Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.
-
Upload
debra-golden -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
Transcript of Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.
![Page 1: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Animal Wholesomeness studies
Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhDGMASSURE23 - 25 November 2015
![Page 2: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CONTENTS•Purpose of studies•Animal studies to evaluate input trait from GM crops•Animal studies to evaluate output traits from GM crops
![Page 3: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
PURPOSE of studies
To confirm the nutritional value of the GM crop
![Page 4: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
USE OF ANIMAL FEEDING STUDIES: GROWTH PERFORMANCE
• Detection of potentially unintended effects • Broiler studies are standard component of
assessment – safety and nutrition• Rapid growth period when sensitive to
SMALL nutritional or anti-nutritional changes
![Page 5: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Best Practices – animals studies – • INPUT TRAITS
• Crop protection against diseases, insect damage, tolerance to herbicides
• OUTPUT TRAITS• Nutritionally enhanced• Reduced levels of toxicants
![Page 6: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTION
![Page 8: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
FLOW CHART: GM diet preparations
SEED
Planting/
growing/harvest/ storage
Analysis
Process
Analysis
Formulate diet
s
Manufac
turing diets
Animal/
product
assessment
Data
analysis
Report /sampl
ing retenti
on
LIMITING VARIABILITY - STATISTICAL ANALYSIS - NUMBER OF ANIMALS
![Page 9: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
POULTRY: Diet
•Starter diet•Grower diet•Finisher diet
![Page 10: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Best Practices• Production, Handling, Storage, Processing crop• Sampling, analysis• Statistical analysis and interpretation of results
![Page 11: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
QUALITY CONTROL: Production, Handling, Storage, Processing crop
SOPs / records Planting (planting design, maintenance of plots) Field plots Growing season Agronomic performance Harvesting Transport equipment Grain storage locations Unloading Storage (e.g. storage moisture) Sample Crops processing
![Page 12: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
QUALITY CONTROL: Sampling (internationally agreed methods)
•Sample lot•Grain sampling (probe)•Hay sampling•Green chopped forage sampling•Pasture sampling•Mixed diet sampling•Handling of samples
![Page 13: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
QUALITY CONTROL: Analysis
•Analysis of :▫Introduced trait▫Pesticides, mycotoxins▫Nutrients, anti-nutrients▫Toxicants
•Analytical methods:▫Chemical, microbiological
![Page 14: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
NUTRIENT ANALYSISCrops/grain/Co-products
Livestock type Analyte
Grain: maize, wheat, barley Non-ruminants xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Oilseed meals, soybean, linseed, cottonseed, canola meal, full-fat oilseeds
Non-ruminants xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Grain: maize, wheat, barley Ruminants xxxxxxxxxxxx
etc
![Page 15: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Anti-nutrients in crops
CROP OF PRODUCT ANTiNUTRIENT
Soy bean / soy bean meal Trypsin inhibitors / lectins
Canola / canola mealRapeseed / rapeseed meal
Glucosinolates
Cotton, cottonseed, cottonseed meal
Gossypol, cyclopropenoid fatty acids
![Page 16: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
MYCOTOXINS
Aflatoxin B1 Fusarenon X
Aflatoxin B2 Deoxynivalenol (DON)
Aflatoxin G1 15- acetyl - DON
Aflatoxin G2 3-acetyl-DON
Ochratoxin A Nivalenol
Citrinin Zearalenone
T-2 toxin Fumonisin B1
HT2-toxin Fumonisin B2
Diacetoxiscirpenol Fumonisin B3
Neosolaniol
![Page 17: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ACCREDITED LABORATORIES
•GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICES (GLP)▫OECD▫SANAS
• METHODS• AOAC official methods e.g.
![Page 18: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
STATEMENTS: signed
•Study leader•Members of team•Forms – transfer (chain of custody),
storage, field characteristics, plot plan, field history fertilizers, herbicides
![Page 19: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
•Hypothesis – basic objectives, what to accomplish
•Treatments•Experimental units (pens?)•Measurements•Experimental design•Can the experimental design be analysed
properly?
![Page 20: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
ESTIMATED NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS (BLOCKS) NEEDED TO DETECT A TREATMENT DIFFERENCE AT P<0.05
Coefficient of
variation (%)
EXPECTED DIFFERENCE (%)
5 10 15 20 25
2 4 3 2 - -
3 7 3 3 2 -
4 12 4 3 3 2
5 17 6 4 3 3
6 24 7 4 3 3
.
.
30 566 142 63 37 24Randomized complete block design with 2 treatments, two-tailed test of significance at P<0.05, 80% power
![Page 21: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
PERFORMANCE, CARCASS YIELD, MEAT QUALITYItem GM soybean Control References
(6)
PERFORMANCE
Live weight D0
Live weight D42
Feed intake (kg/bird) & kg/pen)
Feed conversion factor (kg/kg)
CARCASS YIELD (relative)
Live weight/fat/thigh/drum/wing etc
QUALITY
Moisture/protein/fat (breast/thigh
![Page 22: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
INTERPRETATION
•Non-statistical knowledge should be incorporated
•Design and analysis should be kept simple•Difference between statistical and
practical significance is important
![Page 23: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Interpretation of experimental results
▫Researchers with background and training to interpret results
▫Historical data – same lab and other labs
![Page 24: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Best Practices – animals studies – output traits•Increased nutrient concentrations•Decreased toxicant concentrations
![Page 25: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Case study
•Comparison of performance and carcass parameter when fed diets containing soybean meal produced from GM-soy bean (HIGH OLEIC ACID) control (nearest isoline) or conventional reference soybeans (6 lines)
![Page 26: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Poultry meat production
•Nutrient requirements•Understanding of nutrient digestion,
metabolism, intermediary metabolism , nutritional physiology, pathology and nutrient flow and retention in the bird
•Management of broiler performance▫Climate conditions, water quality
![Page 27: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Poultry meat productionDiet formulation and processing•Particle size, enzyme supplements, change in starch matrix (e.g. effects on gelatinization of the starch), anti-nutritional factors, including growth promoters etc•Digestibility studies (increased amounts of cellulose or hemicellulose, increase amount of amino acids•Bioavailability studies (digestion, absorption, metabolism•Sensory (organoleptic) evaluation
![Page 28: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
PERFORMANCE /CARCASS PARAMETERS•GM soybean meal (increased level of oleic
acid) compared with control and references
•Different levels of GM soybean ? •Parameters•Weight gain – feed intake – feed
conversion•Organs and muscle weights as % of
carcass weight•Fatty acid composition of animal fat•Liver enzymes (GOT etc) liver damage etc
![Page 29: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
CONCLUSION• The results of this study support the conclusion that
there are no differences between the GM meal and the control and the conventional references.
• Therefore the GM meal is equivalent to conventional in the marketplace.
• This study confirms the results from extensive compositional analysis which showed no nutrient and antinutrient differences between the GM and control.
• The data support the conclusion that GM crop is as wholesome and nutritious as the conventional crop on its ability to support rapid growth and equivalent carcass yield
![Page 30: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
references• International harmonisation of study protocols for livestock and poultry performance
ILSI Best Practices ….animal studies……GM crops…output/input traits, 2007
• VICH (2000) Good clinical practices, VICH GL9 (GCP) Available http://vich.eudra.org/pdf/2000/G109_st7.pdf
• Nutrient requirement of domestic animals - cattle, chickens, etc , National Academy of Science , USA
• Taylor et al (2007) Broiler performance and carcass parameters – diets containing GM soymeal, Poultry Science, 86:26-14
![Page 31: Animal Wholesomeness studies Wilna Jansen van Rijssen PhD GMASSURE 23 - 25 November 2015.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012916/5697bfda1a28abf838cb0183/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)