Announcements Tonight: HW #2 (IRB certificate) due at 11:59pm. Tomorrow: Project proposal: part 3...
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Transcript of Announcements Tonight: HW #2 (IRB certificate) due at 11:59pm. Tomorrow: Project proposal: part 3...
Announcements
• Tonight: HW #2 (IRB certificate) due at 11:59pm.
• Tomorrow: Project proposal: part 3 due at 11:59pm.
• Read (‘07) all of Ch 3 except omit 3.3.2 and 3.3.3.
1
Cognition
• What goes on in our heads when we carry out activities (eg, use UIs)?
• Book:– attention, perception, memory, learning,
speaking/reading/listening, problem-solving/reasoning
Structure of memory
• Short term memory (STM)– a.k.a primary or active memory– Order of seconds– 7+2 items
• Long term memory (LTM)– Everything else. – Mostly when we say “memory”, we mean
LTM.– Unlimited capacity
Recognition and Recall
• Money activity #1• GUI strength: emphasize recognition over
recall.– But usually slowed down by need for visual
scan in GUIs.
People storing/retrieving knowledge
• Declarative knowledge– Includes facts and events
E.g., NYC is north of Miami.
E.g., four people brought a laptop to the lecture
E.g., To get key out of ignition, car must be in “park”.
– Easy to teach.• Procedural knowledge
– For how to do thingsE.g., How to spin a basketball on 1 finger
– Best taught by demo, learned by practice.
Encoding and (lack of) precision
• How we encode affects – what we retrieve (recall or recognize) and – how we retrieve
• Money activity #2
Encoding (cont.)
• Retrieval– E.g., cross words puzzles
• So, reduce and/or facilitate encoding:– Constraints reduce encoding needed.– Support external cognition (stay tuned) to
remove need to encode.• eg: Excel’s arrows make dependencies explicit.
– Provide users a variety of ways to encode (eg, color, flagging, position).• eg: forgot filename, but it’s the red folder.
Case study
• The Microsoft Office (past) rearranging of menus due to recency.– Think about chunking/grouping– Think about imprecision of encoding.– What will do if don’t see what you want?
• Does this mean “most recent” is always a bad idea in a UI?
Encoding (cont.)
• Different amount of encoding needed for:– Remembering a bunch of arbitrary things.– Remembering things with meaningful
relationships.• Hotel is on north side of town.
– “Remembering” things that can be derived.• Tied to “mental models” (stay tuned).
Implications for your Project
• Think about user’s memory a lot.– Quiz system content eg: have I used a question
much like this on an earlier quiz?– Quiz system UI mechanism eg: how do I print out
the answer key to the quiz?– Your project examples?
• How can UI help user remember (store/retrieve) here? – Think about: recog/recall, practice, chunking,
declarative vs. procedural, encoding, constraints