Annual Environmental, Health and Safety International …€¦ · Annual Environmental, Health and...
Transcript of Annual Environmental, Health and Safety International …€¦ · Annual Environmental, Health and...
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Annual Environmental, Health and Safety International
Communications Conference
Santa Rosa, CA ◊ September 12, 2012
Kristine Davies
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Boiler NESHAP for Area Sources – Subpart JJJJJJ: Brief Overview of Proposed Changes
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Boiler NESHAP History (Brief) ˃ December 23, 2011 – Reconsidered rule proposal
published ˃ No Action Assurance letters issued by EPA
v February 7, 2012 – EPA assures no action on notification deadlines contained in the Boiler MACT (major sources) ♦ Does not apply to area sources ♦ Notifications for area sources were due in 2011
v March 13, 2012 – EPA assures no action on requirement in the area source rule to conduct a tune-up by March 21, 2012
v July 18, 2012 – EPA extends March 13th memo to include deadline for Notification of Compliance Status for initial
v Letters expire December 31, 2012 or effective date of final rule, whichever comes first
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Applicability Changes
˃ Added temporary boilers to exemption list (consistent with major source rule)
˃ Added residential and electric boiler exemption
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Tune-Ups ˃ Existing Boilers
v Two years to demonstrate initial compliance for tune-ups
v Will be due March 21, 2013
˃ Seasonally Operated Boilers v New subcategory
v Tune-up every 5 years
˃ Oil-Fired Boilers < 5 MMBtu/hr v Tune-up every 5 years instead of biennially
˃ New Boilers v Not required to complete initial tune-up at initial start-up
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Definitions
˃ Period of natural gas curtailment or supply interruption v Now includes on-site emergencies v Includes any gaseous fuel (not just natural
gas)
˃ Hot water heater v Now includes any hot water boiler < 1.6
MMBtu/hr
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Other Updates
˃ Emission Limits v Hg and CO limits for coal-fired units revised
˃ Monitoring v Allowance for CO continuous emission
monitor instead of stack testing
˃ Various Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements
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Engine Rule Updates – NSPS and NESHAP
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RICE Update – Current Rules
˃ 40 CFR Part 63 Subpart ZZZZ (RICE NESHAP) v Can still be considered emergency if operates
no more than 15 hours in Emergency Demand Response (EDR) program
˃ 40 CFR Part 60 Subparts IIII and JJJJ (NSPS for Compression and Spark Ignition Engines) v Participation in any DR program, including EDR,
triggers non-emergency standards
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RICE Update – Proposed Rules ˃ Proposed Amendments Published June 7, 2012
v Allows participation in EDR program up to 100 hours per year ♦ Included in 100 hours allowed for testing and maintenance
v Emergency engines at area sources can participate in non-emergency (peak shaving) up to 50 hrs/year through 4/16/2017 ♦ Included in 100 hours allowed for testing and maintenance
v Added compliance options for certain sources
v Public hearing – July 10, 2012
v Comments were due – August 9, 2012
v Final Expected by December 14, 2012 ♦ Per Settlement Agreement
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Air Dispersion Modeling 101
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Presentation Goal
Dispersion Model
Permit Limits/Regulation Changes Design Modifications
Emissions Location Meteorology
Develop basic understanding of modeling concepts to reduce “black box” of modeling
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Purpose of Dispersion Modeling
Emissions
Ground-Level Concentrations
Compare to Standards/ Guidelines
Dispersion Modeling Establish
Stack Design
OR
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When Is Modeling Needed?
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When is Modeling Required?
Air Quality Permitting Air Quality Planning
Federal State
Impact Analysis
PSD Review
State Implementation Plan
Rulemaking
* For projects that do not trigger a Federal review, modeling for criteria pollutants (NAAQS) may be requested by State or County agency
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What Do Some Of The Acronyms And Terms Mean?
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Modeling Definitions – Ambient Air (1 of 6)
˃ Ambient Air v The portion of the atmosphere, external to
buildings, to which the general public has access [40 CFR Part 50.1 (e)]
v In General ♦ Any location at or beyond the fence line of the facility ♦ Fence line must restrict public access by a continuous
physical barrier, such as a fence or a wall ♦ If plant property is accessible to the public or if any
residence is located within the restricted area, receptors should be located on-property
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Receptors
Fence Line
Structures
Emission Source
Modeling Definitions – General (2 of 6)
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Modeling Definitions - Downwash (3 of 6)
In about 80% of all modeling cases, maximum concentrations occur at receptors affected by downwash
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˃ Good Engineering Practice (GEP) Stack Height ˃ GEP – The stack height at which building downwash no longer
occurs ˃ GEP = Maximum of 65 meters or Hb + 1.5L
v Hb = height of building v MPW = Maximum projected width of building v L is the lesser of Hb and the maximum projected width (MPW)
˃ Cannot model a stack higher than GEP
Modeling Definitions – GEP (4 of 6)
1,21
5 ft
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Modeling Definitions – Other Parameters (5 of 6)
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Modeling Definitions –Background (6 of 6)
˃ Background Concentration v Often required to determine the total ambient pollutant
concentration
v Includes sources not considered in modeling (e.g. vehicles, etc.)
v Obtained from ambient air monitoring data recorded at monitoring sites in the area
u Generally selected based on: ♦ Proximity of the monitoring site to the proposed source ♦ Age and completeness of the available monitoring data
v New 1-hour standards have more refined guidance on pairing background concentration
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NAAQS Modeling Definitions (1 of 4)
˃ Significance Analysis – Determining if new project has a “significant impact”
˃ SIL – Significant Impact Level
PM10 24-hour SIL = 5 ug/m3
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NAAQS Modeling Definitions (2 of 4)
˃ ROI = Radius of Impact
˃ SIA = Significant Impact Area = ROI + 50 km
ROI = 3 km
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NAAQS Modeling Definitions (3 of 4)
˃ Regional source inventory
SIA
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NAAQS Modeling Definitions (4 of 4)
˃ Model New Project + Regional source inventory
˃ Impact + background should be < NAAQS
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What Are The Critical Inputs To The Models?
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˃ Wind speed and direction
Critical Inputs – Meteorology (1 of 6)
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Critical Inputs – Meteorology (2 of 6)
˃ Turbulence and stability
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˃ Mixing height
Critical Inputs – Meteorology (3 of 6)
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Critical Inputs – Landuse (4 of 6)
Urban Urban
Desert Shrubland
Desert Shrubland
˃ Used to be performed manually
˃ Now performed using AERSURFACE
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Critical Inputs – Elevations (5 of 6)
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˃ Stack location ˃ Horizontal/obstructed release ˃ Inside stack-tip diameter ˃ Exit velocity or flow rate (ACFM) ˃ Exit temperature ˃ Height above grade ˃ Pollutant and emission rate ˃ Other source types not typically
relevant to communications industry
Critical Inputs – Point Sources (6 of 6)
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˃ Obtain and process representative meteorological data
˃ Develop or obtain a site plan (sources, structures, boundary)
˃ Characterize emission sources (area, volume, point, etc.)
˃ Define modeling domain, receptor locations, and obtain/process terrain elevation data
˃ Input building data and obtain downwash information
˃ Develop model input files and select processing options
˃ Run model and analyze results
Typical Modeling Procedures
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40 CFR Appendix W Air Models
˃ AERSCREEN (formerly SCREEN3) v Fast, conservative “screening model”
v Typically used for small projects
˃ AERMOD v Short range regulatory model (< 50 km)
v Run by applicant
˃ CALPUFF v For visibility and long-range impacts
v Run by applicant
v Usually for Federal projects only
Complexity
Cost
Time
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What Additional Things Should I Consider?
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˃ Be aware of local ordinances and other requirements v Many states require vertical, unobstructed stacks for
engines in order to achieve good air dispersion v Is there a minimum or maximum stack height requirement?
♦ Philadelphia historic district restricts stack height due to historic nature of building
– Could affect air dispersion if modeling is required!
♦ Massachusetts minimum stack height for certain emergency generators
– Must avoid locations subject to downwash – Minimum stack height of 10 feet or 1.5 times height of building
on which stack is located – Must not violate air quality standards (usually addressed during
permitting)
v Modeling can be key to addressing these issues
Additional Considerations (1 of 3)
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˃ Sensitive Receptors v Homes v Schools v Daycare centers v Endangered species habitat
˃ Some Agencies Take It Further (MADEP) v People v Windows and doors that open v Building fresh air intakes
Additional Considerations (2 of 3)
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˃ Sensitive Receptors (con’t.)
v State may have rules for installing and/or permitting near sensitive receptors
v Agency may claim there are Environmental Justice-type issues that need to be addressed
v May be able to use emissions and operating data as well as modeling to address these issues
Additional Considerations (3 of 3)
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Questions?