ANIMAL NUTRITION

(animals eat too!!)

NUTRITION The process which animals consume

and utilize food. Feed efficiency= rate of gain To insure proper nutrition the feed must

also have proper nutrients to support the life processes of the animal.

The diet must also provide a balanced ration

Balanced ration- Total amount of feed an animal gets in a 24-hour period

6 ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS

IMPORTANCE

Needed to insure life Provide lots of energy Without all 6: problems in reproduction, lactation,

body mass, and maturity can occur

WATER THIS IS SUPER IMPORTANT to EVERY

diet! Helps dissolve and carry nutrients the

animal eats Helps control body temperature Helps chemical reactions take place Animal bodies are made up of 40%-80%

of water

CARBOHYDRATES Provide ENERGY for body cells which

powers muscular movements like heartbeat, walking, breathing, and digestive contractions.

Produce the body heat to keep the animal warm.

Extra carbs are stored in the body as fat

Simple Carbs= sugars and starches (easily digested)

Complex Carbs= cellulose and fiber (more difficult to digest)

LIPIDS AND FATS Provide energy and body heat Carry the fat-soluble vitamins in the

feed Has 2.5 times the energy value of carbs Easily digested by animals Comes from veggie and animal sources Feeds contain 1%-5% fat

PROTEIN Supply material to build body tissue Essential for fetal development Needed for hair, hooves, skin, internal

organs, and muscles There are 10 amino acids essential for

swine and 4 for poultry 13 nonessential are needed by animals,

but are synthesized in the body from other amino acids(ruminants)

Monogastric have to get amino acids in their feed

MINERALS Provide material for bone, teeth, and

tissue growth Aid in muscular activity, reproduction,

digestion, repair and formation of tissue, and release of energy for body heat

Major minerals= those needed in large amounts

Trace minerals= needed in small amounts

Lack of minerals leads to deficiency All minerals are inorganic

VITAMINS Aids in disease resistance Carries out body functions Fat soluble= vitamin A, D, E, K Water soluble= vitamin C, B *Needed only in very small amounts All vitamins are organic

5 DIFFERENT DIETS

MAINTENANCE Keep em just the way they are

Diet consists of high in carbs and fats, but low in protein, vitamins, and minerals

Dogs and cats that are matured are usually on this diet

GROWTH Increasing the size of muscles,

organs, and bones

Diet consists of protein, minerals, and vitamins

Usually not matured animals are on this diet such as dairy heifers and weight gaining animals

REPRODUCTION Breeding stage or when animal is

pregnant Diet consists of vitamins, minerals, and

protein Examples of animals on reproductive

diet is any pregnant animal

LACTATION Mammals with a baby (nursing) Diet consists of fats, proteins, calcium,

and phosphorus Examples of animals lactating are those

producing eggs and milk

WORK Animals used for labor Diet consists of salt, water, carbs,

minerals, vitamins Examples of these animals include a

mule, donkey, or a horse