Animation -...

2013/2014 Multimedia & Animation Midterm Study Guide

So far we have done the following in the course:

Created a flipbook Learned about early animation and Chuck Jones’ cartoon work in cel

animation Selected a favorite animated movie and created a PowerPoint

Presentation on it using what we learned about color theory and typography.

Watched Wallace and Gromit: Curse of the Were Rabbit and learned about stop-motion animation.

Created a clay head with an expression. Learned about the Production Process and made a complete clay stop-

motion animation using all the aspects of the process. Learned how to edit a movie in Windows Movie Maker, learned how to

record narration or music. Learned about the history of computers and how computers work Made a simple bouncing ball animation in Adobe Flash CS6 Learned about the Principles of Design and created a short animations

about a design principles.

Introduction to Animation

Animation is the optical illusion of motion created by the consecutive display of images of static elements.

Examples of animation are: Claymation stop motion cel animation web animation 3D animation.

Persistence of Vision - The ability of the eye to retain the impression of an image for a short time after the image has disappeared. Animation could not happen without this fundamental principle of the human eye.

Cel Animation - also called hand-drawn animation, is the oldest and the most popular form of animation. In a traditionally-animated cartoon, each frame is drawn by hand. (“cel” is short for celluloid.).

A frame is an individual picture in a sequence of film.


Zoetrope - a mechanical toy consisting of a slotted drum that, when whirled, makes objects within the drum give the illusion of continuous motion.

Flip book - a book with a series of pictures that vary gradually from one page to the next, so that when the pages are turned rapidly, the pictures appear to animate.

Multimedia The use of computers to present text, graphics, video, animation, and sound in an integrated way.

Early animators:Winsor McCay - Gertie, the Dinosaur – the first natural-looking and moving animated animal.Walt Disney - Mickey Mouse in the first talkie cartoon, Steamboat Willie. First feature animation was Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Fantasia made animation an art form by matching images to classical music.Chuck Jones – Bugs Bunny, Elmer Fudd, Daffy Duck, Road Runner

Color and the Color Wheel

Primary Colors: Red, Yellow, Blue. These 3 colors are the base colors for every other color on the color wheel.

Secondary Colors: Orange, Green, Purple. These 3 colors are what you get when you mix the primary colors together. They're located in-between the primary colors to indicate what colors they're made from.

Complimentary Colors: Red and Green, Blue and Orange, Purple and Yellow. These are the colors directly across from each other on the color wheel. They're called "complimentary" because, when used together, they become extremely vibrant and have heavy contrast.

Warm Colors: Colors such as red, yellow, and orange. These colors evoke warmth because they remind us of things like the sun or fire.


Cool Colors: Colors like blue, green, and purple (violet). These colors evoke a cool feeling because they remind us of things like water or grass.

Neutral Colors: Gray, Brown. These aren't on most color wheel, dull and uneventful.

Hue—the color name (e.g., red, yellow, blue, etc.)

Intensity—the purity and strength of a color (e.g., bright red or dull red)

Value—the lightness or darkness of a color

RGB Color: This is color based upon light. Your computer monitor and television use RGB. The name "RGB" stands for Red, Green, Blue, which are the 3 primaries (with green replacing yellow). By combining these 3 colors, any other color can be produced.

Microsoft PowerPoint BasicsPowerPoint was developed for use as a Presentation program. In most businesses and schools, it has replaced traditional slideshows and overhead projectors.

PowerPoint allows you to combine pictures, words, sounds, transitional effects, animation, and links to websites. It can use files from other Microsoft programs such as Word and Excel. We used it to present information on an animated movie.

Production Process

Below are steps of the Production Process for animation or multimedia projects. The Process, broken into 3 main headers (Pre-Production, Production, Post-Production) consisted of the following steps for our Scary movie project:

1. Pre-Productiona. Idea/concept (Brainstorm)b. Research/sketchingc. Script


d. Storyboard/flowchart2. Production

a. Script develops into narration or dialogueb. Characters are developed in clayc. Backgrounds and props are constructed and painted.d. Sound and/or music is selectede. Video is shot frame by frame.

3. Post-Productiona. Video imported into computer using MovieMakerb. Sound, titles, credits are added.c. Final movie is saved and cd or dvd is recorded

Don’t forget that the 3 main stages are Pre-Production, Production, and Post-Production

Stop motion (animation) - a special-effects animation technique where objects, such as solid 3-D puppets, figures, or models are shot one frame at a time and moved or repositioned slightly between each frame, giving the illusion of lifelike motion. Examples of stop motion animation are King Kong (1933); Wallace & Gromit: Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005) and Corpse Bride (2005)

Claymation- refers to the animation of models constructed of clay, putty, plasticine, or other moldable materials, often through stop-motion. Wallace and Gromit, Pirates, Chicken Run – examples

Lip sync (short for lip synchronization) - matching lip movements with sung or spoken vocals (words, sounds or songs).

Windows Movie Maker Basics:Windows Movie Maker is a basic editing program that allows you to combine video, pictures, sounds into a final movie file.

To bring your video footage, photos, or sounds into Movie Maker, you need to Add these files into the Storyboard in sequence.

You can cut out parts of your video by splitting it and deleting the parts you don’t want. You can also add titles at the beginning and credits at the end.

http://www.filmsite.org/kingk.html


Your final project needs to be saved as a movie file, usually a .wmv file. WMV stands for Windows Media Video and was developed by Microsoft specifically for internet streaming.

Types of Shots (Camera Angle)Horizon Level – horizon line of landscape or eyes of the subject. (Normalcy, tranquility)

Down Shot – Camera is placed above horizon line or subject’s eyes with lens pointing downward. (Overhead for landscape or Inferiority of character)Up Shot – below horizon or eye level. (Importance or dominance of character)


Tilt – Camera is diagonally tilted to left or right so image seems twisted. (emotionally unbalanced character or chaos in scene).


Camera MovementsTracking In / Tracking Out- moving through and into or out of a scene. Adds great spatial depth and increases the perspective.

Pan –from “panorama” – the movement of the background across the camera or capturing a landscape by following the movement of a character

Digital Technology - Exploring Computers

Input (communication in) Output (display out)o Keyboardo Mouseo Modemo Scannero Digital camera

o Monitoro Printero Modemo Video

Memory – how the processor stores and uses immediate data.

o RAM – Random Access Memory- temporary computer memory that functions as a machine’s primary workspace.

o VRAM is a memory chip specifically for video applications (monitor).

o ROM – Read-Only Memory – a storage chip that typically contains hard-wired instructions for use when a computer starts up.


Microprocessors -- "The brain of the computer"

Operating system software provides a "user interface" for users to manage files, start programs, customize computer settings, and other tasks.

GUI – Graphical User Interface –uses graphical symbols for objects familiar in real life such as the desktop and trash.

Applications: Word Processing (MS Word) Spreadsheets (MS Excel) Database (MS Access) Presentation (MS PowerPoint) Internet Browsers (Netscape Navigator, MS Internet Explorer) Graphics (Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign, 3DS, Flash, Premiere) Web (FrontPage, Dreamweaver) Games

Famous Companies & Computers

Intel – microchip manufacturer.

Microsoft – begun by Bill Gates and Paul Allen –operating system and business and game software company.

IBM (International Business Machines)– hardware company.

Apple Computer Inc. – hardware and software company founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.

Colossus and ENIAC were early computers used in World War 2.The first Personal Computer was the MITS Altair 8800 built in

1975.

Famous People in Computer History

Ivan Sutherland demonstrated the first interactive computer graphics software program called Sketchpad. It allowed him to make engineering drawings with a light pen.


Doug Engelbart demonstrated a word processor, an early hypertext system and a collaborative application: three now common computer applications. Englebart also invented the mouse.

John Warnock – founder of Adobe and inventor of Adobe

Postscript.

Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak – founders of Apple

Bill Gates & Paul Allen - founders of MicrosoftIntroduction to Computer Animation and Vector Computer

Graphics

Computer graphics files are either Raster (or Bitmap) or Vector.

Vector Graphics –images using lines and curves, called vectors. The image is created by a series of points and the lines which connect them.

Vector graphics are resolution-independent, meaning that they can be displayed on output devices of varying resolutions without losing any quality.

Graphics programs which create images as vector animated graphics include Flash

Raster/Bitmap Graphics – describe images using pixels. The image is created by placing these pixels near each other to make one large image. Gradations of color are simply variations of pixels to appear blended.

Pixel – (picture element) - the smallest visible unit of measure on your screen; a pixel is a single tiny dot; together groups of pixels create recognizable images (as on a television or computer screen).

Raster graphics are resolution-dependent because the data describing the image is fixed to a grid of a particular size. Editing a bitmap graphic will change the quality of its appearance. Resizing can make the edges of the image look ragged as pixels are redistributed within the grid.


Anti- Aliasing – a technique which attempts to minimize the appearance of aliased or jagged diagonal edges (jaggies) in a bitmap image. Anti-aliasing removes these jaggies and gives the appearance of smoother edges.

Graphics programs which create images as bitmap graphics, like photos, include: Adobe Photoshop

Flash Animation

Tween is actually short for "in-between", and refers to the creation of successive frames of animation between key frames. In Flash, you create the start and end objects and Flash creates the animated frames in between.

Key Frame – a drawing which defines the starting and ending points of any smooth transition. In Flash, it is a frame in which something changes. This could be an object’s position. size, color, etc..

Principles of Design: guidelines used by artists to organize the visual elements of an artwork.

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