AnimationAnimation

Jon JohanssonJon Johansson

AnimationAnimation

• Webster, defines “animation” as• a: “a motion picture made by

photographing successive positions of inanimate objects (as puppets or mechanical parts)”

• b: “Animated Cartoon, a motion picture made from a series of drawings simulating motion by means of slight progressive changes."

• Webster, defines “animation” as• a: “a motion picture made by

photographing successive positions of inanimate objects (as puppets or mechanical parts)”

• b: “Animated Cartoon, a motion picture made from a series of drawings simulating motion by means of slight progressive changes."

AnimationAnimation

• Animation - The best visual cue of depth and time is one of motion.

• Single frame animation - generate a series of frames and convert them to an mpeg

• mpeg_encode (Berkley mpeg encoder)

• ppmtompeg (Berkley mpeg encoder distributed with libpbm)

• Animation - The best visual cue of depth and time is one of motion.

• Single frame animation - generate a series of frames and convert them to an mpeg

• mpeg_encode (Berkley mpeg encoder)

• ppmtompeg (Berkley mpeg encoder distributed with libpbm)

AnimationAnimation

• Parallax - the "apparent motion" of an object against a distant background because of a perspective shift

• parallax can help our brain organize the relative positions of points

• Parallax - the "apparent motion" of an object against a distant background because of a perspective shift

• parallax can help our brain organize the relative positions of points

AnimationAnimation

• the object rotates counterclockwise

• red point appears to move to the left relative to the background

• magenta point appears to move to the right

• the object rotates counterclockwise

• red point appears to move to the left relative to the background

• magenta point appears to move to the right

AnimationAnimation

• for our purposes we will generate a series of images, one for each step– time step– spatial movement

• for our purposes we will generate a series of images, one for each step– time step– spatial movement

AnimationAnimation

• scientific visualization packages generally include some ability to generate a series of successive frames

• scientific visualization packages generally include some ability to generate a series of successive frames

MPEG EncodingMPEG Encoding

• A compression standard for audio, video, and data established by the International Telecommunications Union and International Standards Organization.

• A compression standard for audio, video, and data established by the International Telecommunications Union and International Standards Organization.

MPEG-1MPEG-1

• MPEG-1 standard– established in 1992– designed to produce reasonable quality

images and sound at low bit rates (e.g., 352x288 images with VHS quality at 1.5 Mbits/sec)

• portable results

• MPEG-1 standard– established in 1992– designed to produce reasonable quality

images and sound at low bit rates (e.g., 352x288 images with VHS quality at 1.5 Mbits/sec)

• portable results

MPEG-2MPEG-2

• MPEG-2 standard– established in 1994– designed to produce higher quality images

at higher bit rates (e.g., 720x480 studio quality CCIR-601 images at up to 15 Mbits/sec)

– DVD video is usually encoded from digital studio master tapes to MPEG-2 format

• MPEG-2 standard– established in 1994– designed to produce higher quality images

at higher bit rates (e.g., 720x480 studio quality CCIR-601 images at up to 15 Mbits/sec)

– DVD video is usually encoded from digital studio master tapes to MPEG-2 format

Berkley MPEG-1 EncoderBerkley MPEG-1 Encoder• Available from: http://bmrc.berkeley.edu

/frame/research/mpeg/• Known to compile on several Unixes:

– SunOS 4.1.3 – HPUX 9.0.3 – Ultrix 4.4 – OSF – IRIX v4 – IRIX v5

• Available from: http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/frame/research/mpeg/

• Known to compile on several Unixes:– SunOS 4.1.3 – HPUX 9.0.3 – Ultrix 4.4 – OSF – IRIX v4 – IRIX v5

MPEG Software Simulation Group (MSSG)

MPEG Software Simulation Group (MSSG)• Provide a free encoder for MPEG 1 and

2– mpeg2encode

• Available from http://www.mpeg.org/MPEG/MSSG/

• Works under Windows 2000 (I use this)

• Compiles under some unixes as well

• This encoder is also distributed with ImageMagick

• Provide a free encoder for MPEG 1 and 2– mpeg2encode

• Available from http://www.mpeg.org/MPEG/MSSG/

• Works under Windows 2000 (I use this)

• Compiles under some unixes as well

• This encoder is also distributed with ImageMagick

MPEG EncoderMPEG Encoder• Encoder is included in the VisWorkshop.zip

package available by copying from – /scratch/jonj

• This version compiles under Irix and the executable is included

• Mpeg_encode is already installed on aurora so you just have to type– mpeg_encode param_file

• Have some work to do to set up the parameter file

• Sample images are available from– /scratch/dthornto/Workshop/FramesMHeimpel

• Encoder is included in the VisWorkshop.zip package available by copying from – /scratch/jonj

• This version compiles under Irix and the executable is included

• Mpeg_encode is already installed on aurora so you just have to type– mpeg_encode param_file

• Have some work to do to set up the parameter file

• Sample images are available from– /scratch/dthornto/Workshop/FramesMHeimpel

MPEG EncoderMPEG Encoder

• The mpeg_tutor directory contains several parameter files– Read explained.par for a good description

• quality.par contains parameters for a good quality mpeg

• The mpeg_tutor directory contains several parameter files– Read explained.par for a good description

• quality.par contains parameters for a good quality mpeg

Mpeg_encode parametersMpeg_encode parameters# Hi-Quality mpeg_encode parameter file

# Robert Wenzlaff

#

# ******* Stuff you NEED to set ************************

OUTPUT quality-f-lc.mpg

BASE_FILE_FORMAT PPM

YUV_SIZE 360x288

#INPUT_CONVERT tgatoppm * # If you have ppm files comment this out

INPUT_DIR . # Read from the current directory

INPUT

Regframe.*.ppm [1000-1098]

END_INPUT

# Hi-Quality mpeg_encode parameter file

# Robert Wenzlaff

#

# ******* Stuff you NEED to set ************************

OUTPUT quality-f-lc.mpg

BASE_FILE_FORMAT PPM

YUV_SIZE 360x288

#INPUT_CONVERT tgatoppm * # If you have ppm files comment this out

INPUT_DIR . # Read from the current directory

INPUT

Regframe.*.ppm [1000-1098]

END_INPUT

NetPBMNetPBM• utilities for primitive manipulation of

graphic images

• converters from one graphics format to another

• mpegs by:– ppmtompeg

• can be built on many Unices including: Linux, AIX, Irix

• get the package from– http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/

• utilities for primitive manipulation of graphic images

• converters from one graphics format to another

• mpegs by:– ppmtompeg

• can be built on many Unices including: Linux, AIX, Irix

• get the package from– http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/

IrfanView (Windows)IrfanView (Windows)

• freeware by Irfan Skiljan from Austria

• http://www.irfanview.com/

• converts between almost 100 image formats

• allows for some basic image manipulation

• I use this almost every day – I find it extremely useful

• freeware by Irfan Skiljan from Austria

• http://www.irfanview.com/

• converts between almost 100 image formats

• allows for some basic image manipulation

• I use this almost every day – I find it extremely useful

TMpgEnc (Windows)TMpgEnc (Windows)

• originally the Tsunami Mpeg Encoder

• http://www.tmpgenc.net/

• shareware by Hiroyuki Hori from Japan

• mpeg 1 encoding is free – must license to do mpeg 2 encoding past a 30 day trial

• originally the Tsunami Mpeg Encoder

• http://www.tmpgenc.net/

• shareware by Hiroyuki Hori from Japan

• mpeg 1 encoding is free – must license to do mpeg 2 encoding past a 30 day trial

Mpeg EncodingMpeg Encoding

• in order to create an mpeg animation from a set of frames I will typically:

• use IrfanView to convert the batch of images to .bmp format

• point TMpgEnc at the first .bmp in the series and click on “start”

• the default values for encoding are very good, but the quality can be made better by simply increasing the bitrate

• in order to create an mpeg animation from a set of frames I will typically:

• use IrfanView to convert the batch of images to .bmp format

• point TMpgEnc at the first .bmp in the series and click on “start”

• the default values for encoding are very good, but the quality can be made better by simply increasing the bitrate