Animation theory collect by utshab

Prepared by: Golam Moshiur Rahman Choudhury Animation methodology-01


Initiative of motion and storytelling in

Primitive world


Animation can be traced back much further, to the earliest known cave art more than 30,000 years ago. The

exhibit, at the prehistory center of the Pech-Merle Cave in the Lot Valley, is titled “Préhistoire de la Bande

Dessinée et du Dessin Animé” ("Prehistory of the animation Strip and the Motion Picture animation"). It was

mounted by prehistorian and filmmaker Marc Azéma of the University of Toulouse in France


Initiative to capture motion in cave painting

(Image from the Chauvet cave)


Initiative to capture motion in ancient Egypt


Painted bowl from Shahr-i-Sokhta depicting a sequential scene of a goat jumping

to eat from a palm tree


Greek vase painting


Japanese scroll story telling painting

http://www.kokingumi.com/ChojuGiga/37.html


Shadow play and talpatar shapai ancient way of storytelling through motion in India and Bangladesh


Patta chitra one of the ancient audio visual performance system

in India and Bangladesh


Animation before film


Emile Reynaud’s Theatre Optique 1892


What is Animation ?


According to the Oxford dictionary ”Animation is the technique of filming

Successive drawing or position of puppet or models to create an illusion of

Movement When the film is shown as a sequence”


Animation is not the art of drawing that moves but the art of movement that are

drawn; what happens between each frame is much more important than what

exist on each frame; Animation is therefore the art of manipulating the invisible

interstices that lie between the frames

(Norman McLaren )


"Toy Story Zoetrope," (above) is a knock-out, really enlightens one on the essence of animation and

how it all works. It comprises a 3D turntable populated by the Toy Story figures in carefully

sequenced postures that spring to life when it all spins under the strobe lights.


The mechanics of animation


Why do we see the images as moving?

The reason our eyes are tricked into seeing movement by biologically and

psychologically


Persistence :

the fact of continuing in an opinion or

course of action in spite of difficulty or

opposition:

Vision:

the faculty or state of being able to see

'Persistence of Vision ’

Biological reason


Our brain holds onto an image for fraction of a second after the image has passed. If the eye sees a

series of still images very quickly(more then 16 per second) one picture after another, then the images

will appear to move because our eyes cannot cope with fast-moving images - our eyes have been

tricked into thinking they have seen movement


phi phenomenon

The phi phenomenon is the optical illusion of perceiving continuous motion between separate objects

viewed rapidly in succession. The phenomenon was defined by Max Wertheimer in the Gestalt

psychology in 1912 and along with persistence of vision formed a part of the base of the theory of

cinema, applied by Hugo Münsterberg in 1916

Beta movement:

Beta movement is a perceptual illusion whereby two or more still images are combined by the brain into

surmised motion. Beta movement is one of two illusions referred to as "phi phenomena."

Psychological reason


The elements of animation


Concept/story

Concept art

Rough board

Production design

Voice/ dialog

Storyboard animatic

Layout / background

Animation

Sound and music


an account of imaginary or real people and events told for entertainment or story

Is a situation or event what has a beginning, middle and end all stories start with a

Problem.

Story


Object : characters

Event: what happens to the character

Place: where it happens

Period : when it happens

Timespane: how long it happens

Objective : why it happens

Elements of story


Linear story structure

Beginning Meddle End

Beginning Meddle End Beginning Meddle End Beginning Meddle End

•Character

•Action

•plot

•Character

•Action

•plot

•Character

•Action

•plot

•Character

•Action

•plot

•Character

•Action

•plot

•Character

•Action

•plot

•Character

•Action

•plot

•Character

•Action

•plot

•Character

•Action

•plot

Main storyline


Character

Action

Story

Plot

The story CAP


CHARACTER

What kind of

Archetype

profile

What is his/her Goal

Why it is Original


Archetypes

According to C.G. Jung the great psychologist , archetypes are the primordial models

Upon which we , as humans, are fashioned. He applied this idea not only to our behavior

But also to our tradition of myths, legends and storytelling. The blurring of the boundaries

Between myths and reality, through the concept of archetypes. Makes storytelling a

powerful medium for teaching us about life . By recognizing the various facets of the

Archetypes characters within our own psyche we can identify with the character in a good

story, And hopefully learn something about ourselves from their tale.

Different archetypes1.Hero

2.Mentor

3.Threshold Guardian

4.Herald

5.Shapeshifter

6.Shadow

7.trickster


HeroCharacteristics: a real person Full of contradiction-strong and determined

Yet week and uncertain, the hero is the one that take the journey of discovery.

Role: to find meaning in life and bring

That meaning to the lives of the people in their world.

MentorCharacteristics : wise and learned. Selfless and generous, Often portrayed as an

old person.

Role : to teach and advice the Hero on his her journey Will give a gift that helps the

Hero in their quest

Threshold guardian: Characteristics: aggressive obedient menial of the villain.

Role: to obstruct the hero’s progress and test their resolve On the path.

HeraldCharacteristics: friendly, loyal, and sometimes outspoken. Can be the Hero’s lover or

partner.

Role: the hero’s messenger for the both bringing messages and Making

announcements on the Hero’s behalf. Helps motivate the hero.


Shape-shifterCharacteristics: changeable personalities. Untrustworthy. Often represented As

femme fatale.

Role: to test the Hero. Can fulfill several roles and create confusion.

Shadow Characteristics: the dark side . The unknown , repressed feeling.

As femme fatale.

Role: to stop the Hero from reaching his goal. To destroy hope.

Trickster Characteristics: Mischievous troublemaker

Role: comic relief. To point out absurdities and hypocrisy. To create chaos.


ACTION

All action is reaction

Obstacles

Mental or Physical

Objective Media and

tools

Originality


PLOT

Event and story

bit

Setting

Objective Time span

originality


Three act story structure, the development flow….

Act-01

1/1

2/1

3/1


10

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

00

Beginning/Act-01 Middle/Act-02 End/Act-03

Le

ve

l o

f e

mo

tio

n

Number of scenes

Eff

ec

tive

op

en

ing

Clim

ax

01………………………………………………………15…………………………..…………………………….30


Concept art


Concept art is a form of illustration where the main goal is to convey a

visual representation of a design, idea, and/or mood for use in films,

video games, animation, or comic books before it is put into the final

product. Concept art is also referred to as visual development and/or

concept design


Concept Art bridges the gap between 'idea' and 'reality'. It allows

raw ideas to be developed and visually communicated so that they

can be realized through a production process.

Purposes of concept art


Types of concept art

• Location/ setting

• Character appearance

• Creature design

• Props and gadget

• Vehicle

• Weapon

• Special effects


Principles of concept arts

• Idea

• Mood

• Believable

• Comprehensive

• Artistic

• Unique

• Narrative

• Style

• Achievable


Rough board


Rough board is a form of visual storytelling it is a process of random and rough

visualizing Of story in very initial level of animation preproduction


Character design


Archetypes

According to C.G. Jung the great psychologist , archetypes are the primordial models

Upon which we , as humans, are fashioned. He applied this idea not only to our behavior

But also to our tradition of myths, legends and storytelling. The blurring of the boundaries

Between myths and reality, through the concept of archetypes. Makes storytelling a

powerful medium for teaching us about life . By recognizing the various facets of the

Archetypes characters within our own psyche we can identify with the character in a good

story, And hopefully learn something about ourselves from their tale.

Different archetypes1.Hero

2.Mentor

3.Threshold Guardian

4.Herald

5.Shapeshifter

6.Shadow

7.trickster


Hero

Characteristics: a real person Full of contradiction-strong and determined

Yet week and uncertain, the hero is the one that take the journey of discovery.

Role: to find meaning in life and bring

That meaning to the lives of the people in their world.

Mentor

Characteristics : wise and learned. Selfless and generous, Often portrayed as an old person.

Role : to teach and advice the Hero on his her journey Will give a gift that helps the Hero in their

quest

Threshold guardian:

Characteristics: aggressive obedient menial of the villain.

Role: to obstruct the hero’s progress and test their resolve On the path.

Herald

Characteristics: friendly, loyal, and sometimes outspoken. Can be the Hero’s lover or partner.

Role: the hero’s messenger for the both bringing messages and Making announcements on the

Hero’s behalf. Helps motivate the hero.


Shape-shifter

Characteristics: changeable personalities. Untrustworthy. Often represented As femme fatale.

Role: to test the Hero. Can fulfill several roles and create confusion.

Shadow

Characteristics: the dark side . The unknown , repressed feeling.

As femme fatale.

Role: to stop the Hero from reaching his goal. To destroy hope.

Trickster

Characteristics: Mischievous troublemaker

Role: comic relief. To point out absurdities and hypocrisy. To create chaos.


Techniques of Interpreting archetypes through design elements

Understanding analogy and juxta position in character design


The foundation shapes and their meaning

•Meaning from Experience through Evolutionary ,

•Socio cultural and ideological meaning ,

•Conceptual meaning


Defining reality level

Realistic Semi Realistic Semi abstract Abstract

Think about the purpose of design

http://www.cartoonbrew.com/archives/tootconcept_c.jpg

http://www.cartoonbrew.com/archives/tootconcept_c.jpg


Evolution of form


Abstraction of character ‘s form


Using complimentary form

Understanding the contrast and harmony of shapes


Stylization

Balancing concave and convex space

Application of exaggerated perspective

Application of rules of third


Application of rules of third in character design


Balancing concave and convex space

convex

Concave


Application of exaggerated perspective

Animation theory collect by utshab

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