduced when the Chole Road Hostels become
operational. Tendering for bidders to construct a Cafeteria, laundry stands, etc, at Chole is
underway.
Orientation Program for New Students
The new academic year for fresh MUHAS students opened with an orientation program that
started from 17th September to 2007. The program was smoothly conducted with most of
the scheduled events taking place. Among the colorful events were the sports Bonanza that
was organized by the students’ government. This event took place on Saturday 22nd and was
entertaining to all participants.
Students’ Loan Forms
Students were provided with loan forms (SLF2&3) in January, 2008 from the Higher Education
Students Loans Board (HESLB). Students were required to submit the filled forms to the office of
the Dean of Students by 31st March, 2008. About 1060 (SLF2 & 3) filled forms were submitted to
HESLB on 10th April, 2008, about three weeks after the deadline.
Student Health Issues
Health services for students were and are still provided by Muhimbili National Hospital. During
this reporting period more than 1425 students had been attended by MNH. Most of the reported
cases were due to malaria, asthma, skin diseases, PUD, allergies, ulcers, cardiac problems, Kaposi’s
sarcoma, eye/ear problems, tooth filling, arthritis and some psychiatry cases.
Cafeteria Services
Cafeteria services have been provided to students for the whole period of the year at a considerable
level. Nevertheless in late March, 2008 an episode of over flooding of sewage occurred in the halls
of residence, which was a threat to the health of students. The Cafeteria services were temporarily
suspended for two days and students had to get their meals somewhere else. Eventually the
problem was solved and services returned to normal.
Counseling Services
Counseling services continued to be offered during this period. More than 187 cases were
reported at the Counseling unit. Most of the problems were solved through the counseling
process. A few of them (five cases) were referred to the Psychiatry unit for treatment. Most of
the problems were social, psychological, psychiatric and spiritual. Students were advised to try
to balance their activities, e.g., reading, attending church/Mosque, and during break time to
socialize, in order to reduce the number of psychiatry cases that are on the increase. Generally
awareness and demand for counseling services are increasing. There is a need to have one more
male students’ counselor.
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5.0 Links and Collaboration
The unit has received and processed applications for elective period of study in different
departments within the Schools of Medicine, Public Health & Social Sciences, Dentistry, Pharmacy
and Institute of Traditional Medicine. The Unit received, registered and allocated a total of 153
elective and/or exchange study students at MUHAS during the reporting year. Further, the unit
also registered 75 occasional students who took their elective study in 17 different hospitals
in Tanzania. Overall, the number of elective, exchange and occasional students have grown
substantially during the reporting period. Specific details appear in the subsequent sections
below.
Elective Study Activities
Elective study students from Europe especially Germany, arrange for their elective individually,
by applying to different teaching hospitals and or universities for clinical rotations. Whereas for
other universities, there is a formal arrangement and their elective is centrally coordinated by
their university with more or less fixed time to start and specific places they can do their elective.
MUHAS received both categories of students.
Institutionally Arranged/Coordinated Elective Study
Elective study students for the Institute of Traditional Medicine came under the ongoing
UDSM-USA (MHIRT) Summer School Student Exchange Programme.
The Nijmegen University, Holland have a special arrangement with the School of Nursing
– MUHAS; whereby their elective study students spend one week at MUHAS getting a
general exposure to the Tanzanian healthcare system before going on a 3 or 4/5 months
elective study in other hospitals within Tanzania. Under this arrangement a total of 6
such students were registered as occasional students at MUHAS.
The Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada sent 15 students for 2 weeks elective
study period at MUHAS; six of these students rotated in the School of Medicine, five in
the School of Nursing and 4 in the School of Pharmacy. Applicable University fees for
these students were remitted centrally by their institution to MUHAS foreign Account
through the bank.
Student Initiated Elective Study Arrangement
For the first and second quarter; a total of 27 and 15 elective study students were registered at
MUHAS respectively. In the last 6 months of the reporting period; 66 elective students have been
registered at MUHAS for different durations of study period in different Clinical departments.
The School of Nursing (# 32) and the Obstetrics & Gynaecology department (# 19)
respectively, supervised the highest number of foreign elective study students during
the reporting period.
Foreign occasional students were registered at MUHAS for elective study in various departments
over 4 quarters of the period 2007/2008. The departments/schools involved were Internal
medicine (23) Paediatrictrics and child health (33) surgery (12) Obstetrics gynaecology (24),
Psychiatry (5), Microbiology/Immunology (4), Nursing (34), ITM (4) Community Health (1)
Dentistry (3), Pharmacy (4), School of Medicine (6). This distribution generally includes a total of
108 elective and (45) Exchange students.
MUHAS Registered Foreign Occasional Students
Occasional student figures for the first and second quarter ranged from 16 to 10, while the figure
for the last six months of the year was a high of 47; showing an element of seasonality in elective
study activities as a whole (Table 4). The number of hospitals involved in receiving elective study
students has increased from the initial total of 8 to the current total of 17.
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Table 4: Number of Elective Students in Other Hospitals in the Country: 2006 - 2007
S.N. Hospital / Region
Number of Students
Quarter
# 1
Quarter
# 2
Quarter
# 3
Quarter
# 4
Total
1. Rubya - Kagera 2 - 2 2 6
2. Biharamulo - Kagera 2 2 4 2 10
3. Ndala - Tabora 2 - - - -
4. Sengerema - Mwanza 2 2 2 4 10
5. Sumve - Mwanza 2 2 2 2 8
6. Turiani - Morogoro 2 1 3 2 8
7. Kabanga Kasulu - Kigoma - - - - -
8. KCMC - Moshi - - - - -
9. Mbesa - Tunduru - - - - -
10. Morogoro Regional Hospital - - - - -
11. Same District Hospital 2 1 2 2 7
12. Mkwajuni Hospital - Mbeya - - - 2 2
13. Ndolage Hospital - Kagera - 2 2 2 6
14. Igongwe Hospital - Tukuyu - - 2 2 4
15.Namanyere Hospital –
Rukwa2 - - 2 4
16. Mafinga Hospital – Mufindi - - - 3 3
17.Wasso Hospital -
Ngorongoro- - - 2 2
Total 16 10 22 27 75
Student Exchange Activities
The Unit had the opportunity to meet and discuss with coordinators of existing Elective Study
Student Exchange Agreements and some prospective Exchange arrangements. These include the
Mie University, Japan; Kuopio University, Finland; Umea University, Sweden and the President &
Principal Director of Knowledge Exchange International (KEI) on global internships arrangement
in Tanzania. Ongoing exchange arrangements were reviewed and new ones were also explored.
Further, communications through the email and other means continued throughout the year
and even for existing arrangements like the Bergen University, Norway and the UCL in Britain,
who did not visit MUHAS during the reporting period.
Mie University, Japan and School of Medicine, MUHAS
The department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine received a total of 13
exchange study students from Mie University-Japan in two groups for durations of 3 weeks each.
This is the initial stages of student exchange arrangement before formalization of a collaborative
exchange agreement to be developed and signed between MUHAS and Mie University.
MOI University, Kenya and School of Medicine, MUHAS
MOI University, Eldoret, Kenya, has also initiated student exchange as part of implementation of
a regional students’ union agreement, and for the reporting period MUHAS received 3 students
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for total duration of 4 weeks clinical rotation in the School of Medicine. Based on their proposed
exchange agreement, such students have to be accommodated in the respective receiving
University Hostel facilities. Such an arrangement was not possible for the received Kenyan
students from MOI University.
North-South-South Exchange Agreement
Under the North-South-South Exchange agreement, MUHAS received one student from Kuopio
University, Finland and one MUHAS B.Sc. Environmental health. Student has been selected for a
4 months elective study period at their university in Finland. This elective study will be in Sept/
Dec 2008.
UCL – MUHAS elective study student exchange
Six to nine international medicine students from UCL were received at MUHAS for 6 weeks
elective twice in the reporting year; in Sept/Oct and Jan/Feb.
Other Exchange Activities
Other exchange study activities are as detailed in table 6 below. Table 6 is a list of ongoing and
prospective Collaborative research and student exchange agreements, some of which were
reviewed and/or being developed within MUHAS in the reporting period. Prospective Exchange
Agreements are at different levels of development and respective schools and departments are
involved in the efforts to develop and establish them.
Table 5: Exchange and Collaborative Activities on Development and reviewed
Title Institutions Description Comments/Status
National Resource
center for
Occupational and
Environmental
Health
Community Health
Department, School
of Health and Social
Sciences MUHAS
and The Fogarty
International
Occupational and
Environmental SADC
countries Human
Resource Development
Development of
Center Establishment
Document pending
Agreement between
Uppsala University
and MUHAS
School of Nursing,
MUHAS and Department
of Public Health and
Caring Sciences, Uppsala
University
Student and Staff
Exchange under the
Palme Foundation
Funding
Ongoing operational
improvement discussed
Medicines for Africa Proposed by Tom C.
Garven MD from New
York and MUHAS
Establishment of
Teaching Hospital
Planned initial project
development meeting in
did not materialize
North South Higher
Education Network
Programme
School of Public Health
and Social Sciences and
Department of Public
Health and Clinical
Nutrition, Kuopio
University, Finland
Student and Staff
Exchange
Endorsement letter
Signed at School level
on behalf of the College.
Kuopio University
coordinator visited
MUHAS : Discussed
Expansion of exchange
activities: development
of Masters and PhD
sandwich program and
teacher exchange
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Title Institutions Description Comments/Status
Strengthening
Health Systems
in Kenya, United
Republic of Tanzania
and Uganda
through Innovative
Human Resources
Development
School of Nursing
MUHAS, The Aga
Khan Foundation and
University and WHO
Public-Private
partnership in
training of Nursing
and Midwifery
professionals within
the East African
Region.
Agreement document
being developed
MoU between
University of
Kwazulu-Natal and
MUHAS for the
project Building
Nursing and
Midwifery Capacity
in East Africa
School of Nursing
and the University of
Kwazulu-Natal
MoU on training in
Nursing and Midwifery
at Masters Degree
level in Universities in
Kenya and Tanzania
and the Kwazulu Natal
University
MoU development
almost complete
Cooperation
Between George
Washngton
University and
African Universities
George Washington
University and MUHAS
Cooperation to involve
Research, Capacity
building, Student and
Staff Exchange
MUHAS concept paper
for cooperation sent
to GWU. Awaiting their
Comments
Global Internship
Program
Knowledge Exchange
Institute (KEI) and
MUHAS
USA medical
students summer
classes at MUHAS on
basic sciences and
possible conference
arrangements and/or
conference panelist
position as partners
President & Principal
Director of KEI New
York visited MUHAS:
MOU submitted to
the DVC(ARC) for a
collaboration
The Johns Hopkins
University and
MUHAS student
exchange
MUHAS School of
Nursing and Johns
Hopkins University
The Johns Hopkins
University to carryout
clinical elective
training at MUHAS
Draft MOU being
reviewed by the School
of Nursing, MUHAS. One
initial elective study
student received at
MUHAS
Memorandum of
Understanding
between The
University of Iowa,
Iowa City, Iowa USA
and MUHAS of DSM
School of Pharmacy,
MUHAS Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania
University of Iowa USA
Educational, training
and research
cooperation
agreement including
elective study student
exchange
Preliminary discussion
initiated during their
visit to MUHAS: MoU
was developed. Students
expected 2008
MOI University,
Eldoret, Kenya
elective study
student exchange
and School of
Medicine, MUHAS
School of Medicine,
MUHAS and MOI
University, Kenya
Medical Elective study
student exchange
A group of 3 MOI
University students were
registered for 4 weeks
clinical rotations at
MUHAS
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Title Institutions Description Comments/Status
The Linneus Palme
student exchange
program
Uppsala University,
Sweden and MUHAS
Medical and Nursing
elective study student
exchange
Two elective study
students from Sweden
on clinical nursing
elective for 10 weeks
and 2 medical students
on HIV research in the
Microbiology & Virology
department were
received at MUHAS
The St. Radboud,
Holland student
exchange
St. Radboud University
College and Community
Medicine department,
MUHAS
Medical elective study
student exchange
One medical student
from St. Radboud,
Holland on 12 weeks
(one semester)
community medicine
rotation at MUHAS
The University
College of London
(UCL) elective study
student exchange
UCL and School of
Medicine, MUHAS
Medical elective study
student exchange
Six to nine international
medicine students from
UCL received at MUHAS
for 6 weeks elective
twice a year in Sept/Oct
and Jan/Feb.
Support for Resident Permit Class C and/or Visa Application
Foreign student and staff coming to Tanzania for studies or research are by regulation required
to have a resident permit class. Thus the Unit has had to process and submit applications for
Resident Permit Class C for elective, occasional, foreign degree and diploma registered students
and staff on exchange at MUHAS. The Unit is working out the most viable way to get Resident
Permit applications to be lodged before the students’ arrival to reduce delays and improve on the
process. This will be done at a nominal fee paid directly to MUHAS as service charge.
Generated Fees
All MUHAS registered foreign students pay registration fees amounting to US $ 100, whereas
Tanzania nationals on elective study pay 20 US$ as registration fee. Foreign elective study
students pay a tuition fee amounting to 35 US$ per week and Tanzanian national elective
study students pay tuition fees amounting to US$ 20 per week. Students coming under formal
exchange arrangements are exempted the total tuition fees. Accumulated tuition fees are
compiled department wise and as such the department receives 70% of their total and the
respective school receives 20%, and the remaining 10% is retained as institutional capacity
building contribution.
Constraints and Concerns
Based on feedback report forms, the majority of elective study students have raised serious
concern on clinical rotation student group size and crowded hospital wards that make teaching
and follow-up very difficult. The School of Medicine will need to come up with ways to address
this concern; otherwise the University is bound to loose potential elective study students. There
is also a need to update MUHAS website to reflect actual student numbers to allow applicants
to make informed decisions about what to expect for their electives placements in MUHAS. The
other main concern relates to information given to them during their elective study at MUHAS.
Most have requested getting appropriate information and detailed rotation schedule, including
a timetable with respective dates on when they will join particular firms in a particular study
department.
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6.0 Research Projects, Consultancy and
Publications
6.1 Research Projects
MUHAS being the premier and the only public University of Health Sciences in Tanzania, has
been in the forefront in carrying out health research in the country. This has provided valuable
evidence-based information for guiding the management, control and prevention of major
diseases and for policy formulation and programming. Research links at MUHAS increased from
37 in 2006/07 to 47 2007/08, this involves bilateral collaborations with foreign academic/research
institutions mainly in Sweden, USA, and the UK. The University’s research agenda is currently
dominated by studies on HIV and AIDS, Malaria, reproductive health, health systems research
and traditional medicine. In these projects multidisciplinary teams are often involved. MUHAS
has a research policy in place since 2004. This policy No.3 reviewed during the reporting period.
Apart from research undertaken by faculty, a significant proportion of research at MUHAS is also
conducted by students, particularly those pursuing postgraduate training.
Due to economic constraints and prevailing circumstances of competing priorities, the
Government budget has not been able to support research for many years. For example, over
the past five years, the Government contributed between 1.6-1.8% of the total project funding
for research at MUHAS, while development partners contributed 98.2-98.4% of the project
funds. Consequently, MUHAS has depended heavily on support from development partners for
the financial resources that are necessary for conducting research. However, the Government
continues to support scientist engaged in research in provision of salaries and costs for
infrastructure and other facilities which is a significant contribution.
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Th
e t
ab
le b
elo
w h
igh
lig
hts
so
me
of
the
on
go
ing
pro
ject
s a
t M
UH
AS
:
Pro
ject
tit
le a
nd
Na
me
of
(PI)
Ma
in o
bje
ctiv
e(s
)C
oll
ab
ora
tin
g
Inst
itu
tio
n(s
)P
rog
ress
of
Imp
lem
en
tati
on
Tea
chin
g a
nd
lea
rnin
g a
bo
ut
HIV
/
AID
S in
Ta
nza
nia
Sch
oo
ls (
Ko
hi,
T. W
)
Tra
inin
g n
urs
e t
ea
che
rs t
o b
e e
ffe
ctiv
e a
s
HIV
/AID
S e
du
cato
rs
Un
ive
rsit
y o
f C
alif
orn
ia
Sa
n F
ran
cisc
o –
US
A.
Co
nd
uct
ing
ca
sca
de
tra
inin
g t
o n
urs
es
an
d t
uto
rs
Po
stp
art
um
exp
eri
en
ces
of
firs
t ti
me
mo
the
rs –
DS
M (
Mb
eke
ng
a, C
.K.)
To e
xplo
re p
ost
pa
rtu
m e
xpe
rie
nce
s o
f
firs
t ti
me
pa
ren
ts a
t Il
ala
Da
r e
s S
ala
am
Up
psa
la U
niv
ers
ity
-
Sw
ed
en
Wri
tin
g o
f m
an
usc
rip
ts
Pe
rce
ive
d A
IDS
Sti
gm
a &
A
Mu
ltin
ati
on
al S
tud
y (
Ko
hi,
T.W
)
To d
eve
lop
an
d v
alid
ate
tw
o li
ng
uis
tica
lly
an
d c
ult
ura
lly a
pp
rop
ria
te m
ea
sure
s o
f
pe
rce
ive
d H
IV/A
IDS
sti
gm
a a
pp
rop
ria
te
for
pe
rso
ns
livin
g w
ith
HIV
/AID
S
Tan
zan
ia, M
ala
wi,
So
uth
Afr
ica
, Le
soth
o,
UC
SF
& U
niv
ers
ity
of
Kw
azu
lu –
Na
tal.
An
aly
sis
of
Lon
git
ud
ina
l da
ta c
olle
cte
d in
Fe
bru
ary
/
Ma
rch
20
07
.
Ge
nd
er,
Ge
ne
rati
on
an
d S
oci
al
Mo
bili
zati
on
: Ch
alle
ng
es
of
Re
pro
du
ctiv
e H
ea
lth
an
d R
igh
ts
am
on
g V
uln
era
ble
Gro
up
in E
thio
pia
,
Su
da
n a
nd
Ta
nza
nia
. (K
oh
i, T.
W)
To c
on
trib
ute
to
wa
rds
the
re
du
ctio
n o
f
HIV
sp
rea
d a
nd
imp
rove
me
nt
of
AID
S
care
in T
an
zan
ia t
hro
ug
h c
ult
ura
lly
an
d h
isto
rica
lly s
en
siti
ve r
ese
arc
h,
com
pe
ten
ce b
uild
ing
an
d s
ma
ll-sc
ale
inte
rve
nti
on
pro
gra
m.
Un
ive
rsit
y o
f B
erg
en
No
rway
, Su
da
n,
Eth
iop
ia a
nd
Ta
nza
nia
.
Ph
D c
an
did
ate
in p
roce
ss o
f re
gis
teri
ng
fo
r P
hD
stu
die
s.
Sti
gm
a r
ela
ted
fa
cto
rs a
nd
th
e u
se o
f
AR
T c
linic
s in
Ta
nza
nia
(Ta
rim
o, E
. M.)
To s
tud
y H
IV r
ela
ted
sti
gm
a a
nd
ass
oci
ate
d f
act
ors
am
on
g p
ati
en
ts
en
rolle
d in
an
tire
tro
vir
al t
rea
tme
nt
clin
ics
No
ne
On
go
ing
Po
stp
art
um
exp
eri
en
ce o
f fi
rst
tim
e
pa
ren
ts (
Ms.
Co
lum
ba
Ko
kusi
ma
)
To e
xplo
re p
ost
pa
rtu
m e
xpe
rie
nce
s o
f
firs
t ti
me
pa
ren
ts in
Ila
la s
ub
urb
,
Da
r e
s S
ala
am
Up
psa
la U
niv
ers
ity
Sw
ed
en
On
go
ing
TAN
SW
ED
Pro
ject
E.
HIV
/AID
S P
ath
olo
gy
(K
aay
a, E
E)
To d
ete
rmin
e t
he
pa
tho
ge
ne
tic
me
cha
nis
m o
f A
IDS
ass
oci
ate
d c
on
dit
ion
s.
Ka
rolin
ska
Inst
itu
te1
. 20
06
/07
: Go
od
. Se
vera
l art
icle
s p
ub
lish
ed
.
Se
con
d P
hD
in p
rog
ress
Th
ree
(3
) P
ub
lica
tio
ns
ma
de
2. 2
00
7/0
8: G
oo
d p
rog
ress
. Th
ree
Pu
blic
ati
on
s
ma
de
. Th
e P
hD
ca
nd
ida
te in
th
e fi
na
l sta
ge
s o
f
stu
die
s.T
his
pro
ject
will
en
d in
Ma
rch
20
09
AN
NU
AL
RE
PO
RT
20
07
/20
08
MU
HIM
BIL
I U
NIV
ER
SIT
Y O
F H
EA
LTH
AN
D A
LLIE
D S
CIE
NC
ES
42
Pro
ject
tit
le a
nd
Na
me
of
(PI)
Ma
in o
bje
ctiv
e(s
)C
oll
ab
ora
tin
g
Inst
itu
tio
n(s
)P
rog
ress
of
Imp
lem
en
tati
on
Pla
nn
ing
Gra
nt
for
Glo
ba
l He
alt
h
(Ka
aya
, EE
)
Pla
n a
Cu
rric
ulu
m f
or
Glo
ba
l He
alt
h
Stu
die
s
UC
SF,
US
A1
. Go
od
pro
gre
ss o
f Im
pla
nta
tio
n, 2
00
6/0
7 In
teri
m
rep
ort
pre
sen
ted
to
Fo
rga
ty In
tern
ati
on
al C
en
tre
.
NIH
, De
cem
be
r 2
00
6 a
nd
Pa
pe
r p
rese
nta
tio
n a
t
Glo
ba
l He
alt
h C
ou
nci
l Me
eti
ng
May
20
07
.
2. G
oo
d p
rog
ress
, fin
al y
ea
r o
f p
lan
nin
g. 2
00
7/0
8
Fin
al R
ep
ort
Su
bm
itte
d t
o F
IC in
May
20
08
an
d t
wo
art
icle
s a
cce
pte
d f
or
pu
blic
ati
on
pa
rtly
th
rou
gh
th
e
pla
nn
ing
gra
nt.
Th
e p
lan
nin
g g
ran
t h
as
com
e t
o a
n
en
d; I
mp
lem
en
tati
on
of
the
pla
n w
ill d
ep
en
d o
n
ava
ilab
ility
of
fun
ds.
Da
r-O
xfo
rd L
ink
for
He
alt
h:
Tra
nsl
ati
ng
Kn
ow
led
ge
into
Pra
ctic
e
(Ka
aya
EE
)
To im
pro
ve H
um
an
Re
sou
rce
fo
r H
ea
lth
by
imp
rov
ing
CP
D w
hic
h w
ill a
llow
pro
vis
ion
of`
su
sta
ina
ble
qu
alit
y h
ea
lth
se
rvic
es
an
d
red
uce
infa
nt
an
d m
ate
rna
l mo
rta
lity
Un
ive
rsit
y o
f O
xfo
rd,
UK
Gra
nt
ap
pro
ved
in J
un
e 2
00
8 a
nd
firs
t
dis
bu
rse
me
nt
of
mo
ne
y in
Se
pte
mb
er
20
08
.
Ad
vers
e d
rug
re
act
ion
s a
nd
me
tab
olic
ca
pa
city
in p
ati
en
ts
exp
eri
en
cin
g s
uch
re
act
ion
s a
fte
r
tre
atm
en
t w
ith
am
od
iaq
uin
e
( D
r. O
. Min
zi)
To in
vest
iga
te if
th
ere
is a
ny
corr
ela
tio
n
be
twe
en
ad
vers
e d
rug
re
act
ion
s a
nd
me
tab
olic
ca
pa
city
of
ind
ivid
ua
l pa
tie
nts
aft
er
tre
atm
en
t w
ith
am
od
iaq
uin
e.
Mw
en
ge
Mu
nic
ipa
l
dis
pe
nsa
ry
Fin
din
gs:
am
od
iaq
uin
e c
au
sed
ad
vers
e r
ea
ctio
ns
in
50
% o
f th
e s
tud
ied
ma
lari
a p
ati
en
ts. h
ow
eve
r th
ere
wa
s n
o s
tati
stic
al d
iffe
ren
ce in
th
e le
vels
of
the
me
tab
olit
e b
etw
ee
n t
he
gro
up
wh
ich
de
velo
pe
d
dru
g r
ela
ted
co
mp
lica
tio
ns
an
d t
ho
se w
ho
did
no
t
Co
mp
lete
d
Est
ab
lish
me
nt
of
a P
ha
rma
ceu
tica
l
Tea
chin
g R
&D
lab
ora
tory
fo
r p
ract
ica
l
un
ive
rsit
y e
du
cati
on
an
d s
ele
cte
d
Afr
ica
n p
ha
rma
ceu
tica
l ma
nu
fact
ure
rs
(Ka
ale
E a
nd
Ris
ha
P.)
To a
da
pt
hig
he
r e
du
cati
on
to
th
e n
ee
ds
of
the
ph
arm
ace
uti
cal i
nd
ust
ry, t
o e
na
ble
the
de
velo
pm
en
t o
f H
IV/A
IDS
dru
gs
an
d c
om
plia
nce
to
WH
O s
tan
da
rds
for
ph
arm
ace
uti
cal m
an
ufa
ctu
rers
in E
ast
Afr
ica
Act
ion
me
de
or
Inte
rna
tio
na
l He
alt
h
TF
DA
Lab
ora
tory
re
con
stru
ctio
n is
on
go
ing
.On
e
An
aly
tica
l te
chn
icia
n t
rain
ed
in G
erm
an
y fo
r 7
we
eks
Tra
inin
g o
f a
Ph
arm
ace
uti
cal t
ech
nic
ian
is o
ng
oin
g
in G
erm
an
y fo
r 6
we
eks
AN
NU
AL
RE
PO
RT
20
07
/20
08
MU
HIM
BIL
I U
NIV
ER
SIT
Y O
F H
EA
LTH
AN
D A
LLIE
D S
CIE
NC
ES
43
Pro
ject
tit
le a
nd
Na
me
of
(PI)
Ma
in o
bje
ctiv
e(s
)C
oll
ab
ora
tin
g
Inst
itu
tio
n(s
)P
rog
ress
of
Imp
lem
en
tati
on
Do
me
stic
ati
on
of
safe
me
dic
ina
l
pla
nts
(M
osh
i M.J
)
Do
cum
en
tati
on
of
safe
me
dic
ina
l pla
nts
an
d p
rom
oti
on
of
sust
ain
ab
le h
arv
est
ing
uti
liza
tio
n.
Mb
ara
ra U
niv
ers
ity
of
Tech
no
log
y a
nd
MO
I
Un
ive
rsit
y
Ba
selin
e s
urv
eys
do
ne
in W
est
ern
Ug
an
da
,
do
cum
en
tati
on
of
63
Me
dic
ina
l pla
nts
do
ne
. In
20
08
eth
no
me
dic
al s
urv
ey
wa
s d
on
e in
ka
ge
ra
Re
gio
n le
ad
ing
to
do
cum
en
tati
on
of
28
3 p
lan
t
spe
cie
s. E
xtra
cts
of
12
pla
nt
spe
cie
s h
ave
be
en
test
ed
fo
r a
nti
ba
cte
ria
l an
d a
nti
fun
ga
l act
ivit
y a
nd
for
bri
ne
sh
rim
p t
oxi
city
. On
e t
op
ica
l Cre
am
(R
avo
cre
am
) d
eve
lop
ed
an
d p
ate
nte
d. D
eve
lop
me
nt
of
sta
nd
ard
iza
tio
n m
ark
ers
is in
pro
gre
ss.
Vic
res-
Me
dic
ina
l Pla
nts
( O
tie
no
, J)
Ide
nti
fyin
g a
nt-
TB
me
dic
ina
l pla
nts
Ug
an
da
an
d K
en
ya
Un
ive
rsit
ies
Eth
no
bo
tan
y S
urv
ey
com
ple
ted
, sta
rte
d a
nti
-TB
test
ing
Too
ls f
or
con
tin
uin
g e
du
cati
on
fo
r
con
ven
tio
na
l he
alt
h p
ract
itio
ne
rs a
nd
he
alt
h s
cie
nce
s st
ud
en
ts
(Ma
hu
nn
ah
, R.A
)
Inte
gra
tin
g T
RM
in p
rim
ary
He
alt
h C
are
in o
rde
r to
imp
rove
th
e p
oo
r h
ea
lth
con
dit
ion
s
ITM
/MU
HA
S, W
HO
/
Afr
o, M
OH
On
go
ing
Co
mm
un
ity
ba
sed
cu
ltiv
ati
on
of
Hib
iscu
s sa
bd
ari
ffa
, Mo
rin
ga
ole
ifer
a
an
d A
loe
vera
an
d p
rod
uct
ion
of
sta
nd
ard
ize
d h
erb
al n
utr
itio
na
l
sup
ple
me
nts
(M
osh
i, M
J)
Pro
mo
tio
n o
f p
rod
uct
de
velo
pm
en
t fo
r
he
rba
l nu
trit
ion
al s
up
ple
me
nts
fo
r u
se
an
d in
com
e g
en
era
tio
n.
De
pt
of
Ch
em
ica
l an
d
Pro
cess
En
gin
ee
rin
g
(UD
SM
) K
on
go
we
Co
mm
un
ity
Farm
ers
an
d IT
M.
Alo
e ve
ra c
rea
m d
eve
lop
ed
last
ye
ar
is n
ow
be
ing
pro
du
ced
fo
r u
se b
y p
eo
ple
.
Hav
e d
eve
lop
ed
ca
psu
les
con
tain
ing
ext
ract
s o
f
Hib
iscu
s sa
bd
ari
ffa
ca
lyce
s a
nd
Mo
rin
ga
leav
es.
Ob
tain
ed
fu
nd
ing
to
do
va
lue
ch
ain
an
aly
sis
for
juic
e p
rod
uct
(M
ori
zella
)
Gra
nte
d a
pa
ten
t fo
r M
ori
zella
Ju
ice
Ob
tain
ed
fu
nd
s fr
om
th
e S
wis
s D
eve
lop
me
nt
Co
rpo
rati
on
to
re
no
va
te a
he
rba
l me
dic
ine
s
pro
du
ctio
n la
bo
rato
ry
Co
nst
ruct
ion
of
a c
om
me
rcia
l dry
er
at
Kib
ah
a
Ko
ng
ow
e is
alm
ost
co
mp
lete
d
Pu
rch
ase
d a
uth
en
tic
Alo
e ve
ra s
ee
ds
for
Farm
ers
Qu
alit
y o
f S
erv
ice
s in
Pri
va
te
Ph
arm
aci
es
in T
an
zan
ia. (
Ka
ga
she
, G.)
To a
sse
ss t
he
qu
alit
y o
f P
ha
rma
ceu
tica
l
care
off
ere
d in
th
ese
ph
arm
aci
es.
Da
ta c
olle
ctio
n c
om
ple
ted
.
AN
NU
AL
RE
PO
RT
20
07
/20
08
MU
HIM
BIL
I U
NIV
ER
SIT
Y O
F H
EA
LTH
AN
D A
LLIE
D S
CIE
NC
ES
44
Pro
ject
tit
le a
nd
Na
me
of
(PI)
Ma
in o
bje
ctiv
e(s
)C
oll
ab
ora
tin
g
Inst
itu
tio
n(s
)P
rog
ress
of
Imp
lem
en
tati
on
Ca
nce
r D
rug
De
velo
pm
en
t
(Mb
wa
mb
o, Z
.H)
Iso
lati
on
of
an
tica
nce
r co
mp
ou
nd
s.In
stit
ute
of T
rad
itio
na
l
Me
dic
ine
.
on
go
ing
Pro
ject
Acc
ep
t: C
om
mu
nit
y-b
ase
d
HIV
vo
lun
tary
co
un
selin
g a
nd
te
stin
g
(VC
T)
(mu
lti-
site
pro
ject
): N
IH f
un
de
d.
(Mb
wa
mb
o, J
)
To d
ete
rmin
e t
he
imp
act
of
mo
bile
VC
T,
po
st-t
est
su
pp
ort
se
rvic
es
(PT
SS
) a
nd
com
mu
nit
y m
ob
iliza
tio
n a
ctiv
itie
s o
n H
IV
inci
de
nce
ra
tes
in c
om
mu
nit
ies.
Joh
n H
op
kin
s
Un
ive
rsit
y, U
niv
ers
ity
of
Ca
lifo
rnia
LA
,
Un
ive
rsit
y o
f C
alif
orn
ia
at
Sa
n F
ran
cisc
o.
2n
d y
ea
r o
f im
ple
me
nta
tio
n o
f a
ctiv
itie
s.
Pe
er
de
live
red
se
lf-e
ffica
cy s
tud
y
(Ta
nza
nia
AID
S P
reve
nti
on
Pro
ject
)
(Kill
on
zo, G
)
To d
ete
rmin
e f
act
ors
infl
ue
nci
ng
he
roin
inje
ctio
n p
ract
ice
s in
ord
er
to d
esc
rib
e
pro
cess
es
an
d in
form
pre
ven
tio
n.
Un
ive
rsit
y o
f Te
xas,
US
A.
Ma
nu
scri
pt
de
velo
pm
en
t a
nd
op
era
tio
na
l re
sea
rch
pro
po
sal d
eve
lop
me
nt.
Co
mm
un
ity
ba
sed
HIV
/AID
S s
tig
ma
red
uct
ion
. (M
bw
am
bo
, J)
Eva
lua
tio
n o
f a
co
mm
un
ity
ba
sed
HIV
/
AID
S s
tig
ma
re
du
ctio
n in
terv
en
tio
n.
Inte
rna
tio
na
l Ce
ntr
e
for
Wo
me
n’s
Re
sea
rch
US
A.
Re
po
rt w
riti
ng
ph
ase
.
De
fin
ing
th
e s
pe
ctru
m o
f S
ick
le
Ce
ll D
ise
ase
in E
ast
Afr
ica
, A C
linic
al
ep
ide
mio
log
ica
l stu
dy
Dr
J M
ak
an
i
Co
llab
ora
tors
Pro
fess
ors
K P
alla
ng
yo, K
Ma
rsh
, SL
Th
ein
. Dr
T W
illia
ms
To d
efi
ne
th
e m
ajo
r ca
use
s o
f m
orb
idit
y
an
d m
ort
alit
y o
n p
ati
en
ts w
ith
Sic
kle
Ce
ll
dis
ea
se a
tte
nd
ing
Mu
him
bili
Na
tio
na
l
Ho
spit
al.
Th
e f
ocu
s is
on
Ma
lari
a, b
act
eri
al
infe
ctio
ns
an
d S
tro
ke
Un
ive
rsit
y o
f
Oxf
ord
, Oxf
ord
,
UK
KE
MR
I-W
ellc
om
e
pro
gra
mm
e, K
ilifi
,
Ke
nya
20
04
– lo
ng
te
rm, p
rosp
ect
ive
stu
dy
20
07
-20
08
– in
teri
m d
ata
an
aly
sis
20
08
-20
10
– s
up
po
rt f
un
din
g a
s p
art
of
stra
teg
ic
awa
rd f
rom
We
llco
me
Tru
st t
o K
EM
RI-
We
llco
me
,
Kili
fi K
en
ya.
AN
NU
AL
RE
PO
RT
20
07
/20
08
MU
HIM
BIL
I U
NIV
ER
SIT
Y O
F H
EA
LTH
AN
D A
LLIE
D S
CIE
NC
ES
45
Pro
ject
tit
le a
nd
Na
me
of
(PI)
Ma
in o
bje
ctiv
e(s
)C
oll
ab
ora
tin
g
Inst
itu
tio
n(s
)P
rog
ress
of
Imp
lem
en
tati
on
Th
e r
ole
of
mic
ron
utr
ien
ts, a
nd
ge
ne
s a
ffe
ctin
g t
he
ir m
eta
bo
lism
, as
de
term
ina
nts
of
the
se
veri
ty o
f si
ckle
cell
dis
ea
se in
Ea
st A
fric
a.
Pro
fess
or
An
dre
w P
ren
tice
, Dr
Sh
aro
n
Co
x (L
SH
TM
) P
rofe
sso
r K
ev
in M
ars
h,
Dr
Tom
Will
iam
s (K
EM
RI-
Kili
fi)
& D
r
Julie
Ma
ka
ni (
MU
HA
S).
Th
is s
tud
y a
ims
to e
xam
ine
th
e p
oss
ible
role
of
nu
trig
en
eti
c fa
cto
rs a
ffe
ctin
g ir
on
an
d h
ae
mo
glo
bin
re
cycl
ing
an
d B
vit
am
in
me
tab
olis
m in
th
e s
eve
rity
of
sick
le c
ell
dis
ea
se.
The
follo
win
g q
ues
tio
ns
are
ad
dre
ssed
:
Do
iro
n a
nd
B v
ita
min
sta
tus
aff
ect
(i)
th
e r
isk
of
clin
ica
l ep
iso
de
s o
f S
CD
?
Do
fu
nct
ion
al g
en
eti
c (ii
) p
oly
mo
rph
ism
s o
f h
ap
tog
lob
in
aff
ect
oxi
da
nt
stre
ss (
thro
ug
h
incr
ea
sed
ce
ll-fr
ee
ha
em
og
lob
in
an
d/o
r im
pa
ire
d ir
on
re
cycl
ing
) a
nd
lea
d t
o in
cre
ase
d p
rev
ale
nce
of
seve
re S
CD
?
Is t
he
re a
n e
ffe
ct o
f B
vit
am
ins,
(ii
i) a
nd
of
ge
ne
s re
gu
lati
ng
th
eir
me
tab
olis
m, o
n le
vels
of
seru
m
ho
mo
cyst
ein
e a
nd
do
es
this
aff
ect
the
ris
k o
f cl
inic
al o
utc
om
es
of
SC
D?
LSH
TM
KE
MR
I-W
ellc
om
e
pro
gra
mm
e, K
ilifi
,
Ke
nya
20
07
– 2
00
8: d
ata
co
llect
ion
of
clin
ica
l da
ta a
nd
lab
ora
tory
sa
mp
les.
20
09
- L
ab
an
d d
ata
an
aly
sis
pla
nn
ed
to
be
com
ple
ted
.
Ma
lari
a g
en
eti
c e
pid
em
iolo
gy
ne
two
rk
(Ma
lari
aG
EN
)
(Dr
J M
ak
an
i
Pro
fess
or
D K
wia
tko
wsk
i)
To c
ha
ract
eri
ze t
he
ge
ne
tic
va
ria
tio
n
in m
ala
ria
-en
de
mic
po
pu
lati
on
s to
de
term
ine
th
e p
rese
nce
of
ma
lari
a
can
did
ate
ge
ne
s in
Da
r-e
s-S
ala
am
,
Tan
zan
ia.
Un
ive
rsit
y o
f O
xfo
rdS
tart
: 20
06
En
d: D
ece
mb
er
20
08
AN
NU
AL
RE
PO
RT
20
07
/20
08
MU
HIM
BIL
I U
NIV
ER
SIT
Y O
F H
EA
LTH
AN
D A
LLIE
D S
CIE
NC
ES
46
Pro
ject
tit
le a
nd
Na
me
of
(PI)
Ma
in o
bje
ctiv
e(s
)C
oll
ab
ora
tin
g
Inst
itu
tio
n(s
)P
rog
ress
of
Imp
lem
en
tati
on
Bu
ildin
g M
ed
ica
l, Te
ach
ing
an
d
Re
sea
rch
Ca
pa
city
in H
ae
ma
tolo
gy
in
Tan
zan
ia
Pro
fess
or
D R
ob
ert
s
Dr
J M
ak
an
i
To d
eve
lop
a p
ost
gra
du
ate
te
ach
ing
pro
gra
mm
e in
Ha
em
ato
log
y a
nd
Blo
od
tra
nsf
usi
on
in t
he
fo
rm o
f a
Ma
ste
r o
f
Me
dic
ine
an
d m
ast
er
of
Sci
en
ce.
Un
ive
rsit
y o
f O
xfo
rd,
Th
e W
hit
tin
gto
n
Ho
spit
al,
Lon
do
n,
UK
; KE
MR
I-W
ellc
om
e
pro
gra
mm
e, K
ilifi
,
Ke
nya
Sta
rte
d in
Se
pte
mb
er
20
07
.
Ad
dit
ion
al f
un
din
g a
s p
art
of
De
lPH
E g
ran
t
awa
rde
d t
o d
ire
cto
rate
of
con
tin
uin
g e
du
cati
on
an
d p
rofe
ssio
na
l de
velo
pm
en
t.
Hu
ma
n im
mu
no
de
fici
en
cy v
iru
s in
Sic
kle
Ce
ll D
ise
ase
.
PIs
: E M
ed
a, S
Ab
ou
d, J
Ma
ka
ni
To d
ete
rmin
e p
rev
ale
nce
of
Hu
ma
n
imm
un
od
efi
cie
ncy
vir
us
in in
div
idu
als
wit
h S
ick
le C
ell
Dis
ea
se.
MU
HA
SN
ot
sta
rte
d
Re
ceiv
ed
su
pp
ort
fro
m M
UH
AS
re
sea
rch
su
pp
ort
gra
nt.
Pat
ho
ge
ne
sis
of
an
ae
mia
in c
hild
ren
an
d p
reg
na
nt
wo
me
n
D R
ob
ert
s
J M
ak
an
i
To e
sta
blis
h a
re
sea
rch
pro
gra
mm
e f
or
the
pa
tho
ge
ne
sis
an
d t
rea
tme
nt
of
an
ae
mia
in C
hild
ren
an
d p
reg
na
nt
wo
me
n in
Tan
zan
ia.
Gra
nt
rece
ive
d f
rom
Th
e r
oya
l So
cie
ty, U
K f
or
a
me
eti
ng
to
be
he
ld in
20
09
Re
sea
rch
pri
ori
tie
s in
blo
od
tra
nsf
usi
on
I ba
tes,
O H
ass
all
an
d J
Ma
ka
ni
Ho
w c
an
re
sea
rch
co
ntr
ibu
te t
o
imp
rov
ing
sa
fe b
loo
d s
up
plie
s fo
r b
loo
d
tra
nsf
usi
on
?
Un
ive
rsit
y o
f
Live
rpo
ol,
KE
MR
I-
We
llco
me
pro
gra
mm
e,
Kili
fi, K
en
ya
Gra
nt
rece
ive
d f
rom
Th
e W
ellc
om
e T
rust
, UK
to
ho
ld
a r
ese
arc
h w
ork
sho
p in
Se
pte
mb
er
20
08
.
Th
e s
oci
o-c
ult
ura
l co
nte
xt o
f ch
ild’s
sexu
al a
bu
se in
Ta
nza
nia
: P
oss
ibili
tie
s
an
d b
arr
iers
in c
om
mu
nit
y se
ttin
g
(Kis
an
ga
, F)
Co
ntr
ibu
tio
n t
o b
ett
er
un
de
rsta
nd
ing
of
child
’s s
exu
al a
bu
se m
ag
nit
ud
e,
com
mu
nit
y p
erc
ep
tio
n, s
oci
o-c
ult
ura
l
fact
or
tha
t p
erp
etu
ate
its
occ
urr
en
ce a
nd
role
s o
f d
iffe
ren
t g
rou
ps
in h
an
dlin
g t
he
pro
ble
m.
UM
EA
Un
ive
rsit
y
(Sw
ed
en
)
On
e m
an
usc
rip
t is
re
ad
y fo
r P
ub
lica
tio
n
Se
con
d M
an
usc
rip
t in
dra
ft F
orm
Sta
rte
d t
he
th
ird
su
b s
tud
y re
lati
ng
to
exp
eri
en
ces
of
CS
A S
urv
ivo
rs
AN
NU
AL
RE
PO
RT
20
07
/20
08
MU
HIM
BIL
I U
NIV
ER
SIT
Y O
F H
EA
LTH
AN
D A
LLIE
D S
CIE
NC
ES
47
Pro
ject
tit
le a
nd
Na
me
of
(PI)
Ma
in o
bje
ctiv
e(s
)C
oll
ab
ora
tin
g
Inst
itu
tio
n(s
)P
rog
ress
of
Imp
lem
en
tati
on
Qu
alit
y o
f m
ate
rna
l re
ferr
als
at
Ru
fiji
dis
tric
t (D
r. P
em
be
)
To d
ete
rmin
e f
act
ors
aff
ect
ing
ad
he
ren
ce
to r
efe
rra
l in
stru
ctio
ns
am
on
g p
reg
na
nt
mo
the
rs a
nd
co
mm
un
ity
of
Ru
fiji.
Up
psa
la U
niv
ers
ity
an
d U
ME
A U
niv
ers
ity
(Sw
ed
en
)
Two
ma
nu
scri
pts
hav
e b
ee
n s
ub
mit
ted
fo
r
pu
blic
ati
on
so
fa
r a
nd
on
e h
as
be
en
acc
ep
ted
by
Afr
ica
n J
ou
rna
l of
Re
pro
du
ctiv
e H
ea
lth
.
Follo
w u
p o
f re
ferr
al p
ati
en
ts f
or
on
e y
ea
r w
ill e
nd
in N
ove
mb
er
20
08
.
To c
on
tin
ue
wit
h a
na
lysi
s a
nd
ma
nu
scri
pts
of
exp
ect
ed
tw
o m
ore
pu
blic
ati
on
s.
MU
HA
S-H
arv
ard
Pu
blic
He
alt
h
Info
rma
tics
Tra
inin
g P
rog
ram
(Kill
ew
o, J
.Z.J
).
Tra
in T
an
zan
ian
pro
fess
ion
als
in
ep
ide
mio
log
y, b
iost
ati
stic
s, d
ata
ma
na
ge
me
nt,
pu
blic
he
alt
h s
urv
eill
an
ce
an
d o
the
r a
spe
cts
of
he
alt
h in
form
ati
cs.
Ha
rva
rd S
cho
ol o
f
Pu
blic
He
alt
h –
US
A
Pro
gre
ssin
g w
ell
Pat
hw
ays
to A
do
lesc
en
t H
ea
lth
an
d
Live
liho
od
s in
Ta
nza
nia
(K
ille
wo
, J.Z
.J)
To d
eve
lop
an
d e
va
lua
te a
n in
no
va
tive
con
cep
t o
f si
mu
lta
ne
ou
sly
ad
dre
ss
Tan
zan
ia’s
urg
en
t h
ea
lth
care
se
rvic
es
an
d
wo
rkfo
rce
ne
ed
s: T
he
Yo
uth
He
alt
h C
orp
s
(YH
C)
for
Inte
gra
ted
Co
mm
un
ity
– b
ase
d
Pre
ven
tio
n, C
are
, an
d T
rea
tme
nt.
Un
ive
rsit
y o
f
Ca
lifo
rnia
, Sa
n
Fra
nci
sco
.
Th
e p
roje
ct e
nd
, th
e t
ea
m is
no
w f
ocu
sin
g
on
pla
nn
ing
fo
r im
ple
me
nta
tio
n o
f th
e Y
HC
de
mo
nst
rati
on
pro
ject
in M
ufi
nd
i dis
tric
t
Eff
ect
s o
f g
lob
al H
ea
lth
Init
iati
ves
on
HIV
/AID
S t
o t
he
use
of
the
he
alt
h
syst
em
. T
he
ca
se o
f H
RH
in T
an
zan
ia –
(Se
ma
li, I.
A.J
)
To d
ete
rmin
e t
he
eff
ect
of
incr
ea
sed
glo
ba
l fu
nd
ing
fo
r H
IV/A
IDS
on
th
e u
se o
f
he
alt
h s
yste
m.
WH
O, U
niv
ers
ity
of
Du
blin
, Lo
ng
on
Sch
oo
l of
Hyg
ien
e a
nd
Tro
pic
al M
ed
icin
e.
Ba
se li
ne
Da
ta c
olle
ctio
n fi
nis
he
d.
Re
po
rt w
riti
ng
in p
rog
ress
AN
NU
AL
RE
PO
RT
20
07
/20
08
MU
HIM
BIL
I U
NIV
ER
SIT
Y O
F H
EA
LTH
AN
D A
LLIE
D S
CIE
NC
ES
48
Pro
ject
tit
le a
nd
Na
me
of
(PI)
Ma
in o
bje
ctiv
e(s
)C
oll
ab
ora
tin
g
Inst
itu
tio
n(s
)P
rog
ress
of
Imp
lem
en
tati
on
Lea
de
rsh
ip in
itia
tive
fo
r p
ub
lic h
ea
lth
in A
fric
a (
LIP
HE
A)
(Kill
ew
o,
J.Z
.J)
Init
iate
act
ivit
ies
focu
sin
g o
n le
ad
ers
hip
tra
inin
g in
th
e h
ea
lth
sys
tem
.
Tea
ch p
ub
lic h
ea
lth
lea
de
rsh
ip t
o b
oth
un
de
rgra
du
ate
s a
nd
po
stg
rad
ua
tes.
Faci
lita
te in
ter-
inst
itu
ion
al c
olla
bo
rati
on
to o
pti
miz
e r
eso
urc
es.
Dis
sem
ina
te r
ese
arc
h fi
nd
ing
s to
a w
ide
r
au
die
nce
.
MU
HA
S-
SP
HS
S,
Ma
kere
re U
niv
ers
ity
(Ug
an
da
), J
oh
ns
Ho
pk
ins
Un
ive
rsit
y
(US
A),
Tu
lan
e
Un
ive
rsit
y (U
SA
) a
nd
Ge
org
e W
ash
ing
ton
Un
ive
rsit
y (U
SA
).
Pro
gre
ssin
g w
ell
He
alt
h in
sura
nce
in t
he
de
velo
pin
g
cou
ntr
ies
(K
iwa
ra,
A.D
)
Est
ab
lish
re
aso
ns
for
low
up
take
of
NH
IFU
niv
ers
ity
of
Aa
rhu
s
(De
nm
ark
)
Th
e P
roje
ct is
fu
ll fu
nd
ed
.
Fie
ld w
ork
to
be
gin
in J
an
ua
ry 2
00
9
Ph
D S
tud
en
ts t
o r
eg
iste
r w
ith
th
e U
niv
ers
ity
of
Be
rge
n (
CIH
) th
is N
ove
rmb
er
(20
08
).
To
ass
ess
pre
va
len
ce o
f w
ate
r re
late
d
dis
ea
ses
an
d r
ela
ted
fa
cto
rs a
mo
ng
me
mb
ers
of
ho
use
ho
lds
in lo
w in
com
e
are
as
in D
SM
.
TU
FT
S U
niv
ers
ity
(US
A)
On
e p
ub
lica
tio
n s
ub
mit
ted
to
Jo
urn
al o
f Wat
er
an
d
He
alt
h a
nd
no
w u
nd
er
rev
iew
ed
MA
MO
P (
Mu
jinja
, P.G
.M)
Imp
rove
un
de
r-fi
ve m
ala
ria
ca
se
ma
na
ge
me
nt
Ka
rolin
ska
Inst
itu
te
(Sw
ed
en
)
He
ide
lbe
rg U
niv
ers
ity
(Ge
rma
ny)
Co
mp
lete
d in
Ju
ly 2
00
7
PE
ER
CO
N –
(M
ujin
ja, P
.G.M
)U
nd
ers
tan
din
g d
isp
en
sin
g p
ract
ice
an
d
imp
rove
dru
g c
on
sum
pti
on
.
Lon
do
n S
cho
ol o
f
Hyg
ien
e (
UK
)
Ka
rolin
ska
Inst
itu
te
(Sw
ed
en
)
Ha
lte
d s
ince
Ju
ly 2
00
7 d
ue
to
lack
of
fun
ds
`
Sa
rvill
e In
du
stry
wo
rke
rs P
roje
ct
Ro
ng
o (
LMB
)
Cro
ss s
ect
ion
al s
tud
y a
sse
ssin
g
resp
ira
tory
sym
pto
ms,
an
d s
ero
log
ica
l
an
d in
fla
mm
ato
ry r
esp
on
ses
in
ass
oci
ati
on
wit
h d
ust
an
d m
icro
bia
l
exp
osu
re in
saw
mill
s
Un
ive
rsit
y o
f U
tre
cht
WO
TR
O
Da
ta C
olle
ctio
n –
Au
gu
st/
Se
pte
mb
er
20
07
/20
08
AN
NU
AL
RE
PO
RT
20
07
/20
08
MU
HIM
BIL
I U
NIV
ER
SIT
Y O
F H
EA
LTH
AN
D A
LLIE
D S
CIE
NC
ES
49
Pro
ject
tit
le a
nd
Na
me
of
(PI)
Ma
in o
bje
ctiv
e(s
)C
oll
ab
ora
tin
g
Inst
itu
tio
n(s
)P
rog
ress
of
Imp
lem
en
tati
on
AB
BO
TT
Fu
nd
(R
eh
em
a C
ha
nd
e-
Ma
llya
)
Ma
in o
bje
ctiv
es
we
re:
Exc
ha
ng
e p
rog
ram
fo
r lib
rary
ß st
aff
Tra
inin
g o
f e
-re
sou
rce
sß
Str
en
gth
en
ing
of
curr
en
t ß aw
are
ne
ss s
erv
ice
s
Pu
rch
ase
of
me
dic
al
bo
oks
ß
Da
rtm
ou
th C
olle
ge
US
A
A p
roje
ct is
pro
gre
ssin
g o
n w
ell
as:
Th
e E
xch
an
ge
pro
gra
mm
e w
as
con
du
cte
d in
Feb
rua
ry a
nd
Ma
rch
20
08
Tra
inin
g o
f e
-re
sou
rce
s to
MU
HA
S A
cad
em
ic s
taff
wa
s im
ple
me
nte
d in
May
20
08
Pro
cure
me
nt
of
me
dic
al b
oo
ks is
in t
he
pro
cess
De
lPH
E P
roje
ct (
Re
he
ma
Ch
an
de
-
Ma
llya
)
“Str
en
gth
en
ing
of
he
alt
h in
form
ati
on
an
d
Lib
rary
se
rvic
es
in T
an
zan
ia”
TLS
B-T
an
zan
iaA
pro
ject
is in
itia
l sta
ge
AF
YA K
WA
VIJ
AN
A: A
co
mp
reh
en
sive
sch
oo
l ba
sed
an
d h
ea
lth
sys
tem
ba
sed
ap
pro
ach
to
ad
ole
sce
nt
he
alt
h
pro
mo
tio
n in
So
uth
Afr
ica
an
d
Tan
zan
ia (
Dr.
Dr.
K.S
. Mn
yik
a)
Th
e o
vera
ll o
bje
ctiv
e o
f th
is p
roje
ct is
to
imp
rove
th
e e
vid
en
ce b
ase
fo
r e
ffe
ctiv
e
he
alt
h p
rom
oti
on
am
on
g s
cho
ol a
ge
d
ad
ole
sce
nts
in T
an
zan
ia a
nd
So
uth
Afr
ica
No
rwe
gia
n C
en
tre
for
Inte
rna
tio
na
l
Co
op
era
tio
n in
Hig
he
r
Ed
uca
tio
n
Su
cce
ssfu
lly fi
nis
he
d r
un
nin
g a
wo
rksh
op
at
the
Un
ive
rsit
y o
f Li
mp
op
o in
So
uth
Afr
ica
. Th
e
wo
rksh
op
wa
s h
eld
fro
m 2
5th
– 2
8th
Ju
ne
, 20
08
an
d f
ocu
sed
on
th
e W
HO
co
nce
pt
of
he
alt
h
pro
mo
tin
g s
cho
ols
, th
e w
ork
sho
p w
as
att
en
de
d b
y
pa
rtic
ipa
nts
fro
m N
orw
ay, T
an
zan
ia, S
ou
th A
fric
a,
Sw
azi
lan
d a
nd
Bo
tsw
an
a
Tria
l Vit
am
ins
am
on
g C
hild
ren
of
HIV
-
Infe
cte
d W
om
en
(Faw
zi, P
rof.
K. M
an
ji a
nd
Du
gg
an
)
To e
xam
ine
th
e e
ffe
ct o
f m
icro
nu
trie
nt
sup
ple
me
nta
tio
n o
n m
orb
idit
y a
nd
mo
rta
lity
ou
tco
me
s a
mo
ng
infa
nts
bo
rn
to H
IV-
po
siti
ve w
om
en
NIA
ID-
Na
tio
na
l
Inst
itu
te o
f A
llerg
ic
an
d in
fect
iou
s
dis
ea
ses
23
85
ch
ildre
n r
an
do
miz
ed
an
d f
ollo
we
d u
p f
or
24
mo
nth
s. O
nly
33
of
the
se d
id n
ot
hav
e a
co
mp
lete
24
mo
nth
s fo
llow
– u
p.
HIV
po
siti
ve c
hild
ren
an
d t
he
ir m
oth
ers
hav
e b
ee
n
tra
nsf
err
ed
to
MD
H C
are
an
d T
rea
tme
nt
cen
tre
s fo
r
con
tin
uu
m c
are
of
HIV
. Da
ta is
be
ing
cle
an
ed
an
d
ma
nu
scri
pts
sh
all
follo
w
AN
NU
AL
RE
PO
RT
20
07
/20
08
MU
HIM
BIL
I U
NIV
ER
SIT
Y O
F H
EA
LTH
AN
D A
LLIE
D S
CIE
NC
ES
50
Pro
ject
tit
le a
nd
Na
me
of
(PI)
Ma
in o
bje
ctiv
e(s
)C
oll
ab
ora
tin
g
Inst
itu
tio
n(s
)P
rog
ress
of
Imp
lem
en
tati
on
Bo
dy
com
po
siti
on
am
on
g p
reg
na
nt
Tan
zan
ian
wo
me
n: T
he
ro
le o
f H
IV
infe
ctio
n
(Faw
zi, P
rof.
K. M
an
ji a
nd
Du
gg
an
)
1. T
o m
ea
sure
to
tal b
od
y w
ate
r u
sin
g
de
ute
riu
m d
iluti
on
am
on
g t
wo
gro
up
s o
f
pre
gn
an
t w
om
en
(i.e
., H
IV-p
osi
tive
an
d
HIV
-ne
ga
tive
) m
atc
he
d f
or
ge
sta
tio
na
l
ag
e
2. T
o v
alid
ate
th
e u
se o
f B
ioe
lect
ric
Imp
ed
an
ce A
na
lysi
s a
s a
me
asu
re o
f b
od
y
com
po
siti
on
du
rin
g p
reg
na
ncy
Inte
rna
tio
na
l Ato
mic
En
erg
y A
sso
cia
tio
n-
IAE
A
Pa
rtic
ipa
nts
en
rolle
d in
th
e 3
rd q
ua
rte
r: H
IV +
+ 3
0
an
d H
IV -
= 3
0.
Se
rio
us
ad
vers
e e
ven
ts r
ep
ort
ed
in t
he
3rd
qu
art
er
:
4 (
ab
ort
ion
s –
no
t re
late
d)
Ou
tpu
ts: T
he
Da
te e
ntr
y a
nd
cle
an
ing
is u
p t
o d
ate
.
A p
rog
ress
re
po
rt s
ub
mit
ted
to
IAE
A. L
ast
aliq
uo
ts
of
uri
ne
sp
eci
me
n t
o b
e s
en
t to
Ba
ng
alo
re in
Feb
rua
ry, 2
00
8.
A t
ria
l of
Zin
c a
nd
mic
ron
utr
ien
ts in
child
ren
( P
rof.
K. M
an
ji a
nd
Dru
gg
an
)
To d
ete
rmin
e w
he
the
r th
e o
ral
ad
min
istr
ati
on
of
zin
c a
nd
/or
a
mic
ron
utr
ien
t su
pp
lem
en
t (i
ncl
ud
ing
vit
am
ins
C, E
, B1
, B2
, nia
cin
, B6
, fo
late
, an
d
B1
2)
to T
an
zan
ian
infa
nts
an
d c
hild
ren
1)
red
uce
s th
e in
cid
en
ce o
f d
iarr
he
al
an
d r
esp
ira
tory
illn
ess
es
an
d 2
) re
sult
s in
imp
rove
d g
row
th (
we
igh
t a
nd
len
gth
fo
r
ag
e Z
sco
res)
co
mp
are
d w
ith
pla
ceb
o
Na
tio
na
l In
stit
ute
of
child
He
alt
h a
nd
Hu
ma
n D
eve
lop
me
nt,
NIH
In M
arc
h 2
00
7 w
e b
eg
an
scr
ee
nin
g H
IV –
Ne
ga
tive
pre
gn
an
t w
om
en
at
Ma
go
me
ni a
nte
na
tal c
linic
in
Da
r e
s sa
laa
m f
or
incl
usi
on
in “A
Tri
al o
f zi
nc
an
d
Mic
ron
utr
ien
t in
Ta
nza
nia
Ch
ildre
n,.
In A
ug
ust
we
sta
rte
d r
ecr
uit
me
nt
at
Sin
za a
nd
in N
ove
mb
er
we
be
ga
n e
nro
lme
nt
at
Am
tula
ba
i.
As
of
22
Au
gu
st 2
00
8 1
11
8 p
reg
na
nt
wo
me
n
en
rolle
d a
t M
ag
om
en
i 54
4 a
t si
nza
an
d 7
43
at
Am
tula
ba
i. T
he
se w
om
en
re
ceiv
ed
an
ten
ata
l ca
re
thro
ug
h t
his
stu
dy.
A t
ria
l o
f Z
inc
in H
IV p
rog
ress
ion
in
HIV
infe
cte
d c
hild
ren
( E
du
ard
o, a
nd
Pro
f. K
an
ji)
To d
ete
rmin
e w
he
the
r th
e o
ral
ad
min
istr
ati
on
of
zin
c to
Ta
nza
nia
HIV
po
siti
ve C
hild
ren
Tra
she
r Fo
un
da
tio
n/
MD
H
Re
cru
itm
en
t st
art
ed
in M
arc
h, 2
00
8. 6
5 c
hild
ren
hav
e b
ee
n r
an
do
miz
ed
, 5 h
ave
be
en
te
rmit
ed
. No
seri
ou
s a
dve
rse
eve
nt
rep
ort
ed
. Am
en
dm
en
t to
th
e
con
sen
t h
ave
be
en
ma
de
an
d a
pp
rove
d.
A p
ha
se II
I tri
al t
o d
ete
rmin
e t
he
effi
cacy
an
d s
afe
ty o
f a
n e
xte
nd
ed
reg
ime
n o
f N
ev
ira
pin
e in
infa
nts
bo
rn
to H
IV p
osi
tive
wo
me
n t
o p
reve
nt
HIV
tra
nsm
issi
on
du
rin
g b
rea
stfe
ed
ing
(HP
TN
04
6)
( Fa
wzi
an
d M
an
ji)
To a
sse
ss if
Ne
vir
ap
ine
ad
min
iste
red
to c
hild
ren
of
HIV
-po
siti
ve w
om
en
thro
ug
ho
ut
bre
ast
fee
din
g f
or
six
mo
nth
s
(or
un
til c
ess
ati
on
of
bre
ast
fee
din
g)
red
uce
s m
oth
er-
to-c
hild
tra
nsm
issi
on
of
HIV
via
bre
ast
fee
din
g c
om
pa
red
to
pla
ceb
o
DA
IDS
, NIH
Act
iva
tio
n r
eq
uir
em
en
ts a
re o
n g
oin
g in
th
e
lab
ora
tory
incl
ud
ing
va
lida
tio
n o
f e
qu
ipm
en
t a
nd
the
de
velo
pm
en
t o
f re
fere
nce
ra
ng
es
an
d s
tan
da
rd.
Re
cru
itm
en
t is
exp
ect
ed
to
be
gu
n in
th
e la
st
qu
art
er
of
20
08
AN
NU
AL
RE
PO
RT
20
07
/20
08
MU
HIM
BIL
I U
NIV
ER
SIT
Y O
F H
EA
LTH
AN
D A
LLIE
D S
CIE
NC
ES
51
Pro
ject
tit
le a
nd
Na
me
of
(PI)
Ma
in o
bje
ctiv
e(s
)C
oll
ab
ora
tin
g
Inst
itu
tio
n(s
)P
rog
ress
of
Imp
lem
en
tati
on
Imp
rov
ing
ma
lari
a c
ase
ma
na
ge
me
nt
in c
hild
ren
un
de
r fi
ve y
ea
rs: A
mu
ltic
om
po
ne
nt
an
d m
ult
idis
cip
lina
ry a
pp
roa
ch
(Pro
f. A
mo
s M
ase
lle)
Imp
rove
ma
lari
a c
ase
ma
na
ge
me
nt
ba
sed
on
acc
ura
te d
iag
no
sis
an
d c
orr
ect
tre
atm
en
t.
Sid
a/S
AR
EC
Th
ere
are
4 P
hD
stu
de
nts
in v
ari
ou
s st
ag
es
of
pro
gre
ss
HIV
Va
ccin
e Im
mu
no
ge
nit
y S
tud
y a
t
Mu
him
bili
Un
ive
rsit
y o
f H
ea
lth
an
d
Alli
ed
Sci
en
ces
P.I.=
Pro
f.F.M
ha
lu
Co
.=P.
I.Pro
f.K.P
alla
ng
yo
Pro
ject
Dir
ect
or=
Dr
M.B
ak
ari
HIV
IS p
roje
ct is
a p
ha
se I/
II H
IV V
acc
ine
tria
l aim
ed
at
de
term
inin
g t
he
sa
fety
an
d im
mu
no
ge
nic
itiy
of
a c
an
did
ate
HIV
va
ccin
e c
on
sist
ing
of
Mu
ltic
lad
e H
IV-1
DN
A p
rim
ing
fo
llow
ed
by
MV
A-
DN
A
bo
ost
ing
.
Eu
rop
ea
n U
nio
n/
Sid
a/S
AR
EC
an
d t
he
Sw
ed
ish
Em
ba
ssy
in D
SM
th
rou
gh
th
e
Tan
zan
ia G
ove
rnm
en
t
Tre
asu
ry
As
at
the
en
d o
f J
un
e 2
00
8 a
ll th
e r
eq
uir
ed
60
volu
nte
ers
ha
d b
ee
n e
nro
lled
an
d h
ad
re
ceiv
ed
DN
A/P
lace
bo
va
ccin
ati
on
s a
nd
ab
ou
t h
alf
ha
d
rece
ive
d M
VA
/Pla
ceb
o b
oo
st.In
acc
ord
an
ce w
ith
stu
dy
pro
toco
l 1
5 (
25
%)
of
the
vo
lun
tee
rs a
re
fem
ale
s. S
o f
ar
the
va
ccin
e c
an
did
ate
str
ate
gy
ha
s
be
en
sh
ow
n t
o b
e s
afe
an
d t
o h
ave
imp
ress
ive
imm
un
og
en
icit
y
Re
sea
rch
Ca
pa
city
Str
en
gth
en
ing
PI:
Pro
f. E
Lya
mu
yaC
ap
aci
ty b
uild
ing
Stu
die
s a
re o
ng
oin
g a
t d
iffe
ren
t st
ag
es
of
imp
lem
en
tati
on
HIV
Va
ccin
e Im
mu
no
ge
nit
y S
tud
y a
t
Mu
him
bili
Un
ive
rsit
y o
f H
ea
lth
an
d
Alli
ed
Sci
en
ces
P.I.=
Pro
f.F.M
ha
lu
Co
.=P.
I.Pro
f.K.P
alla
ng
yo
Pro
ject
Dir
ect
or=
Dr
M.B
ak
ari
HIV
IS p
roje
ct is
a p
ha
se I/
II H
IV V
acc
ine
tria
l aim
ed
at
de
term
inin
g t
he
sa
fety
an
d im
mu
no
ge
nic
itiy
of
a c
an
did
ate
HIV
va
ccin
e c
on
sist
ing
of
Mu
ltic
lad
e H
IV-1
DN
A p
rim
ing
fo
llow
ed
by
MV
A-
DN
A
bo
ost
ing
.
Eu
rop
ea
n U
nio
n/
Sid
a/S
AR
EC
an
d t
he
Sw
ed
ish
Em
ba
ssy
in D
SM
th
rou
gh
the
Ta
nza
nia
Go
vt
Tre
asu
ry
As
at
the
en
d o
f J
un
e 2
00
8 a
ll th
e r
eq
uir
ed
60
volu
nte
ers
ha
d b
ee
n e
nro
lled
an
d h
ad
re
ceiv
ed
DN
A/P
lace
bo
va
ccin
ati
on
s a
nd
ab
ou
t h
alf
ha
d
rece
ive
d M
VA
/Pla
ceb
o b
oo
st.In
acc
ord
an
ce w
ith
stu
dy
pro
toco
l 1
5 (
25
%)
of
the
vo
lun
tee
rs a
re
fem
ale
s. S
o f
ar
the
va
ccin
e c
an
did
ate
str
ate
gy
ha
s
be
en
sh
ow
n t
o b
e s
afe
an
d t
o h
ave
imp
ress
ive
imm
un
og
en
icit
y
TA
NS
WE
D p
roje
ct B
: Stu
die
s o
n
imp
rov
ing
lab
ora
tory
dia
gn
osi
s a
nd
mo
nit
ori
ng
of
HIV
-1 in
fect
ion
P.I.=
Pro
f.E.L
yam
uya
Th
e p
rog
ram
me
aim
s a
t a
dd
ress
ing
va
rio
us
HIV
an
d A
IDS
inte
rve
nti
on
act
ivit
ies
in D
ar
es
Sa
laa
m a
nd
Ka
ge
ra
reg
ion
s
i. C
urr
en
tly
7 s
taff
incl
ud
ing
on
e f
rom
th
e M
uh
imb
ili
Na
tio
na
l Ho
spit
al a
re a
t d
iffe
ren
t st
ag
es
of
Ph
D
tra
inin
g in
Sw
ed
ish
Un
ive
rsit
ies
in a
sa
nd
wic
h
mo
de
l wit
h m
ost
of
the
clin
ica
l/fi
eld
lab
ora
tory
wo
rk b
ein
g d
on
e in
Ta
nza
nia
AN
NU
AL
RE
PO
RT
20
07
/20
08
MU
HIM
BIL
I U
NIV
ER
SIT
Y O
F H
EA
LTH
AN
D A
LLIE
D S
CIE
NC
ES
52
Pro
ject
tit
le a
nd
Na
me
of
(PI)
Ma
in o
bje
ctiv
e(s
)C
oll
ab
ora
tin
g
Inst
itu
tio
n(s
)P
rog
ress
of
Imp
lem
en
tati
on
TA
NS
WE
D p
roje
ctC
1: S
tud
y o
n
fea
sib
ility
an
d a
cce
pta
bili
ty o
f yo
uth
s
for
HIV
Va
ccin
e a
nd
mic
rob
icid
es
tria
ls
P.I.=
Pro
f.E.L
yam
uya
To d
ete
rmin
e; a
cce
pta
bili
ty o
f yo
un
g
fem
ale
s p
art
icip
ati
on
in s
tru
ctu
red
fo
llow
-
up
; kn
ow
led
ge
an
d a
ttit
ud
es
of
you
ng
fem
ale
s to
wa
rds
va
ccin
es
an
d t
he
HIV
va
ccin
e; a
cce
pta
bili
ty a
nd
will
ing
ne
ss
to u
se v
ag
ina
l mic
rob
icid
es
in S
TI/
HIV
pre
ven
tio
n; p
rev
ale
nce
ra
te o
f H
PV
infe
ctio
n in
yo
un
g f
em
ale
s.
Ka
rolin
ska
Inst
itu
teD
iag
no
stic
te
sts
for
HIV
ev
alu
ate
d a
nd
alg
ori
thm
s
for
use
re
com
me
nd
ed
TA
NS
WE
D p
roje
ct D
: E
pid
em
iolo
gy
tow
ard
s e
va
lua
tio
n a
nd
mo
nit
ori
ng
of
HIV
infe
ctio
n in
th
e K
ag
era
Re
gio
n o
f
Tan
zan
ia
P.I.=
Pro
f.J.K
ilew
o
Ass
ess
tre
nd
s a
nd
de
term
ina
nts
of
HIV
infe
ctio
n in
Ka
ge
ra
UM
EA
Un
ive
rsit
y
(Sw
ed
en
) w
ith
fun
din
g f
rom
SID
A/
SA
RE
C.
Pro
gre
ssin
g w
ell
TA
NS
WE
D p
roje
ct F
: Stu
die
s o
f
mo
the
r to
ch
ild t
ran
smis
sio
n o
f H
IV-1
infe
ctio
n
P.Is
=D
rs A
.Ma
ssaw
e/C
.Kile
wo
MIT
RA
plu
s st
ud
y –
pre
ven
tio
n o
f m
oth
er
to c
hild
tra
nsm
issi
on
of
HIV
/AID
S
TA
NS
WE
D p
roje
ct J
2 M
on
ito
rin
g o
f
imm
un
e r
esp
on
ses
in p
ha
se !/
II H
IV
va
ccin
e t
ria
ls in
Sw
ed
en
an
d T
an
zan
ia
P.I.=
Pro
f.E.L
yam
uya
To e
va
lua
te n
ew
me
tho
do
log
ies
for
HIV
bo
ost
ca
nd
ida
te H
IV v
acc
ine
.
Ka
rolin
ska
Inst
itu
te
TA
NS
WE
D p
roje
ct J
3: P
erc
ep
tio
n a
nd
soci
al r
esp
on
ses
tow
ard
s H
IV V
acc
ine
tria
ls in
th
e c
oh
ort
of
po
lice
offi
cers
(Po
s)in
Da
r e
s S
ala
am
Ta
nza
nia
P.I.=
Dr
M.B
ak
ari
To d
esc
rib
e; r
ea
son
s fo
r lo
w c
on
do
m
use
am
on
g P
Os’
; fa
cto
rs r
ela
ted
to
will
ing
ne
ss t
o p
art
icip
ate
in v
acc
ine
tri
als
;
kn
ow
led
ge
ga
ps
on
HIV
, HIV
va
ccin
es
an
d H
IV v
acc
ine
tri
als
; in
form
ati
on
req
uir
ed
fo
r co
nst
ruct
ion
of
IEC
ma
teri
als
for
HIV
va
ccin
e t
ria
l pa
rtic
ipa
nts
;
po
ten
tia
l fa
cilit
ato
rs a
nd
ba
rrie
rs t
o t
ria
l
pa
rtic
ipa
tio
n
AN
NU
AL
RE
PO
RT
20
07
/20
08
MU
HIM
BIL
I U
NIV
ER
SIT
Y O
F H
EA
LTH
AN
D A
LLIE
D S
CIE
NC
ES
53
Pro
ject
tit
le a
nd
Na
me
of
(PI)
Ma
in o
bje
ctiv
e(s
)C
oll
ab
ora
tin
g
Inst
itu
tio
n(s
)P
rog
ress
of
Imp
lem
en
tati
on
TA
NS
WE
D p
roje
ct K
: Str
en
gth
en
ing
of
lab
ora
tory
ca
pa
bili
ty t
o s
up
po
rt
SA
RE
C f
un
de
d H
IV r
ela
ted
pro
ject
s in
the
de
pa
rtm
en
t o
f m
icro
bio
log
y a
nd
imm
un
olo
gy
P.I.=
Pro
f.E.L
yam
uya
Str
en
gth
en
ing
lab
ora
tory
ca
pa
city
Ka
rolin
ska
Inst
itu
te
TA
NS
WE
D p
roje
ct L
: Co
mm
on
co
sts
for
all
pro
ject
s
Pro
gra
mm
e C
oo
rdin
ato
r=P
rof.F
.Mh
alu
To c
oo
rdin
ate
th
e T
AN
SW
ED
HIV
Re
sea
rch
Pro
ject
s a
t M
UH
AS
Th
e fi
na
l fo
ur
yea
r’s
ph
ase
of
the
pro
gra
mm
e w
hic
h
be
ga
n o
n 1
st J
uly
,20
04
en
de
d o
n 3
0th
Ju
ne
,20
08
.
A 9
mo
nth
s c
ore
su
pp
ort
to
win
d u
p t
he
pro
gra
mm
e b
eg
inn
ing
1st J
uly
,20
08
an
d t
o e
nd
on
31
st M
arc
h,2
00
9 h
as
be
en
fu
nd
ed
.
A fi
na
l re
po
rt is
be
ing
pre
pa
red
TA
NS
WE
D p
roje
ct M
: Stu
dy
of
the
use
of
an
ti-r
etr
ov
ira
l dru
gs
in t
he
ma
na
ge
me
nt
of
HIV
infe
ctio
n in
Tan
zan
ia
P.I.P
rof.F
.Mu
gu
si
To c
om
pa
re o
utc
om
es
of
fou
r d
iffe
ren
t
loca
lly r
ele
va
nt
me
tho
ds
tha
t ca
n
en
ha
nce
AR
T a
dh
ere
nce
in T
an
zan
ia;
situ
ati
on
al a
na
lysi
s a
nd
mo
nit
ori
ng
of
cha
ng
e in
qu
alit
y o
f cl
inic
al c
ase
ma
na
ge
me
nt
of
HIV
/AID
S; e
stim
ati
on
an
d
mo
nit
ori
ng
co
st o
f in
-pa
tie
nt
tre
atm
en
t
an
d in
vest
iga
tio
ns
for
HIV
/AID
S a
t
Mu
him
bili
Na
tio
na
l Ho
spit
al.
Sw
ed
ish
Inst
itu
te
for
Infe
ctio
us
Dis
ea
se C
on
tro
l an
d
Ka
rolin
ska
.
TA
NS
WE
D p
roje
ct B
: Stu
die
s o
n
imp
rov
ing
lab
ora
tory
dia
gn
osi
s a
nd
mo
nit
ori
ng
of
HIV
-1 in
fect
ion
P.I.=
Pro
f.E.L
yam
uya
Th
e p
rog
ram
me
aim
s a
t a
dd
ress
ing
va
rio
us
HIV
an
d A
IDS
inte
rve
nti
on
act
ivit
ies
in D
ar
es
Sa
laa
m a
nd
Ka
ge
ra
reg
ion
s
Cu
rre
ntl
y 7
sta
ff in
clu
din
g o
ne
fro
m t
he
Mu
him
bili
Na
tio
na
l Ho
spit
al a
re a
t d
iffe
ren
t st
ag
es
of
Ph
D
tra
inin
g in
Sw
ed
ish
Un
ive
rsit
ies
in a
sa
nd
wic
h
mo
de
l wit
h m
ost
of
the
clin
ica
l/fi
eld
lab
ora
tory
wo
rk b
ein
g d
on
e in
Ta
nza
nia
AN
NU
AL
RE
PO
RT
20
07
/20
08
MU
HIM
BIL
I U
NIV
ER
SIT
Y O
F H
EA
LTH
AN
D A
LLIE
D S
CIE
NC
ES
54
Pro
ject
tit
le a
nd
Na
me
of
(PI)
Ma
in o
bje
ctiv
e(s
)C
oll
ab
ora
tin
g
Inst
itu
tio
n(s
)P
rog
ress
of
Imp
lem
en
tati
on
Pre
ven
tio
n o
f m
oth
er
to c
hild
tra
nsm
issi
on
of
HIV
-1(P
MTC
T P
lus)
thro
ug
h b
rea
stfe
ed
ing
by
tre
ati
ng
mo
the
rs w
ith
HA
AR
T
( D
r K
ilew
o C
)
To
re
du
ce m
oth
er
to c
hild
tra
nsm
issi
on
of
HIV
-1 t
hro
ug
h b
rea
stfe
ed
ing
by
tre
ati
ng
HIV
infe
cte
d w
om
en
wit
h H
AA
RT
in la
te p
reg
na
ncy
an
d f
or
up
to
6m
on
ths
of
bre
ast
fee
din
g a
nd
co
nti
nu
ed
fo
r t
he
elig
ible
mo
the
rs .t
o im
pro
ve m
ate
rna
l
he
alt
h
Sw
ed
ish
Inst
itu
te o
f
Infe
ctio
us
de
sea
se
con
tro
l(S
MI)
an
d K
aro
linsk
a
Inst
itu
te(K
I),
Sto
ckh
olm
Sw
ed
en
Pro
gre
ssin
g w
ell.
Fo
llow
up
of
child
ren
up
to
18
mo
nth
s o
f a
ge
is c
om
ple
ted
. Fo
llow
up
of
mo
the
rs
wh
o a
re o
n H
AA
RT
will
be
tra
nsf
err
ed
to
th
e A
RT
an
d c
are
clin
ics
in D
ar
es
sala
am
ne
xt y
ea
r
Tre
ati
ng
mo
the
rs w
ith
HA
AR
T d
uri
ng
th
e la
st t
hre
e
mo
nth
s o
f p
reg
na
ncy
or
Pre
ven
tive
Tre
atm
en
t
of
infa
nts
wit
h la
miv
ud
ine
(3TC
) d
uri
ng
th
e s
ix
mo
nth
s o
f b
rea
st f
ee
din
g r
ed
uce
d H
IV b
rea
st m
ilk
tra
nsm
issi
on
to
less
th
an
2%
Eff
ect
of
Mu
ltiv
ita
min
s S
up
ple
me
nts
on
Clin
ica
l an
d Im
mu
no
log
ica
l
resp
on
se in
Ch
ildh
oo
d T
ub
erc
ulo
sis
(TB
2)
( P
rof.
F. M
ug
usi
)
To e
va
lua
te t
he
effi
cacy
of
a m
ult
ivit
am
in
sup
ple
me
nt
con
tain
ing
vit
am
ins
B,
C a
nd
E o
n w
eig
ht
ga
in in
ch
ildh
oo
d
tub
erc
ulo
sis
at
two
mo
nth
s a
fte
r
sta
rt o
f a
nti
-tu
be
rcu
losi
s th
era
py
to
com
pa
re t
rea
tme
nt
arm
s w
ith
re
spe
ct
to im
mu
no
log
ica
l ma
rke
rs (
e.g
., H
IV v
ira
l
loa
d, C
D4
co
un
ts),
an
d t
o e
xam
ine
th
e
uti
lity
of
imm
un
e r
esp
on
se p
ara
me
ters
as
surr
og
ate
ma
rke
rs f
or
tre
atm
en
t e
ffica
cy
in t
ub
erc
ulo
sis
Na
tio
na
l In
stit
ute
of
Alle
rgic
an
d In
fect
iou
s
Dis
ea
ses
– N
IAID
Pro
gre
ssin
g w
ell
Pa
rtn
ers
hip
on
Nu
trit
ion
an
d H
IV/A
IDS
Re
sea
rch
in T
an
zan
ia: E
xplo
rato
ry
Stu
dy
on
Se
len
ium
in H
IV In
fect
ion
(
Pro
f F
. Mu
gu
si)
To d
ete
rmin
e t
he
infl
ue
nce
of
sele
niu
m
on
pre
gn
an
cy o
utc
om
es
in H
IV in
fect
ed
wo
me
n.
NIH
- N
ati
on
al I
nst
itu
te
of
He
alt
h
Pro
gre
ssin
g w
ell
A T
ria
l of V
ita
min
s a
nd
HA
AR
T in
HIV
Dis
ea
se P
rog
ress
ion
(TO
V3
) (P
rof.
F.
Mu
gu
si)
To e
xam
ine
th
e e
ffe
cts
of
mu
ltiv
ita
min
s
(in
clu
din
g B
, C, a
nd
E)
on
HIV
dis
ea
se
pro
gre
ssio
n a
mo
ng
HIV
-po
siti
ve
Tan
zan
ian
ad
ult
me
n a
nd
wo
me
n t
ak
ing
hig
hly
act
ive
an
ti-r
etr
ov
ira
l th
era
py
(HA
AR
T)
NIH
Pro
gre
ssin
g w
ell
AN
NU
AL
RE
PO
RT
20
07
/20
08
MU
HIM
BIL
I U
NIV
ER
SIT
Y O
F H
EA
LTH
AN
D A
LLIE
D S
CIE
NC
ES
55
Pro
ject
tit
le a
nd
Na
me
of
(PI)
Ma
in o
bje
ctiv
e(s
)C
oll
ab
ora
tin
g
Inst
itu
tio
n(s
)P
rog
ress
of
Imp
lem
en
tati
on
Eff
ect
of
Zin
c S
up
ple
me
nta
tio
n o
n
Pn
eu
mo
nia
in C
hild
ren
(D
r. F
ata
ki)
Na
tio
na
l In
stit
ute
of
Alle
rgic
an
d In
fect
iou
s
Dis
ea
ses
(NIA
ID)
Pro
gre
ssin
g w
ell
No
vel D
iag
no
stic
me
tho
ds
for
Pe
dia
tric
Tu
be
rcu
losi
s (
Pro
f. F.
Mu
gu
si)
To e
va
lua
te t
he
va
lidit
y o
f p
oly
me
rase
cha
in r
ea
ctio
n a
nd
sp
utu
m in
du
ctio
n f
or
dia
gn
osi
s o
f tu
be
rcu
losi
s a
mo
ng
ch
ildre
n
NIH
Pro
gre
ssin
g w
ell
A C
om
pa
rati
ve E
thn
og
rap
hic
Stu
dy
of
Infl
ue
nce
s o
n A
dh
ere
nce
to
An
tire
tro
vir
al T
he
rap
y in
Jo
s, N
ige
ria
an
d D
ar
es
Sa
laa
m, T
an
zan
ia. (
Dr.
S.
Ka
aya
)
Co
llect
info
rma
tio
n t
ha
t w
ill s
up
po
rt
ad
he
ren
ce s
tra
teg
ies
usi
ng
qu
alit
ati
ve
inte
rvie
ws,
pa
rtic
ipa
nt
ob
serv
ati
on
s o
f
form
al a
dh
ere
nce
su
pp
ort
s a
nd
su
bje
ctiv
e
(se
lf-r
ep
ort
) a
nd
ob
ject
ive
(p
ill c
ou
nt)
me
asu
res
of
ad
he
ren
ce.
HU
PA-
Ha
rva
rd
Un
ive
rsit
y P
rog
ram
me
on
AID
S
Ove
rall
stu
dy
ha
s g
oo
d p
rog
ress
, 50
of
50
pla
nn
ed
re
cru
ite
d, 1
03
of
15
0 in
de
pth
inte
rvie
ws
com
ple
ted
. Ob
serv
ati
on
s co
mp
lete
d a
nd
14
pa
tie
nts
ce
nte
red
.
Inn
ov
ati
ve A
pp
roa
che
s to
Gro
up
s
Co
un
selin
g w
ith
HIV
po
siti
ve W
om
en
( D
r. S
. Ka
aya
)
To c
om
pa
re t
he
eff
ect
ive
ne
ss o
f a
n
inn
ov
ati
ve g
rou
p c
ou
nse
ling
pro
gra
m
wit
h in
div
idu
al s
up
po
rtiv
e c
ou
nse
ling
(sta
nd
ard
of
care
) a
mo
ng
wo
me
n
infe
cte
d w
ith
HIV
in D
ar
es
Sa
laa
m.
Tan
zan
ia, i
n f
aci
lita
tin
g:
I) a
cce
pta
nce
of
HIV
te
stin
g a
nd
re
turn
fo
r te
stin
g
resu
lts;
an
d 2
) sa
fe d
iscl
osu
re o
f se
ro-
sta
tus
to s
ign
ifica
nt
oth
ers
, 3)
red
uct
ion
in d
ep
ress
ive
sym
pto
ma
tolo
gy
an
d 4
)
incr
ea
se in
pe
rce
ive
d s
oci
al s
up
po
rt in
this
po
pu
lati
on
(Na
tio
na
l In
stit
ute
of
me
nta
l He
alt
h –
NIM
H)
Pro
gre
ssin
g w
ell
AN
NU
AL
RE
PO
RT
20
07
/20
08
MU
HIM
BIL
I U
NIV
ER
SIT
Y O
F H
EA
LTH
AN
D A
LLIE
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Pro
ject
tit
le a
nd
Na
me
of
(PI)
Ma
in o
bje
ctiv
e(s
)C
oll
ab
ora
tin
g
Inst
itu
tio
n(s
)P
rog
ress
of
Imp
lem
en
tati
on
Pre
sid
en
t E
me
rge
ncy
Pla
n f
or
Aid
s
Re
lief
(S. K
aay
a)
To p
rov
ide
hig
h q
ua
lity
tre
atm
en
t a
nd
care
to
pa
tie
nts
wit
h H
IV/A
IDS
, an
d t
o
un
de
rta
ke o
pe
rati
on
s re
sea
rch
on
va
rio
us
asp
ect
s o
f H
IV/A
IDS
ma
na
ge
me
nt;
an
d t
o
pro
vid
e t
ub
erc
ulo
sis
care
an
d t
rea
tme
nt
an
d b
roa
de
r p
ed
iatr
ic h
ea
lth
se
rvic
es
to H
IV-i
nfe
cte
d a
nd
HIV
-un
infe
cte
d
po
pu
lati
on
s a
t fa
cilit
ies
in D
ar
es
Sa
laa
m,
Tan
zan
ia
PE
PFA
R (
Pre
sid
en
t
Bu
sh o
ffe
r)
OU
TP
UT
S
Tota
l clie
nts
en
rolle
d t
o C
TC s
erv
ice
s:D
uri
ng
qu
art
er:
4,8
28
(3
50
< 1
5 y
ea
rs)
At
en
d o
f q
ua
rte
r: T
ota
l en
rolle
d 5
2,1
44
(4
,69
7 <
15
yea
rs)
Tota
l clie
nts
on
AR
V m
ed
ica
tio
ns
by
en
d o
f Ju
ly
20
08
: 2
1,9
57
(2
,18
0 <
15
ye
ars
= 9
.9%
)
INP
UT
S:
MD
H i
mp
lem
en
tin
g p
art
ne
r fo
r H
IV/A
IDS
ca
re a
nd
tre
atm
en
t se
rvic
es
for
the
Da
r e
s S
ala
am
Re
gio
n.
Dev
elo
ped
sit
es: P
ub
lic h
ea
lth
ca
re f
aci
litie
s =
13
Pri
va
te a
nd
fa
ith
ba
sed
= 1
4 [
pa
rtia
l su
pp
ort
]
# N
ew
CTC
sit
es
op
en
ed
du
rin
g t
he
qu
art
er:
2
An
exa
min
ati
on
of
the
ca
nd
ida
te
ge
ne
an
d s
usc
ep
tib
ility
Lo
ci f
or
sch
izo
ph
ren
ia in
Da
r e
s S
ala
am
an
d
Kili
ma
nja
ro r
eg
ion
s in
Ta
nza
nia
(D
r.
S. K
aay
a)
Th
e p
rim
ary
ob
ject
ive
is t
o id
en
tify
SN
Ps
ass
oci
ate
d w
ith
sch
izo
ph
ren
ia
in a
po
pu
lati
on
of
Ba
ntu
pe
rso
ns
of
cha
gg
a a
nd
pa
re p
are
nta
ge
liv
ing
wit
h
Sch
izo
ph
ren
ia a
nd
in e
thn
icit
y a
nd
se
x
ma
tch
ed
co
ntr
ols
wit
ho
ut
sch
izo
ph
ren
ia
in t
he
Kili
ma
nja
ro r
eg
ion
.
AM
C (
Am
ste
rda
m
Me
dic
al C
en
ter)
Go
od
pro
gre
ss in
da
ta c
olle
ctio
n:
Kili
ma
nja
ro r
eg
ion
Ca
ses
recr
uit
ed
: 15
9; G
en
de
r a
nd
eth
nic
ity
ma
tch
ed
Co
ntr
ols
15
9
Da
r e
s S
ala
am
da
ta C
ase
s re
cru
ite
d: 1
07
; Ge
nd
er
an
d e
thn
icit
y m
atc
he
d C
on
tro
ls 1
07
Da
ta e
ntr
y a
nd
cle
an
ing
co
mp
lete
fo
r a
ll
soci
o-d
em
og
rap
hic
an
d p
sych
iatr
y m
ea
sure
s.
De
velo
pm
en
t o
f q
ua
lita
tive
pro
toco
l is
on
go
ing
.
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Pro
ject
tit
le a
nd
Na
me
of
(PI)
Ma
in o
bje
ctiv
e(s
)C
oll
ab
ora
tin
g
Inst
itu
tio
n(s
)P
rog
ress
of
Imp
lem
en
tati
on
So
cia
l an
d c
on
text
ua
l pre
dic
tors
of
ma
le h
ete
rose
xua
l ris
k b
eh
avio
r in
Afr
ica
( J
. Mb
wa
mb
o)
De
scri
be
so
cia
l ne
two
rks
of
he
tero
sexu
al
me
n a
t h
igh
ris
k fo
r H
IV a
cqu
isit
ion
an
d
tra
nsm
issi
on
in G
ha
na
an
d T
an
zan
ia;
to id
en
tify
sh
ort
te
rm c
on
text
ua
l ris
k
trig
ge
rs in
th
e t
hre
e h
ou
r w
ind
ow
pre
ced
ing
se
xua
l en
cou
nte
rs; t
o id
en
tify
resp
on
de
nts
ch
ara
cte
rist
ics
(ge
nd
er
role
be
liefs
) a
nd
lon
g t
erm
so
cia
l co
nte
xts
ass
oci
ate
d w
ith
HIV
ris
k b
eh
avio
rs a
nd
hig
h r
isk
loca
l so
cia
l ne
two
rks;
to
ass
ess
the
inte
ract
ion
eff
ect
s o
f sh
ort
te
rm r
isk
trig
ge
rs, r
esp
on
de
nt
cha
ract
eri
stic
s, h
igh
risk
loca
l so
cia
l ne
two
rks
an
d lo
ng
te
rm
soci
al
con
text
s
NIH
th
rou
gh
Fa
mily
He
alt
h In
tern
ati
on
al
Pro
gre
ssin
g w
ell
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6.2 Public services
Public service is one of the University core functions. The University staff in the clinical departments
at MUHAS participates fully in the provision of services at MNH as provided for in the Memorandum
of Understanding between MNH and MUHAS. During the reporting period the School of Medicine
specifically reported participation in surgical pathology and autopsy services at MNH. In addition to
that the School of Medicine in collaboration with Tanzania Surgical Association participated in the
provision of surgical services in Singida and Tabora. The Directorate of Reserach and Publications
represented the University in different public services for instance National coordinating mechanisms
for global fund meetings, TACAIDS research advisory committee meetings and Great Lakes Initiatives
on AIDS (GLIA).
The School of Pharmacy reports provision of public service to the Ministry of Health and Social
Welfare carrying out registration of traditional medicines for health care with the main objective of
incorporating traditional medicines in health care. The staff from the school committed a few hours
to this activity participating in a workshop.
6.3 Publications
The number of publications is a major indicator of the institutions’ contribution to the creation and
advancement of knowledge. In fulfilling this function MUHAS academic community has continued
to carry out research and to publish. The histogram below shows the trend of publications at MUHAS
from 2001 to 2006. There is a remarkable decrease in publications from 239 in 2006/07 to 201 in
2007/08. The reasons for this decrease are not quite clear but it is quite possible that the retrieval
system may be limited in accessing all published materials. Of significance is the absence of papers
presented at Conferences and Conference proceedings.
Figure 12: Trends of Publications at MUHAS 2001 - 2007
Publications trend 2001 to 2007
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The following is the list of some of the publications produced in peer reviewed journals during
the reporting period.
Journal Articles, Conference Proceedings, Thesis and Dissertations
S/No Author, Title, Journal, Publisher, Year and Page
1 Aboud S, Bakari M, Nyamtema A, Mugusi F, Josiah R, Aris EA. Immunological Response to
Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-1 Infected Patients at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es
Salaam, Tanzania. Tanzania Medical Journal Vol. 22 (1) 2007: pp. 1-4
2 Alam N, Rahman M, Gausia K, Yunus MD, Islam N, Chaudhury P, Monira S, Funkhouser E,
Vermund SH, Killewo J. Sexually transmitted infections and risk factors among truck stand
workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Sex Transm Dis. 2007 Feb;34(2):99-103.
3 Antelman G, Kaaya S, Wei R, Mbwambo J, Msamanga GI, Fawzi WW, Fawzi MC. Depressive
symptoms increase risk of HIV disease progression and mortality among women in Tanzania.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007 Apr 1;44(4):470-7.
4 Astrøm AN, Kida IA. Perceived dental treatment need among older Tanzanian adults - a cross-
sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2007 Jul 11;7:9.
5 Bakari M, Urassa W, Mhalu F, Biberfeld G, Pallangyo K, Sandström E. Slow progression of
HIV-1 infection in a cohort of antiretroviral naïve hotel workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania as
defined by their CD4 cell slopes. Scand J Infect Dis. 2007 Oct 18;:1-7.
6 Bei AK, Membi CD, Rayner JC, Mubi M, Ngasala B, Sultan AA, Premji Z, Duraisingh MT.
Variant merozoite protein expression is associated with erythrocyte invasion phenotypes in
Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Tanzania. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2007 May;153(1):66-
71. Epub 2007 Jan 16.
7 Beston B, Fabiam FM. Birth prevalence of cleft lip and palate based on hospital records in Dar
es Salaam, Tanzania. Tanzania Dental Journal Vol. 14 (1) 2007: pp. 30-33
8 Blomberg B, Manji KP, Urassa WK, Tamim BS, Mwakagile DS, Jureen R, Msangi V, Tellevik MG,
Holberg-Petersen M, Harthug S, Maselle SY, Langeland N. Antimicrobial resistance predicts
death in Tanzanian children with bloodstream infections: a prospective cohort study. BMC
Infect Dis. 2007 May 22;7:43.
9 Carneiro LC, Botha SJ, Kemp PL. In vitro efficacy of an anti-microbial solution in prevention of
micro-flora colonization of denture-base materials. Tanzania Dental Journal Vol. 14 (1) 2007:
pp. 15-25
10 Carneiro LC, Botha SJ. In vitro cytotoxicity of “mswaki” fibre on human gingival fibroblasts.
Tanzania Dental Journal Vol. 14 (2) 2007: pp. 59-64
11 Carneiro LC, Mituro TH. Knowledge, Practice and Attitude of Medical Students on HIV/AIDS
Oral Manifestations. Tanzania Medical Journal Vol. 22 (1) 2007: pp. 36-39.
12 Chambuso M, Mugoyela V, Kalala W. Consumer survey of malaria fact card: an educational
and communication tool in Tanzania. East Afr J Public Health. 2007 Oct; 4(2): 59-63
13 Chande H, Salum I. Prevalence of and factors associated with alcohol consumption in Temeke
in August/September, 2002. East Afr J Public Health. 2007 Oct;4(2):64-6.
14 Chatterjee A, Bosch RJ, Hunter DJ, Fataki MR, Msamanga GI, Fawzi WW. Maternal disease
stage and child undernutrition in relation to mortality among children born to HIV-infected
women in Tanzania. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007 Dec 15;46(5):599-606
15 Chokshi DA, Thera MA, Parker M, Diakite M, Makani J, Kwiatkowski DP, Doumbo OK. Valid
consent for genomic epidemiology in developing countries. PLoS Med. 2007 Apr;4(4):e95.
Review.
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S/No Author, Title, Journal, Publisher, Year and Page
16 Crnolatac I, Huygens A, Agostinis P, Kamuhabwa AR, Maes J, van Aerschot A, De Witte PA.
In vitro accumulation and permeation of hypericin and lipophilic analogues in 2-D and 3-D
cellular systems. Int J Oncol. 2007 Feb;30(2):319-24.
17 Dlamini PS, Kohi TW, Uys LR, Phetlhu RD, Chirwa ML, Naidoo JR, Holzemer WL, Greeff M,
Makoae LN. Verbal and Physical Abuse and Neglect as Manifestations of HIV/AIDS Stigma in
Five African Countries. Public Health Nurs. 2007 Sep-Oct;24(5):389-99
18 Drain PK, Kupka R, Msamanga GI, Urassa W, Mugusi F, Fawzi WW. C-reactive protein
independently predicts HIV-related outcomes among women and children in a resource-
poor setting. AIDS. 2007 Oct 1;21(15):2067-75.
19 Drain PK, Kupka R, Mugusi F, Fawzi WW. Micronutrients in HIV-positive persons receiving
highly active antiretroviral therapy. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Feb;85(2):333-45.
20 Drain PK, Primack A, Hunt DD, Fawzi WW, Holmes KK, Gardner P.
Global health in medical education: a call for more training and opportunities. Acad Med.
2007 Mar;82(3):226-30.
21 Edson F, Kayombo EJ. Knowledge on malaria transmission and its prevention among
schoolchildren in Kyela District, south-western Tanzania. Tanzan Health Res Bull. 2007
Sep;9(3):207-10
22 Egwaga SM, Chonde TM, Matee MI, Mfinanga SG, Ngowi PE, Lwilla F, Cobelens FG. Low
specificity of HIV-testing on sputum specimens kept at ambient temperatures for 4 to 7 days:
a blinded comparison. BMC Clin Pathol. 2007 Sep 19;7:8
23 Eriksen J, Tomson G, Mujinja P, Warsame MY, Jahn A, Gustafsson LL. Assessing health
worker performance in malaria case management of underfives at health facilities in a rural
Tanzanian district. Trop Med Int Health. 2007 Jan;12(1):52-61.
24 Fabian FM, Mumghamba EG. Tooth and lip mutilation practices and assoicated tooth loss
and oral mucosal lesions in the Makonde people of southeast Tanzania. East African Medical
Journal Vol. 84 (4) 2007: pp. 183-187
25 Fabian FM. Position, shape and direction of opening of the mental foramen in dry mandibles
of Tanzanian adult black males. Ital J Anat Embryol. 2007 Jul-Sep;112(3):169-77.
26
Fawzi WW, Msamanga GI, Kupka R, Spiegelman D, Villamor E, Mugusi F, Wei R, Hunter D.
Multivitamin supplementation improves hematologic status in HIV-infected women and
their children in Tanzania. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 May;85(5):1335-43.
27 Fawzi WW, Msamanga GI, Urassa W, Hertzmark E, Petraro P, Willett WC, Spiegelman D.
Vitamins and perinatal outcomes among HIV-negative women in Tanzania. N Engl J Med.
2007 Apr 5;356(14):1423-31
28 Gesase AP. Report on Bifid Rib Observed in the Third and Fourth Ribs. Tanzania Medical
Journal Vol. 22 (1) 2007: pp. 34-35
29 Gesase AP, Kiyama H. Peripheral nerve injury induced expression of mRNA for serine protease
inhibitor 3 in the rat facial and hypoglossal nuclei but not in the spinal cord. Ital J Anat
Embryol. 2007 Jul-Sep; 112(3):157-68.
30 Gesase AP. Rare origin of supernumerary renal vessels supplying the lower pole of the left
kidney. Ann Anat. 2007;189(1):53-8.
31
Gesase AP. Apocrine secretory processes in the goblet cells of rat colon following stimulation
with carbamylcholine. Ital J Anat Embryol. 2007 Apr-Jun;112(2):117-29.
32 Goldenberg RL, Andrews WW, Hoffman I, Fawzi W, Valentine M, Young A, Read JS, Brown
ER, Mudenda V, Kafulafula G, Mwinga K, Taha TE. Fetal fibronectin and adverse infant
outcomes in a predominantly human immunodeficiency virus-infected African population: a
randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Feb;109(2 Pt 1):392-401.
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S/No Author, Title, Journal, Publisher, Year and Page
33 Hardon AP, Akurut D, Comoro C, Ekezie C, Irunde HF, Gerrits T, Kglatwane J, Kinsman J, Kwasa
R, Maridadi J, Moroka TM, Moyo S, Nakiyemba A, Nsimba S, Ogenyi R, Oyabba T, Temu F, Laing
R. Hunger, waiting time and transport costs: time to confront challenges to ART adherence in
Africa. AIDS Care. 2007 May;19(5):658-65.
34 Hjerppe J., Huppunen M., Wanga C, Sudi .S., Mabelya L., Rantavuori K., Lahti S. Caries
Occurrence among 12-year-old Urban Children in Kinondoni District, Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania. Tanz Dent J 2007;14:40-6
35 Holzemer WL, Uys L, Makoae L, Stewart A, Phetlhu R, Dlamini PS, Greeff M, Kohi TW, Chirwa
M, Cuca Y, Naidoo J. A conceptual model of HIV/AIDS stigma from five African countries J Adv
Nurs. 2007 Jun;58(6):541-51. Epub 2007 May 1.
36 Holzemer WL, Uys LR, Chirwa ML, Greeff M, Makoae LN, Kohi TW, Dlamini PS, Stewart AL,
Mullan J, Phetlhu RD, Wantland D, Durrheim K. Validation of the HIV/AIDS Stigma Instrument
- PLWA (HASI-P). AIDS Care. 2007 Sep;19(8):1002-12
37 Joseph CC, Magadula JJ, Nkunya MH. A novel antiplasmodial 3’,5’-diformylchalcone and
other constituents of Friesodielsia obovata. Nat Prod Res. 2007 Sep;21(11):1009-15.
38 Joseph CC, Moshi M.J. Innocent E, Nkunya MHH. A new stilbene glycoside and antimicrobial
activity of the ethanol extract of Terminalia sericea root bark.. Afr.J.Trad. CAM. 2007; 4:383-
386
39 Josephson F, Allqvist A, Janabi M, Sayi J, Aklillu E, Jande M, Mahindi M, Burhenne J, Bottiger Y,
Gustafsson LL, Haefeli WE, Bertilsson L. CYP3A5 genotype has an impact on the metabolism
of the HIV protease inhibitor saquinavir. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007 May;81(5):708-12. Epub
2007 Feb 28.
40 Kaale EA, Haule AF, Mung’ong’o S, Kishiwa M.Evaluation of quality of hydrogen peroxide-
based antiseptic solutions available in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2007
Dec;32(6):613-6
41 Kaale EA, Malele RS, Maganda B. Awareness of secondary school students on various gender
prespective programmes conducted by the university of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Zimbabwe
Journal of Education Research. 2007 Nov; 19(3): 229 – 239.
42 Kahabuka FK, Fabian F, Petersen PE, Nguvumali H. Awareness of HIV/AIDS and oral
manifestations among people living with HIV/AIDS in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. African
Journal of AIDS Research, 2007;6:91-95
43 Kalokola FM, Mwakagile D, Mwamtemi H, Msangi V, Kabengula E, Kimambo R, Haule E
An Audit Report on Bacterial Meningintis among Children Admitted at Muhimbili National
Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Tanzania Medical Journal Vol. 22 (1) 2007: pp. 5-8
44 Kantarci S, Koulinska IN, Aboud S, Fawzi WW, Villamor E. Subclinical mastitis, cell-associated
HIV-1 shedding in breast milk, and breast-feeding transmission of HIV-1. J Acquir Immune
Defic Syndr. 2007 Dec 15;46(5):651-4
45 Kayombo EJ, Uiso FC, Mbwambo ZH, Mahunnah RL, Moshi MJ, Mgonda YH. Experience
of initiating collaboration of traditional healers in managing HIV and AIDS in Tanzania. J
Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2007 Jan 26; 3:6.
46 Kayumba AV, Bråtveit M, Mashalla Y, Moen BE. Acute respiratory symptoms among sisal
workers in Tanzania. Occup Med (Lond). 2007 Jun;57(4):290-3. Epub 2007 Feb 22.
47 Kazaura MR, Kombe D, Yuma S, Mtiro H, Mlawa G. Health seeking behavior among cancer
patients attending Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Tanzania. East African Journal of Public
Health. 2007 Apr; 4(1): 19-22.
48 Kida IA, Astrøm AN, Strand GV, Masalu JR. Chewing problems and dissatisfaction with
chewing ability: a survey of older Tanzanians. Eur J Oral Sci. 2007 Aug;115(4):265-74.
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S/No Author, Title, Journal, Publisher, Year and Page
49 Kitua AY. Health research agenda for East Africa in the new millennium: looking ahead.
Tanzan Health Res Bull. 2007 Sep;9(3):147-53.
50 Kiwara AD. Group premiums in micro health insurance experiences from Tanzania. East
African Journal of Public Health. 2007 Apr;4(1):28-32.
51 Kugler KC, Komro KA, Stigler MH, Mnyika KS, Masatu M, Aastrom AN, Klepp KI. The reliability
and validity of self-report measures used to evaluate adolescent HIV/AIDS prevention
programs in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS Educ Prev. 2007 Oct;19(5):365-82
52 Kulkarni MA, Malima R, Mosha FW, Msangi S, Mrema E, Kabula B, Lawrence B, Kinung’hi S,
Swilla J, Kisinza W, Rau ME, Miller JE, Schellenberg JA, Maxwell C, Rowland M, Magesa S,
Drakeley C. Efficacy of pyrethroid-treated nets against malaria vectors and nuisance-biting
mosquitoes in Tanzania in areas with long-term insecticide-treated net use. Trop Med Int
Health. 2007 Sep;12(9):1061-73.
53 Kupka R, Msamanga GI, Mugusi F, Petraro P, Hunter DJ, Fawzi WW. Iron status is an important
cause of anemia in HIV-infected Tanzanian women but is not related to accelerated HIV
disease progression. J Nutr. 2007 Oct;137(10):2317-23
54 Kupka R, Msamanga GI, Xu C, Anderson D, Hunter D, Fawzi WW. Relationship between
plasma selenium concentrations and lower genital tract levels of HIV-1 RNA and interleukin
type 1beta. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Apr;61(4):542-7. Epub 2006 Dec 6.
55 Larsen U, Mlay J, Aboud S, Ballard R, Sam NE, Shao JF, Kapiga SH. Design of a community-
based study of sexually transmitted infections/HIV and infertility in an urban area of northern
Tanzania. Sex Transm Dis. 2007 Jan;34(1):20-4
56 Lavender T, Lugina H, Smith H. The partograph: a life-saving tool for African midwives. Trop
Doct. 2007 Jul;37(3):191-2.
57 Leshabari SC, Blystad A, de Paoli M, Moland KM. HIV and infant feeding counselling:
challenges faced by nurse-counsellors in northern Tanzania. Hum Resour Health. 2007 Jul
24;5:18.
58 Leshabari SC, Blystad A, Moland KM. Difficult choices: Infant feeding experiences of HIV-
positive mothers in northern Tanzania. SAHARA J. 2007 May;4(1):544-55
59 Leyna GH, Mmbaga EJ, Mnyika KS, Klepp KI. Validation of the Radimer/Cornell food insecurity
measure in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Public Health Nutr. 2007 Nov 16;:1-6
60 Leyna GH, Mnyika KS, Mmbaga EJ, Hussain A, Klouman E, Holm-Hansen C, Klepp KI.
Food insufficiency in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. East Afr Med J. 2007 Apr;84(4):163-71
61 Long KZ, Rosado JL, Fawzi W. The comparative impact of iron, the B-complex vitamins,
vitamins C and E, and selenium on diarrheal pathogen outcomes relative to the impact
produced by vitamin A and zinc. Nutr Rev. 2007 May;65(5):218-32.
62 Longombe A, Burch V, Luboga S, Mkony C, Olapade-Olaopa E, Otieno-Nyunya B, Afolabi B,
Nwobodo E, Kiguli S, Burdick WP, Boulet JR, Morahan PS. Research on medical migration from
sub-saharan medical schools: usefulness of a feasibility process to define barriers to data
collection and develop a practical study. Educ Health (Abingdon). 2007 May;20(1):27. Epub
2007 Apr 18.
63 Lutale JJ, Thordarson H, Abbas ZG, Vetvik. Microalbuminuria among Type 1 and Type 2
diabetic patients of African origin in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Lutale JJ, Thordarson H, Abbas
ZG, Vetvik K. BMC Nephrol. 2007 Jan 15;8:2.
64 Majaliwa ES, Munubhi E, Ramaiya K, Mpembeni R, Sanyiwa A, Mohn A, Chiarelli F.
Survey on Acute and Chronic Complications in Children and Adolescents with Type 1
Diabetes at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Diabetes Care. 2007 Jun
11
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65 Makani J, Williams TN, Marsh K. Sickle cell disease in Africa: burden and research priorities.
Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2007 Jan;101(1):3-14.
66 Makubi A, Lwakatare J, Killewo J, Magesa P. Thromboembolic and Bleeding Complications
among Patients with Mechanical Heart Valves Attending the MuhimbilI National Hospital,
Tanzania. Tanzania Medical Journal Vol. 22 (1) 2007: pp. 12-16
67 Makundi EA, Mboera LE, Malebo HM, Kitua AY. Priority setting on malaria interventions in
Tanzania: strategies and challenges to mitigate against the intolerable burden. Am J Trop Med
Hyg. 2007 Dec;77(6 Suppl):106-11.
68 Malele RS, Mwangi JW, Thoithi GN, Kibwage IO, Lopez ML, Zunino MP, Zygadlo JA, Oliva MM,
Demo MS. Essential Oil of Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt from Tanzania: Composition and
Antimicrobial Activity. Journal of essential oil bearing plants. 2007; 10(1): 83-87.
69 Mamuya SH, Bråtveit M, Mashalla Y, Moen BE. High prevalence of respiratory symptoms
among workers in the development section of a manually operated coal mine in a
developing country: a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2007 Feb 1;7:17.
70 Mamuya SH, Bråtveit M, Mashalla YJ, Moen BE. Airflow limitation among workers in a labour-
intensive coal mine in Tanzania.Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2007 Jul;80(7):567-75. Epub
2007 Jan 23.
71 Manyanga V, Grishina O, Yun Z, Hoogmartens J, Adams E. Comparison of liquid
chromatographic methods with direct detection for the analysis of gentamicin. J Pharm
Biomed Anal. 2007 Jun 19
72 Manyanga V, Kreft K, Divjak B, Hoogmartens J, Adams E. Improved liquid chromatographic
method with pulsed electrochemical detection for the analysis of gentamicin. J Chromatogr
A. 2007 Dec 23
73 Mapunjo, S; Urassa, D. P. Quality Standards in Provision of Facility Based HIV Care and
Treatment: A Case Study from Dar Es Salaam Region, Tanzania. East African Journal of Public
Health. 2007 Apr; 4(1): 12- 18.
74 Maregesi SM, Ngassapa OD, Pieters L, Vlietinck AJ. Ethnopharmacological survey of the
Bunda district, Tanzania: Plants used to treat infectious diseases. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Jul
10
75 Maro D, Kahabuka FK. Prevalence of early childhood caries among 2-6 years old
underprivileged and privileged children in Dar es Salaam. Tanz Dent J 2007;14:53-8
76 Maro EE, Ramaiya K. Mitral Valve Prolapse in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania: Clinical and
Echocardiographic Profile. Tanzania Medical Journal Vol. 22 (1) 2007: pp. 27-30
77 Martensson A, Ngasala B, Ursing J, Isabel Veiga M, Wiklund L, Membi C, Montgomery SM,
Premji Z, Farnert A, Bjorkman A. Influence of consecutive-day blood sampling on polymerase
chain reaction-adjusted parasitological cure rates in an antimalarial-drug trial conducted in
Tanzania. J Infect Dis. 2007 Feb 15;195(4):597-601
78 Masatu MC, Kazaura MR, Ndeki S, Mwampambe R. Predictors of Risky Sexual Behavior among
Adolescents in Tanzania. AIDS Behav. 2007 Aug 10
79 Massele AY, Nsimba SE, Fulgence J. A Survey of Prescribing Practices of Health Care Workers
in Kibaha District in Tanzania. Tanzania Medical Journal Vol. 22 (1) 2007: pp. 31-33.
80 Matee M, Lahey T, Vuola JM, Mtei L, Cole BF, Bakari M, Arbeit RD, Horsburgh CR, Pallangyo K,
von Reyn CF. Baseline mycobacterial immune responses in HIV-infected adults primed with
bacille Calmette-Guérin during childhood and entering a tuberculosis booster vaccine trial. J
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81 Mboera LE, Makundi EA, Kitua AY. Uncertainty in malaria control in Tanzania: crossroads and
challenges for future interventions. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007 Dec;77(6 Suppl):112-8
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82 Mbwambo ZH, Mahunnah RL, Kayombo EJ. Traditional health practitioner and the scientist:
bridging the gap in contemporary health research in Tanzania. Tanzan Health Res Bull. 2007
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83 Mbwambo ZH, Moshi MJ, Masimba PJ, Kapingu MC, Nondo RS. Antimicrobial activity and
brine shrimp toxicity of extracts of Terminalia brownii roots and stem. BMC Complement
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84 Mbwana J, Viscidi R, Lyamuya E, Mhalu F, Chalamilla G, Liljeqvist JA, Lagergård T.
Prevalence of serum antibodies to human papilloma virus in patients with genital ulcer
disease in an urban population of Tanzania. Sex Transm Infect. 2007 Feb;83(1):64-5.
85 McCurdy S, Kilonzo GP, Williams M, Kaaya S. Harm reduction in Tanzania: an urgent need for
multisectoral intervention. Int J Drug Policy. 2007 May;18(3):155-9. Epub 2007 Jun 6.
86 Mcharazo AA. Provision Of Information Services For Distance Learners In Developing
Countries: A Case Of The Open University Of Tanzania. University of Dar Es Salaam Library
Journal Vol. 9 (1) 2007: pp. 16-30
87 Mfinanga GS, Ngadaya E, Mtandu R, Mutayoba B, Basra D, Kimaro G, Chonde TM, Ngowi
P, Mfaume S, Kilale AM, Egwaga S, Kitua AY.The quality of sputum smear microscopy
diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Tanzan Health Res Bull. 2007
Sep;9(3):164-8
88 Mfinanga SGM, Sviland L, Chande H, Mustafa T, Mørkve O. How does clinical diagnosis of
mycobacterial adenitis correlate with histological findings? East African Journal of Public
Health, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2007, pp. 47-50.
89 Mgonda YP. Psoriatic – Arthritis among Psoriasis Patients Attending Skin Clinics n Dar es
Salaam, Tanzania. Tanzania Medical Journal Vol. 22 (1) 2007: pp. 40-42
90 Milembe FP. The pattern of mucocutaneous disorders in HIV infected children attending care
and treatment centres in Dar es salaam. Master of Medicine (Paediatrics and Child Health)
2007.
91 Minzi OM, Gupta A, Haule AF, Kagashe GA, Massele AY, Gustafsson LL Lack of impact of
artesunate on the disposition kinetics of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine when the two drugs
are concomitantly administered. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 May;63(5):457-62. Epub 2007
Feb 27.
92 Mkony C, Mbenbati N. Teachers’ and Students’ Perceptions of the Learning Environment
in Clinical Departments at the School of Medicine, MuhimbilI University College of Health
Sciences. Tanzania Medical Journal Vol. 22 (1) 2007: pp. 9-11
93 Mkony CA, Mbembati NA, Hamudu NA, Pallangyo K. Introduction of regular formative
assessment to enhance learning for clinical students at Muhimbili University College,
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94 Mmbaga EJ, Hussain A, Leyna GH, Holm-Hansen C, Mnyika KS, Sam NE, Klouman E, Klepp
KI. Trends in HIV-1 prevalence and risk behaviours over 15 years in a rural population in
Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania. AIDS Res Ther. 2007 Oct 16;4:23
95 Mmbaga EJ, Hussain A, Leyna GH, Mnyika KS, Sam NE, Klepp KI. Prevalence and risk factors
for HIV-1 infection in rural Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania: implications for prevention and
treatment. BMC Public Health. 2007 Apr 19;7(147):58
96 Mmbaga EJ, Leyna GH, Mnyika KS, Hussain A, Klepp KI. Education attainment and the risk of
HIV-1 infections in rural Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania, 1991-2005: a reversed association.
Sex Transm Dis. 2007 Dec;34(12):947-53
97 Mmbaga EJ. A Dilemma in HIV post-test counseling in population surveys: the effect of poor
antiretroviral roll-out. Journal of Infection inDeveloping countries. 2007, 1 (2): 84-86
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98 Moshi MJ, Mbwambo ZH, Nondo, RSO, Masimba PJ, Kapingu MC, Edward S. Magelewanya, ES.
Anticonvulsant activity of Diospyros fischeri root extracts. Afr.J.Trad. CAM 2007;4:226-230
99 Moshi MJ. Anticonvulsant activity of extracts of Diospyros fischeri stem bark. The African
Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines Vol. 4 (1) 2007: pp. 94-98
100 Moshi, M. J.; Van den Beukel, C. J. P.; Hamza, O. J. M.; Mbwambo, Z. H.; Nondo, R. O. S.;
Masimba, P.J.; Matee, M. I. N.; Kapingu, M. C.; Mikx, F.; Verweij, P. E.; Van der Ven, André. J. A. M.
Brine Shrimp Toxicity Evaluation of Some Tanzania Plants used Traditionally for the Treatment
of Fungal Infections. African Journal of Traditional, CAM 2007; 4(2) 219-225.
101 Moyo SJ, Gro N, Kirsti V, Matee MI, Kitundu J, Maselle SY, Langeland N, Myrmel H.
Prevalence of enteropathogenic viruses and molecular characterization of group A rotavirus
among children with diarrhea in Dar es Salaam Tanzania. BMC Public Health. 2007 Dec
27;7:359.
102 Moyo SJ, Maselle SY, Matee MI, Langeland N, Mylvaganam H.
Identification of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from infants and children in Dar es
Salaam, Tanzania BMC Infect Dis. 2007 Aug 9;7(1):92
103 Mpembeni RN, Killewo JZ, Leshabari MT, Massawe SN, Jahn A, Mushi D, Mwakipa H.
Use pattern of maternal health services and determinants of skilled care during delivery
in Southern Tanzania: implications for achievement of MDG-5 targets. BMC Pregnancy
Childbirth. 2007 Dec 6;7:29
104 Mponji JP. The diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration cytology for prostate lesions at
Muhimbili National Hospital. Master of Medicine (General Surgery) 2007. The Muhimbili
University of Health and Allied Sciences. Dar es Salaam
105 Mselle TF, Meadows SK, Eriksson M, Smith JM, Shen L, Wira CR, Sentman CL Unique
characteristics of NK cells throughout the human female reproductive tract.. Clin Immunol.
2007 Jul;124(1):69-76. Epub 2007 May 23.
106 Mtaya M, Åstrøm A, Tsakos G, Applicability of an abbreviated version of the Child-OIDP
inventory among primary schoolchildren in Tanzania. Health Qual Life Outcomes, Vol 5: 40
July 2007.
107 Mumghamba EG, Manji KP. Maternal oral health status and preterm low birth weight at
Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania: a case-control study. BMC Oral Health. 2007 Jun
26;7:8.
108 Mung’ong’o G, Mugoyela V. Quality of Chlorine-Based Antiseptics and Disinfectants
Circulating in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Tanzania Medical Journal Vol. 22 (1) 2007: pp. 17-19
109 Mushi DL, Mpembeni RM, Jahn A. Knowledge about safe motherhood and HIV/AIDS among
school pupils in a rural area in Tanzania. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2007 Apr 24;7:5.
110 Mwaiswelo RO, Masalu JR. Oral health knowledge and behavior among pregnant women in
Kyela District, Mbeya Tanzania. Tanzania Dental Journal, 14(2) 2007: 47-52
111 Mwakatobe AJ, Mumghamba EG. Oral health behavior and prevalence of dental caries
among 12-year-old school-children in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Tanzania Dental Journal,
14(1) 2007: 1-7.
112 Mwakigonja AR, Pak F, Pyakurel P, Mosha IJ, Urassa WK, Kaaya EE, Biberfeld P. Oral Kaposi’s
sarcoma in Tanzania: presentation, immunopathology and human herpesvirus-8 association.
Oncol Rep. 2007 Jun;17(6):1291-9.
113 Mwambete, K. D.; Mogasa, C. Knowledge, attitude and acceptability of spermicidal
contraception among university students in Dar Es Salaam. East African Journal of Public
Health. 2007 Apr; 4(1): 23-27
114 Mwimanzi P, Kahabuka FK. Dental fear and associated factors among adults in Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania. Tanz Dent J 2007;14:34-9
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115 Naidoo JR, Uys LR, Greeff M, Holzemer WL, Makoae L, Dlamini P, Phetlhu RD, Chirwa M, Kohi
T. Urban and rural differences in HIV/AIDS stigma in five African countries. African Journal of
AIDS Research 2007, 6(1): 17–23
116 Nilsen A, Kasubi MJ, Mohn SC, Mwakagile D, Langeland N, Haarr L. Herpes simplex virus
infection and genital ulcer disease among patients with sexually transmitted infections in
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Acta Derm Venereol. 2007;87(4):355-9.
117 Nshimo CM. Quality Control of Tanzanian Curcuma longa L. Rhizome: an anti-inflammatory
drug. Tanzania Medical Journal. 2007 June; 22(1): 20-26.
118 Nsimba SE. Assessing the performance, practices and roles of drug sellers/dispensers and
mothers’/guardians’ behaviour for common childhood conditions in Kibaha district, Tanzania.
Trop Doct. 2007 Oct;37(4):197-201.
119 Nsimba SED. Assessing the Impact of Educational Intervention for Improving Management of
Malaria and Other Childhood Illness in Kabaha District Tanzania. East African Journal of Public
Health. 2007 Apr; 4(1): 5- 11.
120 Nyamtema AS, Urassa DP, Massawe S, Massawe A, Lindmark G, van Roosmalen J.
Partogram use in the Dar es Salaam perinatal care study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2008
Jan;100(1):37-40. Epub 2007 Sep 27
121 Nyella E. Challenges and Opportunities of Integrating Health Information Systems: Case
Study from Zanzibar. Master of Science (Computer Science) Dissertation 2007. University of
Oslo. Oslo.
122 Pak F, Mwakigonja AR, Kokhaei P, Hosseinzadeh N, Pyakurel P, Kaaya E, Bogdanovic G,
Selivanova G, Biberfeld P. Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus load in biopsies of cutaneous and
oral Kaposi’s sarcoma lesions. Eur J Cancer. 2007 Aug;43(12):1877-82. Epub 2007 Jul 12.
123 Prytherch H, Massawe S, Kuelker R, Hunger C, Mtatifikolo F, Jahn A. The unmet need for
Emergency Obstetric Care in Tanga Region, Tanzania. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2007 Aug
6;7(1):16
124 Pyakurel P, Pak F, Mwakigonja AR, Kaaya E, Biberfeld P. KSHV/HHV-8 and HIV infection in
Kaposi’s sarcoma development. Infect Agent Cancer. 2007 Feb 2;2:4.
125 Riedner G, Todd J, Rusizoka M, Mmbando D, Maboko L, Lyamuya E, Hoffmann O, MacLean
I, Grosskurth H, Hayes R Possible reasons for an increase in the proportion of genital ulcers
due to herpes simplex virus from a cohort of female bar workers in Tanzania. Sex Transm
Infect. 2007 Apr;83(2):91-6. Epub 2006 Sep 13.
126 Ross MW, Timpson SC, Williams ML, Amos C, McCurdy S, Bowen AM, Kilonzo GP
Responsibility as a dimension of HIV prevention normative beliefs: measurement in three
drug-using samples. AIDS Care. 2007 Mar;19(3):403-9.
127 Sakwari V, Mkony C, Mwafongo V. Rapid Resuscitation with Small Volume Hypertonic Saline
Solution for Patients in Traumatic Haemorrhagic Shock. East and Central African Journal of
Surgery, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2007, pp. 131-138
128 Samwel S, Mdachi SJM, Nkunya MHH, Irungu BN, Moshi MJ, Moulton B, Brian S. Cleistenolide
and Cleistodienol: Novel Bioactive and Other Constituents of Cleistochlamys kirkii. NPC.
2007; 2:737-741.
129 Scheutz F, Matee MI, Poulsen S, Frydenberg M. Caries risk factors in the permanent dentition
of Tanzanian children: a cohort study (1997-2003). Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2007
Dec;35(6):500-6
130 Sentman CL, MselleTF, Basu S. Human mucosal NK cells in: L. Brossay (Ed.), Everything you
always wanted to know about NK cells but were afraid to ask. Transworld Research Network,
Kerala, India, 2007, pp. 99–115. ISBN 81-7895-251-3.
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131 Smith Fawzi MC, Kaaya SF, Mbwambo J, Msamanga GI, Antelman G, Wei R, Hunter DJ, Fawzi
WW. Multivitamin supplementation in HIV-positive pregnant women: impact on depression
and quality of life in a resource-poor setting. HIV Med. 2007 May;8(4):203-12.
132 Tarimo DS. Appraisal on the prevalence of malaria and anaemia in pregnancy and factors
influencing uptake of intermittent preventive therapy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in
Kibaha district, Tanzania. East African Journal of Public Heath, Vol. 4, No. 2, October 2007, pp.
80-83.
133 Tarimo, D. S.; Malekela, D. A. Health workers perceptions on chloroquine and sulfadoxine/
sulfalene-pyrimethamine monotherapies: implications for the change to combination
therapy of artemether/ lumefantrine in Tanzania. East African Journal of Public Health. 2007
Apr; 4(1): 43-46.
134 Telatela SP, Matee MI, Munubhi EK. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viral co-infections
among children infected with human immunodeficiency virus attending the paediatric HIV
care and treatment center at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. BMC
Public Health. 2007 Nov 22;7(147):338
135 Tellevik MG, Sollid JE, Blomberg B, Jureen R, Urassa WK, Langeland N. Extended-spectrum
beta-lactamase-type SHV-12-producing Enterobacteriaceae causing septicemia in Tanzanian
children: vectors for horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis.
2007 Nov; 59(3):351-4. Epub 2007 Sep 18
136 Temu EA, Minjas JN, Tuno N, Kawada H, Takagi M. Identification of four members of the
Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) group and their role in Plasmodium falciparum
transmission in Bagamoyo coastal Tanzania. Acta Trop. 2007 May;102(2):119-25.
137 Tishkoff SA, Gonder MK, Henn BM, Mortensen H, Fernandopulle N, Gignoux C, Lema G,
Nyambo TB, Underhill PA, Ramakrishnan U, Reed FA, Mountain JL. History of Click-Speaking
Populations of Africa Inferred from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Genetic Variation. Mol Biol
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138 Tishkoff SA, Reed FA, Ranciaro A, Voight BF, Babbitt CC, Silverman JS, Powell K, Mortensen
HM, Hirbo JB, Osman M, Ibrahim M, Omar SA, Lema G, Nyambo TB, Ghori J, Bumpstead S,
Pritchard JK, Wray GA, Deloukas P. Convergent adaptation of human lactase persistence
in Africa and Europe. Nat Genet. 2007 Jan;39(1):31-40. Epub 2006 Dec 10.Comment in: Nat
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139 Uddenfeldt Wort U, Hastings I, Bergström S, Massawe S, Lipingu C, Brabin BJ. Increased
postpartum blood loss in pregnancies associated with placental malaria. Int J Gynaecol
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140 Ussiri EV, Nyawawa ETM, Mpoki U, Lugazia ER, Mannam GC, Sajja LR, Sompali S. Modified
Blalock-Taussig Shunt in Palliative Cardiac Surgery. East and Central African Journal of Surgery,
Vol. 12, No. 2, 2007, pp. 23-27
141 Vagionas K Graikou K, Ngassapa O, Runyoro D, Chinou I. Composition and antimicrobial
activity of the essential oils of three Satureja species growing in Tanzania. Food Chemistry
2007; 103: 319-324.
142 Vagionas K, Graikou K, Chinou I, Runyoro D, Ngassapa D. Chemical analysis and antimicrobial
activity of essential oils from the aromatic plants Artemisia afra Jacq. and Leonotis ocymifolia
(Burm. F.) Iwarsson var raineriana (Vision 1) Iwarsson growing in Tanzania. Journal of Essential
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143 Vagionas K, Ngassapa O, Runyoro DKB, Graikou K, Gortzi O, Chinou IB. Chemical analysis of
edible aromatic plants growing in Tanzania. Food Chemistry 2007; 105: 1711 – 1717
144 Viberg N, Tomson G, Mujinja P, Lundborg CS. The role of the pharmacist-voices from nine
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145 Villamor E, Koulinska IN, Furtado J, Baylin A, Aboud S, Manji K, Campos H, Fawzi WW.
Long-chain n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast milk decrease the risk of HIV
transmission through breastfeeding. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Sep;86(3):682-9.
146 Villamor E, Msamanga G, Saathoff E, Fataki M, Manji K, Fawzi WW. Effects of maternal vitamin
supplements on malaria in children born to HIV-infected women. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007
Jun;76(6):1066-71
147 Webb AL, Aboud S, Furtado J, Murrin C, Campos H, Fawzi WW, Villamor E. Effect of vitamin
supplementation on breast milk concentrations of retinol, carotenoids and tocopherols in
HIV-infected Tanzanian women. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Oct 17
148 Williams ML, McCurdy SA, Atkinson JS, Kilonzo GP, Leshabari MT, Ross MW. Differences in HIV
risk behaviors by gender in a sample of Tanzanian injection drug users. AIDS Behav. 2007
Jan;11(1):137-44.
149 Yahya-Malima KI, Matee MI, Evjen-Olsen B, Fylkesnes K. High potential of escalating HIV
transmission in a low prevalence setting in rural Tanzania. BMC Public Health. 2007 Jun
9;7:103.
150 Yamashita S, Hirano K, Kuwasako T, Janabi M, Toyama Y, Ishigami M, Sakai N. Physiological
and pathological roles of a multi-ligand receptor CD36 in atherogenesis; insights from CD36-
deficient patients. Mol Cell Biochem. 2007 May;299(1-2):19-22
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7.0 Obituary
With deep regret and sorrow, the Vice Chancellor and the MUHAS community remembers the
Colleagues who past away during the reporting period. The following passed on:
Mr. Alphonce Mwale – Office of Deputy Vice Chancellor, Academic, Research and 1.
Consultancy
Mr. Hunguli Casmir – Finance department2.
Mr. Athman Iddi – Directorate of Planning and Development3.
Mr. Maki Ismail – Behavioral Sciences Department, SPHSS4.
Mr. Emilius Daraja – Directorate of Library Services5.
Ms Joyce Karanja – Dean of Students 6.
Ms. Subira Mohamed. Mtosa – Medicinal Chemistry Departent, School of Pharmacy7.
May the LORD rest their souls in eternal peace Amen
8.0 AppendixAudited Financial Statement for year ended
30th June 2006
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BALANCE SHEET AS AT 30TH JUNE, 2006
8.0 Appendix - Audited Financial Statement for
year ended 30th June 2006
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INCOME STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30TH JUNE, 2006
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STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30TH JUNE, 2006
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LTH
AN
D A
LLIE
D S
CIE
NC
ES
76
CASH FLOW STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30TH JUNE, 2006
AN
NU
AL
RE
PO
RT
20
07
/20
08
MU
HIM
BIL
I U
NIV
ER
SIT
Y O
F H
EA
LTH
AN
D A
LLIE
D S
CIE
NC
ES
77
AN
NU
AL
RE
PO
RT
20
07
/20
08
MU
HIM
BIL
I U
NIV
ER
SIT
Y O
F H
EA
LTH
AN
D A
LLIE
D S
CIE
NC
ES
78
