Anish Bhattacharya Shen Ge

Neha SatakTejal Thakore

Sensors to map pollution for the Danube River using GNSS

The Team

Shen GeM.S., Aerospace

B.S., Aerospace and Physics

Neha SatakPhD Student, Aerospace

M.S., AerospaceB.E., Electronics

Tejal ThakoreSGAC MAA Technical Lead

Member of YGNSSB.S., Aerospace

Anish BhattacharyaMBA Student

IBM Software EngineerB.E., Electronics

Introduction to Project SWIPSSpherical Water In-situ Pollution Sensors

Application:

Detects differential change in pollution concentration along the length of the river when deployed in a network

Monitors a specific location along the length for water pollution levels.

Can be used by government to enforce water pollution laws or by individuals and industry planning to utilize the river water.

Description:

A submersible, wireless water pollution sensor using GNSS

Measures PAHs and charged molecules in water

Can submerge and float for mobile or stationary applications

Carries a GNSS sensor to localize itself

Uploads data to remote computer through a wireless link

Civilizations and cities have flourished around rivers. They are a valued resource as a foundation for agriculture transportation and industry.

Two major types of pollutants in water affecting life:◦ Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) ◦ Ions : pH, fluoride, chloride, ammonium, total hardness and some

metallic ions.

Danube River is a good case due to two reasons:◦ Its the second longest river in Europe, is a waterway that affects the

lives of millions.◦ Nations and their governments through which the river passes are

committed to protect it.

To track its state of pollution at different parts of the river at any given time is of critical importance to identify the source of pollution and track its concentration and distribution.

Motivation

Value Proposition

Autonomous Data Collection

Mobile

and

Subm

ersib

le

Senso

rWireless link to sensors up to 20-30 km

Multip

le

senso

rs

net

wor

k

Features:

SWIPS sensors are fully autonomous.

Multiple sensors can communicate with each other and provide differential data

Data collection is wireless at a distance of <10 km

Each sensor is capable of floating and drifting at different depths to detect pollution at various levels.

Lifetime of each SWIPS sensor is designed to be 6 months.

Software to process data collected from a network of SWIPS sensors will be provided.

Technical Design

SWIPS Schematic

Water Pollutant Sensors

Water Intakemechanism

Rechargeable Battery

GNSS Receiver

Water Pressure sensor

Data Link/Memory

Module

Outflow mechanism area

Preliminary Spherical Outer Shell 3D Design – Material and Shape

SHAPE According to the ICPDR*,

Danube River has a current velocity of 8-9 km/hr. To maintain a regular course for the sensor to float using the river current, it would be ideal to have a spherical shell. This will also provide better access for the water to enter the shell and the outflow mechanism to pump out the water in the shell.

MATERIALRequirements: Light weight,

water-resistance, robust structure, highly corrosion resistance, weather resistance, high tensile strength and low specific gravity.

Proposed materials: Carbon-fibre with epoxy resin or fibre-glass with epoxy resin.

Due to being readily available and inexpensive bulk order – fibre glass with epoxy resin was chosen.

*ICPDR – International Cooperation for the protection of Danube River

The sensor will float or submerge depending on its area/mass ratio.

Submersing System

Change Area

Change Mass

Main Board

GNSS Sensor

Water Pollution Sensor

Data Link Card

Sinking-Floating

Mechanism

Main Board

Water Pollution Sensors

EnviroFlu-HC UV fluorometer

Ion-selective microelectrodes

• Commercially available submersible UV fluorometer detect PAHs commonly found in oil, coal, and tar deposits.

• Ion-selective microelectrodes detect inorganic charged pollutants.

Miniature GNSS receiver such as the Trimble Lassen iQ module can be used.

GNSS Receiver

SPECIFICATIONS

QUANTITY

Dimension 26 X 26 X 6 mm

Voltage 3 to 3.6 VDC

Power < 90 mW at 3.3 V

Mass 6.5 g

Basic specifications of device including cable and antenna accessories.

Without case.

With case.

XStream® OEM RF Modules

Data Link Board

Relevant Specifications:

1. Outdoor/RF line-of-sight range: 32 km

2. Weight : 24g3. Data upload rate : 9.6 kbps4. Estimated total time for uploading

data for one day : 0.2 to 1 sec

DEVICE VOLTS (V) CAPACITY (mAh)

SIZE (mm) MASS (g)

Enviro-flu HC

12 86.3 311 X Ø 68 1850

Electrodes Negligible Negligible 80 X Ø 30 5

Lassen iQ 3.3 7.77 127 X 102 X 51

285

Data Card 5 64 40 X 70 X 10

24

Main Board 3.3 166 100 X 100 40

Shell N/A N/A Ø 315 1995

Ballast Tank N/A N/A Ø 300 21

TOTAL 324.07 Ø 360 3937

Power and Mass Budget

Target Market

Bavaria Government

Companies along the Danube

NGOs and Other

Governments along the Danube

STRENGTH- Trackability allows pollution to be tracked along the waterway- Autonomous nature requires little human maintenance once implemented- High data frequency gives reliable new data

WEAKNESS- Cost compared to remote sensing for

large-scale detection- Submersing mechanism may be prone

to failure

OPPORTUNITY- EU’s interest in cleaning up

waterways.- Companies along the rivers are

increasingly focusing on reducing pollution output

- NGOs like WWF and Greenpeace are looking for innovative proposition to tackle environmental problems.

THREATS- Biological sensors used for tracking

water pollution- Remote Sensing Satellites or UAVs

which can monitor water pollution- Successful execution is dependent on

willingness of the authorities to implement the project properly

SWOT Analysis

DEVICE COST (EUR)

Enviro-flu HC 54

Electrodes 50

Lassen iQ 35

Data Card 100

Main Board 300

Shell 500

Ballast Tank 500

TOTAL 1539

Development CostOTHER QUANTITY COST

(EUR)Software Engineer

2 80000

Electronic Engineer

2 80000

Environmental Scientist

1 40000

Computer 3 3000

TOTAL 203000

OverheadCOMPONENT QUANTITY COST/YR (EUR)

Product Dev. 100 27900

Manpower 4 160000

Consulting N/A 15000Market Research N/A 15000Promotion & Advertising N/A 20000

Office Space 1 12000

Utility N/A 1200

Internet N/A 2400

Website N/A 60

TOTAL 253560

DEVICE MANUFACTURE

COST (EUR)

Enviro-flu HC 54

Electrodes 50

Lassen iQ 35

Data Card 100

Main Board 40

Shell 50

Ballast Tank 50

TOTAL 279

Marketing & Collaboration

We will collaborate with local authorities, NGOs and green institutions

Focus on local governments and NGOs to convince them to pilot the technology along with their existing effort of water bodies conservation

Promote the product by partnering with the local authorities / NGOs to train the people about the usage of the devices and their key benefits

Marketing and promotional vehicle will be website and social media which will have both B2G and B2B content

Development Timeline

2011.10 Initialize prototype development.

2012.10 Finish developing prototype and start marketing.

2013.04 Finish initial marketing.

Legal Directives

2000. Water Framework Directive commits EU member states to achieve good qualitative and quantitative water status. 2008. Directive 105/EC

listed broad range of environmental quality standards in water policy, notably long-term trend analysis of priority substances be conducted regularly by member states.

2006. Directive 11/EC indicated what substances and what quantities can be discharged into European waters.

With a development time of just 1 year, SWIPS provides an efficient autonomous system providing water pollution data to any interested party.

Marketing and collaboration with governments, companies, and NGOs will lead to the widespread use of the SWIPS sensor system.

Conclusion