Animal Science 434 Lecture 13:Epididymis, Ejaculation and Semen.
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Transcript of Animal Science 434 Lecture 13:Epididymis, Ejaculation and Semen.
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Animal Science 434
Lecture 13: Epididymis, Ejaculation and Semen
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Head
Neck
MiddlePiece
Annulus
PrincipalPiece
End Piece
AcrosomeSperm Structure
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Sperm From Different Species
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Nucleus
Sperm Head
Nucleus
(Equatorial Segment)
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Plasma MembraneAcrosome
Nucleus
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Acrosome
Nucleus
PlasmaMembrane
•Acrosin•Hyaluronidase
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Middlepiece
Laminated columns(flexibility)
Capitulum
Course outerfibers
Mitochondrial helix(energy)
Posterior head
Axoneme(9 + 9 + 2)
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Midpiece
Annulus
PrincipalPiece
FibrousSheath or helix
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Axoneme
Middle Piece Principal Piece
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Axoneme
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Microtubule Sliding in Sperm Tail
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Sperm Metabolism
Glucose-6-phosphate
AnerobicMetabolism(Glycolysis)
Fructose-6-phosphate
Phosphohexoisomerase
Lactate + 2 ATP + 2 H2O
Tricarboxcylic AcidCycle
Glucose
Fructose
36 ATP/Glucose36 ATP/Fructose
Fatty AcidsAerobic
Metabolism
Hexokinase
Hexokinase
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Sperm Metabolism
Glucose-6-phosphate
AnerobicMetabolism(Glycolysis)
Fructose-6-phosphate
Phosphohexoisomerase
Lactate + 2 ATP + 2 H2O
Tricarboxcylic AcidCycle
Glucose
Fructose
36 ATP/Glucose36 ATP/Fructose
Fatty AcidsAerobic
Metabolism
Hexokinase
Hexokinase
phosphatasephosphatase
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ATP Utilization in Sperm
• motility (60%)
• substrate cycling (40%)– wasted
• maintenance of ionic gradients– very small amount
• transcription and translation– none after condensation of nucleus and
loss of residual body
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Sperm Metabolism
• Temperature dependent– ATP production increases as temperature
increases
• ATP dependent processes are temperature dependent–motility increases with increasing
temperature
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Effect of Temperature on MotilityV
elo
city
(µ
m/s
)
Temperature (C)
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Transport of Sperm
Caput
ReteTestis
SeminiferousTubule
VasEfferentia
VasDeferens
Corpus
Cauda
• bulk fluid flow• contractions of
of myoid cells
• fluid flow• RT secretion
• fluid flow• cilia
• contractions
• contractions
• contractions
• contractions
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Epididymal Function
1. Maturation– change in fertility– develop motility– nuclear condensation– cytoplasmic droplet
2. Concentration– remove water
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Epididymal Function
3. Secretion– T DHT– energy substrates (GPC, free fatty acids,
carnitine)– glycoproteins, lipids, enzymes
4. Transport– smooth muscle contraction
5. Storage– cauda
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Hormonal Control of Epididymis
• Caput– tubal testosterone
• Corpus– tubal dihydrotestosterone (DHT)– vascular testosterone
• Cauda– tubal DHT– vascular testosterone
• Absolute need for Androgen• Absolute need for Androgen
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ErectionSensorySensory
SympatheticSympathetic
Inhibit vasoconstrictionInhibit vasoconstriction
relaxation of penileretractor muscle
relaxation of penileretractor muscle
ParasympatheticParasympathetic
contraction of ischiocavernosus
muscle
contraction of ischiocavernosus
muscle
decreasedvenousoutflow
decreasedvenousoutflow
dilation ofvessels
dilation ofvessels
engorgementof corpus
cavernosum
engorgementof corpus
cavernosum
PsychicPsychic
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Emission and EjaculationSensorySensory PsychicPsychic
SympatheticSympathetic
smooth muscle contraction ofprostate, seminal vesicles,
vas deferens, cauda epididymis,closure of the sphincter
to the bladder
smooth muscle contraction ofprostate, seminal vesicles,
vas deferens, cauda epididymis,closure of the sphincter
to the bladder
emissionemission
ParasympatheticParasympathetic
striated muscle contractionof ischiocavernosus,
bulbospongiosus,pelvic urethral
striated muscle contractionof ischiocavernosus,
bulbospongiosus,pelvic urethral
ejaculationejaculation
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Ejaculate CharacteristicsSpecies Time lapse for Composition of
Bull 1 second single fraction
Ram 1 second single fraction
Boar 5 - 25 minutes fractionatedsperm-freesperm-richcoagulum
Stallion 30 - 60 seconds fractionatedsperm-freesperm-rich
mucus
Human 10 - 30 seconds single fraction but coagulated
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Components of Semen• water• sperm• substrates– fructose– sorbitol– inositol– glycerol phosphatidyl choline (GPC)– citric acid
• inorganic salts– sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride
• proteins
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Initial Semen Evaluation
• color
• volume
• concentration
• motility
• viability
• morphology
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Ejaculate Characteristics
Species Ejaculate Sperm Total Sperm % %Volume Conc. (x109) Motile Normal
(x109/ml) /Ejaculate
Bull 8.0 1.5 12 75 95
Ram 1.0 3.0 3 95 95
Boar 200 .25 50 70 90
Stallion 80 .15 12 70 40-90
Man 2-6 .15 .9 65 30-70