Animal Cells and Tissues
Transcript of Animal Cells and Tissues
ANIMAL CELL SHAPES
1. squamous – irregular shape, e.g. cheek cells
2. disc-shaped – coin-like, flattened circles, e.g. mammalian red blood cells
3. spherical/globular – e.g. fat globules
4. oval –e.g. amphibian red blood cells
5. cuboidal –e.g. kidney epithelial cells
6. columnar – tall and rectangular , e.g. epithelial cells lining villi
7. threadlike – e.g. sperm cells
8. cylindrical –e.g. skeletal muscle cells
9. fusiform – elongated, oval cells with tapered ends, e.g. smooth muscle cells
10. stellate – branching, assumes a star-like shape, e.g. neurons
ANIMAL TISSUES
EPITHELIAL TISSUE• serves as body coverings• covers external body parts• lines internal tubes and cavities• functions
• protection• secretion• excretion• lubrication• sensory reception• reproduction
ORGANIZATION OF EPITHELIAL TISSUES
CONNECTIVE TISSUE• scattered cells in a matrix
HAS MANY DIFFERENT TYPES1. connective tissue proper (CTP)
• dense CTP• tendons – attach muscles to bone• ligament – attach bone to bone
• loose CTP• covers the muscles
• adipose tissue• stores energy in the form of fat
CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER
PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF DENSE CTP
PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF DENSE CTP
2. cartilage• composed of cells (chondrocytes) embedded in
a tough but flexible matrix• matrix contains collagen• for support• serves as the precursor to bone• e.g. nose and ears
PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF CARTILAGE (x.s.)
lacuna
chondrocyte
matrix
3. bone• composed of cells (osteocytes) embedded in a
hard matrix• matrix contains calcium phosphate• for support and protection of internal organs
PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF BONE (x.s.)
4. vascular • composed of blood and lymph• blood
• transports various substances like oxygen, nutrients and hormones all over the body
• for immunity• lymph
• maintains aqueous condition inside the body
PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF BLOOD
MUSCULAR TISSUE
• composed of muscle fibres (protein)
TYPES1. skeletal muscles
• attached to bones• for voluntary/conscious movements • striated or banded
2. smooth muscles• for involuntary/unconscious movements • not striated or banded
3. cardiac muscle• the heart• pumps blood all over the body• striated/banded• involuntary/unconscious
HUMAN MUSCLE TYPES
PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF SMOOTH MUSCLE
PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF CARDIAC MUSCLE
MUSCULAR MOVEMENT
THE SLIDING FILAMENT MODEL
NERVOUS TISSUE
• composed of neurons (nerve cells)
Photomicrograph of nervous tissue Photomicrograph of a neuron
epineurium
fascicle
perineurium
NERVE X.S.
CAT OVARY X.S.
germinal epithelium
follicle
loose connective tissue
When describing slides, take note of the ff:
colour of the staincell shapein tissues, describe the cells’ organization
and arrangementidentify all pertinent structuresif possible, identify functions of labelled
structures