C O L O N I A L R E P O R T S - A N N U A L

N o . 1572

A N N U A L REPORT O N THE SOCIAL A N D ECONOMIC PROGRESS OF T H E PEOPLE OF

T H E GAMBIA, 1931

(For Report for 1929 see No. 1506 (Price is.) and for Report for IQ$O see No. r j t j (Price is.))

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T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S .

PAGB.

C h a p t e r I. H i s to ry , G e o g r a p h y and (Tuna t* . . . I .

d o . I I . G o v e r n m e n t . . . . . . . . . 0 .

do. I l l * Popula t ion . . . . . . . . . 7.

do. I V . Health . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 .

do. V, Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.

do. V I . Product ion . . . . . . . . . . . . I K

do. V I I , Commurctf . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,

do. V I I I . \Vugo> Mini (NISI of L iv ing . . . . . . 17.

do. I X . Educa t ion mid Wel fa re Inst i tut ion* . . . 19.

do. X . Commiuiioat iou* and T ranspo r t . . . .. 22.

do. X I . Rank ing , Cur rency . W e i g h t s and Mea«§ur«* 25 .

do . X I I . Public-. W o r k , . . . . . . . . . 2 6 .

do. X I I I . •Ititfticc ami Puli tv . . . . . . . . . 30.

do , X I V . Legislat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 .

do. X V . Public. F i i r .n iw, mid T n x a t i o n . . . 37 .

do . X V I . Land and Survf\ . . . . . . 40.

Appendix . . . . . . 42.

Annual Report on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of the Gamfcia

1 9 3 1 .

C i h p t k k I. l h s i o K Y . (! i:<m.i; \ i - i i v a m Cm*:*.

In iin» .(Hit, I l l l i , 1 2 t h and r c i i i u r e s t h e A:\MU a ' - ipund n.ai rccoi d e d a g o o d deal if i l lfofma• ft*p a h , a . tlie inlci 1 >r of \Ye*t A frica. l;ut I ho ca r tog raphy of Senegambia remained >ii|l a Maid ' s* ni;h « i ! e (ic/.ola o r ( i e data T u a r e g of the Scgu ie i - e l - i l a m / a ( W a d i Tiwga j \s\\'\\ the ( i enoese ( i i o v u n n i di Ca r ingnano made h.V p!ani>pl in

i n ill ' 1 I 2 i ! i tvu\ Kith centur ies , however, the mimerou* f b ••vish t nul l i ty communi t i es which Ira led main ly in gold from MIC'I c u t ITS as T u a t and Nul I^amta ( W a d i I / i a a ) south to Melli ( Uambuk > and beyond, had a c j i i i r d so much information about tin* Wes t e rn S u d a n and Saha ra 111:if tin- map* of the ca r tographer* of Majorca ns , lor ins tauee. t h e pl;ui'«plii kiv of Angc l ino Duleert ( Majorca) l:\VJ and that of the converted J e w Mccia d<* Viladc<tcs 1 4 1 3 A.!>. show a eon>ider-ab le advance in recorded knowledge .

T h e la t ter shows Tagha/ .za or Taodcni of ihe salt cones ( the T t ok of the 1A U k r i ) as T e t e g a , and also Tacr ine the cuiiiilrv "f 111 - * T w o l o r . and for the lirst t ime the ( ia tnhia l i ivcr I- shown under t : e nana 1 •* N 'gv iaka \ T o the Nor th of ihe N 'gc laka is a name I'd** or W u d e , aUo a count ry and r a p e called A ha el i as well as 1 h ^ n ^ a r ( t h e Senega! R i v e r ) . In ih valley of the r i ser N ' g ' l a k a , a plje*.. called T e g e r u i is shown, the name being probably akin to : n a m e X V e l a k a f hoth be ing derived from the Berber N ' ^ 1 ! , N'jfsir, or X ' g i r w i t h Berber end ing ~ek or - ik . Angr l i co Dulee r t

.^hows 5 to the south of the coast region called A ba"h, a p e o p l e called Fel le who a rc probubly identical with the C d e of Yilade>tes, i .e. . Fn lbo .

T h o u g h IMionedaii sndors from ( iade i ra ( ( ' a d i z ; a re said to h:ive t raded down the Wes t .Coast of Afr ica , the lirst recorded Kuropean explora tory expedi t ion to the ( i a m b i a by sea was liia* of the (tcnooM* Anionic Uso l in ia ie , who, on tin* 1 2th December , 1 wrote to his relative;; t h a t he had " gone 8(H) leagues further than any otln r C h r i s t i a n " and had nav iga ted his 4 caravel* as far as the ( i r .mba ( G a m b i a ) .

Csodimare had left Genoa about tin* t ime of tin* dea th of the K i n g of Spa in , J o h n I I of Cast i le in 1434* at a t ime when the Span i a rd s we're BUM' p ro tes t ing to 1 lie* P o p e against the 1'ortiigm^r. expedi t ions to t a p e Hogador and beyond, but U^odimaro's im civets or *ymputhtes led him to t ake back to Lisbon an envov from a ( f ambian el.ief, a n d a g r e e to make 1 a *ee?md voyage to the ( t ambia an an vtivuy of t h e K i n g of Por tngaK Alphon^o \ \

ml

In the le t te r above quo ted , he remarks tha t he is to sail aga in in ten days from Lisbon. H o also say8 t ha t the envoy from the G a m b i a n chief was a descendant of a Po r tuguese sailor who had been •uved from one of the ships of the Vivaldi E x p e d i t i o n whieh had been lo-? about 1 7 0 years before, i.e.. in 12*.**.

{ 'sodiumre related his adven tures " i n the land of Badomcl " < i.e.. liii- land of the BMI* D u m e h to the Venet ian CaMa M o s t o . T h e lat ter , on the 2 2 n d March , set out on board a Por tuguese •caravel \ suppl ied by Pr ince H e n r y the N a v i g a t o r , to make fur ther explora t ions in Senegambia . ( V d a Mosto records that the K i n g of the tlolofs at this time %% was called Zuclioliii *\ CaMa Mosto d i sembarked at Cayor , • • the palm beach of B u r Dinner'. A t the town of the * B i s h o r o r \ the nephew of the k ing . CaMa Mos to was en te r ta ined . T h e Bur Dumel was a professing Muhan imedan at this t ime.

T h e dolof k ingdom is said by ( V d a Mosto to have extended east as far as the count ry of the F u l b e and the Tueo lo r . South of the K ingdom of d o a l and north of the G a m b i a was the country of the Barbas ines . T h e i r King lived in the inter ior in a fortitied town called d a g a o n ( J a g o ) in place of the former cap i ta l MM>is>el in S ine west of Kao laek . CaMa Mosto also d i sembarked on an island in the es tuary of the G a m b i a which he ••ailed the M e of S t . Andrew* af ter the christ ian name of a sailor who was buried the re .

(h i proceeding further CaMa Mosto was told that tin* count ry be longed t o K i n g Furisangal ( Bur Senega l ) a vassal of the Bur M e l l i .

T w e n t y leagues south of the G a m b i a ( U>0 miles) CaMa Mosto met the Casa Mansa . but before 1 ma k i ng this j o u r n e y he records tha t he went <>0 leagues ( 2 4 0 miles) *• to the south M in the kingdom of the • B a t t i m a n s a \ T h e word •youth* however, here does not mean ••directly south*, but south east . T h e Bat thnansa was the K i n g of the • 'Badd i -b f f \ between the B i n t a n g ( r e c k and K a n t o r a . Almost at 'ho same t ime as CaMa Mosto ' s visit to the G a m b i a , it was visited by Diago ( b a n e / who also ment ions the k Far i sangul ' ( B u r S e n e g a l ) . Gu ided by a cer ta in Backe r ( B U I T ) Gomez visited Kan to ra . It was believed by these travellers that the Senegal and Gambia were two months of one river enclosing the ••delta of the Ni le of G a i V \ T h e two rivers are so shown on a Venet ian map of that period.

Accord ing to Paeheo Pere i ra , the chief commercial cent re of K a n t o r a at this t ime was called S u t u k u . T h e whole of the right bank of the C p p e r Hiver was subject to the K i n g of Mellc ( B u r Mcl le ; , tiie left bank presumably being the Kingdom of the Bat t i Mansa .

T h e t rade route from Ka. ikau t ( i a u ) to Kan to ra a* this t ime passed Samanda (nea r Segu on the C p p e r N ige r ) , Comnuher ta (Ga la t i i i , and Cereeulle (Snrahu l l c ) , aeeord tng to an informant of Gomez .

Gome/, made a second Exped i t i on to the G a m b i a and visited Cl imausa ( M a n s a of W n l i ) and then the* Bnl t imansu on the left bank with whom he made some kind of t rea ty .

8

T h e K i n g of N o u n mans ( X i u m i ) , who had hi ther to been hostile. wa« also visited, and a t r ea ty , ^sealed hy d r ink ing the red and white wine of P o r t u g a l " , was made .

In 1460 <iomcz re turned not to Xiumi hut to the 'Bnrhas iucs ' , ne ighbours of tin 1 Scr reos (Se rc rc s ) . T h e Bur ( iebi l (dolof chief of the ( t r i o t s ) had jus t been defeated and pursued by the Burhi ik , (doloi k ing ) and had taken refuge at a port called Z a z i ( A h n v d a

T h e voyages made by CaMa Mosto and by ( i o i u e / established the t rade supremacy of t in 1 Por tuguese on the West ( 'oast of Africa a n d they were able to mainta in a monopoly for more than a cen tu ry . An Engl ish expedi t ion, fitted out in 1 4 8 1 was prevented from sailing by the influence of K i n g J o h n I I of Po r tuga l . In 1.J*S a Pa ten t from Queen El izabe th gave cer ta in merchan ts of Devon and London a monopoly for ten years of the fc" free and whole traflque t rade and feat of m e r c h a n d i s e " to and %vi111i11 th<* Senegal and ( t a m h i a rivers. It was stated in the P a h tit that one voyage had a l ready been performed* T h e second voyage under the Char te r , which was made in 1.3!)!. is described in H a k i u y t . T i e 1 F rench had then t r aded in these par t s for above ;}o years , hut the Frenchmen never used to go into the river of G a m b i a , which i* a river of secret t rade and riches concealed by the P o r t u g a l \

T h e annexat ion of Por tuga l to Spain under Phi l ip II in 1">NU caused the decline of Por tuguese mar i t ime enterpr ise , and early ill the I 7th cen tu ry tin* English established themselves in the Gambia and the F rench in N n e g a l to the nor th . F o r the following two centuries these countr ies contended with va ry ing fortunes frr the mas te ry of the two rivers, the coast ports between and the t rade of the h in te r land .

In the l t t lh century the l toya l Afr ican Company controlled ilie commerce of the ( t a m h i a . and made large profits on their cargoes of slave* and gold and ivory ami beeswax .

Char t e red Company adminis t ra t ion was, however, ruined by the Act of 1 * 0 7 . which abolished the slave trade 1 , and a l though an annual subsidy of £ 2 3 . 0 0 0 was paid to the C o m p a n y , it was unable to make a profit ami its assets were t aken over by the Crown.

Since I* 16 the seat of Governmen t has been tit B a t h t u b , which was founded by the English merchan ts who left Senegal and the Is land of ( io ree when those terr i tories were restored to F r a n c e after the Xapoleonic wars. I t was named af ter the then Secre ta ry of S t a t e for the Colonics.

(Jeot/niphif.

Tin ( olonv. which comprises tin? towns of Ba thurs t and George* town and some adjoining land, has an area of only titi sip aire miles.

T h e Pro tec to ra te i* a narrow s t r ip of terr i tory approx ima te ly ten ki lometres wide on each bank ex tend ing tip the river for near ly three hundred miles from Ba thu r s t , T h e G a m b i a Hiver has its source near the village of L a b e on t he F u t a dal lon p la teau . It flows wes tward for about 7o0 miles. T h e r iver is navigable for ocean-going s teamers as far as K u n t a u r . ] o 0 mi l t s up r iver, and for vessels d r a w i n g less than

4

two fathoms as far as Ko i i i a—202 miles from Bathurst—the? easternmost village in the P ro tec to ra t e , where there 1 is a rise of t w o feet dai ly with the t ide . D u r i n g the rains the upper r iver rises sonic th i r ty

T h e inhab i tan t s of the P ro tec to ra t e a re mostly Jo l lo fs , M a n d i n g o s , K o l a s ami J o h n s near ly all of whom sire M o h a m m e d a n s t xeept the hist named t r ibe who are pagan , though the M o h a m m e d a n religion U ga in ing ground -uuongst them and. as a resul t , they a re g radua l ly d ropp ing their pr imit ive cus toms.

Ifprr Ithur / V e / v / o r . compris ing the d i s t r i c t s of W u l i . K a u t o r a , S a w l u , Kuhtdu Fas t and F u l a u u Cen t r a l has tin a rea < f V\I square miles and a populat ion of ,'Ji«-IOO.. T h e g r e a t e r n u m b e r of the inhab i tan t s a re Mand ingos and Surah id is with a r a t he r smaller p iopor t iou of F u l a s

T in 1 I lcadsj ' iar ter* of the P r o r i u c e a re s i tua ted at Basse*, which is hoih the la rger ! town in the Province and one of the most important, r iver-ports in the P ro t ec to ra t e ,

T h e dis t r ic ts of S a u d u , Kno ic ra and Willi a re all relic* of former n a m e k ingdoms ,

MnrCttrlhi/ Island Prjrhirt* c onsu l s of the Dis t r ic ts of Sami , Xiani , Niani ja . C p p e r Saleenm Low i t S a l m o n . W e s t e r n X i a m i u a Fia^tern Xiami-ua. D u u k u n k u X lamina, Kuladtt W e s t . W e s t e r n J u r r a , Cent ra l J a r r a , l^ 'orern J a r r a and M a c C a r l h y Is land, The 1 area of the Prov ince is I J . S t J s<p miles ami tin- populat ion o : > , 2 o 0 . T h e ] f cad i | ua r i c r s a re a* George town . T h • hulk of the populat ion are •follofs and Mandingos*

S*wih f fault I*r\>rniv<> includes tie* Dis t r i c t s of Fasfern K i a n g , Cent ra l K i a n g , K i n g We*t . Foni J a r r o l , Foni Bcnda l i , Foni K a u - a l n , B i u t n u g - K n m u n i , Fold Brcfet . S o c t h Koiuho, Fast Kombei, Cen t ra l Kombo , X o r t h K o m h o ami K o m h o S t . M a r y . The 1

area of the* Province |* lj).v,s miles and the populat ion T h e H e a d q u a r t e r s are at l l akau . C a p e Sr . M a r v . The' majori ty of the inhab i t an t s are Mandingos but tn iv are- a large IUUUIMV ed" Fn la s in the more 1 enstcriv Distr ic ts while ;he K o m h o Dis t r i c t s a m larijelv popu la ted by J o i n s ,

Xorth Hank l^rvrhivfi has an a* # ia of 8 1 4 *rpiam mile* anil a p o p u l a t i o n of 47*.M*h The* dis t r ic ts of the Province a re Lower X i u m i , C p p e r Nit imi , J o k a d t u Lower B a d d i b u , Cent ra l Badd ibu and U p p e r Ihieldibu. Of t h e s e the* th ree Badd ibu dis t r ic ts a rc p redominan t ly M a u d i u u o in popula i iMi ; Jokae iu has a mixed popula t ion <*f Mand ingos , J o l o t f s and T u r a n k o c s (Mal inumiedai i F n l a s ; w h i l 1 the tw i N i tnms are mainly mixed Jolofl and Mai id tugo d is t r ic t s . T h e H e a d q u a r t e r * are at K e r e w i n ,

4?tinutt<\

T h e climate 1 of the* ( i a m b i a is not hea l thy t h o u g h , with modern method* of Hinit itioo ami housing, condit ion* of l iving genera l ly have g rea t ly imp oved d e m u r recent year*. T h e most t ry ing j art of th*1

y e a r is from . l ime to Oc tobe r , which is the wet period, D u r i n g the r ema in ing months the c l ima te compares favourably with t h a t of o t h e r t ropical count r ies .

Afffruroiot/icttf s/'tfixtir,*, iff-U.

C u m ; S t . M a i : v . S t a t i o n .

M e a n A i r . Vl.iti V<« , Kaiiifn M o n t h . J e i n n e r a - f . Vl.iti V<« , Kaiiifn •I

. ' 111 nit itin v. I N R E . ( i n c h e s . )

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T o l a ! • • • . • — I n s

in t h e P l o t * c t o i a t i » t h e i f . e o i d s of r a i n f a l l v/ere • »

S o u t h B a n k i V o v i n c e ( S u k t i t a > :».i.(M'i ill.-*

N o r t h H u n k I V o v i n c e ( K e r c u a n / l M a e C a r i h y Is !an<l P r o v i n c e (< l e o r e e i o u n) :*;>.o7 »» r p p e r K i v e r P r o v i n c e (Wi.li'i

C I U P T K B I I . G O V E R N M E N T .

Vrvtectorutt System.—This sys tem was established in 1894 ami adminis t ra t ion in the P ro t ec to r a t e hinges on the Chief (or Sefo) ami t he H e a d m a n * or A lka l i ) the Alka l i being responsible to the Se fo l o r his town and the Sefo to t he Commissioner of the P iov inee for his d is t r ic t .

T h e Alka l i is chosen by the people of the vil lage ami his position is continued by the Cnmmissioiier. H e ac ts a* the representa t ive of his village in dea l ing with G o v e r n m e n t anil personifies the village communi ty . T h i s is exemplified by the fact that it is the Alka l i who allots, to those who need it, unoccupied land belonging to the village as a ec tnmuni tv . H e is hound bv t radi t ion to seek and to listen to the advice of the e lder men in the vi l lage.

In the event of d isputes ar is ing, in the communi ty , which cannot h<* c o m p o s e d by the friends or relat ives of the p a r t u s the A lka l i , a l though a rmed with no jud ic ia l powers is often able by vi r tue of his oftice to net successfully as a r b i t r a t o r and prevent the m a t t e r from reaching the point of l i t igation.

T h e Sefo holds a position pa r t ly established by legislation and par t ly inherited fiom the K i n g s of former t imes . T h e M a n d i u g o w o r d t o r K i n g ( M a n s a ) is now appl ied only to the G o v e r n o r who b , in na t ive phraseology, the ** K i n g of Hathurs t "\ and this l imitat ion of the word reflects the passing of much of the old kingly powers . Yet a good deal of t he s t and ing and au thor i ty of the King* remain, especially in cases where it is possible to appoint as Chief one of an old rul ing family. It is now the policy, therefore , to appoint such men as far as possible, since on tin* au thor i ty inherent in the ottice depends a great par t of t he C h i e f s uti l i ty and pres t ige .

T h e Sefo is appointed by the Governor on the recommendat ion of the Commiss ioner , who ha* previously ascertained which of t he cand ida te s has t he best claim or commands most the respect and obedience of the dis t r ic t . T h i s distr ict opinion is becoming an increasingly impor tan t factor in the choice of a Chief , A p a r t from genera l admin is t ra t ive dut ies ami supervision of his distr ict the S e i o is t h e Pres ident of the N a t i v e T r i b u n a l of his dis tr ic t , he exercises powers which m a y be compared roughly to those of a Pol ice C o u r t , appea l s lying from his C o u r t to tha t of the Commissioner .

Locai (iorenimfnt'—In 1031 the Hathurs t U r b a n Dis t r ic t Counci l and Hoard of H e a l t h was const i tu ted iti place of the Hoard of H e a l t h for the purpose of advis ing G o v e r n m e n t upon ma t t e r s re la t ing to the welfare of the inhabi tan ts of the T o w n , and is composed of represen­ta t ives of the various Governmen t D e p a r t m e n t s concerned, of six M e m b e r s elected by the T o w n W a r d s and of four Members , nomin­ated by the Governor , represen t ing the Commercia l and Sh ipp ing interes ts .

Mee t ings of the Council were held in each q u a r t e r and the advice an><! assistance given to G o v e r n m e n t were of g rea t value.

ClIACTBIt I I I . P o c i ' l a t i o x .

Tin* p o p u l a t i o n of tin* ( i a i u h i a a c c o r d i n g t o tin* 1 0 3 1 C e n s u s w a s i y y , o 2 0 of w h i c h I4..17U i n h a h i t a n t s r e s i d e on S t , M a n ' s I s l a n d . T h e I s l a n d c o n t a i n s fVw i n h a h i t a n t s o u t s i d e t h e T o w n of BathurM.

( i e u c r a l l y s p e a k i n g t h e vat ions r a c e s a r e d i s t r i b u t e d t h r o u g h o u t t h e P r o t r e t o i e . t i 1 w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n of t h e d o l u s w h o a r e p r a e i i e a l l y

r o u t i n e d t o t h e S o u t h B a n k P i o v i n c c . T h e n u m e r i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n of t h e l i a c c s in t h e P r o t e c t o r a t e is a s fo l lows : —

Mandingo N/>.(i40 d o i i o i 2 o . S « 4 Fula « « « « i *#

Jo la I ' . U l O S a m h u l i I 2 . : a «

T u k u l o r ! 1. W'i'A Bambarra :\:>i\\ A k u 786 ( ) thers a , « 4 7

Total

People of all these races are included amongst the inhabi tan ts of Bathu r s t ,

Vi ta l s tat is t ics a re recorded in the Island of S t . M a r y only a s . owing to the i l l i teracy of the people, the collection of reliable data in t h e P ro tec to ra t e is impossible.

T h e s ta t is t ics in respect of Ba thurs t for the past live year* are1 is follows : —

Infant i l e Mortal i ty D e a t h s . ( p o r ijhmi hirths

KeipfticvtM!).

4o;i ;U7 4tB 3H5

i n m 227

A s regard* the above* figures it is necessary te> s ta te tha t whereas all dea ths t ak ing place iti Bathurst a re regis tered, since1 certificates o f dea th and burial permi ts are requited in all eases, in some instances, b i r ths eif infants to paren t s , in par t icular te> illiterate 1 parent? , are not regis te red . T h i s would account feu* the compara t ive ly large execs* of dea ths over bi r ths which have been registered in previous year*. The 1

stat is t ics indicate , however , that more b i r ths are being registered from year to year anel this is undoubtedly due te> the fact that paren ts , including the illiterate*, are beginning to real ize the value eif certifi­ca te* of birth to the i r children in adid t years .

1i):>7

Mirth*

Em hj rut ion tM<f imun<i * <il ion.

T h e r e is p r a c t i c a l l y n o e m i g r a t i o n f rom t h e G a m b i a . A • ili** romoii*ii«*eoieiit of e a c h g r o u n d - n u t p l a n t i n g s e a s o n a n u m b e r o f

n a t i v e s t o * s tin* b o r d e r i n to (In* P r o t e c t o r a t e f rom l«Yeueh T e r r i t o r y for the* p u r p o s e of a s - i s t i n g t h e local f a r m e r s iti i h c p l a n t i n g a n d h a r v e s t i n g of t h e e r o p . The?.e v - t r a u g e f a r m e r s ' r e t u r n t o t h e i r h o m e s a f t e r t h e e r o p h a s hre i i s u a ' k A c d . l i k e w i s e a c o n s i d e r a b l e n u m b e r of f o r e i g n l a b o u r e r s a n d p * t t v t r a d e r s e o n i e to I l a t b u : s i at t h e b e g i n n i n g of e a e h t: a d e se.i-on a n d lca*v a u a i u w h e n t h e r e a s o n e n d s , T h e n u m b e r of • s t r a n p * f a r m t i > ' . l a b o u r e r s a n d p**tty t r a d e r s v i s i t i n g t h e G a m b i a t t a t m - a l l v l l u c h n t c s r e c o r d i n u t o t r a d e c o n d i t i o n * . I m m m r a t i o n r e t u r n s s h o w t h e ; d u r i n g t h e }n\< t h r e e y e a r s t h e p e r - o n s ent r i n g l>athui>t b y -ea m u u h c r e d a s follow*:-—l.OK.Vin MWK H 1 0 m l t K J M a . a l S / i l in H K l l : b u t it ma}* be a s s u m e d tha t t h e m a j o r i t y of t h e s e p e o p l e r e t u r n e d , o r will r e t u r n , t o t h e i r b o n a - . I m m i g r a t i o n is c o m ro l l ed b y t h e I m m i g r a t i o n R e s t r i c t i o n O r d i n a n c e f X o . 1 2 of 1 9 2 4 ) u n d e r w h i c h no p e r s o n is a l l o w e d to c u t e r l b • G a m b i a w h o ; —

{<?) is l ike ly t o b e c o m e a p a u p e r o r a p u b l i c c h a r g e ,

(/ ' ) is a n idiot o r i n s a n e ,

( # ) is d e e m e d b y the* G o v e r n o r t o b e a n u n d e s i r a b l e i m m i g r a n t ,

(•/) is a pro*! it u b \ o r

(<>) is not in possess ion of h p a s s p o r t va l id u n d e r t h e law o f t h e c o u n t r y of w h i e h h e is a c i t i z e n .

A n y p e r s o n w h o a p p e a r s t o t h e I m u u g i a t i o u Off icer t o be w i t h o u t \ i s ib lc m e a n s of s u p p o r t is r e q u i r e d t o d< p o s i t t h e s u m of £ t > 0 ,

•o r t o g i v e s c c m i t y by b o n d in t h a t a m o u n t . A t t h e e x p i r a t i o n of e i g h t e e n m o n t h s from t h e d a t e of e n t e r i n g t h e

G a m b i a * o r sit a n y e a r l i e r p e r i o d , if t h e d e p o s i t o r not h a v i n g b e c o m e d ' r t i t u t e o r u n a b l e Jo M i p p o r : h imse l f , d e p a r t s f rom t h e G a m b i a , h i s d e p o s i t is r e t u r n e d to h i m .

C l I A l ' T K U I V . I I k A I ' I ' I I ,

T h e h e a l t h o f t! 10 i n h a b i t a n t s of i l l ' 1 ( l a m l a a ;s on t h " w l i u l r

s a t i s f a ? \ o r v . C o m p l a i n t s of t h e R e s p i r a t o r y ami D i g e s t i v e S y s t e m s

an* o m ^ t p r e v a l e n t : t h u s in M C I t h e r e w e r e . '5jW2 <>f tip- f o r m e r , w i th I S d e a t h s , a n d V - ! > ° «d" t h e l a t t e r , wi th Ml d e . i t h - . It i< n o t i c e a b l e tha i r e s p i r a t o r y e o n i p l a i n t s o e e u r u i o - i '-cnis11:»miy in t h e r e l a t i v e l y eo ld r e a s o n J a n u a r y l o A p r i l m d d : ' . n a t i v e s y s t e m e o n i p l a i n t s d u r i n g t h e r a i n s d u n e to ( ) c l o h c r .

T h e ( i a t n h i a is e n t i r e l y a n a g r i c u l t u r a l t ' n l o u x . c o n t a i n i n g no m i n e s o r f a c t o r i e s , a n d a s a resul t n o c o m p l a i n t * a r e met w i t h w h i c h c a n he a s c r i h e d t o tl»e>e t w o f a c t o r s . M a l a r i a f eve r i- t h e mo.*! usua l t r o p i c a l e o i u p l a m t u n d e r I r e a t u i e n t : in Mio l t h e r e w e r e 1.1:77 e a s e s w i t h li d e a t h s .

T h e r e a r e o n e H o s p i t a l a n t I t w o D i s p e n s a r i e s in he P r o P - c N r / a i e , in c h a r g e of a M e d i c a l Off icer , a n d f rom t l a ^ e c e n t r e s j - r o p h y l a c t ic w o r k Is u n d e r t a k e n in t h e w a y of V a c c i n a t i o n a g a i n s t s m a i i - p o v a n d t h e ! real m e n : an»l c a r t 1 of y a w s . e t c . In l i u t i m r - ; t h e r e is a n ! v i ; o ; , e , n a n d A f r i c a n ( i e u e r a l H o s p i t a l ( V i c t o r i a H o s p i t a l - , a n l n f - c ; i o u s D i s e a s e s H o s p i t a l , t w o M a t e r n i t y a n d Chi ld ren" . - W e l f a r e ( ' l i n e ' s a n d a H o n ; . ' for I n i i r m . Thes - - a r c all in ih< c h a r g e of M e d i c a l Or r i ce r s a u i i i c r e a r e K u r o p e a u N u r - i u g S i s l e i s in (lie l \ u r o p e a : i a n d A f ; i \ : n 11 o> pit a I and a!-o in t he C l i n i c * . In a u d i t v w tin re i.« a P u b l i c 1 I r a ' ! h 1 ) e p a t ! m e u l w h i c h a t t e n d s to d r a i n a g e a n d s a i d ' a r y " r g m n z u t :< • i.

D u r i u u ' \KX\\ t h e r e w a s no o u t b r e a k of s . e i o i e itlue*s s u c h a s v l l o w fever , p l a g u e . . - m a l l - p o x . T h e w o . , k a) t h e VIETM-ia H o - p i t a ! r e m u m -

ed m u c h t h e s a m e in v o l u m e : t h e g e n e r a ! p»!'»hc SHEW-d a n incr-va-'ing u p p r c e i a i i o i i of t h e |̂>4M*i.i 1 n a t u r e of t h e he!*, - t r a i n a b l e at t h e M a t e r n i t y a n d C h i l d r e n ' s W e l f a r e C l i n i c s .

T w o m o d e r n W a r d s w e n 1 c o n s t r u c t e d at t h e V i c t o r i a I l o s p o a l to r e p l a c e t w o w h i c h w e r e d i l a p i d a t e d a n d o u t - o f - d a t e . T h e - e n e w W a r d s a r e l i g h t , a i r y a n d c h e e r f u l a n d c o n s e q u e n t l y h a \ c a I M m i i e i a l e l lee t on t h o s e w h o o c c u p y t h e m .

V e r y w e l c o m e i m p r o v e m e n t s in t h e d r a i n a g e c * ; r ee l s w e r e d a r t e d .

S.ou l i d l i n g of c e r t a i n low a r e a s a n d d e e p d e p r e s s i o n ^ w a s uia l*awaken as pa r t of t h e c o n s t a n t w a r f a r e a g a i n s t insect p e s t s . T h e t r e a t m e n t of such a r e a s a n d d e p r e s s i o n s wi th c h e m i c a l s is e x p e n s i v e w h e r e a * o n c e Kllcd w i t h s a n d no f u r t h e r e x p e n s e is e n t a i l e d .

T h e H e a l t h D e p a r t m e n t c o n t i n u e d o p e r a t i o n s a g a i n s t m o s q u i t o b r e e d i n g — t h i s w o r k is b o t h difficult a n d e x p e n s i v e o w i n g t o t h e e x i s t e n c e of l a r g e n u m b e r s of c r a b ho l e s w h i c h p r o v i d e idea l h a t c h i n g -o u t p l a c e * for m o s q u i t o e s .

1 0

C IIAl'TRK V , I l o l X X O

T h e r e are no shuns in Hathurst and the houses and compounds are all well k e p i . T h e r e is some overc rowding at t imes d u r i n g the " T r a d e Season ' hut not of a serious na t u r e . Amel iora t ion of l iving condi t ions is provided for by moving people when possible from low l y i n g to reclaimed a reas . All houses and compounds are periodically i n s p e c t e d by the Pub l i c H e a l t h A u t h o r i t i e s and the S a n i t a r y L a w s are r igidly enforced. Houses are cons t ruc ted of different k inds of mater ia l : for instance, some are of wat t le and d a u b , o thers of brick : o the rs again a r f i of concre te blocks, and the most usual roofing is of c o r r u g a t e d iron.

T h e nat ive houses in the P r o t e c t o r a t e an* genera l ly c i rcular in shape and cons t ruc ted of wat t le and d a u b with conical grass roofs. T h e s e houses a re well suited to local condition.. . T h e r e i- no overc rowding since ample space is avai lable for expans ion . T h e houses and vil lage* genera l ly a re RERY well kep t and sa tu ta t ion is sa t i s fac tory . P e r i o d i c a l inspect ions of villages a re made by the Commissioners and officers of the Medica l Staff,

In the P r o t e c t o r a t e the houses are almost invar iably built ami »

owned by the occupants and the *ame appl ies , t hough to a less e x t e n t , in Ha thu r s t , Statistic*.

Province .

N o r t h Bank Prov ince

Sou th Hank Province

MaeCar thy Is land P r o v i n c e

U p p e r Hiver Prov ince

St. Mary ' s Island (Bathure t )

Popula t ion N o . o f H o u s e s or H u t s .

47 ,M» I •JX.88S | 21.194

f»:i,2">4 i :V2M0

I M I ; J

14,370 0 ,177

11

C H A P i in; VI . P K O D I X I I O X .

T h e G a m b i a is a lmost ent i re ly dependen t upon groundnut cul t iva t ion winch forms the s taph 1 expo r t c rop . T h e e x p o r t crop, which varies from 4 0 , 0 0 0 to 70 ,000 tons , is raised ent irely by Afr ican fa rmers , as the coun t ry is unsui table for Kuropeau set t lers . T h e r e a re no permanent p lan ta t ions or e s ta tes , tin* whole of the cul t ivat ion be ing carried out by what is usual ly descr ibed as "shi f t ing cult ivation*' . In addi t ion to the cul t ivat ion of g r o u n d n u t s a large q u a n t i t y of foodstuffs is raised, inc luding rice, maize , guineacorn , cassava , sweet pota toes e tc . . for local consumpt ion . Co t ton is grown on a fairly ex tens ive scale in some Provinces , pa r t i cu la r ly the N o r t h Hank , and the lint is used locally for the manufac tu re of long narrow str ips of coloured cloth.

T h e tonnage and value of g r o u n d n u t s expor ted from the Colony dur inu the last live veins were as follows : —

Year 1 oils Va luo £

1927 r..->,U)7 9 K U 9 1 74 .442 1 ,092 ,790

102!) ofi, 7fi.>..5i»4 74 .761 8 6 7 , 6 3 4

5 0 6 , 1 2 3

A small export t r ade is done in P a l m Kerne ls , H i d e s and W a x . In 19111 the expor t s of these commodi t ies were : —

£ P a l m Kerne l 8 2 8 tons value 7 ,444 H i d e s 14 .253 I b s d o 1,95:1 W a x 11 ,004 lbs do 3 4 4 .

T h e r e i> no organized animal indus t ry in the G a m b i a a l t h o u g h it is es t imated that there a re usually about 3 5 , 0 0 0 head of c a t t l e iu t h e Colony and P ro tec to ra t e . A s the ( i a m b i a consists nutiulv of a nar row s t r ip of terr i tory on e i ther side of the Kiver ami much of the l and adjacent to the river is more or less swampy and tse tse-r idden, the posi t ion is to some extent analogous to that ex i s t ing in larger Colonics w h e r e ca t t l e are compelled, at cer ta in seasons of the year , to f requent r iver val leys in which, while g r a z i n g is good, casual t ies from disease amongs t the herd* arc numerous . T h e extens ive F rench ter r i tor ies s u r r o u n d i n g the ( i a m b i a act as a ca t t le reservoir for t h e Colony. T i n re is conse­q u e n t l y a cont inual movement of ca t t l e to and fro across the border and the herds are owned by individuals on both sides of the bo rde r . A s t he border is some fiOO miles in length the es tabl ishment of a n y effective control over the graz ie rs and the movemen t of animals is imprac t i cab le . D u r i n g 1931 some tJ.000 head of ca t t l e a re repor ted to have died in the ( i a m b i a of Rinderpes t and P leuro-pneumouia , bu t it is impossible to say how many of these were, in fac t , an imals which had recent ly crossed the border or were owned hv nat ives in F r e n c h t e r r i t o r y . T h e ownersh ip of ca t t le iu the ( i a m b i a does not a p p e a r to differ in k ind

12

f r o m t h a t w h i c h o h t a i u s a m o n g s t o t h e r a g r i c u l t u r a l c o m m u n i t i e s in \Ve*l A f r i c a . T h e r e is. s t r i c t l y s p e a k i n g , no c o m m u n a l o w n e r s h i p a n d M o s t c a t t l e a r c t h e p r o p e r t y of i n d i v i d u a l s . T h e o w n e r is. h o w e v e r , s e l d o m (he p e r s o n w h o g r a z e s t h e h e r d a n d c o n v e r s e l y the. g r a z i e r s e l d o m o w n s m o r e t h a n a l ew h e a d of c a t t l e in t h e h e r d w h i c h le- l e n d s , hut lie i- u s u a l l y g i v e n t h e mi lk a n d h o t t e r a n d a c e r t a i n p : e p o : t ! o ? i of t he ca lve* h o r n . T h e g r a z i e r s in t h e ( i a i n h c t a r e p < a r t i c ; d l \ a l l F u ! a s n," do! ; ;* h u h c S o u t h J Jank i h o \ i n e < .

i a d d i t i o n to o a n . e t ie a r e a e o n d d e r a b l c u u m h e r o! d a e p . - p a t s and wh ich a r e r ca iv . ; m a i n l y to r hieal c o n s u m p t i o n ,

I ' .• - re a r e u< > o i i i . e r a 1 • o! ep; .en< rci.d \ a h . " in ! he ( t , ! e \ \ n-. .r a re l here ;oiv i t u t ' o r t a u l i n d u - t r i o o t h e r t h a n lho»e a l r e a d v l e e n t h ' i e d . c e i t a i o a m o u n t of l e a l h e i . m e t a l a ta ! p o t i e r \ work i> m a d e i ' r sa le l o c a l l y .

Imparl*. T h e i m p o r

13

! r.^7 r.rj'.i.

4*

M o r c i i . ' l h i i s e

T . . l a l

, v . ; ; ; ; ; < ; i . O I I U ; . s r .v.-.t.ki , v i . v . ^ : >

:«:!.:;**o \ , OJ; ,

I N

tfoiu7 11 I .:\'>.*>.oC* (»1 7..N.V.1

* i o n , . ; i !

T h e f o l l o w i n g t a h h s h o w s t h e p r i n c i p a l i t e m s of I m p o r t s f rom t h e

B r i t i s h U m p i r e and F o r e i g n C o u n t r i e s for ' h o yea r I H o l .

A U T N ' U ' * . | KiiiiM*»iii.|

1 r n i ! - i i-'i*uiic»\ j V a t * * of

Atm-r ica.

V a i i e Valih- V a h H ' Vahi<\

OLHLM* « omit , i t*

Value.

o l A I. .

ouantilv. V-.l'i«

X X X X ! «

Apparel . . . *:>i .. . i r>.7*>)

l ine s A S i n k s i ">(•'; b X o . I.7IM 8.7.1 22f» . . . 712 1 iHI.fr \.\ ">(•'; lifter. Alo. S t o w

anil P o r t e r . . . ('..'.4 * • t * •» •. • 0:U 7.4III g a l l s . 1.2*S l i iceuits . Htv id

2.41»7 and Cakes . . . 0 2 2 f , 1.7-7 * > • 14* i.r*;r.* e w t . 2.41»7 l ionts . Si I'M s

atnl S l ippers 1.21!> 4."» • • * I'i.'o.l pair* 2 . 1 S 2 Ci'in.'iit l.nTT .. . ].">'.} tons Cot ton Piece

( i oo i l s '.'1.717 O * M n .. • II.* ML I . : ^ l . : j 7 : i s f | . y k C a l •I.-JH-; •2.0.VJ t o n s i'».UH7 Cot ton Mann-

lii'tuti' ( o ther ) 1 .K7SI •»• 7.M ..» i.nir. ^.••.7.1 Cotton Yarn . . . 7rt'> . . . 4..'{«<) «• • ( M l yj.iMu l b s . 5.774 rinur WluatcM 1 I7:» i. IT;? v.;w71'wt. f u i O H a t s m:<l Caps 824 . . . ' 2^1 »• • . . . 1.442 K o l a - N u t s ... . . . trt.SUli »* • 11 Wo r w t . lilitlllli'!' •J.IKO 771 4'i:; 414 L^;V27s siip.it. :t.H.".u Me denies ami

I.HflO D r i l l s 1."»I4 «• 1X1 in U .. • I.HflO Metal all kinds 4.'.i7*> • •. ;>72 7:u> *. • <*..277 Motor Curs ami

l .o;rie« .*»«>, 2.0'M «* • 542 ;V.'l 21 3.0(14 ( i i l« . IMihlo . . . . . . 88;) . »» :J..VJV 41,601 K al l* . '».04'J O i l * , not l-Mible 72:i ur , i tf.siis i . :$ ' .»* 2II.<W7 khIIn. 1 12.38U U i e e 1.211 PJ.17I 27 .412 » * . 8.042 10f».i»5«; c u t . •19.4*. Si.lt l'.» • » *

1 :i. fJ4l 1.704 ton* VXA S o a p Spirit.;, potable Snynr . . .

r»7 •J.JV.3 . . . 12 2.151* cwt. 2 .022 S o a p Spirit.;, potable Snynr . . .

I.:(KI 21*» .. . 114 U.liKt (jralU. 1 1 .710 S o a p Spirit.;, potable Snynr . . . 1,004 • • • 3 8 ! 440 ",t.H|(tewt. x.:i4H T e a 4.Am • • * •JC2 .. • 1 i'.»o 3 II*. (i.257 T o b a c c o 5.77s ' . . . 110 i»:» lti:u»7i iim. W i n e s 201 . 2,72,-i . . . 270 :w.o;w «ttliH.

C h a p t e r V I I . C o m m k k c k .

I mparts and Kr/t< /•/.*,

l o r tin* lasl five w a r s w e r e a s fo l lows : —

14

T h e percentage* oi Impor t s from all Coun t r i e s , exclusive of Specie , were as follows : —

C o u n t r y .

T u t t e d K i n g d o m B r i t i s h Pos se s s ion*

Totals—Bri t ish Empi re

D e n m a r k France <icrmany Hol land Th N» *A# ••• ••• O i h e r C o u n t r i e s

j 192*. 1929. lit.VX ' IIKH

o "•' i /o At • °/ /o

:js.:r, !

12.1C. 37.99 10.2:5

34.42 10.09

.»4..i.' 1 1 . 1 1

37.73 14.4ri

51.71 48.22 45.11 45.50 52 .18

01.32 01.su 1 _ —

30.05 . 34.0s 39.05 29.75 24.52 05.58 05.11) 02.03 03.0s i 3.07 01.35 02.04 — 01.70! 1.78 05.38 05.1.0 O0.C3 00.87 i 8.35 04.01 02.98 05.98 12.44 ; 9.50

Tli.« following tal)l«' Mium* the comparative prices per unit of the principal items of Import!* for the last five year* J—

A r t i c l e 193U. 1931.

. f1.£ *. (I'M ft. ft.

Tlif Kxports f<.r the la^t five year.* including Specie wore ns follow*

j 1927. 192«. 1029. 1930. 1931.

M f i r ' i i i n t l i s o S p e c i e

T o t a l

X. . . . 999.O0T . . . ; 887

. . . | 999.887

£ .150,001)

1 22,400

|l,l 78.409

£ 840.929

3.831

844,700

£ 898.807

7,830

"900,043

527,111 2,701

529^872"

15

T h e following table shows the pr incipal i tems of E x p o r t * to the British E m p i r e and Fo re ign Count r ies for the year 1 9 3 1 .

! Groundnuts . l l i . l c K . Palm Kernels . Country. , . . . ... 1

1 Tow*. Value. No. Value. T o l l K . t Value. •

United Kingdom . . . i 1 1,595

£ 12,370 3,405 £

514 390 4 J S 7

British Possessions 1 7 58 — — — — France . . . !;W f47ii 21)8.54:1 1,252 Germany i l .V4 i i 101.512 1,058 187 432 .Vi57 H o l l a n d . . . 10 .291 80 ,100 — Other Count r ies . . . 13,470 —

Totals tW fHll ! i

500,125 14,253 1,953 828 7,4 U

T h e percentages of E x p o r t s to all Count r i es exclusive of Speeie were as follows : —

1927. W2H. j 1M0. j 11*30. j 1031.

United K i n g d o m British Possessions

7o 33.80 00.57

United K i n g d o m British Possessions

/o 08.20 00.47

7o 33.80 00.57

/o ! 15.18 | 03.C4

% 19.35 01,90

! <» i ! 03.83

00.82

Totals British E m p i r e . . . 08.U7 34.37 18.82 21.31 ! 04.65

D e n m a r k 01.50 00.38 00.83 1 04.29 France 42.10 30,92 33.03 39.95 S0.9O F r e n c h W . A . Possessions OI.OC — _ G e r m a n y 19.72 20,00 28.01 ; 17.82 19.9L Hol land 20.70 05.81 10.20 10.17 15.21 Other Count r ies 00.25 01.92 03.05 00.40 03.33

T h e following table shows the compara t ive prices per uni t of the pr incipal i tems of e x p o r t for the last five yea r s : ~

1927. 1928. 1929. 1930. | 1931. i

£ a, d. £ a. d. £ *. d. £ *. d, £ .v. d. Groundnuts per ton 1 3 . 1 9 . 7 14. 12. 4 13. 10. 5 1 1 . 1 2 . 1 i 7. 11. 0

Hides per lb. 0. 0. 0 j j

0. 0. 10J 0. 0. 7 i 0. 0. 4 } 1 0. 0 . 2 *

Pahn Kernels per ton i

10. 0. 2.1 j 1 5 . 1 2 . 0 13. 18. :>± 10. 17. 3 8. 19. 9'

Shipping.

T h e p e r c e n t a g e s five y e a r s w e r e a s

of S h i p p i n g of fo l lows : —

v a r i o u s N a t i o n a i t i rv fur tlu« 1:

i I&J7. 1 .' V.YM. i

11/ j

*u / ' > 1 "

B r i t i s h . . . ti:t.i» G7.i» r.-.'.o 1

F r e n c h ... 11.4 1 V.4 13.1 1 -M

D u t c h » > . < >

1 2 . S 1 :u> ! 1 ••

' • e i ' tntUi 1 '.» O.I .">.? •> • »

1

N<>r\v<\i;ian .•5.7

A i n c r i e u n o.n l . s l >

I t a l i an — — l . s

S w e d i s h — — - \:l 7.*i

D a n i s h — — — —

< M o t ( ' o i i n t r i e s 1 . 0 1.1 !.! -».S 1 . : ;

17

CIIAPTKI: V I I I . WAOKS AND COST OK I . VINO.

( i c n e r a l l y s p e a k i n g l a b o u r is HuK in l a d d u r i n g l i t e s h i r k s e a s o n t h e r e i s u n e m p l o y m e n t , in I l a t h u r M . In 11n* 1 r a t l i n g > a -on a o o n s i d r r a h l o n u m b e r of nal ivcs , f rom F r e n c h T e r r i t o r y , e n t e r P»:it !iur>t to o b t a i n f*111]»I<»\ I 'H ' i i t : whils t in the P r o . c e t o i n t o innnl i r i ' s «•{ F:'"orh n a t i v e s a r e e m p l o y e d b y l ie* local f a n n e r s in sowhs f j aud h a r w * ! n ^ t h e u r o u u d u u t c r o p . In b o t h e a s e s tin* u i a j u r i t y of t h o s e i m m i . j t a u t s r e t u r n to t h e i r h o m e s w h e n the s ea son is o v e r .

lu(f(< o / ' / / / / / / •

T h e r a l e of n a y l o r a r t i s a n s s i i e i i a^ ( a r p e n i <•»>. I l l a e ' ^ ' i o t h * . F i t t e r - , M a s o n s a m i P a i n t e r s r a n g e f rom t o a d a y (*l h o u r - ; .

l . ' n sk i i l cd l a b o u r e r s may he c lass i f ied a s fol lows : —

( " ) t h o s e on a m o n t h l y wage ,

(A) t h o s e on a d a i l y w a g e , and

v'e) f a r m l a b o u r e r s .

(a) L a b o u r e r s e m p l o y e d b y n i o r e a n t i l e (iritis* on m o n t h l y r a t e s of p a y . r e c e i v e f r o m t o .'Jli/- a m o n t h a n d , in s o m * e a s e s , a m o n t h l y is«ue of 4o Ihs of r i ce in a d d i t i o n .

S e m i - s k i l l e d l a b o u r e r s ( f . / / . s a n i t a r y w o r k e r s ) pes in r .neu t ly e m p l o y e d hy ( f o v e r n m e n t r e c e i v e f rom 1/(5 to li/- a d a y a n d in s o m e i n s t a n c e s a r e p r o v i d e d w i t h a c c o m m o d a t i o n . I ' n s k i l l o d l a h o u r e r s e m p l o y e d h y G o v e r n m e n t r e e e i v e f rom t o a d a y . The n o r m a l d a y ' s w o r k is H\ h o u r * .

(/;) D a i l y w a g e l a h o u r e r s r e c e i v e f rom !)d to l/'J a d a y , d e p e n d i n g on t h e t y p e of w o r k , h u t t h e w a g e in H a t h u r s t is s e l d o m l e s s t h a n ! / -a d a y . P i e c e w o r k r a t e s a r e s o m e t i m e s p a i d w h e n . c . g . * s h i p s a r e b e i n g

l o a d e d o r d i s c h a r g e d . ( c ) F a r m l a h o u r e r s f rom F r e n c h t e r r i t o r i e s a r e fed a n d liou** d oy

t h e i r e m p l o y e r s a n d w h e n t h e s e a s o n ' s e r o p i« sold t h e y r e c e i v e a p r o p o r t i o n of t i n 1 p r o c e e d s h e f o r e r e t u r n i n g t o t h e i r h o m e s . A s r e g a r d s t h e loca l n a t i v e e a c h f a m i l y a s a r u l e t e n d s i ts o w n f a rm h u t M'here o u t s i d e l a h o u r is e m p l o y e d t h e c o n d i t i o n s of e m p l o y m e n t a r e s i m i l a r to t h o s e o b t a i n i n g in t h e c a s e of t h e F r e n c h s t th jee t r e f e r r e d t o a h o v e .

t 'ost o/ tirhhj*

In t h e Protectorate "corn" i» the staple diet of the labouring c l a s s , whilst a considerable atnoont of rice, bread and fish is consumed. More rice is consumed in Bathurst especially hy the foreign labourer.

18

This amount does not include the cost of clothing which is purchase^ in England.

T h e »lailv co*t of a tabouret*** food in Bathurst mnv he reckoned MM follows: —

Kiee or corn . . . . . . . 3 # / Bread . . . . . . . . . 1*/ F ish . . . • . I ' / Oi l . . . . . . . . . !</ S u g a r . . . . . . . . . | r / Condiment* . . . . . . . . . \d

TOTAL . . . . . . Id

M e a t and g roundnu t s a re sometime* subs t i tu ted for fish a n d rice and the dai ly expend i tu re is then increased by abou t I d .

T h e average labourer spends very l i t t le on house-rent and c l o t h i n g — probably not more than 3 / - a month on an ave rage .

T h e cost of l iving in the P ro tec to ra t e for a labourer who provides for himself is rather less tlitm t h a t in B a t h u r s t .

T h e prices of foodstuffs a re genera ly lower than those ob t a in ing before the war . T h e following table gives some examples : —

1031 1913

Rice per bag of 21 fi lbs . 25 / - 3 3 / -Sa l t do . 6 6 lbs. 2/- 1/fi F l o u r do . 9 8 lbs . li/f> 16/fS E d i b l e oil per I m p . Gal lon 3/t> 4 / -S u g a r per lb . 3d! fyi.

Cost 0/ lirhhj. European Government (tjjiciah.

T h e cost of l iving varies accord ing to the income and tastes of the individual , b u t the following is considered to be the annua l minimum out lay of an unmarr ied jun ior Government Official l iving in B a t h u r s t : —

Servants . . . . . . . . . 70 W a s h i n g . . . . . . . . . 12 F i it* wood . . . . . . . . . 9 E lec t r i c L i g h t . . . . . . . . . I u M a r k e t (mea t , fish, b read , vege t ab l e s , egg , e tc . ) 4 0 Provis ions & W i n e s . . . . . . 125 T o b a c c o . . . . . . . . . 10 W i d o w s and O r p h a n s Pens ion cont r ibu t ion 24 Miscellaneous E x p e n d i t u r e including equ ipmen t 3 5

T o t a l . . . . . . £ 3 3 5

19

CHAI'TKU I X . E m c A i i u x ANO WELFAKK INSTITUTIONS.

Education in the Gambia is controlled hy the Hoard of Education of which the Governor is the President. The Members of the Hoard include all the members of the Legislative Council, the Superintendent of Education and such other members, not e x c e l l i n g six in number, as may be nominated bv the Governor. The nominated members hold otKce for a period of not more than three years and they include lepresentatives of the three Missions which operate in the Gambit , namely, the Wesley an Methodist, the Angl ican and the Koman Catholic Missions. T h e powers of the Board are defined in the Education Ordinance ( N o . 14 of 1903) . Briefly, the Board is empowered to dispose annually of such sum as the Legislative Council has. granted for the promotion of Education and to make regulations respecting grants- in-a id to assisted schools, the conduct of schools generally, the award of scholarships and other matters connected with the Kdueation Ordinance. Such Regulations, after approval by the ( iovernor- iu-Counci l , come into operation as from the date on which they appear in the Gazette , but are subject to disallowance by Hi s Majesty.

The Head of the Education Department is the Superintendent «>f Education who, in addition to administering the Department, exercises a general supervision over all the schools and training institutions in the Gambia.

Elemetary, Secondary and Vocational education are provided by the Government. There is no University education.

There are six elementary schools in Hathurst which, in 1931 , hr.d a total of 1,8**3 pupils on the reg is ters (1 ,233 boys and (*20 girls) and an average attendance of 1,150. These schools provide education up to the seventh standard. Five of them are maintained by Missions (Angl ican one. Roman Catholic two and Wesleyan two) and the Government maintain* a Mohammedan School at which Arabic is taught in addition to the English subjects.

There are four Secondary Schools in Hathurst. two for bovs and « *

two for girls, which are maintained by the Roman Catholic ami Wes leyan Missions, The total numbers on the register in 1931 were 87 boys and JJ2 girls with average attendances of 72 and 75 respectively. Scholarship* to these Secondary Schools are given each year by the Government

A Manual Training Centre is maintained by Government, and boys from ail the Hathurst schools attend for instruction in carpentry.

A s regard* Vocational Training, a Teacher Training School was opened in Hathurst in 1930, under the Wesleyan and Roman Catholic Missions, at which some fifty Hathurst elementary school teacher* have completed a two years* course of instruction. There are also a number of students training for the teaching profession, T h e Government provides a number of scholarships to the Training School.

2 0

lit the P r o t e c t o r a t e t he re is a ( i o v c n . m c n t h o a r d i n g schoo l at < i o o r i r e l o w u in M a c ( \ a r t h y I s l a n d P r o v i n c e , at w h i c h t h e r e a r e s i x t y h o \ \11«wl l y t h e sons or r e l a t i v e s nf c h i e f s . T h e r e is a h o a >niall v e r n a c u l a r school w i111 2 7 p u p i l s at I t a k a u . n e a r P»athm.»i. not! t h e W e ^ ' v a n Miss ion hav o p e n e d t h r e e v e r n a c u l a r schoo l* in K o m h o .

1 ' ^ \ \ e s l o y a n Miss ion a o o m a i n t a i n a n e l c iuo i i i a ry >oheol at ( i " i . ! ^ i ! . w i ! ill wh ich hoy-* an«! 2 o j d r l s at i« nd« d i:i w i ih an a \ • ihlil V ai t e n d a n c e oi' U |,

I > i;: : 111_ lSh'11 l ! i c S u | n - r! i i i # *i it! ' *ii! oi' 1 *f! •;«a:i l it •!» m i j « r \ : -o I the ' • < <•!' !< ;ic!:< t > in c o n j u n c t i o n wit l i the \ \ i * h j \ o it a n t Ionian \ 'si! ! . ' . •<Mi*>I»ai>. Kifl v-l w«» e lement a rv s choo l t c a c h e - c o m p l e t e d th on 1 \ e a r a n d four now i e a e h e » > - i n - i r a i n i n g c o m m e n c e d I)K» l i is t V c a : ' « » ; ' t h e c o u r s e . Tin* c o u r s e fol lows !be L o n d o n t o i \ er - i t \ ; r a i n i n g <\ !!;i! h u t i - ;H I-H»t «̂ I w h o l e l i i ' i v . ^ j i rv to t o - L . ea l i n v » ; . o!' the l e a ' - ! " ' . I l !ia- hcfi i iv!'. o n a i M ' a c t h . d hia> In a l ! -.uh;. .«t , am«>ng' v :» a d . ! . : m n ! o :he u sua l t each . - r l i r i n b ' V ; r u h j e c : - . a»-« : , » c ! h i ] .|i \ -if;: 1 i ra in iuv ; a n d g a r n i >. a<: ; ici .!: r: v , i i:i : in • st ud \ a m i ma .ia! t r a i n i n g for m e n a n d s^win: : for w o m e n .

V a l u e d t r a i n i n g was e .u i i i i i i icd .and v e r v g o o d i t - i d : - w l " aeh . \ rd. 'I h e t e a c h e r s in : rdum-:* a! i ended, t h e e o n » r e . w \\ \ \ a \ i o w t o

tl.e; •• ••- ;i g !>!••. ;i • ;• h . i f iIm;.- , tn l e a c h M a n u a l T r a i n i n g iii t h e i r c m . •• :;;> >5-: »na:iy o f Mean a l l a u m ! a hiu'h < a : i ! a : d o f j o o f h i e n e v .

I I 'he I'I'M'IV ' ;orate the fou r v e r n a c u l a r schools i n i h c K o m h o w o r e i n s p e c t e d hy t h * S u p i T i n t e n d e u l o f K d u e a t i o i i a n d t h e h e a d m a s t e r s w e r e a d v i v d a n d a s s i s t ed w i th t h e i r w o r k . In a d d i t i o n t o v e r n a c u l a r work in r e a d i n g , w r i t i n g a n d a r i t h m e t i c , g a r d e n i n g nnd c a r p e n t r y wer*» a l s o t a u g h t to t h e h o y s , a n d s e w i n g clashes were g i v e n o n c e a w e e k t o the* g i r l s of t h e v i l l a g e in which t h e s c h o o l s a re s i t u a t e d .

Vi*i t : - w e r e pa id t o the A r m i t a g o S c h o o l at ( i e o r g e t o w n s e v e r a i t i m e s d u r i n g the y e a r . T h e s y s t e m of k e e p i n g t h e r e g i s t e r * and fee? r e g i s t e r s at. t h e school was r ev i sed a n d iu c o n s u l t a t i o n wi th t h e A u d i t o r n e w a n d i m p r o v e d r e g i s t e r s w e r e s t a r r e d . A l e d g e r was n U o o p e n e d s h o w i n g t h e a r t i c l e s m a d e iu t h e I l a t h u r s t M a n u a l T r a i n i n g C e n t r e , t o g e t h e r w i t h p a r t i c u l a r s r e g a r d i n g their cost and sa l e s .

M e e t i n g s wi th t in 1 s choo l M a n a g e r s were he ld h y t h e S u p e r i n t e n d e n t of K d u e a t i o i i a n d t h e c u r r i c u l u m of t h e e l e i u e n t a r v M h o o t s in A r i t h m e t i c . H i s t »ry, Kng l i h and ( t c o g r a p h y w a s a m e n d e d w i t h a view* t o t h e g e n e r a l rev is ion of t h e c u r r i c u l u m of {he schoo l s at a l a t e r d a t e .

l i u l c s w e r e d i a w u u p in c o n j u n c t i o n wi th t h e Ma* g e r s ol t h e s choo l s r e g a r d i n g such s u b j e c t s as t h e a b s e n c e of t e a c h e r s f rom s c h o o l , m e d i c a l c e r t i f i c a t e s for t e a c h e r s on t h e s ick l i s t , p u n h d i m c n t s , and t r a n s f e r c e r t i f i c a t e s .

T h e following examina t ions were held d u r i n g the year : — London Mat r i cu la t ion , C a m b r i d g e School Cer t i f icate , C a m b r i d g e Local P r e l i m i n a r y , Clerical Services , Klementa ry Schools A n n u a l Kxumiua t i ou .

21

A short H i s t o r y of the ( i a m h i n wri t ten by the S u p e r i n t e n d e n t of Kduea t ion was published for the D e p a r t m e n t by the Governmen t Press and c o p i e s were supplied on sale t o all tie- s c h o o l s .

Welfare Institutions etc. F r e e m e d i c a l t p a t m e n l is p r o \ ided at t h e v a r i o u s G o v e r n m e n t

H o s p i t a l s a n d D i s p e n s a r i e s for t h o s e u n a b l e t o p a v fee - . A » s t a » e d in C h a p t e r I V t h e G o v e r n m e n t maintain** t w o M a t e r u i t v a n d C h i l d . « n** W e l f a r e C l i n i c * a n d a l so a H o m e for t h e 1 n i i rn . . T h e r e a:** i a p h i l a n t h r o p i c a l in-* if nt HMIS n o r i- t h e r • a n y i n s u r a n c e - c h e n e |\..« p r e c i s i o n of m e d i c a l t r e a t m e n t e t c . in t h e C o | o n \ .

linn at ion rfi\ In H a t h u r s t ( i o v r n n u s i t m a i n t a i n s a p u b l i c g r o u n d < M a c ( a r ; ! , v

S e j i r i r e ; in w h i c h u a t n c - art* | l a v e I by t h e i n h a b i t a n t * iuchidini* t h e s c h o o l I dli ldl e l l , O r g a H I / e d g ' t m c s a V'' COU I i f • * t ed h \ t h e s c h o o l s Wiio a r e a l lowed ! o i inpnr t fre.: o f d u t y all m a t e r i a l s i v q u i r t d f»»r s p o r t s . F o o t b a l l a n d C r i c k e t l e a g u e s h a v e b e m form d ov t he n a t i v e r e s i d e n c e ! " l>athur>t a n d G o v e r n m e n t h a s p r o v i d e d t w o r o n e i e i e t e n n i s « ,ourt> for t h e i r u s e .

S i n k i n g is f a u u h t in ail t h e s hoo l - % Free c o n c e r t s a r e <oven o n c e iii e v e r y week by t h e P o l i c e ! » a i . ! o n A i a e C a r t h v S i p . a r e a n d aU<> in front of ( i o v e r n m i nt I I o e . s e , w h e n t!ie g a r d e n - a r e t h r o w n o p t o t o t h e p u b l i c T h e s e c o n c e r t s a r c wel l a t t e n led a n d a r e m u c h a p p r e c i a t e d b y t h e p u b l i c .

22

1930 . 1931 .

J'a?«ou«ri*rs cumt'd . . . 2 1 , 1 1 9 11 ,980 Cargo ( t o n s ' 2 ,69o 2 ,409 !K«;vemH* f r o m |»a>s«'iijfer traffic . . . £4,7o,"> £ 4 . 2 3 2 KeveiiiH' from fivijflit . . . . . . £4,<>K.3 £ 3 . 7 1 2

The decline in 19.11 was due to the trade depression. The Marine Department also maintain and run launches which are

mainlv used for the convevaneo of Government Officials in the Protectorate ami for If arbour services at Huthursi.

There toe four trunk roads; N o . 1 :— H a t h u r s t — S u k u t a — H r i k a m a — K a f u t a — N . D e i n b a n —

Hwiam—Hrumeti Ferrv. ( 8 7 miles )•

N o . 2 : — Harra—Hcrrending—Hantauding—Dasalami—Hauui Njakundu—Il l iassa . f 62 m i l e s ) .

N o . :# :— f l l ia i sa—Katehang F e r r y — K o n k o b a — K w i n e l l a — Jatabba—Hritmen Ferry—f22[ , miles) with branch eastwartls at J a t a b b a to Satidentt and the French boundary (2.\ miles)

ClIAPTEIt X . CoMMI XMATIOKS AX!> I V V S P o N i .

Jirfcrnal :— For mail services the Colony is almost entirely dependent upon the

ships oi Messrs. FIder Dempster and Coy . Ltd. There i* a monthly s en iee hot other-wise the mail steamers are irregular. T h e intermediate ships eall outwards and homewards onee in ahoul every six weeks.

Internal:— Hirer Transport :—

A s stated in Chapter 1 the ( tamhia Kiver is navigable for ocean-going vessels as far as Kuntaur ( 1 5 0 miles from Hathurst) and for vessels drawing less than two fathoms as far as Koina ( 2 9 2 miles) .

During the tra g season, ground-nuts are brought down the river in ocean-going vt\ els, steamers and lighters and also in cutters and schooners, though the1 latter have now been almost entirely replaced hy steam craft.

Marine /tr/mrtment :— A teg dar passenger and cargo service is maintained by the

<tovermueut steamers ••Prince of W a l e s " ( 4 0 0 tons) and ••Lady Dei iham" ( 2.10 tons , weeklv from November to M a v and fortnightlv during the remaining months of the year.

S t a t i s t i c s regarding the freight and passengers carried by the Marine Department are as follows :—

2 3

N o . 4 :—Bantai iding (on Road 2) to the French boundary mi l e g ) .

In addition there is a Secondary road running from Illias*a via Ballatigliar, Han sang Ferry, Basse to Fattoto .

There are also a nuinherof secondary feeder roads to the various river ports iu the Protectorate. The total mileages of Secondary roads in each Province are approximately as follows : —

North Hank Province 116 miles South Hank Province 95 miles MacCarthj Island Province 2 8 0 miles I'ppcr River Province 2 0 0 miles.

Fen it*:— Passenger and vehicular ferric* have been installed, and are main*

taincd, by Government in connexion with the road system at the following points :—

Kerewan ( Road N o . 2 ) Katchang—Konkoha ( R o a d N o . 3? Bnimcn (connecting Roads Nos . 1 N; 3 )

Basse ; continuation of Road N o . 2

There is also a small passenger ferry at Bali in the Jawarra ( r e e k . Between Bathurst and B a n a a regular ferry service is maintained

bv a private firm which received a subsidy of £ 2 0 0 from Government in 1 9 3 1 .

Postal Swvio*:— Mails are conveyed by the Government river steamers. T h e General

Post Office is in Bathurst and there are District Post Offices at Kuutaur, Georgetown, Basse and Fat toto ,

Dur ing 11)31 the number of letters and other Postal mutter, exclusive of parcels, amounted to 182 ,483 (including 11 ,008 registered articles) as compared with 2 7 1 , 0 5 0 (including 14 ,500 registered articles) in 1930. Some use was made of the air mini service from D a k a r by which means 8 1 8 letters were despatched.

Parcels dealt with during the year numbered 4 .227 (including 271 insured packets) as against 6 ,093 ( inc lud ing488 insured packets; in 1930 ,

Statistics of the Moncv and Postal Order traffic arc* as follows :— 1 9 3 0 1 9 3 1 £ X

Money Orders issued and paid, value 3 4 , 7 3 0 2 7 , 4 3 0 Rtvi^hie derived from Money Orders 2 3 3 158 Postal Orders is«ueri & paid* 7 ,674 2 ,910 Revenue derived from Postal Orders 60 47

2 4

T h e total revenue der ived from the Posta l Service* in 1 0 3 1 was I K 114 as compared with £2,19<> in 1 9 3 0 .

T'!">*itntt*> Srrrire ( lluthttrs!):—

T h e s e rv i ce w a s s a t i s f a c t o r i l y m a i n t a i n e d . T h e t o t a l u i u n h e r of s u b s c r i b e r * w a s t i l a n d the s e n i c e p r o d u c e d a r e v e n u e of £ 1 3 ! ) a s a g a i i M £ 2 1 7 in l .KSO.

Wit rlt>$s Strt •/''/•: —

T h e r e a r e f o u r W i r e l e s s s t a t i o n s s i t u a t e d at H a t h u r s t , K u n t a i i r , G e o r g e t o w n a n d l i a i s e , t!ie ra t l ins of t h e t h r e e l a s t - n a n e d b e i n g abou t , 2 o 0 m i l e s . In I !*TJ 1 a n e w 2 K i l o w a t t va lve t r a n s m i t t e r w a s i n s t a l l e d at t h e H a t h u r s t S t a t i o n g i v i n g n r a n g e of o v e r 1 , 0 0 0 m i l e s . I m p r o v e ­m e n t s w e r e a l so effected d u r i n g t h e y e a r itt t h e a p p a r a t u s at t h e o t h e r s t a t i o n s . T h e r e v e n u e d e r i v e d f rom t h i s s e r v i c e in 1 9 3 1 was 1 '128 and £ 5 1 1 in 1 9 3 0 .

T h e r e is no te legraph system in the G a m b i a .

2 5

ClIAI'Tt i l l X T . B . \ X K I X < i , Ct'ItUKXl Y , W E I G H T S & MI:ASI KKS.

/iff it ft. T h e only Hank iu this Colony is the Hank of BritUh West Africa

which has a Sav ings Hank for small deposi tors . T h e (iovcrumcii,- has also a Pos t Office Sav ings Hank, the ra te of interest be ing 2 A- p.a.

Cttrre Hvy. T h e currency is Bri t ish \Yo*t Af r i can alloy and nickel-bronze

coins of denominat ions 2 / - , 1 / - . (id, 3d , Id , iK; £d: and Brit ish West African Cur rency Notes of 2 0 / - & 1 0 / - denomina t ions ( F r e n c h five-franc pieces which were formerlv in c i rcula t ion were demonet ised iu 1«22) .

S tocks of Cur rency a re held on behalf of the W e s t Afr ican C u r r e n c y Board and issues therefrom a re made to the Bank , a* and when requi red , again*! paymen t in L o u d o n .

Tin* value of the Notes iu circulat ion on the 31st December 1 9 3 1 was £ 2 1 1 ,932 a> compared with £ 2 0 7 , 9 3 2 on the 3 1 s t December 1 9 3 0 whilst Alloy Coins to tie* value of £ 2 1 0 , 1 4 9 were iu circulat ion at tin* end of 1931 as agains t £ 2 2 4 . ( 5 9 9 at the cud of the previous year .

Weights and Measures. S t a n d a r d We igh t s and Measures (Avo i rdupo i s , T r o y . Imperial

Measures of Capac i ty , L e n g t h & S u r f a c e ) are prescribed by the Weights & Measures Ordinance* of 1 9 0 2 and are kept by ( lovermnci i t .

T in 1 Commissioner of Police is the Inspector of W e i g h t s and .Measures and assisted by a number of D e p u t y Inspectors amongst whom are included the Commissioners of tin* Provinces in the Pro tec to ra te .

27

In addition, the value of the water supplied to Government Depart­ments amounted to £ 2 , 0 8 1 .

Expenditure. Excluding the emoluments of the permanent staff the expenditure

during 1031 oti the maintenance of the water supply amounted to £ U 9 9 L

Electric Lit/hf Snpplt/, Hathurst. Dur ing the yea r a total o! 312*817 units was genera ted as compared

with the 2 7 0 . H 0 3 uni ts dur ing the previous y e a r . A number of new installations atid extensions wore carried out . the

chief being the completion of the extension to bui ld ings and q u a r t e r s at G a p e St . M a r y and the supply of Power for the machinery in tin 1 new Plater** Shop at the Marine Depa r tmen t W o r k s h o p s represent ing a total of :J1 K . W . , . \ t r a loath

T h e earnings from the supplv of Kleetrieal energy dur ing the v< a;* amounted to £ f i , 9 8 | . whilst tie* cost of main tenance (exclusive • of permanent s ta l l ) was £2.4-14.

T h e rates charged are ; — L i g h t i n g . Or/ per unit (minimum charge 10/* per month h Domest ic . per unit (min imum charge 2/»i per inon t lu . Power . t\rf per unit and a contract ra te fixed by agreement .

Free service* include the l ight ing of s treets , the H o s p i t a l . G o w r n -t ii Wharf . G o \ e m i n e n t olliees and the Wireless S ta t ion .

Ice Ett'fut ff. Approx ima te ly S S j ^ tons of ice were manufac tured in the Govern­

ment l e e Fa lory d u r i n g 1031 and of this amount m a r l y 81 tons were retailed to the public at the price of \d a lb . ( a s h ?ales realized £ ( > 2 2 . whilst the value of the ice supplied to Victor ia Hospi ta l and the Hea l th Depa r tmen t was £ 1 2 5 ) . T h e total cost to Government of producing the ice was £ 4 2 7 .

({cin'rnl. T h e .Department .also under took the usual main tenance and repair*"

of public bui ldings , roads , and Hathurst W h a r f . Tin- Motor T r a n s ­port Service was sat is lactori ly main ta ined .

1} C n x s T U i T T l u x KTr. ( E x p e n d i t u r e £ 1 0 . 2 0 ! . }

Tin* principal works carr ied out d u r i n g tin' yea r included : —

Victoria IfosftitaL A new W a r d and S tore were* built at a cost of £ 1 .100 , T h e

W a r d is of cement-block work and is s i tuated on the sight of an old ward . Accommoda t ion for 2 4 pa t ien ts is provided.

27

In addition, the value of the water supplied to Government Depart* menta amounted to £ 2 , 0 8 1 .

Krpt'Hdituie. Excluding the emoluments of the permanent staff the expenditure

during 1931 on the maintenance of the water supplv amounted to £ L 9 9 L

Kfrrtrir Liffhl Supph^ Hatlnusl. Dur ing the yea r a total ol 312 . 817 uni ts was genera ted as compared

with tin 1 279.8(53 units du r ing the previous y e a r . A number of new installations and extensions were carried out . tin*

chief being the completion of the extension to bui ld ings and q u a r t e r s at C a p e S t . M a r y ami the supply of Power for the machinery iu tin 1 new Plater** Shop at the Marine Depa r tmen t W o r k s h o p s represent ing a total of 31 K . W . extra load.

T h e earnings from the supplv of Electrical energy dur ing the v e a r

amounted to £<5,9NL whilst tie* cost o f main tenance (exclusive • of permanent s ta l l ) was £ 2 . 4 4 4 ,

T h e rates charged arc : — L i g h t i n g . 9*7 per unit (minimum charge It)/* per month h Domest ic . 3*7 per unit (min imum charge 2/»i per month*. Power . Vul per met and a contract ra te fixed by agreement .

Free service- include the l ight ing o f s t reets , the H o s p i t a l , G o w r n -t . 1 Wharf . Goxcrmii ful olliecs and the Wireless S ta t ion .

jet fS't'-hifff. Approx ima te ly s s j , tons o f ice were manufac tured in the Govern­

ment I c e Fa lory d u r i n g 1931 and o f this amount nearly 81 ton* were retailed to the publ ic at the price o f 1// a lb . ( a s h sales realized £(522. whilst the value o f the ice supplied to Victor ia Hospi ta l and the H e a l t h Depa r tmen t was £ 1 2 9 . T h e total cost to Government* of producing the ice was C427.

ften* rttl. T h e Depa r tmen t also under took the usual mainteuae.ee and repair*4*

of public bui ldings , roads , and Bathurst W ha r f . T h e Motor T rans ­port Service was satisfactorily main ta ined .

1M C o x s T n r c T i o x k t c . ( E x p e n d i t u r e 1*19.201.)

T h e principal works carr ied out d i n i n g the yea r included :—

Vielth'itt Ifos/iifn/, A new W a r d and S to re were built at a cost of £ 1 . 1 0 0 , T h e

W a r d is o f cement-block work and is s i tuated on the sight of an old ward. Accommoda t ion for 24 pa t ien ts is provided.

2 8

Public Health Line*. T w o further blocks of 14 rooms, each with a? verandah biiMk ami

front, were built for the Board of Health at a eost of £L7.*>0.

/W/V," Lia*s. W o r k was complete d on a block consist ing of 10 rooms, with a

\ e r a n d a h on one hide, to enable the Band personnel to be housed it! l i a r racks .

Platers Sho/i. Murine Jteparlua nt. A temporary shel ter wa* erected for the new radial-dr i l l ing, punch­

ing and plate-bending machinery.

A/h»rt Mnrhet, Hathurst. A cooling chamber was provided and the refrigerating plant e rec ted .

Per tu* tif ffrufh/uurfers for (Una miss inner at Kercautu. Xortlt Jhtn! Produce.

A two-storey bu i ld ing iti concrete b lockwork was e rec ted , the upper s torey forming the l iving qua r t e r s , consis t ing of d in ing room, two l a d -rooms, kiosk, front and hack verandahs, and the usual offices. S to rage accommodation was provided in the lower storey, where there is also a g a r a g e . T h e ground floor is of concre te , and the first floor is of t imber* T h e rot4* is covered with boarding and asbestos tiles, and ceil ing- a re panelled in Tento*t sheets . A large t ank was provided for the storage of rain water .

Jtof/al West African Frontier Force llarrniks. Cape St. Mary. A S p a t e Ki t S t o r e was built of cement blocks and a concrete block

laundry building and a Small A n n s Magazine were also erected. F i x e d baths, wi th water supply, were installed in the Bri t ish N o n -Commissioned Officers' quarters.

Office Accommodation. Several room* in the Secretariat compound were converted into

offices for the Land and Audi t Departments and the top storey of the Northern wing into transit c; mrters.

Howl* in linthurst.

T h e principal streets dealt with during the year were : —

Clifton Jtoad—metalled and treated with Spravmex.

Box Bar—embankment across the swamp made into a roadway. Lasso Wharf—Victor ia Embankment , ballasted for vehicular

traffic.

Al len Street—surfaced with laterite.

Spalding Street—surfaced with laterite.

Telegraph Koad*—ballasted.

Wel l ington Street—leading to the Barra Ferry J e t t y surfaced with laterite.

Protectorate Una* Is (Consul illation.)

Trunk A W / Xn. a.

W o r k proceeded accord ing to p rog ramme o n the section Bar ra -IHiasMU AH tin* six eau>eways between Barra and B a n t a n d i n g and the F r e n c h Border were widened and Mirfaccd with laleri te ; the 2 } mile causeway hot ween Da salami and the S u a r r a k u n d a Creek opposi te Ke rewan was laised and widened throughout it< length and stone was collected lor surfacing. T h e Ba Boloug Causeway , 1 \% miles in length , was also improved .

Trunk ItiHul A*o. *.

F r o m Illiassa to Katehang* T e n d a the washouts which occurred d u r i n g the rain> were repaired or tin* road d iver ted . O n the section Konkoha t o the F i c u c h Border ria Sui ideuu, lateri te H o n * was c o l l e c t e d and work was conuneneed on all the ten short causeways when labour became avai lable in December .

Heehnnation Lasso Wharf Area. Ilathnrst.

A p p r o x i m a t e l y £ 3 , 0 0 0 was expended o n reclamat ion, which work was e a r n e d o n par t ly with the object of rel ieving local unemployment . Mud tilling in the Las>o W h a r f A r e a was commenced in F e b r u a r y when n ine ty - two m e n . selected in tu rn by t h e W a r d H e a d s , were em­ployed week ly . Some sand filling was also carr ied o n . Sand was dumped from lorries in the Box Ba r Area for tin* benefit of res idents who q u i c k l y removed it t o fill the i r yaid-s and compounds . A leading H o p p e r was e rec ted on t h e N o r t h foreshore for the rapid filling of lorries employed on this work.

3 0

I'l l APT Kit X I I L . J r s ' i u B A.VO POLICE.

ADM IXI ST It ATI OX OF JU8TICK,

T h e Cour t s in the Colony arc the S u p r e m e Cour t , the Court, of Reques t s , the Bathurs t Pol ice Court and the M o h a m m e d a n Cour t .

Tin* MvlmnOHetlihi t'nnrt was established lit 1 It is presided over bv a Cad i . It has jurisdiction in mat ters exclusively affecting Moham­m e d a n n i t i vc s and relat ing t o c ivi l s ta tus , mar r iage , s u c c e s s i o n , d o n a t i o n s , t e s t a m e n t s and g u a r d i a n s h i p . In p rac t i ce 1 , i t s w o r k \< niainW ronlti ied t o d i v o r c e and d o w r y a m o n g th. 1 M o h a m m e d a n * . T h e p r o c e e d i n g s a r e c o n d u c t e d in M a n d i n g o o r J o l l o t i IMII a s u m m a r i s e d r e c o r d i* m a d e in A r a b i c , A p p e a l lies t o t h e S u p r e m e C o u r t .

7%" / V / V i'**net is u s u a l l y p r e s i d e d o v e r by t h e P o l i c e M a g i s t r a t e . H i s j u r i s d i c t i o n e \ t e i i Is t o t h e s u m m a r y t r i a l ot all o l l / i i ces not a s s i g n e d to t h e S u p r e i n • ( ' o u r ! and In* m a y a l s > b e a r aied d e t e r m i n e s u m m a r i l y t i c a n d c o n n a t e s i l e n c e s w h e r e t he \ a l u e of t h e p r o p e r t y d o c s no! e \ c -d £i>o ;md th.* a c c u s e d will he a d e q u a t e l y p u n i s h e d by i m p r i s o n -i n c c : not e x c e e d i n g >i x m o n t h s . A s s a u l t s and w o u n d i n g a n d in ' ' • * i• >;i o; bodi ly b a r m , not a m o u n t i n g to I 'elouy, m a y a ' so be d«a l i vidi MI umat ily a n d a l ike i m p r i s o n m e n t i m p o s e d . A f u r t h e r e x t e n s i o n of s m m u - i r y j u t isdic:i«.n of t h e Pol ice M a g i s t r a l e is g i v e n bv I m p e r i a l A c t * A d o p t i o n O r d i n a n c e 1031 ( N o . 2 of 15)31 ; wh ich a d o p t -d ////"/• ' / /"• t h e ( ' l u m i n a l •! ns t i ee A c ! I

I his C o u r t m a v a l so be p r e s i d e d o v e r bv t w o o r m o r e J u s t i c e s oi t!:e P e a c e . S e v e r a l K u r o p e a t i s a n d . \ f r i c a u s . b o t h C h r i s l h u i s a n d M c h a m m ' - d u u s . a r e on t h e I• >t oi d u t i ees of t h e P c a ^ e . T h e i r uci .Mlict ion wi th respect to t h e t h e l l s an I c o g n a t e olh n e e - m e n t i o n e d a b o \ e \< l i m b e d lo I V : M ^ w l i r r " t h e va lue of t h e p r o p e r ! \' do-- . no* e x c e e d £ o a n d t h e y h a v e no j u r i s d i c t i n n in c a s e s of a g g r a v a t e d a s s a u l t s .

The J u s t i c c s g e n e r a l l y sit in t h e a b s e n c e of t h e P o l i c e M a g i s t r a t e on l< a v c o r In e a s e of s i c k n e s s . An a p p e a l lies by wav of c a - e s t a l e d t':om t h e p o l i c e C o u r t to (he S u p r e m e C o u r t .

77.'' C o / ' / / i*t' fifrjHt'sfy is a civi l cour t h a v i n g j u r i s d i c t i o n iu a . l c l a i m s u p to 1! id . excej>( m a l i c i o u s p r o s e c u t i o n , l ibe l , s l a n d e r , c r i m i n a l e o u v e r . - a l i ' m . s e d u c t i o n , a n d b r e a c h of p r o m i s e of m a r r i a g e . The cour t m a y he c o n s t i t u t e d by t h e Po l i ce M a g i s t r a t e o r by t w o d u n -m: —ioue:>. T h e p r o c e d u r e is s u m m a r y auU t h e g e n e r a l ob jec t of t in 4

cou r f is t h e co l l ec t ion of s m a l l debts s p e e d i l y a n d c h e a p l y . A n a p p e a l l ies to she S u p r e m o ( ' o t t r t .

7 7 ' ' Stifu'emi* Court is a superior Cour t of Record and has analogous jur isdict ion to tha t of the H i g h Cour t of J u s t i c e iu E n g l a n d . It is const i tu ted by one J u d g e . In addit ion to receiving appeals from the subord ina te cour ts , the J u d g e reviews, tinder the S u m m a r y Review Ord inance , rJI criminal cases tried by these1 cour ts in the1 Colony and the P r o t e c t o r a t e . T h e J u d g e is also empowered to ca r ry out the dut ies of the Police Mag i s t r a t e if necessitv arises.

31

The Colonial Court* i.e. tlu* Supreme Court, the Police Court, the Court of K c q u c s t s ami the Mohammedan Court have* j u r i s d i c t i o n in t l ie P r o t e c t o r a t e as well as in t h e C o l o n y . 'Ihe 1'ratccUirate Courts p r o p e r l y M I ca l l ed a r e t in 1 N a t i v e T r i b u n a l s e s t a b l i s h e d in e a c h elisirict by t h e P r o t e c t o i - a t e O r d i n a n c e , S u c h T r i b u n a l ^ m a v !»c couMit <<;<-d hv t h e ( ' o m m i s s i o n c r < tin* pol i t iea l officer) s i t t i n g a lone or w i th u.ci i\ c m e m b e r s , in which case t h e t r i b u n a l m a y t r y •ummavi lv a!! •» ;i ilu» m o r e se r ious c r i m i n a l o l l ences and m a y impose h o p r i s o m n e h ' :p io t w o y e a r s , W h e n c o n s t i t u t e d hy n a t i v e member.-, m i lv . t h e po-.^as of p u n i s h m e n t a n d t h e j u r i s d i c t i o n a r c r e s t r i c t e d a n d ; h u r dec is ions a r e sub jec t to r ev i ew a n d r e h e a r i n g it n e c e s s a r y hv t h e < 'ommiss ioa T h e e i \ il juris diet ion of t he - c t \ i b u n a Is is t hat of ! he ("oiirt of I le« pa'str­

a n d t h e M o h a m m e d a n ( ' c u r t at H a l h u r s l . e x c e p t tha t when t h e t ' . -m-mi—ioner s i t s the l imit of a m o u n t of ( h u m is e x t e n d e d to i!if• • t». In prac t ice 4 t h i s j u r i s d i c t ion is n e v e r used ; a l l c a s e s of v a l u e a r e b r o u g h t in t h e S u p r e m e C o u r t . N o l a w y e r s c a n a p p e a r be fo re a n a t i v e t r i b u n a l w i thou t t h e spec i a l l eave of t h e J u d g e of t h e S u p r e m e C o u r t or t h e C o m m i s s i o n e r of t h e P r o v i n c e . A n a p p e a l lies in all cases from a tribunal when p r e s i d e d over by t h e C o m m i s s i o n e r to t l ie Supreme* Court.

('aroncrs ('oitrt. A Coroner is a p p o i n t e d for the Colony and is paiel by fees .

I n q u e s t s in the P r o t e c t o V a t e are he ld by the* C o m m i s s i o n e r .

StafK T h e r e 1 a r e erne1 J u d g e , o n e M a g i s t r a t e , t w e n t y J u s t i c e s of t l ie P e a c e

a n d C o m m i s s i o n e r s of t h e C o u r t <d' B e q u e s t s , four e>r more 1 (Commission­e r s , o n e C a d i a n d a p p r o x i m a t e l y t w o h u n d r e d m e m b e r - of n a t i v e t r i b u n a l s . T h e r e is erne1 office for al l the C o l o n i a l C o u r t s w h i c h i> in c h a r g e of a ( l e a k of C o u r t s who k e e p s the 1 r e c o r d s a n d r ece ive s tint s and fees .

J area He Often dew* in Hathurst the P o l i c e M a g i s t r a t e or the J u s t i c e s of the1 Pence are1

empowered te> hold a Juvenile Court. The occasions are rare. The imposition of imprisonment is avoided as far as possible 4 and, w h e n i m p o s e d , special prison arrangements are1 made.

Fines and Probation. Time is practically always given for the payment e>f lines. There?

is no regular probation system with paiel probation officers, but since the* Imperial Acts Adoption Ordinance came into fence, early in 1931 , it has been found possible to apply the principles of the Probation of Offenders A c t 1907 to the weak of the Hathurst Police Court. In the Protectorate, native law and custom operate in the treatment of offenders. Most offences are punished by small tines. Corporal punishment is practically never imposed by any court, Colonial! or Protectorate. With regard to the Protectorate, nil sentences of more than 14 days inprisonment must be served in the Hathurst Gaol.

3 2

Criminal. StutiHlieH for the near 1931.

COMM. Case*. D i a n i b s a K Coau i . i l lu l s ; C o n v i c t i o n s .

S u p r e m e ( ' o u r !

P o l i c e C o u r t

P r o t e c t o r a t e C o u r t s :•

12 1 a c I i

<isl 1 14 10 f)0

>

N o r t h H a n k P r o v i n c e . . . 2 0 2 11 Nil 101

S t m t l i B a n k P r o v i n c e . . . 44.i :ji -H>!>

M a c ( a r t h y I s , P r o v i n c e 4 2 7 4 0

V pp r R i v e r P r o v i n c e . 2 1 1 IS Nil l !»:$

> / / . S u p r e m e C o u r t ;;<; C i l S - ' S

M o h a m m e d a n C o m ! l o o ( \ i l ir t id' R e q u e s t s • » . 1 , 0 0 8 C i l M ' S t

r o L K i ; .

T h e Police* F o r c e is an a r m e d b o d y under t h e c h a r g e of t h e C o m ­m i s s i o n e r of P o l i c e . T h e o t h e r E u r o p e a n Off icers a r e t h e A s s i s t a n t C o m m i s s i o n e r of P o l i c e , t h e S u p e r i n t e n d e n t of P o l i c e a n d t h e B a n d ­m a s t e r . T h e A f r icau p e r s o n n e l c o n s i s t s of a n I n s p e c t o r of P o l i c e , fou r S u n - I n s p e c t o r s a n d 131 o t h e r r a n k s , i n c l u d i n g 20 B a n d p e r s o n n e l .

In a d d i t i o n t o t h e m a i n t e n a n c e id* l a w a n d o r d e r in t h e I s l a n d of S t . M a r y , t h e F o r c e U a l so r e s p o n s i b l e for t h e i s sue of licence*;, t h e c o n t r o l of i m m i g r a t i o n , t h e s u p e r v i s i o n of W e i g h t s a n d M e a s u r e s , t r a t h e c o n t r o l , t i re - t igh t i n g . c o u r t d u t i e s , t h e escor t of c o n v i c t e d p r i s o n e r s f rom t h e P r o t e c t o r a t e t o H a t h u r s t P r i s o n a n d o t h e r m i s c e l l a n e o u s d u t i e s . In t h e P r o t e c t o r a t e , po l i ce d u t i e s a r e n o r m a l l y u n d e r t a k e n b y t h e C o m m i s s i o n e r s w i t h t h e a s s i s t a n t * of C o u r t , M e s s e n g e r s ( k n o w n loca l ly a s B a d g e M e s s e n g e r s ' * ) .

Mainlnwnre of Lair and (*rttta\ 1031 StatfHtics.

Court cases dealt with Prosecutions conducted Convictions obtained Inquest summonses served Warrants executed Summonses and Subpoena* sertcd

filiO

">40 .501

19 Hi

3 0 o

.>«)

/ ssue of Licences, lU-lh Motor Vehic le . . . . . . 2!H

D o g . . . . . . . . . . . . | " 4

F i r e a r m s . . . . . . . . Uii>

D o m e s t i c S e r v a n t . . . . . . . . . o()4

M o t o r D r i v e r . . . . . . . . . 1'NH L i q u o r . . . . . . . . . \ ( \

E n t e r t a i n m e n t . . . . . . . . . 'J4

Traffic dm trot. Control \< main ta ined on weekdays in Hathurst from t! a.m. to <> p.m.

Fitnjrr Print l>"i>a rlnunt. T h i s D e p a r t m e n t , which was organized in 1 9 o l , is adminis tered by

tlie Bandmas te r in addi t ion to Ins o ther dut ies ami sat isfactory progress was m a d e d u r i n g the yea r .

HY///Ids awl Measures, a re deal t with in C h a p t e r X I .

Relations icith the Public. ( iood relat ions were mainta ined th roughout tin* y e a r .

Training. Being an armed force, instruct ion based on mil i tary principles is

included in the syl labus o f t r a in ing . T h e following subjects a re included in tin* regu la r courses of instruct ion : —

L a w and general police du t ies . F i r e dril l . Physical t ra in ing. M uskc t ry .

Health.

The 1 heal th ol tin* Force d u r i n g l!h*>l was good.

Itund. T h e public concer t s given twice weekly were g rea t ly apprec ia ted by

the inhabi tan t s of Hathurs t . Fl t lSOX,

In the ( i a inb ia the re is only one prison which is s i tua ted on S t , M a r y ' s Island in a good position. T h e bui ldings, which were former­ly u s e d as an isolation hospital , were conver ted into a prison in 1 9 2 0 . T h e y are of s o l i d const ruct ion, well vent i la ted and are provided with electr ic light and pipe-borne water supply . Accommoda t ion is avai lable for lot) prisoners and consists o f three Associa t ion W a r d s , five solitarv confinement cells, an iufirmarv, cook-house, stores and out-houses . T h e W a r d e r s are accommodated (dose t o the Pr i son .

StUp. .... ; T h e start consists of the Inspec to r of Prison* (whoso du t i e s a r e

performed hv the Commissioner of Po l i ce ) , an Afr ican Chief W a r d e r and nineteen o the r Afr ican warders .

Health. T h e Prison is visited dai ly by a Medical Officer. T h e heal th of

the prisoners du r ing 1931 was good, the dai ly ave rage number of sick be ing 1.22, or 1.57 per cent of the ave rage daily number in the prison.

Yisitimj Committee. T h e Prison is visited regular ly by a commit tee appo in ted by the

Gove rno r . T h e present C o m m i t t e e consists of the Senior Medical Officer, the senior Af r i can Unofficial Member of Legis la t ive Counci l and the L a u d Officer. In addi t ion , all the J u s t i c e s of the Peace h a v i n g jur isdic t ion in Hathurs t m a y , when they so des i re , inspect t in 1

Prison and examine the condit ion of the p r i s one r s

durante Offenders. O n tin? very rare occasions that juveniles are commi t t ed to Prison

they a.o given separa te accommodat ion and a re not allowed to associate with adult cr iminals .

Female Prisotters. Very few females a re commit ted to prison. S e p a r a t e accommoda­

tion is provided for such prisoners and they a rc placed in cha rge of the Prison Mat ron .

limfdof/tnent of Prisoner*. in addi t ion to the o rd ina ry rout ine work of c leaning , cooking, e tc . ,

the prisoners tire also employed on minor public; works t inder the super­vision of W a r d e r s . A garden is mainta ined by prison labour a n d , d u r i n g 1931 , 7 ,422 lbs . of vegetables were raised for consumpt ion by t h e prisoners .

Prison Offences. T h e discipline d u r i n g 11)31 was good, only seven offences be ing

recorded. Seven prisoner* escaped and of these th ree prisoners art* still a t large .

Admissions and Discharges. D u r i n g the y e a r 1931 the admissions totalled 698 and the d i scharges

(>28. T h e ave rage dai ly n u m b e r of pr isoners was 77 ,5 .

C l I A l ' T K K X I V . I J K U I H L A T I O N .

D i n i n g 1931 the following Legis la t ion win* e n a c t e d ; —

Ordinance*;—

1 . T i t o E u r o p e a n Officers' Pension ( A m e n d m e n t ) O r d i n a n c e . 2. T h e Imper ia l A c t s A d o p t i o n O r d i n a n c e . 3 . T h e I n t e s t a t e E s t a t e s ( A n i e n d m e i i t ) O r d i n a n c e . 4. T h e U r b a n D i s t r i c t and P u b l i c H e a l t h ( A m e n d m e n t ;

< ) r d i n a u c c . o . T h e C i n e m a t o g r a p h O r d i n a n c e . t>. T h e S u p p l e m e n t a r y A p p r o p r i a t i o n O r d i n a n c e . 7. T h e P u b l i c Officers" P e n s i o n ( A m e n d m e n t ) O r d i n a n c e . 5 . T h e R e g h t r a t i o n a n d L icens ing of D o m e s t i c S e r v a n t s

( A m e n d m e n t ) ( ) r d i n a n c c . 9 . T h e T o w n of H a t l u u s t ( A m e n d m c n t ) O r d i n a n c e .

1 0 , T h e P r o t e c t o r a t e ( A m e n d m e n t ) O r d i n a n c e . 1 I . T h e Public* H o l i d a y s ( A m e n d m e n t ) O r d i n a n c e . 1 2 . T h e S t a m p < h d i u a n o e , 1 3 . T h e A p p r o p r i a t i o n O r d i n a n c e . H . T h e P a s s p o r t s ( A m e n d m e n t ) O r d i n a n c e . 1 5 . T h e I n t e r p r e t a t i o n ( A m e n d m e n t ) O r d i n a n c e . P i . T h e C u s t o m s T a r i l l ( A m e n d m e n t ) O r d i n a n c e .

T h e OUIN O r d i n a n c e s wh ich cal l for a n y c o m m e n t a r c : —

( 1 ) T h e S t a m p O r d i n a n c e , w h i c h i m p o s e d S l a m ) ) d u t i e s on v a r i o u s i n s t r u m e n t s a n d w h i c h fol lows t h e l ines of S t a m p O r d i n a n c e s in force e l s e w h e r e . H i t h e r t o then* h a v e b e e n no s t a m p d u t i e s in t l ie C o l o n y .

( 2 » T h e C u s t o m s Tariff ( A m e n d m e n t ) ( ) r d i n a i i c c p r o v i d i n g for t h e levying of expo r t d u t y on all goods e tc . , expor ted from the C o l o n y i rrespect ive of whelher t h o s e goods are or are not the produce or manufac tu res of the Colony .

T h e s u b s i d i a r y l e g i s l a t i o n was as fol lows:—

Hule* and Heijnlntions:—

1 . T h e Immigra t ion Rest r ic t ion Regula t ion* . 2 . T h e Educa t ion ( A m e n d m e n t ) Ru les . 3 . T h e Pol ice Regu la t ions . 4. Tin? E u r o p e a n Officers' Pens ions R e g u l a t i o n s . 5 t T h e Pub l i c Officers* Pens ions Regu la t ions . fi. T h e A m e n d i n g R u l e s of the S u p r e m o C o u r t . 7. T h e Eu ropean Officers' Pens ions ( N o . 2 ) R e g u l a t i o n s . 8 . T h e Postal Regula t ions . !>. T h e Hathurs t M a r k e t Regu la t i ons .

10. T h e W e i g h t s and Measures Regu la t ions . 11. T h e Quarantine Regu la t i ons . 12. T h e Publ ic H e a l t h Regu la t ions , 13. T h e Klectrie L i g h t Regu la t ions , 14. T h e Publ ic Hea l t h ( N o . 2 ) Regula t ions . l o . T h e Town of Ba thurs t ( B u i l d i n g ) Regu la t i ons .

Orders :—

No. 1, made under section 12 of the Cus toms TarilV Ord inance 1 !>24 e x e m p t i n g wireless receiving sets and wireless com­ponent par t s o ther than electric ba t te r ies from import d u t y .

Nos . (J and 12, made under section 12 of the* Ds.ugerous D r u g s Ord inance 192S dec lar ing I) i- l iydro-nior phinouc and its sal ts and any prepara t ion , a d m i x t u r e e tc . conta in ing any p r o ­portion of it and also the salts of I ) i -hydro-codcinonc to he dangerous d rugs .

No- h, made under section 12 of tin* Cus toms Tariff Ord inance 1!)24 imposing import dut ies on various impor ted goods e tc . ami ainenc'ing and otherwise a l t e r ing the exis t ing rales of d u t y on imported goods.

N o , J), made under section of the Cus toms (Conso l ida t ion) Ord inance l!Mti, prohibiting- tin; importa t ion of ' 'Kiev ' R o c k e t 1 S h o t g u n C a r t r i d g e s " .

N o . 1U, made under section 12 tof the Cus toms Tariff' O rd inance , 1 !>24 reducing the expor t dwty on g roundnu t s from £ I to 10/- per ton.

N o . 14, made under section 3!> of the Cus toms (Conso l ida t ion) Ord inance It) Hi. al lowing the importat ion of left-hand dr ive motor vehicles.

N o , B>. made under section 12 of the Cus toms Tariff* Ord inance , 1!)24. e x e m p t i n g ' 'Book*, s ta t ionery ami a p p a r a t u s general ly for the use of educat ional es tabl ishments , and a r t i ' d o requi r ­ed for outdoor games intended exclusively for the use of such e s t ab l i shmen t s" from im] n i l d u t y .

Jlj/e fjnrs:— Nos. 1 \- 2 of IJW1, made by the Nav iga t ion and P i lo t soe Hoard,

T h e r e is no legislating in the ( i ambia deal ing with f a c t o r i e s com­pensat ion for accidents or provision for sicknos>. old age e tc .

3 7

ClIAl'TKIt X V . l ' l IU.IC FlN'AXCK AND TAXATION'.

lie renin tux I K.r/tmttiftfre. The Revenue nml Expenditure during the. hist ten venr> were :—

Y k a i j . H R . v K x n . . K x i m : x i h h i :

1922 £ 2 4 3 , 0 0 3 £ 2 5 2 . 4 1 9 l 923 2 2 9 , 0 * 8 2 1 1 . 3 1 7 1924 2n8,oi3 2O3.035

1 S« |J IK«i 27I.K30 1920 214 ,1*1 213 .643 1927 2 5 2 . 4 1 9 277 .025 1 92>» 255 ,3*5 25O.590 1929 2 3 5 , 2 0 5 2SJ»..'>ihi l wo 210.739 2 5 3 . 2 2 * 193 1 1 8 4 . 8 2 5 227.4*7

T h e on ly D r i l l o u t s t a n d i n g is t h e s m a l l b a l a n c e of tlie- L o a n t o t h e C o l o n y f rom t h e W e s t A f r i c a n C t u r c n e y H o a r d in c o n n e x i o n wi th t h r d e m o n e t i z a t i o n of t h e F r e n c h l i v e - f r a n c p i e c e s . O f t h e loan ol 4 ' l N 7 , s 0 : . w h i c h w a s m a d e iu 1 £ 1 S 2 J M h a s now hecti r e p a i d . Assets.

(ft) S u r p l u s of A s s e t s o v e r L i a b i l i t i e s on ;51st D e e e m h e r 10,11 . . . £ < i 4 . 0 O S

(A) R e s e r v e F i m d . . . . . . . . . o l . M < > t > ) S t e a m e r D e p r e c i a t i o n F i n a l . . . . . . 10J>2.'5

Outstanding C u r r e n c y Hoard Loan and Interes t nS'O;)

T o t a l Asse ts . . . £ 1 2 0 . * 7 S

Tin* main sources of R e v e n u e from T a x a t i o n with t h e y i e l d for the last five vears were as follows : —

l tf l i l . lO.'JO. 1020. 1028. 1027. Custom* Jm/iorf

A d - V a l o r e m : — £ 7 , 5 2 2 £ 1 2 . 5 0 9 £ 1 4 . 5 1 0 £ 3 3 , 7 0 0 £ 2 0 , 7 9 7 Speeih'e : —

Kola Nut* 2 2 . 3 1 9 2 4 . 4 7 1 2 4 , 1 ) 7 3 3 1 , 2 1 0 4 4 . 7 9 5 K<ro.»oi)«! iS: Pet ro leum 2 , 0 7 8 4 . 2 1 ) 1 3 . 4 0 9 4 , 0 0 7 3 . 1 5 8 Soap 4 5 1 712 0 4 0 1 ,253 8 9 0 Spir i ts 2 . 5 8 7 4 , 9 1 1 4 . 8 5 0 0,990 5 . 5 8 2 ToImUVO 9 .954 1 1 . 4 9 2 1 2 . 2 0 4 12 ,840 1 7 , 3 4 7 Wines 2 . 0 8 0 2.X40 2 . 7 7 0 4 , 4 4 7 3 , 7 0 3 (>ther Ar t i c l e s 7 , 5 0 3 3 . 5 5 3 4 , 3 3 2 7 ,021 5 , 4 1 4

Pa 1 vol Post 5 7 2 8 3 ! ) 837 8 1 1 ) 7 9 9 ( 'iisfn)HM K.ffHH't

huht. ( J i o i m d - N u t s 00 ,321 7 4 . 3 0 9 55 , 733 73,809 6 4 . 3 4 2

T,,l'li , ' " x ' W s £ 1 2 1 , 9 8 7 £ 1 3 9 , 9 2 7 X I 2 4 , 3 9 6 X I 7 7 . 3 0 8 £ . 7 2 . 8 8 7

Port Due* 2 ,959 4 , 042 4,.".53 5,049 4 , 6 0 8 Yard T a x 10 ,179 11 ,073 11 ,005 7,005 7 ,039

3H

TOTAL CI39,306 £161,041) £146 ,532 £196 .003 £102 ,149

D u r i n g the yenr si New Turin* Ordinance WHS enacted imposing <lutic* on certain articles, wliicli were formerly dutv-frce, ami inereas-

* •

ing the ra tes on certain other ar t ic les . The present Tariff levies an Je*)*itlomH duty of 10 per cent on all ar t ic les not otherwise exempt or subject to a speeilie ra te of du ty , with the except ion that an .?f-ritlnrvm du tv of 2 i p e r c e n t is levied on Aircraf t and accessories and on manufac tured Cot ton (Joods of 15 per cent .

T h e principal art icles on which a Specific d u t y is levied tit the r a t t s shew-: against them, a r e a s follows : — Hags and sacks ( e m p t y ) 5/- per 100; Heads (o the r than Cora l ) <!</ per g r o - s ; Heers I /- per Imperial ( Ja l lon: Camlles iij- per KlOlhs : Cement X'/ per 11 is: Cor ruga ted iron sheets £ l . I 2 . 0 per ton: Kola nuts -b ' p>r lb: L ime 2 / - per ton: Motor Cars £ 5 each ; Motor Cycles 1* 1 each: Hicyclcs K b - e a c h : Matches 2 / - per g ross : Oils . Kerosene 4 ' / p«i- Imperial < ial lon: Motor Spir . l 4</ per Imperia l ( i a l lon : P a i n t s and Colours ;{/- per 1(H) lhs: Rice 2/- per C w t : Salt l / - p e r C w i : Soap. Toilet 4 / - per KM) Ihs: Soap (o ther than Toi le t ) 4/* per C w t : Pot a hie Spi r i t s 2o/- per Imperial ( i a l lon : Per fumed Spirit H>/- per Imperial ( Ja l lon : Twine 1<i/- per C w t ; T o b a c c o . Unmanufac tu red 1/-per lb; C iga r s ."#/- per lb ; C igare t t e s I/- per 1 0 0 ; Cigare t t e s of unusual s i z e per lb ; O t h e r manufac tured tobacco and snuff l/- per lb ; Wines , spa rk l ing «">/- per Imperial ( ia l lon, still, in hulk in packages of not less than 20 Imperial ( ia l lons per ( ia l lon . in bott les or o ther packages less than 20 Imperial ( ia l lons .)/- per ( i a l lon ; W o o d and T i m b e r , undressed £ 1 per 1.000 sup . ft., d i e t e d £ 1 : 1 : 0 per L 0 0 0 sup. ft.

/Orisr uad Stamp duties. There arc no Excise Dut ies . U p to the end of 1931 no Stamp Duties have been imposed but under

the Stamp Ordinance, No . 12 of 1 9 3 1 , which came into operation on the I4 th January 1932 , provision is made for charging Stamp Dut ies in

respect of certain instruments, the principal items b e i n g : —

Admission as a Barrister, Solicitor or Notary Publ ic Agreement or Memorandum of Agreement not otherwise charged A w a r d — O v e r £ l ( ) to £ 5 0

„ £ 5 0 to £ 1 0 0 Every additional £ 5 0 or part thereof Hill of Exchange—Payab le on demand etc.

Others not exceeding £ 1 0 Over £ 1 0 to £ 2 5 Every additional £ 2 5 or part thereof

Hills of Lading or Receipt for goods <Kre. to be carried bevond the Gambia

£10 0 0

0 0 (i

0 0 6 0 1 0 0 0 o •> 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 <)

0 0 (i

0 0 3

L l m L . / 2 ' 3 6 ° 3 ' 4 l : * 3 ' 6 0 2 4 ' 6 6 4 4 ' 7 * 7

Other Licence* Liquor & Motor 1,011 2,.>94 2,»54 2,7.*>8 2,22* f u r etc.

3i>

Bonds for payment of any sum not exceeding £ 1 0 0 0 5 0 Every additional £ 2 5 or part thereof 0 1 0

Bonds of Indemnity etc. not for a specified sum 0 5 0 Conveyances and other Assignments of Property

For every £ 2 5 or part thereof . . . 0 I 0 Leases and Agreements for leases for tenancy or occupancy

of any lauds or buildings annual rental not exceeding £ 1 0 ' . . . . . . . . . 0 0 ti

Over £10 to £ 2 0 . . . 0 1 0 £ 2 0 ., £ 5 0 . . . 0 2 0

„ £ 5 0 £ i o o . . . o :\ o Kvery additional £ 5 0 or part thereof 0 2 0

Notarial Act of anv kind whatever . . . 0 1 0

Powers of Attornev . . . . . . 0 5 0

Receipt for payment of £ 2 or upwards . . . 0 0 2

(loverument is exempt in eases where a private* concern would he liable for payment of duty; cither exemptions include receipts for salaries and allowances and certain hanking transactions.

Yard 7W,r.

Under the Protectorate Ordinance the following scab; of Ya .d T a x is imposed :—

(a) For every yard containing not more than 4 Huts or Houses . . . . . . . . . 4 / -

( b ) For every additional l i n t or House in the Yard 1/-

( c ) For every person residing iu a yard other than a member of the family of owner or occupier . . . 2 / -

(d) For every person residing in a yard who is not a member of the family of the owner or occupier and who cultivates public land . . . . . . 6/-

The Revenue from which during the last five years has been as f o l l o w s : —

£ 1927 . . . . . . . . . 7,639 1928 . . . . . . . . 7,065 1929 . . . . . . . . . 11,666 1930 . . . . . . . . . 11,073 1631 . . . . . . . . . 10,179

This tax is collected by the Commissioners with the a distance of Chiefs, the latter receiving a percentage of the tax.

10

( ' l i A i * r X V I LAXO AXO S I K Y K Y .

T h e Land and S u n e v D e p a r t m e n t carr ies nut surveys of the townships in t l ie P ro t ec to r a t e were plots a re leased for t r ad ing pur­poses. Indiv idual p l o t s in t l ie P r o t e c t o r a t e and Ba thu r s t are also surveyed when appl ied for and the necessary plans and deeds are p repa red .

Var ious other surveys are made a* required by < io \ eminent and miscellaneous dut ies a re carried out in regard to lands a l ready leased, the revision and prepara t ion of plans, valuat ion* nl proper t ies and the assessment of ra tes for the Town of Ba thur s t e te .

G r a n t s and Leases of land in the Colony and P ro t ec to ra t e are regula ted by the te rms of the Publ ic L a u d s ( G r a n t s and Disposi t ions) Ord inance N o . .j of li>02.

Freehold g r a n t s a re now seldom made and then only in excep­tional c i rcumstances . T h e present prac t ice is t o grant leases e i ther from yea r t o year or for periods not exceed ing 21 years .

P lo t s at the various t r ad ing cen t re s , or W h a r f T o w n s as they an* cal led, where g round-nu t s arc collected for expor t , a re leased at a rental va ry ing from £ 2 to £4 per 1 ,000 square ya rds accord ing to s i tua t ion . T h e area of these plots is l imited in ordinary c i rcumstances to 6 , 000 are va rds .

T in 4 whole of the town of Hathurs t as now laid out has been gran ted c i the r in fee simple or under lease*. R e n t s of plots leased by G o v e r n ­men t in Hathurs t vary from 10/- per 1 ,000 square feet for plots in residental a reas to £ 2 . 10. 0. per 1 ,000 square feet for plots a long the r iver front leased for commercial purposes .

N o concessions of lands for the explora t ion of minerals or o ther purposes a re in exis tence ,

R e n l s collected by G o v e r n m e n t on public lands in Hathurst and the P r o t e c t o r a t e and ra tes on proper t ies in Ha thurs t amounted t o £ 8 , 2 1 2 for the yea r 1931 , \yhilst £ 2 9 9 were received in respect of fees for sub le t t ing and surveys , fn 1 9 3 0 the rents and ra tes amounted to £ 8 , 2 0 4 and the fees for suble t t ing and surveys to £ 2 0 7 . E x p e n ­d i t u r e amounted to £ 2 , K M in 1931 a s compared with £ 2 , L 2 8 in 1930 .

Activities duriihj 1031:— The, p r i n c i p a l act ivi t ies of the D e p a r t m e n t were :

Surreys.' In addi t ion to the survey of p lo t s required lor t r ad ing purposes at

var ious wharf towns in tin 1 P ro tec to ra te the following surveys w e r e also made : —

T h e aeroplane landing-ground at ( ' ape S t . M a r y .

T h e town of d a w a r r a .

Wul i Agr icu l tu ra l S t a t i on ,

4 1

Maps and P/ans.

O v e r 3 0 0 plains were prepared in audi t ion to the revision and *ut» pr in t ing of ex i s t ing plans . A map was made showing roads in the ( Jamhia and adjacent terr i tories and another of t h e Komho roads system, T h e map of the (Jamhia wa> revised in narr for pr in t ing in E n g l a n d .

t.irants and Leases.

N i n e t y - t h r e e g ran t s and l eaner were prepared.

Hates Assessment ; liathnrsi <

T h e H a t i n g Eis t for 1 9 3 1 was completed early *n the year and tha t for 1 9 3 2 was prepared . In connexion with t h e h i t t e r some o .50 p r o p e r t i e s w e r e v i s i ted and assessed ,

4 2

A P P E N D I X .

Tli" f«»1lmvin«r n'o tlio n ihe ip 'e firms cur.yinjj on a grin in 1 import and export trade in tlm Gambia:—

N a m e . A d W A M ? c ; * r

K " r o P °

U n i t e d A f r i c a Co . L t d . Wel l ington Street Afr ica House , K ingsway ,

London . W . C . 2 .

L e Commerce A f r i e a i n do. ^ Cours de

( i o u o j u e , Bordeaux .

C o o i p a g n i c F ranca i s e dc do . ;J2, ( / o u r s P i e r r e

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EM PI RE M A R K E T I N G B O A R D PUBLICATIONS.

Note on the work of tho Board and Statement of Research and other Grunts unproved by the Secretary of Statu from July, 1926, to March, 1931. Cmd. 3914. '.Hi. (10d.).

The Growing Dependence of British Industry upon Empire Markets. December, 1929. (E.M.B. 23.) la. (1*. Id.).

Insect Infestation of Stored Cacao. December, 1929. (E.M.B. 21) is. oU (Is. 8d.).

British Industries and Empire Markets. March, 1930. (E.M.B. 20.) Is. ils. 2d.).

Canadian Fruit Shipments. Report of an investigation into tho Deterioration in Transit of Imported Canadian Fruit, 1927-29. June, 1930. (E.M.B. 30.) 1*. (Is. 2d.).

The Production of Tung Oil in tho Empire. June, 1930. (E.M.B. 31.) l.s.ds. Id.).

Report on the Cultivation, Treatment and Prospects of R ice in British Guiana. (E.M.B. 32.) U. (la. 3d.).

The Dissemination of Research Results among Agricultural Producers. (E.M.B. 33.) Is. (Is. 4d.).

The Demand for Empire Butter. (E.M.B. 34.) Is. (Is. 2d.). The Relative Values of Cod Liver Oils from various sources.

(E.M.B. 35.) Is. (Is. id.). The Behaviour and Diseases of the Banana in Storage and Trans­

port. (E.M.B.36.) Is. (Is. 3d.), The Demand for Canned Fruits. (E.M.B. 37.) Is. (Is. 2d.)! Report of Proceedings of the Imperial Wool Research Conference,

1930. Is. (Is. 3d.). Fruit Supplies in lQ30. (E.M.B. 38.) Is. (Is. 3d.). Changes in the Demand for Butter. (E.M.B. 39.) Is. (Is. Id.). Report on Development of Agriculture in the Bahamas. (E.M.B. 10.)

Is. (Is. 2d.). Empire Marketing Board. May, 1930, to May, 1931. (E.M.B. 41.)

Is. (Is. 3d.). A Preliminary Report on an investigation into the Control of

West Indian Insect Pests. (E.M.B. 42.) Is. (Is. 5d.). Recent Advances in Pasture Management (E.M.B. 43.) Is. (Is. 2d.). Dairy Research. (E.M.B. 44.) Is. (Is. 2d.). Transport and Storage of Bananas with special reference to Chilling.

(E.M.B.46.) Is. (Is 2d.). British Empire Hardwoods from the point of view of Turnery. 2». (2s. 2d.). Wool Quality: A Study of the Influence of various contributory

factors, their significance and the technique of their measurement. Cloth. £1 U ( £ l is. 9d.).

Australian and New Zealand Fruit Shipments. Report of an inves­tigation into the deterioration in transit of Imported Australian and New Zeuland Fruit, 1927-30. (E.M.B 46.) Is. (Is. 2d.).

Banana Breeding at the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture. (E.M.B. 47.) Is. (Is. 2d.).

Imperial Sugar Cane Research Conference, 1931. Report of Pro­ceedings. 2s. 6d. (2s. lid.).

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