Animal Digestion
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Transcript of Animal Digestion
Animal DigestionAnimal Digestion
Chapter #2Chapter #2
What are What are NutrientsNutrients??
parts of food which provide for growth, parts of food which provide for growth, maintenance, body functionsmaintenance, body functions
Carbohydrates (CHO)Carbohydrates (CHO) FatsFats ProteinsProteins VitaminsVitamins MineralsMinerals WaterWater
What is a What is a RuminantRuminant??
Animals with more than one stomachAnimals with more than one stomach Chew their cud (re-chew food)Chew their cud (re-chew food) Cows, sheep, goatsCows, sheep, goats Cows have four stomachsCows have four stomachs Alf has eight stomachsAlf has eight stomachs
Why don’t cattle need as much B Why don’t cattle need as much B vitamins?vitamins?
Microorganisms in the stomach of the cow Microorganisms in the stomach of the cow make their own B vitaminsmake their own B vitamins
Can also make some proteins if given the Can also make some proteins if given the right kind of Nitrogenright kind of Nitrogen
NonRuminantsNonRuminants
Foragers: Horse, rabbitForagers: Horse, rabbit NonForagers: pig, poultryNonForagers: pig, poultry
How much to feed?How much to feed?
Depends on function of animalDepends on function of animal Pregnant, Lactating, Working, GrowingPregnant, Lactating, Working, Growing How often to feedHow often to feed
Depends on stomach size & rate of Depends on stomach size & rate of metabolismmetabolism
Stomach size is relavant to amount of Stomach size is relavant to amount of feed fedfeed fed
Mink = 4-6 times/day, Cows = 1-2 /dayMink = 4-6 times/day, Cows = 1-2 /day
What foods give energy?What foods give energy?
Carbohydrates (starch & cellulose) & FatsCarbohydrates (starch & cellulose) & Fats Fat = 2 1/2 times energy of CHOFat = 2 1/2 times energy of CHO Energy is major part of a feed rationEnergy is major part of a feed ration Up to 90% of a ration for a steerUp to 90% of a ration for a steer Measured in Kilocalories or TDN (Total Measured in Kilocalories or TDN (Total
Digestible Nutrients)Digestible Nutrients)
What are What are ProteinsProteins??
Used to build muscle, body tissueUsed to build muscle, body tissue Made of amino acidsMade of amino acids Ruminants can make some proteinsRuminants can make some proteins Simple Stomachs need specific amino acidsSimple Stomachs need specific amino acids
What are What are MineralsMinerals??
Natural elements which regulate certain Natural elements which regulate certain body functionsbody functions
Na, Ca, P, Fe, Cu, K, Mn, Mg, Zn, Mo, Se, Na, Ca, P, Fe, Cu, K, Mn, Mg, Zn, Mo, Se, I, CoI, Co
Most are trace mineralsMost are trace minerals
What are What are vitaminsvitamins??
Compounds responsible for certain Compounds responsible for certain functionsfunctions
Fat Soluable = A, D, E, KFat Soluable = A, D, E, K Water Soluable = B, CWater Soluable = B, C
What are What are additivesadditives??
Antibiotics: disease preventionAntibiotics: disease prevention Coccidiostats: control parasitesCoccidiostats: control parasites Xanthophyll: makes egg yolks yellowXanthophyll: makes egg yolks yellow Hormones: increase growthHormones: increase growth Tranquilizers: calm nerves (cattle, turkeys)Tranquilizers: calm nerves (cattle, turkeys) Antioxidants: prevent feed from getting rancidAntioxidants: prevent feed from getting rancid Pellet Binders: keep in pellet formPellet Binders: keep in pellet form Flavoring Agents: make taste betterFlavoring Agents: make taste better
Livestock FeedingLivestock Feeding
Roughage = high fiber, low energyRoughage = high fiber, low energy Concentrate = low fiber, high energyConcentrate = low fiber, high energy
How is a ration balanced?How is a ration balanced?
Pearson square: balance a ration using any Pearson square: balance a ration using any two ingredients for one nutrienttwo ingredients for one nutrient
How much Soybean Meal (44% Protein) How much Soybean Meal (44% Protein) should be mixed with Barley (13% Protein) should be mixed with Barley (13% Protein) to get a mixture that is 16% protein?to get a mixture that is 16% protein?
Pearson SquarePearson Square
SoybeanMeal 44%
Barley 13%
16%
SBM = 3 parts
Barley = 28 parts
Total Parts = 31
Pearson SquarePearson Square
Soybean Meal = 3 partsSoybean Meal = 3 parts Barley = 28 partsBarley = 28 parts Total Parts = 31Total Parts = 31 Soybean Meal = 3/31 or 10%Soybean Meal = 3/31 or 10% Barley = 28/31 or 90%Barley = 28/31 or 90% If mixing a ton (2000#) SBM = 200#, If mixing a ton (2000#) SBM = 200#,
Barley = 1800#Barley = 1800#