Animal Kingdom

Ch- 7 Diversity in Living organisms

The Animal Kingdom Multicellular with true tissues Specialized eukaryotic cells Limited growth, till maturity Possess a definite shape,

size and symmetry. Have their own means of

locomotion. Muscular/nervous systems

unique to animals Consumers- ingest food. Organisation - till organ

system

PHYLUM - PORIFERA Sponges

organisms with holes (pores) Covered with tiny openings, or pores, called ostia Larger openings are called oscula Skeleton made of spicules (endoskeleton) no tissues differentiation Sessile (permanently attached as adults.) Asymmetrical- no symmetry live in Sea water, some in fresh water Asexual reproduction (budding);Internal fertilization

(sexual)

Phylum Porifera

Phylum - Cnidaria/Coelenterata Characteristics:

Radial symmetry( many lines that can divide the animal into equal parts)

Body made up of two layers -tube-like body (cavity) Medusa- (bowl shaped). Free-floating, umbrella-shaped body (Lack skeleton) Polyp-(like a vase with a mouth opening at the top)

Sessile Tentacles- Arm-like projections covered in stinging

cells (cnidocytes/nematocysts) Carnivores use stinging cells to capture prey

& defend selves Asexual rep. (budding);External fertilization (Sexual)

Phylum Cnidaria/Coelenterata

Phylum Cnidaria/Coelenterata

Coral

Hydra

Phylum - Platyhelmithes Flatworms

Characteristics: Dorsoventrally flat, Ribbon-like bodies, Bilateral symmetry (1

line that can divide the animal into 2 identical parts)

Triploblastic - body made up of 3 layers of cells No true internal body cavity/coelom well developed nervous system, primitive brain,

respiratory and circulatory systems are under developed.

No skeleton Asexual (fission); Hermaphrodites (both sexual organs) Free living or parasitic

Phylum Platyhelmithes

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Liver fluke

Marine flat worms

Phylum NematodaRoundworms

Ascaris, Trichinella and hookworms Characteristics:

Flattened Body has more than two cell layers, tissues and organs. Bilateral symmetry Live just about everywhere and Many are parasites Fluid-filled body cavity called a pseudocoelem Digestive tube - gut with a subterminal anus. No skeleton Has a nervous system with pharyngeal nerve ring. Sexual reproduction (Internal fertilization) Free movement Skin breathing

Phylum Nematoda Ascaris

Trichinella

Trichinosis Trichinella spiralis is found

in pork Trichinosis is a disease

caused by the Trichinella worm.

Eggs hatch in the host’s gut Symptoms:

Diarrhea Fever Muscle pain Death

Hookworms Hookworms attach to

the inside of the digestive tract

Often found in pets

Phylum Annelida Segmented worms

Body possesses a through gut with mouth and anus. Crop and gizzard digestion Bilateral symmetry Body cavity is a true coelom, often divided by internal septa. Internal fertilization (sexual) well developed nervous system, true closed circulatory system. No true respiratory organ Feed a wide range of material. Live in most environments. Hydrostatic endoskeleton Muscular movement Skin breathing Leeches

Used to be used in medicine to clean blood Earthworms

Benefits: Aerate the soil Provide nutrients to the soil

Phylum Annelida Earthworm

Leech

Phylum Annelida Marine segmented

worm

Phylum - Echinodermata• Endoskeleton of ossicles• Water-vascular system for movement• Spicules- spike-like projection• External fertilization (sexual) • Possess 5-rayed symmetry, mostly radial, sometimes bilateral. • Body has more than two cell layers, tissues and organs. • Body cavity a true coelom. • Most possesses a through gut with an anus. • Body shape highly variable, but with no head. • Nervous system includes a circum-oesophageal ring. • Has a poorly defined open circulatory system. • Possesses a water vascular system, which hydraulically operates the tube feet - suction cups or

feeding tentacles. • Without excretory organs. • Normally possesses a subepidermal system of calcareous plates • Feeds on fine particles in the water, detritus or other animals. • All live marine environments.

Phylum Echinodermata

Sea Urchin

Sea star (starfish)

Phylum Echinodermata

Sand dollar

Sea cucumber

Phylum - Mollusca Soft-bodied animals Bilateral symmetry Visceral mass- Central mass containing organs Mantle- Outer layer of the body Body has more than two cell layers, tissues and organs. Body possesses a through gut with mouth and anus. Body monomeric and highly variable in form, may possess a dorsal or lateral

shells of protein and calcareous spicules. nervous system with a circum-oesophagal ring, ganglia and paired nerve chords. Has an open circulatory system with a heart and an aorta. Has gaseous exchange organs called ctenidial gills. Has a pair of kidneys. Radula- Tongue-like organ Foot (Pseudopodium)- Used for locomotion Many have a shell to protect the soft body

Univalve- One-part shell Bivalve- Two-part shell

Sexual (external and internal fertilization)

Phylum Mollusca Oysters

Clams

Phylum Mollusca Mussells

Phylum Mollusca Snail

Octopus Ink- chemical defense

Phylum Mollusca

Squid

Phylum Arthropoda Animals with:

Exoskeleton Bilateral symmetry Jointed legs- Bendable Compound eyes- Many lenses Molting- shedding exoskeleton to grow Malpighian tubules: function much like kidneys/silk Segmented bodies

Head Thorax Abdomen Cephalothorax- fused head and thorax

External and internal fertilization

Phylum Arthropoda Class Crustacea- Five pairs of legs Class Insecta- Three pairs of legs Class Arachnida- Four pairs of legs Class Chilopoda- One pair of legs per

segment Class Diploda- Two pair of legs per segment

Class Crustacea

Barnacle Alaskan King Crab

Class Crustacea

Lobster Shrimp

Class Insecta Ant

Cricket

Class Insecta Grasshopper

Societal insects(Hierarchy): Ants, bees, wasps,

hornets, and termites Division of labor

Castes- Roles played by individuals

Metamorphosis

Complete metamorphosis- Adult lays eggs, eggs hatch into a larvae, larvae develops into a pupa and surrounds itself with a chrysalis/cocoon and emerges as an adult

Incomplete metamorphosis- Eggs hatch into a nymph and grow into an adult.

Class Arachnida Black widow House spider Scorpion

Class Arachnida Brown recluse

Brown recluse bite

Class Chilopoda

Centipede

Class Diploda Millipede