Anime: 1000 Years of the Making EAST 251 Week 2. Is it a coincident Anime originated in Japan?
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Transcript of Anime: 1000 Years of the Making EAST 251 Week 2. Is it a coincident Anime originated in Japan?
Anime: 1000 Years of the Making
EAST 251 Week 2
Is it a coincident Anime originated in Japan?
Common misconception: Anime is children’s entertainment and TV pastime
Students only know the current state of Anime Cannot clearly distinguish Anime and cartoons
Clarify the definition of Anime Social impact
Criteria of Anime
Criteria
I Animated production (vs. live action) either hand-drown and/or computer generated
II Episodic (for television series) and containing meaning conversation and/or strong story
III Having a purpose other than comedic relief (such as moral and message)
IV Manga-based
(V Produced in Japan)
Definition of Manga (origin of Anime)
Manga Graphic Novel in the US
Style Comical, exaggerated, disproportional physical and facial features
Comical, exaggerated physical and facial features
Targeted Demographic
Various (child, teen, young adult, adult etc.)
Predominately young male
Theme Various (drama, politics, daily-life, animals, food, love etc.)
Super-power/heroes
Purpose Storytelling, entertainment
Storytelling, entertainment
Origin 12-13th century 1950s
Popularity of MangaCurrent Popularity:
Japan: $5 billion industry (Anime adds another 2 billion) a year
Global: US Manga sales jumped from $60 million in 2002 to $210 million in 2008 (US Publishers weekly 2013)
History of Manga traces back to early Japanese history
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication Statistic Bureau (2010)
The Scrolls: The Origin of Manga
The earliest Japanese paintings are found in Nara period (710-794)
Scrolls are long strip of papers (can reach 49 ft.) Read from right to left Usually story telling in nature
Choju-junbutsu-giga (鳥獣人物戯画 ) 1153-1140
30-40 ft long
Early Japan: Asuka and Nara Period
Asuka: 592-710 Nara: 710-794
Around that time in Europe…
Byzantine Art
Fujibukuro-shoshi Emaki ( 藤袋草紙絵巻)16th Century
2 ¾ x 7 ¾ inch
Nezumi-shoshi Emaki ( 鼠草紙絵巻) 16th Century
13 ¼ x 185 inch
Tamamushi Monogatari ( 玉虫物語 )17th Century
450 ¾ x 8 inch
Tamamushi Monogatari ( 玉虫物語 )17th Century
450 ¾ x 8 inch
The Birth of Japanese Print: Edo Period
A period of peace brought the time to enjoy life (c.f. 鎖国 Sakoku )
Middle class grew richer People now have access to entertainment
Middle class children went to “terakoya” or private schools Higher literacy rate
News paper Advancement of printing technology
Ukiyoe was born
Edo: 1603-1868
Ukiyoke ( 浮世絵 ): Images of the Floating World“Earthly domain governed by changeability and
fleeting pleasure”
Ukiyoe played many roles: Advertisement (restaurants, beauty products,
theaters/play, courtesans) Entertainment Art for middle class
Utagawa Toyokuni (1857)
c.f. posters
Takehara Shunsen (1987-1801)
百物語 The Hundred Tales (unknown)
Kitagawa Utamaro, A Child Pstered by a Nightmare with his Mother (1800-1801)
Katsushika Hokusai (1775-1824)Hokusai’s work:
Hokusai Manga=15 volumes of various sketches (300+)
Depicting things in nature: animals, ghosts, etc. (30,000 + art works)
Hokusai: Thirty-six Views of Mt. Fuji
Origin of Anime, Manga北斎漫画 (Hokusai Manga) 1775-1824 by Hokusai
Katsushika
15 volumes of various sketches (300+) Depicting things in nature: animals, ghosts, etc.
Hokusai: Hokusai Manga
Hokusai Manga (1775-1824) 北斎漫画 (Hokusai Manga) 1775-1824 includes
portrayal of frame-by-frame dancing sequences of human body movements – reminiscent of Anime.
Hokusai: Shunga Became very popular during Edo period Categorized under Ukiyoe Exaggeration/overstatement Lively Comical Humorous
Next 2 pages: Rated R
Hokusai: The Dream of the Fisherman's Wife (1820) from Kinoe-no-komatsu
Hokusai: Kinoe-no-komatsu (1820)
Manga was common people’s entertainment in Edo period (1603-1868)
Samurai7%
Farmer (including fisher-men 76%), Artisans (7%), Merchants (10%), non-
human class 3%)93%
Around that time in Europe… 16-18th century paintings
Edo to Modern Period (1868-1945) Utagawa Yoshikazu, The acrobats (1858) Anonymous, Working the Fields (1898)
c.f. Box arrangement of modern Manga layout
The Rise of the Comic Strip: Modern Period
Kitazawa Rakuten, The Primary School board game (1913)
The Rise of the Comic Strip: Modern Period
Manga on Current Topics (1925) Manga: Chiyomaru and Princess Yachio (1939) The Exploration of Mars (1940)
History of Japanese Anime
The oldest existing Animation: なまくら刀 (1917)
Manga: Post WWII手塚治虫 ( Osamu Tezuka) 1928-1989
Military medical doctor turned into manga writer Inspired by Walt Disney’s work His manga focused on story lines,
psychological depiction, emotional conflict and importanceof human lives
Based on his Manga, he produced first TV Anime, Tetsuwan Atomu (Astro Boy)
Tezuka Osamu Created 700+ Manga (15,000 + pages) Produced 60+ Anime
1950-1954 1952-1968 1954-incomplete
First Animation airs on TV: Tezuka’s 鉄腕アトム (Astro Boy) 1963
1970’s Anime boom テレビ名作アニメ劇場
(Television Anime Master piece theater), Sunday, 7:30 PM.
On the other hand in the US… Saturday morning cartoons
宮崎駿 ( Hayao Miyazaki) 1941- Inspired by Tezuka’s manga He directed and designed
“Television Anime Master piece theater” until 1979. That washis break
Moved onto the production of anime films
Established Studio Ghibli in 1985
Etymology of “Anime” 1917: Jidaigeki-manga 時代劇漫画 = a period
drama manga 1930’s: Anime was called 動画 (dooga
=moving drawings); was shown as ‘pre-show’ before movies.
1960’s: Anime was called 漫画映画 (manga eiga=comic movies). The word Animation was business lingo.
July 1965 issue of Kogata-eiga ( 小型映画 ), a movie magazine, used the word “Anime”.
Format of Current Anime One season: usually 6 months (2 cycles) One episode=30 minutes
Warning: 5 seconds Opening music: 1 minute 30 seconds A part: 10 minuets Commercials B part : 10 minuets and 30 seconds Ending music: 1 minute 30 seconds Coming attraction: 15 seconds
Nature of Anime
Rich in history
Though the drawing style is simplified, the story line is more complex and explores human emotion and drama
Targeted not only children but also at a wider audience
What is Anime?
1. Two dimensional animated art form2. *Japanese origin3. *Originally manga4. Containing meaningful conversation or story5. One episode is either 30 min (TV series) or more
(OAV or full movie length)6. Having story line and consequences
* Usually but not always
In my humble opinion, if it doesn’t satisfy the criteria above, I’d call it an animated cartoon.