anna university of tech 29-12-10
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SOLUTION OF REACTIVE POWER
OPTIMIZATION UNDER DEREGULATION USING HYBRID
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ALGORITHMS
Research Scholar Research SupervisorR.SURESH Dr. C.KUMAR
Lecturer/EEE DIRECTOR-Academic
S.K.P. Engineering College S.K.P. Engineering CollegeTiruvannamalai. Tiruvannamalai.
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Doctorate Committee
MembersDr.R.Arumugam B.E., M.Sc., (Engg), Ph.D.,
Prof/HOD - EEE
SSN Engineering College,
Kalavakkam, Chennai.
&
Dr.S.RamaReddy
Professor/Dean - EEE
Jerusalem College of Engineering.
Pallikaranai, Chennai.
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INTRODUCTION�Optimization:-
Maximum or Minimum of an objective Function
Subject to constraints
Maximum:-
ProfitsMinimum:-
Loss,Size,Expenditure etc.
� NEED FOR OPTIMIZATION
It is the responsibity of any designer or developer to fulfill the economic viability of
their product.
� REAL orACTIVE POWER OPTIMIZATION
Generator real power output-Control Variables
Cost Minimization-Objective Function
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INTRODUCTION�REACTIVE POWER OPTIMIZATION
Cost Minimization and Loss Minimization-Objective Function
Generator bus voltages,Shunt capacitance / reactors.transformer tap positions-Control Variables
�DEREGULATIO
NThe main objective of the Proposed model is to minimize the total amount of dollars paid by the ISO to the
generators for providing the required reactive power support.
OPF PR OBLEM
Traditional Non-Traditional
Lambda iteration method Genetic Algorithm (GA)
Gradient method Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
Newton¶s method Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)
Linear programming Tabu Search
Interior Point (IP )method Evolutionarv Programming (EP)
Lagrangian relaxation algorithm Evolutionary strategy (ES)
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ABSTRACT Reactive power plays an important role in supporting the real power transfer by maintaining
voltage stability and system reliability.
It is a critical element for a transmission operator to ensure the reliability of an electric
system while minimizing the cost associated with it.
The traditional objectives of reactive power dispatch are focused on the technical side of
reactive support such as minimization of transmission losses.
Reactive power cost compensation to a generator is based on the incurred cost of its reactive
power contribution less the cost of its obligation to support the active power delivery.
The electric power Industry is in transition to a deregulated market place for power
transactions In this environment all power transaction are made based on price rather than cost.
A regional pool is noted as the most straight forward path to a deregulated electricity market
place, Participants are interested in maximizing their own profits regardless of the system-wide
profits.
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ABSTRACTVoltage regulation services is necessary to enable securing transactions of active power
Proper voltage profile
Voltage stability requirement
Real power loss minimization
Minimum cost allocation can be achieved.
To minimize the cost of total reactive support from generators and reactive compensators using hybrid
artificial intelligence algorithms.
To find the payment to generators and reactive compensators.
It is achieved by maintaining the whole system power loss as minimum thereby minimum cost
allocation can be achieved.
The purpose of reactive power dispatch is to determine the proper amount and location of reactive
support.
Reactive Optimal Power Flow (ROPF) formulation is developed as an analysis tool and the validity of
proposed hybrid algorithms are going to examine test systems having IEEE±14 bus, IEEE±30 bus,
IEEE±118 bus and utility system in India.
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PROBLEM FORMULATION Reactive cost of generators
Where
Qgi - is the reactive power output of generator gi
Sgi max -is the maximum apparent power of generator gi
Cgpi -is the active power cost which is modeled as a quadratic function
Where Pgi is the active power output of gi
a, b, and c are cost coefficients;
kgi is an assumed profit rate for active power generation at bus i
gik
2gi
Q2
maxgiS
gpiC)
maxgiS(
gpiC)
giQ(
gqiC ¼½
»¬«
¹º
¸©ª
¨ !
c gi
bp 2gi
ap )gi
( gpi
!
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COST OF REACTIVE COMPENSATORS
Ccj (Qcj) = rjQcj (2) Where
rj = reactive cost Qcj = reactive power purchased
rj = investment cost / operating hoursrj = ($ 6200) / (30v365v24v(2/3) = $ 0.0354/ M VAr h
Reactive optimization modelObjective
Min CQ = (3) Where CQ is the total reactive support cost from generators and reactive compensators; NG is the set of all generator buses NC is the set of all reactive compensator buses
)Q(C )Q(C cici
NCigi gqi
NGi ��
77
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CONSTRAINTS IN OPF Pgi- = (4)
-PLi- = (5)
Qgi = (6)
Qci - QLi = (7)
Vi,min < Vi< Vi,max (8)
Qgi, min < Qgi < Qgi,max (9)
Qci, min < Qci < Qci,max (10)
where
N is the total number of buses in the system;
PLi and QLi are the specified active and reactive demand at load bus I; Yij � U-ij is the element of the admittance matrix;
and are the lower and upper limits of bus voltage;
Qgi,min and Qgi, max are the lower and upper limits of reactive power output of the generator;
Qci,min and Qci,max- are the lower and upper limits of reactive power output of thecompensators.
)- cos( Y V Vijijijj
Nji
�
)- cos( Y V Vijijijj
Nji
�
)- sin( Y V Vijijijj
Nji
�
)- sin( Y V Vijijijj
Nji
�
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ACTION PLAN:-
2011 ± Course Work
2012 ± 2013 ± Collection of Materials and Presenting & Publishing Papers
in National & International Conferences & Journals.
2014 ± Thesis Submission
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REFERENCES1) Caramanis MC,BohnRE, Schweppe FC. Spot pricing of electricity: practice and theory.
IEEE Trans Power Apparatus Syst 1982;101(9):3234±45.
2) Baughman ML, Siddiqi SN. Real time pricing of reactive power: theory and case study
results. IEEE Trans Power Syst 1991;6(1):23±9.
3) Li YZ, David AK. Pricing reactive power conveyance. IEE Proc-Gener Transm Distrib
1993;140(3):174±80.
4) Li YZ, David AK. Wheeling rates of reactive power flow under marginal cost pricing.
IEEE Trans Power Syst 1994;9(3):1263±9.
5) Ei-keib AA, Ma X. Calculating short-run marginal costs of active and reactive power
production. IEEE Trans Power Syst 1997;12(2):559±65.
6) Baughman ML, Siqqiqi SN, Zanikau JW. Advanced pricing in electrical systems. Part II.
Implications. IEEE Trans Power Syst 1997;12(1): 496±502.
7) Lamont JW, Fu J. Cost analysis of reactive power support. IEEE Trans Power Syst
1999;14(3):890±6.
8) Dai Y, Ni YX, Wen FS, Han ZX. Analysis of reactive power pricing under deregulation.
IEEE power engineering society summer meeting; July 2000. p. 2162±7.
9) Bhattacharya K, Zhong J. Reactive power as an ancillary service. IEEE Trans Power Syst
2001;16(2):294±300.
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10) Zhong J, Bhattacharya K. Toward a competitive market for reactive power. IEEE TransPower Syst 2002;17(4):1206±15.
11) Hao S, Papalexopoulos A. Reactive pricing and management. IEEE Trans Power Syst1997;12(1):95±104.
12) Hao S. A reactive power management proposal for transmission operators. IEEE Trans
Power Syst 2003;18(4):1374±80.13) Silva EL, Hedgecock JJ, Mello JCO, Luz JCF. Practical cost-based approach for the
voltage ancillary service. IEEE Trans Power Syst 2001; 16(4):806±12.
14) Gill PE, Murray W, Wright MH. Numerical linear algebra and optimization. Old Tappan:Addison-Wesley; 1991.
15) Singh C, Musavi MT. A generalized energy function for transient stability analysis of power systems. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst 1984; 32(7):637±45.
16) Lin X.J.David A.K,´A novel market-based reactive power management
scheme´,Electrical power and Energy systems.28,pp127-132,(2006).
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COURSES STUDIED IN M.E.,M.E.,
SUBJECTSSUBJECTSSEMESTER I
* PSEC101 APPLIED MATHEMATICS
* PSEC102 DIGITAL SIMULATION OF POWER SYSTEM
*PSEC103 STATE ESTIMATION AND SECURITY CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEM
ELECTIVES
* PSEE104 EHV AC&DC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
* PSEE105 EX PERT SYSTEMS AND THEIRAPPLICATIONS TO POWER SYSTEMPROBLEMS
*P
SEE106 FUZZY L
OGIC AND NEURAL
NETWORKS
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M.E., SUBJECTS ContdM.E., SUBJECTS ContdSEMESTER II
* PSEC201 POWER SYSTEM ECONOMICS
* PSEC202 POWER SYSTEM DYNAMICS
*PSEC203 STATIC RE
LAYING AND
PROTECTION INPOWER SYSTEM
ELECTIVES
* PSEE204 REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION INTRANSMISSION SYSTEM
* PSEE205 INSULATION TECHNOLOGY AND HIGHVOLTAGE ENGINEERING
*P
SEE206 SOL
ID STATE CONTROLL
ED EL
ECTRIC DRIVES
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M.E., SUBJECTS ContdM.E., SUBJECTS ContdSEMESTER III
ELECTIVES* PSEE301 POWER SYSTEM VOLTAGE STABILITY
STUDIES
* PSEE302 POWER SYSTEM INSTRUMENTATION
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PLAN OF WORK FOR 2011COURSE WORK IN THE CURRENT SEMESTER
236207 FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
236208 RESTRUCTURED POWER SYSTEMS
* LITERATURE SURVEY
COURSE WORK IN THE NEXT SEMESTER
235082 SOFT COMPUTING TECHNIQUES
236102 POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL
*INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
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THANK
YOU