ANIMAL KINGDOMPgs. 294-302

All members of the Kingdom Animalia have the following

characteristics: Type of cells: EUKARYOTICCellular organization: MULTICELLULARType of reproduction: ASEXUAL/SEXUALFood production: HETEROTROPHIC BY INGESTION

The Aye-Aye is a nocturnal animal that lives in Madagascar.

The angler fish The Kiwi bird, although only the size of a chicken lays an egg that weighs about 1 pound!.

Animals are Multi-CellularLet’s Review:

Cells: basic unit of structure and function in living things are arranged into…..Tissues: similar cells that perform a specific function are arranged into……Organs: group of several different tissues are arranged into…...Organ systems: groups of organs that perform a broad function

All animals, no matter their size, appearance or habitat they live in carry out

the SAME functions.• Get food and oxygen

• Keep internal conditions stable

• Move

• Reproduce

Animals EAT!• Animals have certain

adaptations that allow them to eat a certain diet.– Ex. fangs. talons, claws,

pinchers, sharp teeth, etc.

• Being heterotrophic gives an animal energy for breathing and moving.

• Digestion is internal– Food is broken down

INSIDE the body.

Manatees are herbivores and can fill 90% of their lungs with oxygen. This allows them to stay under water for 20 minutes feeding on plants.

Animals and Homeostasis• Animals MUST

maintain a stable environment inside their bodies in order to survive.– Body temperature– Levels of oxygen in

blood– Levels of sugar in the

blood

Animals Move!• All animals move AT

SOME POINT IN THEIR LIVES.

• Animals move to meet their basic needs– Make and maintain a

shelter– Find food– Get water– Find a mate

Coral is an animal that is stationary during its adult life but moves during its early stage of life.

Animals Reproduce!

• Sexual reproduction: the fertilization of an egg by sperm – (2 sex cells join)

• Asexual reproduction: a new organism reproduces another organism similar to itself– (one parent)

Classification of Animals• The animal kingdom

is divided in to phyla.• All vertebrates are

divided into one phylum, while all the other invertebrates make up the remaining animal phyla.

Animals are classified by their body structure, DNA, and how it develops.

BASIC BODY CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMALS

Body symmetry - the way body parts are arranged around a point or central axis. Directions on the body - used to describe areas on the body of an animal. Pattern of body development - a sequence of developmental steps. Formation of germ layers - layers of specialized cells in the early development.

BODY SYMMETRY BILATERAL - THE BODY CAN BE

DIVIDED INTO TWO IDENTICAL HALVES BY ONLY ONE SPECIFIC PLANE THROUGH THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS.

BODY SYMMETRY RADIAL -

THE BODY CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO IDENTICAL HALVES BY ANY PLANE THAT PASSES THROUGH THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS.

BODY SYMMETRY ASYMMETRICAL -

THE BODY HAS NO DEFINITE SHAPE AND CANNOT BE DIVIDED INTO TWO IDENTICAL HALVES.

Sea sponge is asymmetrical

DIRECTIONS ON AN ANIMAL BODY

DORSAL -TOP SURFACEANTERIOR -

FRONT END

VENTRAL -BOTTOM SURFACE

POSTERIOR -HIND END

Developmental Stages1.ZYGOTE-THE FERTILIZED EGG.

2. EMBRYO-THE DEVELOPING FERTILIZED EGG.

3. FETUS-THE EMBRYO HAS DEVELOPED TO THE POINT THAT IT BEGINS TO RESEMBLE THE MATURE ORGANISM.

Vertebrate embryos look alike in their early development

1.

                                                                                                                 

       

GERM LAYERS• WHAT IS A GERM LAYER?

•Specialization of body tissues in common animals.•2 or 3 germ layers may develop while the animal is forming•These cell layers become specific structures and organs in the animal.

a.ECTODERM-CELLS ON THE OUTSIDE THAT BECOME THE BODY COVERINGBODY COVERING.

b.MESODERM-A MIDDLE LAYER OF CELLS THAT FORMS MUSCLES AMUSCLES AND INTERIOR ORGANSND INTERIOR ORGANS.

c.ENDODERM- INSIDE CELLS THAT FORM THE GUTGUT