Animal Behavior Chapter 37. Animal Behavior Basically Stimulus and Response Link to Your Genes &...
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Transcript of Animal Behavior Chapter 37. Animal Behavior Basically Stimulus and Response Link to Your Genes &...
Animal Behavior
Chapter 37
Animal Behavior
• Basically Stimulus and Response
• Link to Your Genes & Culture
• Remember the Pillbugs
a) Proximate Cause
• Ex: Digger wasp• Immediate interaction with
environment• Identifies the “HOW”
– Locate nest via landmarks
• Still examine the “WHY”– Reproductive Success
b) Innate Behavior
• Behavior involves combo of GENETICS & EXPERIENCE.
• Innate => FAP (Fixed Action Pattern)• Basically Stimulus (“Sign Stimulus”) &
Response–EX: Graylag goose and Egg retrieval–Goose can only perform the FAP as a
whole sequence
Types of Learning:
• Learning = Innate Behavior + Experience• Table p. 742
• 1) Habituation: organism learns not to respond to repeated stimulus.– Ex: Scarecrow
Learning Cont’d• 2) Imprinting: learning limited to specific
time period of organism’s life (“sensitive period”)
• Sensitive period varies with species–Ex: offspring “knowing” its parents
• Both Innate (Genes) & Learned Behavior– Innate = ability to imprint during period–Learned = actual imprinting
Learning Cont’d
• 3) Associative Learning• Recall the “Skinner box”
–Lever / food
• Ex: Trial-and-error Learning–When an organism links a behavioral
act with a positive or negative effect.
Learning Cont’d
• 4) Imitation• Ex: Jaguar cub hunting with Mother
• Basic hunting practices• NOT limited to sensitive period• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
yhG-_KsDYTA&feature=related
Learning Cont’d
• 5) Problem Solving• Nervous system active in information
processing.
• Ex: Chimp using stick for “termite fishing”
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nh9XL08Akwc
Self-Consciousness• Consciousness = awareness of self
within an environment.• Anthropomorphism = ascribing human
emotion / motivations to animals• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-pc_M2
qI74&feature=related• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kY6QS8
BBZE&feature=related
Ecology & Learning• Behavior is AN EVOLUTIONARY
ADAPTATION!!!
• Circadian Rhythms link Behavior & Environment
–Sleep / wake cycles influenced heavily by amounts of light / lack of light.
Ecology & LearningHumans have 25 hour sleep cycle
• Cluster of neurons in hypothalamus (suprachiasmatic nucleus) is Bio. Clock
• Gene Expression Clocks: – Stimulus -> Gene-> Priotein
• Follini experiment identified how Physiological Features are impacted by Circadian rhythms
Social Behavior• Feeding Behaviors linked to energy gain &
energy expenditure.
• Migration & Feeding in Lg groups.• Ex include: aggression, courtship,
cooperation, & communication.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOrgOW9LnT4&feature=related
Social Behavior
• Ritual – exaggerated posture / display used to contest access to resources.– Ex: Arm Wrestle
• Affects Ind. Evolutionary fitness• Used to deal with future conflicts /
encounters–“Agonistic Behavior”
Social Behavior
• Dominance Hierarchy• Ranking of individuals based on
social interactions
• Common in vertebrate populations• Fixed rank for several months
–Ex: Wolves, hens, chimpanzees