Animal Circulation and Animal Circulation and RespirationRespiration

SUNY Orange atSUNY Orange at

S. S. Seward InstituteS. S. Seward Institute

External gills of a salmonExternal gills of a salmon

Evolution of CirculationEvolution of Circulation

Prokaryotes – diffusionProkaryotes – diffusion

Unicellular eukaryotes – Unicellular eukaryotes – cyclosiscyclosis

Aquatic invertebratesAquatic invertebrates– JellyfishJellyfish– hydrahydra

Aurelia (moon jelly)

Internal transport in the cnidarian Aurelia

Open and closed circulatory systems

Generalized circulatory schemes of vertebrates

The mammalian heart: a closer look

Overview: mammalian cardiovascular system

The cardiac cycle

The control of heart rhythmThe control of heart rhythm

The structure of blood vessels

The interrelationship of blood flow velocity, cross-sectional area of blood vessels, and blood pressure

Blood flow in veinsBlood flow in veins

Atherosclerosis: normal artery and artery with plaque

Blood flow in capillary beds

The interrelationship of blood flow velocity, cross-sectional area of blood vessels, and blood pressure

Sphygmomanometers

Measurement of blood pressure

Measurement of blood pressure

Measurement of blood pressure

Measurement of blood pressure

Hypertension – high blood pressure

The interrelationship of blood flow velocity, cross-sectional area of blood vessels, and blood pressure

Hypertension

Causes:Causes:

The movement of fluid between capillaries and the The movement of fluid between capillaries and the interstitial fluidinterstitial fluid

Blood smearBlood smear

The composition of mammalian bloodThe composition of mammalian blood

Differentiation of blood cellsDifferentiation of blood cells

Blood clotBlood clot

The role of gas exchange in bioenergeticsThe role of gas exchange in bioenergetics

Diversity in the structure of gills, external body Diversity in the structure of gills, external body surfaces functioning in gas exchangesurfaces functioning in gas exchange

External gills of a salmonExternal gills of a salmon

The structure and function of fish gillsThe structure and function of fish gills

Countercurrent exchangeCountercurrent exchange

Tracheal systemsTracheal systems

The mammalian respiratory systemThe mammalian respiratory system

Negative pressure breathingNegative pressure breathing

AlveoliAlveoli

Alveolar structure of mouse lungAlveolar structure of mouse lung

Alveolar structure of mouse lungAlveolar structure of mouse lung

animation

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The avian respiratory systemThe avian respiratory system

Automatic control of breathingAutomatic control of breathing

Loading and unloading of respiratory gasesLoading and unloading of respiratory gases

Oxygen dissociation curves for hemoglobinOxygen dissociation curves for hemoglobin

Dissociation curves for two hemoglobinsDissociation curves for two hemoglobins

Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide transport in transport in the bloodthe blood

The Weddell seal, The Weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddelli,Leptonychotes weddelli, a deep-diving mammal a deep-diving mammal

Consider the respiratory Consider the respiratory system in a human and the system in a human and the respiratory system in a diving respiratory system in a diving mammal. What adaptations mammal. What adaptations are present in the diving are present in the diving mammal and how to they mammal and how to they work to maintain work to maintain homeostasis while diving.homeostasis while diving.