Animal Health & Maintenance

Animal Health & Maintenance

A. Identify signs of good and bad animal health;B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and

welfare;C. Describe common animal diseases, their

transmission, and treatment;D. Describe common animal parasites, how they

are transmitted, and their prevention; E. List & describe basic procedures performed

to maintain animal health;F. Describe basic housing requirements for

typical domestic animals;G. Design an animal facility.

A. Identify signs of good and bad animal health.

Animals with Good Health… Normal feces and urine

Regular body temperature, respiration, &

pulse rate

Alertness


Animals with Good Health…Skin and Coat should be oily (shiny) and

elastic-like

Eyes bright and membranes pinkish

Aggressive eating**Ruminants should be seen chewing cud


Animals with Good Health… Contented animals look free from anxiety. Some animals have specific signs to look for and others take a trained eye to recognize. For Example:

Pigs will curl their tails when they are content and sheep will stay quiet.


Animals with Poor Health… IsolationGoes off feedDroopy head & earsLower milk production


Animals with Poor Health…Rough-looking, dull hair coatDiscolored urine or fecesGlassy eyesLimited movement

B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare.

Animal Ethics & WelfareWhat are ethics?? Ethics: something

governed by moral principles.


Is this a real

problem??

Is Factory Farming ethical??


http://www.animalethics.org.uk/animal-rights-motto.html

B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare. Animal Rights vs. Animal Ethics

Animal Rights Animal EthicsA practical pursuit of applying morality to everyday situations.

An academic field of study that seeks to determine how we should behave to animals.

Concentrates only on rights, a sub-set of animal ethics.

Includes animal rights but has broader scope.

Asserts that using animals for human gain is morally wrong.

Asks how we should treat animals and provides a number of approaches.

Is a doctrine about how we should treat animals.

Is impartial and does not offer any particular moral viewpoint about animals.

Asserts that we have a duty to give animals rights and we should respect those rights.

Attempts to resolve moral animal-human issues using a number of schemes.

Concentrates on animals that sense and feel.

Applies to all animals.


http://isacat.imagekind.com/Isacat


Animal Ethics & Welfare

The 5 Freedoms:1.Freedom from thirst, hunger

and malnutrition - by ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigor.

2.Freedom from discomfort - by providing a suitable environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area.

3.Freedom from pain, injury and disease - by prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment.


Animal Ethics & WelfareThe 5 Freedoms:4. Freedom to express normal

behavior -by providing sufficient space, proper facilities and company of the animals own kind.

5. Freedom from fear and distress - by ensuring conditions that avoid mental suffering.

Disease & Parasite Prevention

What types of medication are used?•Wormers•Vitamins & Minerals•Antibiotics•Vaccines•Serum

B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare. Types of Syringes• Syringes consist of a barrel and a

plunger• Disposable— mostly plastic,

usually thrown away after use• Reusable— made of glass, plastic

and metal; must be sanitized between each use

• Automatic— delivers larger doses repeatedly; ideal for vaccinating sows, steers and cows

Syringes and needles are sized by gauge (diameter) and length

Common needle gauges: 16, 18 & 20• The smaller the gauge number, the larger

the needle.Common needle lengths (inches): ¼, ½, ¾, 1, 1¼, 1½, & 2

Syringe & Needle Size

Plunger

Barrel

NeedleCa

p

3 Types of Injections1. Intramuscular (IM): injections given

directly into the muscle. 1” needle use is common for young animals and 1.5” needle for adults.

2. Subcutaneous (Sub-Q): injections given into the tissue directly below the skin. ½” to 1” needle is favorable.

“Tent” the skin when giving a Sub-Q injection.

3 Types of Injections

3. Intravenous (IV): injections given into the veins. ½” to 1” needle is favorable.

3 Types of Injections

Injection Lesions

HELPFUL TIPS 1. ALWAYS give injections in front

of the shoulder.

2. Give injections SUB-Q when possible.

3. Keep injection sites at least 4 inches apart.

HELPFUL TIPS 4. Maximum dose for one site= 10

mL

5. Use proper size and length needles.

6. Read and follow directions for the specific product being used.

Bell Quiz 3/15/12

1.What are the parts of a syringe?

2.What are 3 types of Injections?

3.What is a gauge?

4.What are 2 helpful tips when giving

injections?

Parasites•Symbiosis: biological relationship in which two dissimilar organisms live together in a close association.•Parasitism: close, long-term symbiotic relationship in which one organism obtains its nutrition from another organism.

HOST vs. PARASITE

D. Describe common animal parasites, how they are transmitted, and their prevention;


ParasitesParasites cause almost a billion dollars worth of damage to agricultural animals each year. Parasites will live out one or more phases of their life cycle at the expense of the host animal. These parasites can live outside or inside the host’s body.


Internal Parasites•Most internal parasites are found in the digestive system of an animal; particularly the intestines.

• Internal Parasites include:TapewormsRoundwormsCoccidia

External Parasites•External Parasites are visible to the human eye and can be taken care quicker than internal parasites.

•External Parasites include:FliesTicksFleasMosquitoesLiceMites


Animal ProcessingE. List & describe basic procedures performed to maintain

animal health;

Castration•What is castration?

Removal of the testicles.•Why do we castrate animals?

Castration is a means of birth control and behavior modification. Animals that have been castrated tend to be less aggressive and easier to handle.


animal health;

•What tools & methods are used for castration?

EmasculatorBurdizzo CheeriosCastrating Knife

Dehorning•What is dehorning?

Removal of horns.•Why do we dehorn animals?

Dehorning prevents animals from causing harm to others in the herd, themselves, or humans. It also saves space.


animal health;

•What tools & methods are used for dehorning?

Hot IronsSawsDehornersChemicals

*To stop bleeding after dehorning, heat cauterizing or dusting powder is typically used.


animal health;


animal health;

Identification•Why is Identification important?

• Identification helps in keeping accurate records in small or large herds.

•What is the NAIS?•National Animal Identification System

•Government run program that identifies & tracks specific animals.

•What are some common methods of Identification?

•Branding•Ear Tagging•Tattooing•Ear Notching•Waddles


animal health;

•What are some common methods of Identification?

BrandingEar TaggingTattooingEar NotchingTransmitters

*Use an ID method that is best for you!!

Test Review

What are signs of good animal health?

What are signs of poor animal health?

What are ethics? What is a current issue in Animal

Ethics? Why are Animal Ethics important? As agriculturists and animal

producers, how can we help society understand animal ethics?

What are the 5 freedoms?

Test Review Disposable vs. Automatic Syringes What is a gauge? What is the range for length of needles? What are 3 types of injections? What are 3 helpful tips for giving injections? What is Zoonosis, Symbiosis, & Parasitism? Where are Internal Parasites found and what are some

examples of internal parasites? What are some examples of External Parasites? What is castration & dehorning? Why do we castrate & dehorn animals? What are tools/methods used? What is the NAIS What are methods of Identification

Animal Health & Maintenance

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