Animals

LIVING THINGS CLASSIFICATION

THE FIVE KINGDOMS

ANIMAL KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION


INVERTEBRATES: animals without a backbone

•Sponges

•Cnidarians.

•Molluscs.

•Annelids.

•Arthropods.

•Echinoderms.


VERTEBRATES: animals with a backbone

•They belong to phylum chordata

ASCIDIAS: Chordates but not vertebrates


Vertebrates characteristics:

•Skeleton with spinal column.

•Digestive system.

•Excretory system.

•Sexual reproduction.

•Nervous system with brain and spinal chord.

SPONGES

SPONGES characteristics:

•They live attached to an underwater

surface

•Their body is covered with pores.

•They feed filtering water. Water goes

out through the osculum.

CNIDARIANS

Characteristics:•Digestive cavity with a single

opening (mouth-anus).

•Tentacles to catch preys.

Gastrovascular cavity

Mouth-anus

Tentacles

ANNELIDS

Characteristics•Bodies are long and cylindrical.

•Bodies divided in segments (metameres).

•They breathe through the skin. (cutaneous

respiration).

•Some of them have distinct sexes but other

are hermaphrodites (sexual reproduction)

Leeches

Earthworms

ANNELIDS

MOLLUSCS

Characteristics•External layer called mantle. Inside they have the visceral mass with organs.

•Internal or external shell.

•Muscular foot.

•Radula: a tonge with teeth for biting and chewing.

MOLLUSCS

Types•Gastropods:

•Spiral shell or no shell (slugs).

•Head with four tentacles.

•Mainly herbivores.

•Cephalopods:

•Head with eyes and mouth.

•Tentacles to catch prey.

•Carnivores.

•Bivalves:

•No head.

•Two shells.

•Filter feeders.

Arthropods

Characteristics•Body divided into segments.

•Jointed limbs (articulated limbs).

•Exoeskeleton with muscles for movement.

•Breathe through trachea or gills.

Arthropods

Characteristics•Metamorphosis (in some cases).

•Moult to grow.

Arthropods

Types:

•Myriapods: Separated head and body

(trunk) formed by many metameres with

legs.

•Arachnids: Body divided in two

parts, cephalotothorax (4 pair of legs)and

abdomen.

•Crustaceans: head and cephalothorax

(usually 5 pairs of legs).

•Insects: Head, thorax (3 pairs of legs) and

abdomen.

FISH

Characteristics:

• Adapted to live in water because:

•They breathe trough gills.

•They have fins to move.

•Their shape is fusiform.

• Their swim bladder fills up with air

allowing them to float.

• They are poikilotherms: don´t control their

body temperature.

•They are mainly oviparous.

FISH

Types:

Cartilaginous: skeleton made of cartilage.

Bony: Bony skeleton.

Amphibians

Characteristics:

• They undergo metamorphosis:

•Larvae breathe through gills and

use a tail as a caudal fin to swim.

•Adults develop limbs, and breathe

through lungs and the skin (cutaneus

respiration).

•Poikilotherms.

•They are oviparous and lay eggs in water.

Amphibians

Types:

Anurans: lose the tail when adults. Four

limbs of different sizes.

Uroldels: don´t lose the tail when adults.

Four limbs of the same size.

Reptiles

Characteristics:

Adapted to live on land:

•Breathe through lungs.

•Body covered with scales that

prevent from dehydration.

•Lay eggs covered with a thick

layer that allow them to survive on

land.

Poikilotherms.

Birds

Characteristics:

Adapted to fly:

•Wings and feathers.

•Hollowed bones.

•Sternum highly developed.

•Air sacs.

Homeotherms.

Mammals

Characteristics:

Females with mammary glands.

Body covered with fur.

Homeotherms.

Most of them viviparous.

Mammals

Types:

Monotrems: oviparous, but with

mammary glands and fur.

Marsupials: viviparous. Babies are

born underdeveloped. Feed on

mammary glands that females have in

a pouch.

Placentals: vivipaous, babies are born

completely developed

Animals

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