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Animal Agriculture

G. Robert Weedon, DVM, MPHAnimals in SocietyHON 120/BIO 485

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Animal Agriculture

What is Animal Agriculture?

Beef Cattle Dairy Veal Hogs Chickens & Turkeys Eggs Fish

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Beef Cattle

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Beef Cattle

35 Million Beef Cattle Slaughtered Annually in the United States

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Dairy

Dairy Cows Produce 100 Pounds of Milk Daily in the United States

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Veal

One-Million Calves Confined to Crates for Veal Every Year in the United States

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Hogs

100 Million Pigs Raised and Slaughtered in the United States Every Year

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Chickens & Turkeys

10 Billion Chickens and Half A Billion Turkeys Are Hatched in the United States Every Year

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Chickens & Turkeys 300 Million Egg Laying Hens in the United States

producing 250-300 eggs per hen per year Almost 90 Billion eggs/year

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Farm-Raised Fish

The quantity of farm-raised fish has doubled over the past decade.

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Per-Capita Meat Consumption

Selected Countries, 1990, kg per personUSA 112 Hungary 108 Australia 104 Czechoslovakia 102 Canada 95 France 91 Germany 89 Argentina 82 UK 71 USSR 70 Brazil 47 Japan 41 Mexico 40 China 24 India 2

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“Somewhere in the transition from highly diversified, subsistence family producer-consumer groups to intensive, single commodity producing units, farm operation has changed from a lifestyle to a profession.”

“Old MacDonald is Dead and Gone!”

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Pork Production in Ontario, Canada1951 vs. 1991

1951 1991

Farms 93,564 8,940

Land (ha) 727,000 371,000

Pigs Marketed (x 106) 2.7 3.9

Lean Pork (x 106) 87 159

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The Cost of Food

Discuss the cost of producing, processing, shipping and serving food for the consumer

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Percentage of Consumer Food Expenditures 1972-1996

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1972 1977 1987 1992 1993 1994

Food StoreOther Food ServiceRestaurant

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Food Choices and Health

How has consumer perception of diet composition affected their choices regarding the foods that they eat?

How has this impacted animal agriculture?

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Total World Production 1963-1993 (in Million Tons)

01020304050607080

1963 1970 1973 1980 1983 1990 1993

PorkMilkBeefSheep & GoatPoultry

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Meat consumption continues to rise

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

Poun

ds (r

etai

l wei

ght)

Source: USDA, 1980-2000

Per Capita Meat Consumption(beef, poultry, and pork)

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Changes in Meat Consumption

Source: American Meat Institute

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The Environmental Impactof Animal Agriculture

The United States generates 1.4 Billion tons of animal manure every year.

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The Environmental Impactof Animal Agriculture

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The Environmental Impactof Animal Agriculture

Animal waste is the largest contributor to pollution in 60% of the rivers and streams classified as “impaired” by the EPA

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The Environmental Impactof Animal Agriculture

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The Environmental Impactof Animal Agriculture

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The Environmental Impactof Animal Agriculture

“The problem is that nature never intended for 80,000 hogs to shit in the same place.”

Ken MidkiffSierra Club

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The Environmental Impactof Animal Agriculture

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The Environmental Impactof Animal Agriculture

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The Ethical Impactof Animal Agriculture

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Average Commercial Live Slaughter Weight of Hogs in the United States

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The Ethical Impactof Animal Agriculture

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The Ethical Impactof Animal Agriculture

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The Ethical Impactof Animal Agriculture

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The Ethical Impactof Animal Agriculture

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The Ethical Impactof Animal Agriculture

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The Future of Animal Agriculture

Can the Next Century Afford Livestock?

Economic pressures will reduce subsidies

Environmental concerns will motivate increased taxes

Pollution penalties will be substantial and enforced

Some consumers will seek less expensive options

Livestock Production Criticisms

Not environmentally friendly

Not efficient Not healthy Not ethical Not necessary

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What do you think?

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Farm Field Trip

Next Sunday, April 23rd (Optional) Meet at PT’s Grille for lunch at 12:00

noon. We’ll depart from there We will return to campus by 5:00 PM

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Next Class

Ethics and Animal Rights (The End) Remember last journals are due

Thursday May 4th Papers are due by Monday May 1st

Class dinner next week

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FOF Spay-A-Thon

Sunday April 30th

College Road Animal Hospital 9:00 AM until 12:00 Noon

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Words of Wisdom “Never let the odds keep you from

pursuing what you know in your heart you were meant to do.”

“Remember that when your Mom says, ‘You’ll regret it,’ you probably will.”

“Ask yourself if what you’re doing today is getting you closer to where you want to be tomorrow.”