Animals Exhibit Behavior• innate behavior - a behavior that is pre-

programmed into an organisms genes, no learning is required

• learned behavior - a behavior that is not pre-programmed into an organisms genes, learning this behavior is required. However, the ability to learn requires genes.

• social behavior - a behavior that includes the interaction between organisms. Can be learned or innate.

Suckling

• Innate Behavior

• an innate behavior where mammals receive milk from their mothers

Migration

• Innate Behavior.• an innate

behavior where organisms move long distances seasonally to find food or bread

• Immigration / Emigration

Hibernation

• Innate Behavior

• an innate behavior where organisms sleep through the winter to conserve energy

• This requires

storing food in

the den or

storing energy

as fat.

• Slow metabolism

Estivation

• Innate Behavior

• an innate behavior where organisms sleep through long hot dry times to conserve water and energy

Circadian Rhythms

• Innate Behavior

• an innate behavior where organisms remain fixed to an internal clock.

• Some animals are nocturnal.

Taxis

• Innate Behavior

• Moving towards something it needs to survive.

• Phototaxis –

organisms

moving toward

the light.

Imprinting

• Learned Behavior or Innate Behavior?• The first thing a newborn sees will be imprinted

as its “mother”.• The chicks will follow the “mother” everywhere.• Scientists can get

chicks to imprint

them as the

“mother”. The

chicks will follow

the scientist around.

Habituation

• Learned Behavior.• The organism stops responding to a stimuli in

the environment.• The bear will be naturally afraid of humans, but

when it gets food

near humans and

comes into

contact frequently

it is no longer

afraid.

Habituation

• Learned Behavior.• The organism stops responding to a stimuli in

the environment.• The chick sees a

shadow and divesinto the nest thinking it is a raptor.

• Over time it learns to ignore some shadows because they are harmless.

Operant Conditioning• Learned Behavior.

• Associate an abnormal behavior with a reward or consequence.

• Rat rings a bell and gets food when the green light is lit.

• Rat gets

shocked when

the red light

is lit.

Classical Conditioning

• Learned Behavior

• Pavlov’s Dog

• Associate an abnormal stimulus with a normal behavior.

Trial and Error

• Learned Behavior.

• The organism keeps trying and failing until it learns to do it right.

Courtship

• Social Behaviors

• Behaviors that animals do to impress a mate.

• Male “Birds of Paradise” have many feathers and dances to court a mate.

Territorial Defense

• Social Behavior.• Animals will fight to keep other animals out of its

territory.• This maintains the

food and mate supply.Male Siamese fighting fish will fight to the death.

Communication

• Social Behavior.• Pheromones – chemical signals that can be

detected and used for communication.• Ants leave a pheromone trail for other ants to

follow.• Dancing – bees dance to tell other bees where

the good flowers are.• Sounds – Animals will use sounds to warn of

danger, cry for a mother, or talk to each other.

• How do innate behavior patterns function as adaptations for animals? Give some examples in your answers.

• How are learned behaviors of greater adaptive value than innate behaviors? What is the value of learning?