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Transcript of Animal Behavior Chapter 34 /. What is a behavior? Any response to a stimulus (an external signal)...
![Page 1: Animal Behavior Chapter 34 /. What is a behavior? Any response to a stimulus (an external signal) Examples of stimuli Sounds Smells Sights (light vs dark)](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649db25503460f94aa1fc5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Animal
Behavior
Chapter 34
/
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What is a behavior?
Any response to a stimulus (an
external signal)
Examples of stimuli
•Sounds
•Smells
•Sights (light vs dark)
![Page 3: Animal Behavior Chapter 34 /. What is a behavior? Any response to a stimulus (an external signal) Examples of stimuli Sounds Smells Sights (light vs dark)](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649db25503460f94aa1fc5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why do behaviors exist?
Most behaviors have some
evolutionary history (the behavior
aided survival)
Can you think of any examples of
behaviors that might have helped
our ancestors survive?
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Two Types of Behavior
Innate – behavior you are
born with, also called
INSTINCTS
Learned – behavior that
develops through experience
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Some human instincts….Grasping reflex
Holding breath when submerged
Pupil dilation
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Even very young babies can learn to swim
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Learned Behaviors
1.Habituation
2.Classical Conditioning
3.Operant Conditioning
4.Insight Learning
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HABITUATIONWhen your body becomes accustomed to a stimulus. Ex.: Some animals respond to loud noises by hiding. If the noises are repeated, the animal stops hiding.
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Baby toys are designed to stimulate their brains. Babies learn by "trial and error"
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Classical ConditioningPairing two stimuli together, response becomes the same Pavlov's Dogs - ring a bell when feeding dogs. Eventually, the dogs would salivate when they heard the bell ring.
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OPERANT CONDITIONING
Involves "training" a behavior using a reward or punishment system.
Examples: Rat gets treat when it hits a lever Rat gets shocked when it climbs a structure Dog gets treat when it sits on command
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The Skinner Box used to train rats
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Insight LearningInvolves using the brain to develop solutions to problems never before encountered. This is not "trial-and-error." The animal (or human) must build on prior experiences to solve a problem
Have you ever noticed that when a dog tied outside gets tangled in its leash, he can't figure out how to get untangled
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Imprinting
Many kinds of animals innately do not recognize members of its species.
Early in life they learn the distinction.
It is irreversible.
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Internal and External Influences
Some animals undergo hibernation or estivation because of a weather change.
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Dominance HierarchiesAggressive behavior in animals leads
to dominant and submissive animals.
This an innate behavior
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BEHAVIORAL CYCLES
*Animals respond to periodic changes in environment - daily or seasonal cycles
1. Migration (movement during a season)
2. Circadian rhythms (sleep & wake)
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COURTSHIP
Sounds, visual displays or chemicals used to attract a mate
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Social Behavior
Animals live in a "society" that has its own rules and structure
- Chimpanzee troops- Insect colonies- Wolf/Dog Packs- Human Societies
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COMPETITIONOccurs between animals, usually for
resources (space, water, food)
TERRITORY - space protectedby an animal
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AGGRESSION - threatening behavior
What queues does this dog give that does not want Cesar to approach?
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COMMUNICATION - passing information, can be visual, sounds or chemicals
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LANGUAGE - using symbols to represent objects and even ideas
* Only humans are capable of true language
Apes can learn symbols, but not abstract
ideas, like...
Freedom, Love, Obsession, Courage, Morality