Anglican Catholicity vindicated against Roman innovations; in The...

VIN1)ICATED AGAINST

ROMAN INNOVATIONS:

IN THE

ANSWER OF ISAAC CASAUBON

T O C A R D I N A L P E R R O N

PEEPARED BY

WIIITTINGHAhI, AND

T,T, HARRISON.

TO WIIICII IS PBEI'ISED

THE CONFESSION OF FAITH O F KING JAMES I.

1:ALTI XOLLI.:.

TUItNI3ULL BROTIIERS

K & W TOI 'r I i :

I). AI'PLETON c ' CO.

1375.

INTRODUCTION.

C.ISAU~~ON,"TIIAT ISAAC a IIuguenot layman, son of a pastor who died in exile for his religion, came to be the penman of the Church of England, happened on this wise.

Living in Geneva, from early years a devout communi- cant there, and son-in-law of Henry Stephens, the prince of scholarly printers, he established by his published writings and private correspondence such a reputation for universal scholarship and extraordinary critical sagacity, as induced the eminent French lawyer and historian, the President de Thou, with other men of influence in Paris, to bring their countryman back to France, a t first as a teacher in Protestant institutions of learning in the South- ern provinces, and three years afterward by appointment of IIenry IV., first as Professor and then as Royal Libra- rian, to residence in I'ariq. There, the royal apostate who "thought the mass not to be refused when a crown was to be had for taking it," used both personal persuasion and the agency of influential and able men, to obtain for his own recreancy the countenance of an imitation by a scholar of so great a reputation as CASAUUONhad attained. For ten years he mas worried and distraught by an almost un- ceasing series of assaults upon his religious constancy by one after another with whom by royal command or a t the importunity of private friends (some, unhappily, sharers in the royal versatility of faith), he was brought into conference on the points of difference.

His private diary, not many years ago first published by Canon Russell, reveals what painful struggles these proselyting efforts occasioned him, sensible as they made

him

xEorn Fpb. 18. 155!l; d i d 111 Lon-Lon, Ju ly 1%,Mi.

-- -.

INTRODUCTION.

him of many of the weaknesses of the system i n which he had been brought up. I n par t he learned t h a t lesson at the outset when filling, i n 1600, the honorable position of umpire in t h e famous conference between D u Plessis Mor- nay and Cardinal l'erron. The assailant in that ill-man- aged and unfair dispute, himself a convert avowedly for a living, from the Huguenot ranks, earned a Cardinal's hat by discomfiture of his ill-matched adversary. H i s efforts to grace his victory still further Ly the conquest of the judges on t h e Huguenot side, succeeded i n the case of Canaye de Fresne, CASAUBON'S friend and patron. They became tlie more frequent, bnsied and unt ir ing; unt i l on the murder of his royal master, hlay 14, 1610, C A S ~ ~ ~ B O N , two of whose sons were seducctl from his side by tlie ar ts of those whose snares were compassing his own soul, sought refuge in England, a t tlie invitation of Ihncroft , then Archbishop of Canter l~ury, and in tlie company of Edward Wotton, then rcCurning from his temporary embassy to Parir.

C A S A ~ B O K ' Sfricntl:, in the F ~ e n c l l Court were strong enough to keep for him liis places during a temporary absence, and i t mas only for such thnt lie tool, his leave. B u t both his correspondence and still more fully and clearly hi? diary, show t h a t from the very outset his visit to England was made in the indefinite hope of relief from the distresses and anxieties of his f d s e position as a Hu-guenot ofice-holder under the papistically counselled and controlled French government by the Queen Ilegent.

Tha t lie found i t to his heart's content, the same sources of information amply prove. I r is introductions brought him immediately into close and confidential commnnica- tion with the leading niinds of the English Church, who were then well able to appreciate his gifts and attainments, and proportionably disposed to secure liis co-operation i n

the

- --

INTRODUCTION.

the desperate struggle for the t ru th and intellectual free- dom against t h a t worthy predecessor of l'ius I X , t h e self- styled "Vice-God," Paul V., and his gigantic champions, Baronius and Bellarmine, with their scores of babbling underlings.

On C A S A ~ B O N ' S side, the contentment with what he found i n England was supreme. The uneasiness of the Geneva religionist under pressure of " antiquity and con- sen t" urged against him by the wondrous memory and inexorable logic of Du Perron, his sense of insuflicient mis- sion and of imperfect provision for his spiritual needs, and the revolt of Lie large mind from the narrow sectarianism of Charenton and Geneva, were al l relieved. I I e met with scholars able as himself to distinguish genuine claims to primitive antiquity from the spurious developments of post- Carlovingian hierarchism. I Ie witnessed ministerial work and decent pomp of sacred service kep t up in unbroken continuity on the basis of a succession and prescription of a thousand years' duration. H e was welcomed in t h e profession of a faith as broad as the Catholic Creeds, and t o a Communion in which the men who sat a t Dort, shared counsels, trusts, a n d honors with Andrewes, Ovcral and Neale. W i t h Andrewes, particularly, i t was thc happiness of CASAUBON to malie speedily an intimate acquaintance, and they drew together as kindred souls. -

IIis Diary gives many evidences tha t while CASAUBON was engaged in preparing this Answer to Perron, he was in almost daily communication with Andrewes, then Bishop of E l y ; the points in controversy were talked over ; the cloctrines which CASA~BON'Swide reading had already p t h e r e d out of the early fathers, w x e confirmed by An-drewes as the ground upon which the Church of England

wish to rest her cause in the contest with Rome, then 60 hotly waged by sucll disputants as Ihronius, Bellarmine a n d Du I'erron.

Thus

-- -- - -

I N 7 1:ODUL'LION.

Thus i t has happeneci t h a t this sliolt I ia t in Tract, being compose(1 by the firbt ~c l io la r and one of t h e most learned theologians of his age, and revised, so l o say, by Andrewes, the light and oin:~ment of the Engli5h Church, is really a valilable summary of the points of d~fferencc between Eng-land ancl Rome. Among CAS~ICI~OK's more voluminou\ and important publications i t hns been l o some degree overlooked, and indeed thc old Englicli translation is so rare t h a t there i.: probably no copy 111 this couritry except the one from nllich this reprint has been macle.

Under these circumstances, and seeing tha t the con-troversy ~ c i t h nome on the ~ e r y points that CASAVBON touches, is waxing waimcr ancl narmer , i t seemed worth while to make accessible this admirable treatise, which contains within the compnqs of a few pages of racy Englisll (interesting even froma literary point of view) a statement of England's position as autlioritative as any utterance can be, save the ipsissimn vnZa of the l'rayer Cook and Articles themselves.

While the work was in the printer's hands, a n elaborate biography of CASAVBON, by the Rev. n h r k pattison, Rector of Lincoln College, Oxford, appeared in England. The distinguished author, who possesses a remarkable power of presenting a graphic portraiture of the cllaracter- istics of a n historical period and its leading men, is more occupied with setting forth CASATBOX'S eminence as a scholar and critic, than his merits as a theologian. Indeed he seems scarcely t o set a due value upon C.4slunoN's labors in the field of ecclesiastical controversy. " It is im- possible t o regret," sayshlr. Pattison, " that C.LSAUBON, who could have clone work tha t no one clw coulcl, should have , been kept to writing pamphlets, which scores of others could have written quite as well.'i' B u t i t must not be

*This is ha rd ly rons i s t c~n t with N r . I 'nt t i ron ' r o w l Innoun-r! n f ew pn,"eu fllrtller on. wlicre h c tcllr na tha t " thc anrlyand c o u r t m t b c u t o l ' C ~ ~ ~ u u o ~ ' S

supposedI

supposed tha t he shared this regret llimself, or t h a t he was writing as the hired advocate of a cause in which he was luliewarm. It is to him, not the cause of the king and bishops in which he is fighting; i t is the cansc of t h e Church of God-the cause of civil society against the common enemy, the bibhop of lZorrie and his emissaries. Coming from France, h e linew, better than the anglican bishops, what tLat ultramontane yolie meant, against which the english Church mas struggling." (Page 343.)

I n view of the paniplllet v a r n h c h l l a ~ been raging in England for the last ten years, growing out of the so-called Ritualistic development, and considering the intense in- terest i n the lloman Catholic controversy, as proved by the unprecedented circulation of X r . Gladstone's remarliable publications on "Vaticanism," i t is certainly singular to find Mr. Pattison writing as follows:

" The anti-papal controversy of James' le ign is as obsolete for our generation as any other theological squabble, and the books in which i t is coniignctl are equally forgotten ; CASAUBON'Samong the rest." ( Page 340.)

It is a t least worth noting, that a t the very time when the Rector of Lincoln College was penning or printing these words, this treatise of C a s ~ u n o x , so far from being forgotten, was turned to by one in a distant American dio- cese, as worthy of reprint and circulation. The anti-papal controversy is far from obsolete in t h e United States, a n d the lapse of two hundred and sixty years has i n nowise detracted from the intrinsic value of a production which so well combines learning with conciseness, and, i n short, is so decidedly ad rSem. Few things a re more satisfactory

. . . V l l l INTRODUCTION.

to those who live, as, alas! we cannot avoid doing, in the very thick of religious discussion, and nothing is more interesting t o t h e student of liistorical theology, than t o come upon the disputes of the day vividly portrayed in some treatise of a past age ; t o find the would-be admirers of cloubtful points in the llornan Fai th met and answered long hir~ceby one wlio knew the papal theology well, and also liacl an acquaintance with the writers of Christian antiquity more tliorough and extensive than many in these modern times can pretend to. Mr. Pattison, however, does ample justice to the importance of the controversy as i t existed i n the reign of James :

" Those who are acquainted with the situation of affairs a t this period, are aware tha t this was no brawl of rival divines. The catliolic historian (Lingard), following the catholic reporter, de l a Broderie, draws a ludicrous picture of James, witlldrawing from the affairs of State and the plemures of tlie chase, shutting himself up with his doctors, and concocting a n argument to prove the pope to be anti-ehrist. Notliing that James did was done becomingly. I I is pedantic vanity laid him open to the sarcasms of the french Ambassador. A t a later period he forfeited the conficlence of his subjects by a catholic policy, by tlie spanish negotiation, the french match, and the inadequate support of his son-in-law and the Protestants of Germany. Cut in 1611 he was heartily coiltending against the still advancing tide of the catholic reaction. The form in which this threatened Europe was indeed tha t of military force, but i t was also a n invasion of opinion. The jcsuits did not draw tlie sivord in Germany unt i l they had gained a footing in the minds of men. The books and pamplilets tha t mere now disseminating were wliat made the thir ty years' war powble. l'i'lien the enemy was successfully availing himself of the pomcr of the press, i t was wise and

necessary

INTRODUCTION.

necessary that he should be met on the same ground. No was James fighting for his own skin, nor even, as hc phrased i t , for the rights of princes. The hopes of thc ultramontane party a t this moment embraced no less that the re-conquest of Christendom to the holy see; the exter mination of heresy by fire and sword, as Scioppius hac boldly proclaimed in his Ecclesiasticus (1611). It wai no mere paper warfare. The powder-plot, which we t r j to forget, or laugh at , was a recent fact ; the murder o IIenri IV. more recent s'ill. The S. Bartliolemem, tlu Armada, and the cruelties of Alva in Flanders, were no incidents of a legendary fore-time, bu t t h e exploits ir which a menacing and aggre~sive party gloried, and whic2 they hoped to repeat or out-do." (Pages 350, 351.)

Those who desire further information about C A ~ A C I ~ will be more than repaid by the perusal of Mr. Pattison'i valuable and interesting work, which grapllically describer .he scholar liimself and the literary society of Geneva, Paris, ant1 London, where 111s l ~ f e of arduous study wae lassed. W e have room here only for the acconnt of l l i ~ ast moments : " Thoris (his physician) wished to attend i im as a friend, and refustd liin, teridcred fee. When 3 a s a u n o ~ insisted he took it, saying t h a t 'lie could not kand in tlie way of a patient's wish to exercise the virtue ,f gnt i tude. ' Nothing could be done, but to mitigate lis sufferings by the hot bath and bleeding. l i e sustained ,he cornbat with death amid dreadful torments, borne with ha t entire resignation to the divine will which might have Icen expected from one whose life had been one prolonged levotion. I I is one regret was, tha t he must leave his work ,n Church history unfinished. His words latterly became naudible, bu t it could be perceived t h a t he was holding onverse with tha t God, whom he had never forgotten for , single hour of his llfe. I I e lingered thus for more than

a

I

INTRODUCTION.

a fortnight. On Friclay, J u l y 12 (July 1,0. S.), he re-ceived the eucliarist a t the l ~ a n d s of the bishop of Ely. After the ceremony, lie signified his wish to have t h e 'h'unc dimittis ' read aloud, and he accompanied the reader wit11 failing voice. I I e had his children brought t o his bedside, gave them his blessing, one by one, a n d strictly charged them not to follow the example of their older brother, but to continue in tlie religion in whicli they had been brought up. A t 5 P. 11. h e ceased to breathe." I n the scarce t r e h s e now reprinted will be found a speci-men of C- ISAU~UN'Smet l~od of liandling subjects of con-troversy which have not yet been forgotten, nor wholly lbst their irltcrest even in tlie busy age in which vie a re living.

The publicationof the Conjesiaon of K L ~ I ~I.along with CASAUIION'Swork was a n after-thought. It vividly illustrates the description which Mr. I'attison ha7 given of James's manner and metliod of meeting on the same ground tlie enemy who wns so successfully availing liimself of tlie power of the press. While i t was indeed ' n o mere paper wtrfare, ' since the Jesuits looked to nothing less than the overthrow of the King of England, i t is plain that the p a t performecl by the press in this warf'tre, was carried on with a vigor and power ~ e l d o m surpassed, w e n by great rnnsters of the Engl~sl i language in later times.

I n both the reprints i t has Le5n thought best, for renionh which need not be detailed a t length, toretain the eccentric s p e l l ~ n gand punctuation of the originals. m,

CONFESSION O F FAITH

KING JAMES I.

This is reprinted from a rare book with the following

title : A N APOLOGIE FOR TIIE OATH of Alle,' wmce :

First Set forth without a name, and now acknowledged

JY the Author, tlic right IIigh and Niglltie I'rince,

TAXES by the gracc of GOD, King of Great Britain,

Ft-ccncc mad IreZand, Dcfendcr of the Faith, &c, To-

;ether, with a Premonition of his ISaicstics to all most

nightic 3lonarcl~cs, Kings, frce Princes and States of

Jliristcndo~nc. Ps i ~ s r2, Vcrsc 10, EL nunc 1:~'rges

CONFESSIONOF KINGJAMES I.-ANDnow for the point of Ilel.etzLe, I will neuer be

ashamed to render an accouct of m y profession, and of tha t hope tha t is i n me as t h e Apostle prescribeth. I am such a Catholike Christian, as beleeueth the three Creeds; that of the Apostles, tha t of the Councel of Nzre, a n d t h a t of Atl~nnasius; the two latter being Paraphrases t o t h e former: a n d I beleeue them i n tha t sense as the ancient

1 Ebthers and Councds tha t made them, did vnderstand

4

I them. To which three Creeds al l the Ministers of &gland doe subscribe a t their Ordination. A n d I also acknowledge for Orthodoxe a1 those other formes of Creeds that either were deuisecl by Councels or particular Fathers, against such particular heresies, as most raigned in their i times. I

II reuerence and admit the foure first general1 CounceZ,s, as Catholilie and Orthocloxe ; and the said foure generall CounceZs are acknowledged by our Acts of I'arlinmozt, I

and receiued for Orthodoxe by our Church. jAs for t h e Fathers, I reuerence them ns much, arid I

more than the Iesuites doe, and as much as themselues i I euer craued. For, whateuer the Fathers for the first foure /I

I hundrcth yeeres did with a n vnanime consent agree vpon I to bee beleeued as a necessary point of saluation, I either I

1 ' I

1 will beleeue it also, or a t least, will be humbly s i lent ; not taking vpon me to condemn the same : but for euery 1 priuate Fathers opinion, it binds not my conscience more I

1i t h e n Ecllwmins; euery one of the F a t h n s vsually contra- dicting 1I

(1%) - -- I

I

I I

- - - - - -- ---

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-

xiv CONFESSION OF KING JAMES I. - -.- - - -

n Lib 2. Cont. Crcaconirnn. Cap. 31.

dieting others. I will therefore in tha t case follow S. " Augustines rule in iudging of their opinions, as I finde them agree with t h e Scriptures; what I find agreeable thereunto I will gladly imbrace; what is otherwise, I will, with their reuerence, reiect.

A s for the Scriptures, no man doubteth, I will beleeue them; bu t euen for the Apocrypha, I hold them in tlie same account tha t the ancients did : they are &till printed and bound with our Bibles, and publikely read i n our Churches; I reuerence them as the writings of holy ar:d 1

good men : b u t since they are not found i n the C L L ~ V Z , we account them to be sccundae kctionis, or odznis, which is c

11 Lilx I. d c vcrb. Bellarmins owne distinction ; and therefore not suficient

Dui. c . 4. whereupon alone to ground any article of Fai th, except i t be confirmed by some other place of Canonicnll Scripture.

A s for the Saints dcpnrted, I honour their memory, and in honour of them, doe wee in our Church obserue the dayes of so many of them, as the Scripture doeth canon- , ize for Saints ; bu t I am loath to beleeue al l the tales of tbe legended Saints.

Cut first, for the blessed Vilgi i ic hl.lEIl;, I yceld her Ithat, which the Angel1 Gcrb?.iel pronounced of her , and I

which in her C~mlic2e shee prophecied of her selfe. tha t is, a Lnc. I. 28. b i b ~ dver. 48. that 'shee is blessed amongst women, and " t h a t all gcilerLr- 1

tions shal call her blessed. I reuerence llcr as the motlicr of CHRIST, whom of our Sauiour tooke his flesh, anll so the mother of GOD, since the Diuinitie and Ilumnriitie o f ' CIIEIST are insel arable. And I freely confcsse tl1,tt she is in glory, both aboue Angels and m u ; licr owse S o i ~ r ~ e -

that is both GOD and man, oncly excepted. Ilut I d,we not moclr her and blasplicrne agai l~st God, r,tll~rig hcr not only D i m but Uctc, and praying to hcr to cor~lm~tr~ncl n l ~ d controule lier Sonne, who is her G01) and her S,xuiour, Nor yet can I thinke, tha t shee liath n o otlicr thing to doe

111

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CONFESSION OF KING JAMES I. xv -

in heauen, then bo heare euery idle mans sute, and busie 1 herselfe in their errands, whiles requesting, whiles com- 1 manding her Xonnd, whiles comming downe to kisse, and

make loue with Pricste, and whiles disputing, and brawl- I .

I I I ~with U ~ u i l s . Tn lreauen she is in eternal1 glory and joy, n m c r to be iuterrupted with any worldly businesse,

, &lid there 1leaue her with her blessed Sonnp our Sauiour I and hers in e l e r ~ ~ a l l felicity.

A s for pmyw to iSilinls, Chribt (1am sure) hat11 com- Matt. xi. v. 23.

rn:mdetl vs to come all to him tha t are loadzn with sinne. I a n d he m111 reheue v s , and 8.Paul hath forbidden vs to Colo*~.i i . 8, 23.

worsh~p 1Zrijielli, or vse any such voluntary worship, tha t hath n .hex+ of hamility, in that i t spareth not the f l e ~ h . Jlnt w h ~ tw m m t wee haue to haue recour.;e vnto tliese DL)POUI~CS,or 2iLtclures, these Courtiers of God, I know not ; I lernit that to tliese philosophicall neoterike Dinines. I t s a t d i e t h Ine to I m y to God througll Phist , as I am commanded, \il l icl~ I am sure must be the safest w a y ; and 1am sure the safest way is the best way in points of salua- t 1011. But if tlle lL'o?,zlahChurch ha th coyned new Articles of faltll, nencr heard of ln the first 500 yeeres after Christ, I hope I s h ~ lneiier be rmlciernned for an Heretike, for not being a Nonelllil Such are the p~ iun l e Xasscs, where the J'rirlt 111 ~ i e t l i the pnrt both of the Priest and of the peoplc ; A n d IIC11 arr t h ~trmptntzi, i f fhe o m have of t?w A k o irrrzoif, j"1% the Pcople , The linnsv6st(tt~ut~on,Elczur-tionf;)r allottrfcon, ant1 c~rczrnzpo~tat~onin proceqsion of the Sacrzlnent, ' l ' l 1~ worXs qf szipe~e~o~qat~onrightly named il'/Lcs~~s~ccsE%cL s a c ; 710 Xcrpfts~ngof Brlls, nnd a thon-\mil other tricki. 13111 aboue all, the worsl~ipping of lirzqyca. I f lily fait11 ljr w a k e i n these, I c,onfesse I had 1:tther l~eleeve too lltt le then too much. A r d yet since I heleeue as mu( h a~ the iScr&tures doe warrant, the Creedes doe pwswtde, and the ancient Cou?zrc~sdecreed; I may

well

xvi CONFESSION OF KING JAMES I.

well be a Xcl~ismaliFefrom Rome, b u t I am sure I am nc IIeretike.

F o r Relipues of Saints; I f I had any such t h a t I were assured were members of their bodies, I would honourably bury them ; and not give them t h e reward of condemned mens members, which are only ordained t o be depriveil 01 buriall: But for worshipping either them or Images, I must account it damnable Idolatry. I am no Iconomrichus, I quarrel1 not the making of Images either for p u b l i k ~ decoration, or for mens private vses ; B u t t h a t they should be worshipped, be prayed to, or any holinesse attributed vnto them, was neuer lrnowen of the Ancients : and the Scriptures a re so directly, vehemently, a n d punctually lgainst it , as I wonder what braine of man, or suggestion of Sathnn, durst offer it to Christians; a n d al l must be salued with nice philosophical1 distinctions: A s I d o h nihil est :A n d they worship, forsooth, the images of things in being, and the Image of the true God. But the Scripture forbiddeth to worship the Image of anything t h a t God xea ted ; I t was not a nihil then tha t God forbade onely to be worshipped, neither was the brasen serpent, nor the body of Moses a nihil; agd ye t the one was destroyed, m d the other hidden, for eschewing of idolatry: yea, the Image of GODhimselfe, is not onely expressly forbidden to be worshipped, bu t euen to be made. The reason is ginen, that no eye euer saw GOD ; a n d how can wee paint liir face, when JIoses the man tha t euer wa9 most familiar with 30d, neuer saw but his backe parts? Surely since liee cannot be drawen to the v im, i t is a tlianltlesse labour to marre ~twith a false representation, which n o Prince, nor scarce m y other man wiII be contented with in their owne pic- ~ures . Le t them therefore t h a t maintaine this doctrine, rnswere i t to Chist a t the latter day, when he shall ac- ,use them of Ido la t ry ; A n d then I doubt, if he will lue

payd

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>

CONbESSION O F KING JAMES I. - - - - - - - --- - - - - -.

pnyd wiih such nice sophisticall distinctions. But Christs C r o w must haue a particular priuiledge, say they, and be

' worshipped, ratione confactus. But first wee must know, what kinde of touching of Christes body drew a vertue from i t ; whether euery touching, or only touching by faith. That euery touching of his body drew not vertue from it, is more then manifest. When the woman in the

1 bloody f l ~ xtouched him, she was healed for her faith, I I But P e t e ~then told him, that a crowd and throng of many 1

1 people then touched him, and yet none of them receiued I any benefit or vertue from him. ludas toushed him many I and many a time, besides his last kiese; so did the vil-I laines that bufleted and crucified him; and yet, I mayI I safely pronounce them accursed, that would bestow any 1 worship rpon their Reliques : yea, r e cannot deny but the 1

Nay, when n certnine woman blessed the belly thal Lnre C I L , ~ ~ ,and the breasts that gaue him suclie;

1 whereupon he was n i l e d , tiley can never p row that his I touching it, could giue it any vertue. And put the case it ' had a vertoc of doing of miracler, as I'eters shadow had; I yet dot11 i l not follow, tlmt i t is lawfull to worship it, I which I%tcrwould neucr accept of. Surely the Prophets 1 that in so many p l x e s curse thosc tlrat worship Images, / t11:tt haue eyes and see not: that haue earea and beare not; would much more haue cursed them, that worship a pcece of a stick, that hath not so much as any resemblance or representation of eyes, or eares.

As - - . - - ------ -- ---

xviii

*Iul~ileca, Imlu :'OIICCH,~i~t i s fnct io for the (lead, &(

Lib . 2. dc Purgnl :. 7.

loll11 14.

nBcllnrin. Lib. 4 c Itom. I'ontif. c J.

CONFESSION OF KING JAhlES I.

As for Purgatory, and all the "trash depending thereupon it is not worth the talking of; Bellarmine cannot find6 any ground for i t in all the Scripture : onely I would pray him to tell me; If that fair greene meadow that is in Purgatory, have a brooke running thorow it, that in case I come there, I may have hawking upon it. But for me, I am sure there is a lieauen and a hell, premium et poena for the Elect and reprobate: How many other roomer there be, I am not on God his Counsel. Jhdtae sun( manskones in domo I'alris mei, saith Chrisl, who is the true Purgatory for our sinnes: But how many chambers, and anti-chambers the Deuill hath, they can best tell that go€ to him ; But in case there were more places for souls tc goe to then we know of, yet let vs content vs with that, which in his Word he hath reuealed vnto vs, and not in- quire further into his secrets. IIeauen and hell are there reuealed to be the eternal1 home of all mankinde : let v ~ ! indeuour to winne the one, and eschew the other; and there is an ende,

Now in all this discourse, haue I yet left out the maine Article of the Romish faith, and that is the hcad of the Chu~ch,or Peters Primacie; for who denieth this, denietli fidem Catholicam, saith Bellarmine. That Bishops ought ;o be in the Church, I euer maintained, as an Apostolike nstitution, and so the ordinance of God contrary to the Purilnncs; and likewise to l'Bcllnrmine, who denieth that Bishops have their iurisdiction from God, (But i t is no ponder he takes the Puritanes part, since Iesuits are lothing but Puritane-Papists) And as I euex maintained h e state of Bishops, and the Ecclesiastical1 Hierarchie for )rder sake; so was I euer an enemy to that confused Inarchie, or paritie of the Puritancs, as well appeareth in ny r:cr.iraox a r m s . Heauen is governed by order, and 111 the good Angcls there ; nay, hell itself2 could not subsist

without

CONFESSION OF KING JAMES I. - - .- - -

without some order ; And the very deuils are diuided into Legions, and have their chieftaines : how can any societie then upon earth subsist without order and degrees? And therefore I cannot enough wonder, with what brasen face this answerer could say, that I was a Puritane in #cotland, 2nd an enemy to Prolestanls, I that was persecuted by Puritanes thcre, not from my birth onely, but euer since roure moneths before my birth? I that in the yeere of God 34. erected Bishops, and depressed all their popular parities, [ then not being 18.yeeres of age? I that in my said Booke ,o my sonne, doe speake tenne times more bitterly of them, lor of the Papists, hauing in my second edition thereof, &xed a long Apoiogetike B e f a c e , onely in odium Pwi-anorurn; and I that for the space of sixe yeeres before my :omming into England, laboured nothing so much, as to lepresse their Paritie, and re-erect Bishops againe ; Nay, f the dayly commentaries of my life and actions in 8cotZand vere written, as Iulius Ccesars were, there would scarcely

a moneth passe in all my life, since my entring into the 13 yeere of my age, wherein some accident or other would not conuince the Cardinall of a lye on this point : And surely I give a faire commendation to the Puritanes in that place in my boake, where I afirme, that I have found greater honesty with the highland and border theeues, than with that sort of people. But leaning him toliis owne impudence, I return to my purpose. Of Bishops and Church I-Iier- archies, I very well allow (as I said before) and likewise of Rancks and degrees amongst Bishops. I'atria7.cl~is I know were in the time of the Primitiue Church, and I likewise reuerence that Institution for order sake; And amongst them was a contention for the first place : and for myselfe, if that were yet the quei;tion, I would with all my heart giue my consent, that the Bishop of Rome should haue the first Seate ; I being a Western King, would goe

with

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Mntt. IS. IS.

I. Cor. 5 . 4.

-.- -. -

C0NI'I':SSION 01: KING JAMES I.

with the 1'~ctriarch of the West, A n d for his temporal1 Principality ouer the Signory of Bonze , I doe not quarrel1 i t nei ther ; le t him in God his Name be P r i m u s Z p i s c o p u s irltci' onzncs El~iscopos, and .I'rinecf)s E p i s e o p o r u m ; so i t be no other~vise but as l 'e ter was P r i n e c p s Apos lo lorz~m. B u t as I we1 al l tm of the I-Iierarchie of the Church for distinction of orders (for so I vnderstand it) so I vt ter ly denie, tha t there is any earthly hfonarche thereof, whose word must be a Law, a n d who cannot erre in liis Sentence by a n infallibility of Spirit. Because ear thly kingdoms must l ime earthly i f i t i c ~ r c l ~ c s ,i t dot11 riot follow, t h a t the Church must haue a visible hfonarche too : for the world h a t h not one eartlily teilipor;i.l Jloi2cwcAc. CIIRISTis his Churches J I o m ~ d ~ c ,and the holy Gliost his Deputie. R e g e s g e n t i u m

C O ~ I L ~ ,do i i z i?1( l i7 t~~ Z'OS n u t c m n o n sic. CIIRISTdid not promisc3 before his ascension, to leave Fcter with them to direct and instruct them in all things; but he promised to send the l ~ o l y Ghost vnto them for t h a t end. A n d as for these two before cited places, wliereby Z c l l a m n i n c maketh tlie Pope to triumph over Kings ; I meane P u s e c oucs, and T i h i d ~ b o c h c s , tlie Carilicall knowes well enough, tha t tlie same wordes of T i b i dcibo, arc in other places spoken by CJuist in tlie plural1 number: A n d he likewise knowes, wliat reason the Ancients doe gine why CJ~ristbade I'etn. PUSC( ,TC O Z ~ :and also wiiat n cloud of witnesses there is boil1 of Ancients, and cuen of late Popish wri ters ; yea diuers Cnrditials, L1i:it doc al l agree, tha t both these speaclies vsed to Pctcr , werc ~ n c a n t to al l the Apostles, represented in 11;s l'crson : Otherwise liom could I'aul direct the Cliurcl~ of C ' o ~ i n l l ~Lo exconimunicate the incestuous person c u ? n iSj)lritu silo, w1iere;ts lie sliould then haue said c u m i v l ~ i r i l i ~I ' c t r i ? A n d how could al l tlie Apostles otherwise l ~ a u c used al l their censures only i n C h ~ i s t ' s r\'ime, and nencr a word of his Tricar ? .Z'cIcr, we reade,

did

- - -- xxi CONFESSION OF KING JAMES I .

did in all the Apostles meetings sit amongst them as on( of their number : And when chosen men were sent tc Arttiochia from that Apostolike Councel a t Ierusalem, Act 15. The text saith, I t seemed good to the Apostles anc Elders with the whole C h r c h , to send clrosen men; but nc mention made of the head thereof, and so in their Lettert no mention is made of Peter, but only of the Apostles elders, and brethren. And i t is a wonder why Paul re buketh the Church of Corinth, for making exception o Persons; for that some followed Peter, some Apollos, an i so forth, if Peter was their visible Head: for then those that followed not Peter, renounced the Catholike faith. Bul i t appeareth well, that P a u l knew little of our new doctrine, since he handleth Peter so rudely, as he not onely compareth, but preferreth himselfe unto him. But our Cardinall proues Peters superiority by P a d s going tc visite him. Indeede P a u l saith, he went to Ierusalem t o visite Peter and conferre with him, but he should haue d d e d to kisse his feete. To conclude then, the trueth is, that Peter was both in age, and in the time of Chrisles d i n g him, one of the first of the Apostles ; In order, the principallof the first twelue, andone of the threewhomChrist for order sake, preferred to all the rest. And no further lid the Bishop of Romc claime for three hundreth yeeres tfter Christ: Subiect they were to the general1 Councels, tnd euen but of late did the Councell of Constclnce depose , b e e Popes and set up the fourth. And vntil Phocas hyes that murthered his master, u-ere they subiect to Emperours. But how they are now come to be C?irists V ~ c a ~ s ,nay, Gods on earth, ir$e- Crowned, Xings of hcauen, a r th and hell, Judges of a l l the Wo~ld, and none to Iudge ,hem ; IIeads of thc firith, A6soIute deciders of a l l contro- ccrsies, by the infallibilitie of their Spirit, hauing all power loth Spirituall and Temporal in their hands, the high

Bishops,

I. Cor 5. 4.:' 12.1

Gdllt . 2.

Gal. 1. IS.

---

xxii

perows a i d J<~ngs;:" ye:&,Soy~cnze Vm-Gods, who whether

they

--

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- - -

CONI'ESSION OF KING JAMES I. xxiii

they wil or not, cannot erre : how they are now come, I say, to this top of greatnesse, I know n o t : but sure I am, we ( tha t a re Kings, haue greatest need to look vnto i t . As for I me, Paul and P e i e r I know; but these men I know not a n d yet to doubt of this, is to deny the Cil thobXc fai th, nay, t h e world it selfe muit be turned up-side down, and the order of nsture inuerted, making the left hand to liaae I r , ~ ~ : ! ' ~ ~ b ~ ~

t h e place before the r igh t ; and the last named to be first 1 in honour, t h a t this Primacy may bi: maintained.

Thvs haue I now made a free confession of my Fmth, and, I hope I h u e fully cleared nlyself from being an Apostate: a n d as farre from being a /w~tzXe,as he t h a t beleeueth the 8 c ~ i p ~ w e s ,and the three Cfecu':, and ac-knowledgeth the foure first ge?zoall COInccls may bo. If I be loath to beleeue too much, especially noneltles; me11 I of greater knowledge mag well pitie my wealinesse, bnt 11 am sure none will condemn me for a n Ifi , &, snuc such I as make the Pope their God ; and t lunh him such a spcak- ing Scripture as they can define heresie no otherrvisc, but to be whatsoeuer opinion that is m a i n t n m d ngsinsl thc Popes definition of faith ; aud I will sinccrcly plo~nise, tha t whenener any point of the religion T prd'crre &,ill be proued t o be new, a1111 not iltvc'orf,( ! i / l , 0 7 1 ~ ( > ,m i t L Apes- I tolike, I mean for mztter of / i t l ~ l , ,I n ~ l lRS w o n rc>noimce i t ; closing v p this heacl w t h tlle m:axme of T o i c o i t 7 1 1 i

1

in d~lctvinc,d i w i l ~ l i ~ l c118 Homo of tboac very c ;~ i~rupt io i~s or womliil), fro^;; I which I hcnrd those wiyo awl good nlcu mry ao cnrlreutly that they tliaukutl God that thcy had excnyud." 1

--

_-_ _- _ -- -__ -__ ___-____ CONFESSION OF KING J A ~ I E S I.xxiv

~ ~ i ~ ,L M Z ~n m r ~ s~ ~ %that~I will neuer refuse to imbrace any opinion hucrwes.

in Diuiniti~necessarie to saluation, which the whole Catholike Chvrch, with an vnanime consent, have con- stantly taught, and beleeued, euen from the Apostles dayes, for the space of many ages thereafter, *without*in-*

* * terruption * END.

THE

OF MASTER

to the Epistle

and most reuerend Cardinall PERON.

LONDON : Printed by 1 ; ~ l . r ~I ( u ~ c ; s , r o ~ ,for

VVi1l i ;~rnAspley. I 6 1 2 .

I

/ T O S I K T H O M A S E D . M O N D S H I S M A I E S T I E S

Legier in France.

ISAACCIASAVBONwisheth

Health.

THE ANSVVERE OF

Mi-. ISAACCASAVHONTO T H E Epistle of the most illustrious, and most

reverend Cardinall PERON.

OST illustrious, and i~lost reuercnd Lord, I hauc lcarnecl (as I tllinke) by vse, and experience, that there is no enill so great, out of which, or by occasion wllereof some good may not arise. And as it is an vsuall speech that honey brcedcth gall; so it may bee aid not vnfitly, that somtimes out

of pure gall conimctl~ pure honey. Not tu suckc :~ny lurtlicr l!~r~ofc of this, tlie lewd book of that dc- 1)oslit cauiller, ~vllich p i l e 1r1c first occasion by his exccllerlt Maiestics coninlaunil, of \\.rit,ing to your illustrious IIot~our, i t was pnre g;~ll , a i d t h t nlost virul(:nt. But both your lcticre, wliicll vl)on that occasion you scilt me, scaso11cd Wit11 singular courtesic. li~mianitie and pruclenco, witncssin the faire ingenuitie of the an- tllor, vmx sweeter to me tl~en any honey. Wherefore I was not afraid to slicw tllcin vnto his i\[;~icstie, a n d his illaiestic, although tic appronccl not of all that was in them, (for that could not be) yci 11cc refused not, but was williqg to rcndc them both. I t deliglltcd him very innch, that yet lie lrncw one Diuine of yo~ir side, a mar of c:llicSc place, of 11onor;tl)l<~wtinl:~tion, a~lcl cxc:cllcnt learlring wl;ich ll:m(llillg t l ~ c C I I ~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ I C ' I . S ~ C Sof tllcsc times, nl)l)earcd to be 01

;L ~noderatc, amc1 (jilicI di~posilion. 1Q11',wit11 ~ v l ~ t spirit the nlosl :Lre led, ~\-llic:ll now adaics set ouL booli~s of this argmncnb, tlicrc

11cccl:

needs no more sunicicnt declaration tl~cnoutof those writers which hitherto l~aue oppugned his Niiicstics Apologie. All of them (if you except onc or two) filling thcir whappie lcaues with lics, re- proches, and foule language. But especially the worcls in yon1 iast letters did delight his Jlaiestic, whose mincle is enflamed 11 it11 the zeale of sinccre pietie, vhereby you seemed to put him in hope that this friendly communication concerning matters of religion was like not to prooue fruitlessc. Which thing as it pleasecl tllc King marueilously, who is readic vpon this conilitioli to vndergoe any paines, so, if there remainc no hope hereof; neither is there ally iust cause why his Maiestie, or your Honour should trouble your selnes. Surely I hope, if your TVortllinessc will take serious care of it, tliat with the llclpe of almigl~tie God, you may efFect, by the authoritie which yon have amongst your ownc, and the report of learning, and wit amongst dl, that by these mutual writings, some good profit may redownd to ye Church of Iesus Christ. As for llis most excellent Maiestie of Great Urituino, in whose Court I 11auc now liucd a whole yeere and more, I dare promise you, and with all manner of asscueration confirme, that he is so affected, a11d that the course of his whole life hat11 bin so or~lered, tliat all nicn niap casily vnderstand there is nothing dearer to him then the cnrcfull endeuour for religion. Neither priuatr 'uusincsse, nor the publikc cares of his Itingdon~e doc vsually so affect his Idaiestie, as a kindc of vnmeasurable desire by all manes to promote religion, and (which consideration most besccnm so great a King) an exceeding affection by a11 right and honest meanes to procure pcacc amongst the dissenting nlembcrs of the Chnrch. And this care so fitting a Christian Princc, the most pious Kin2 hat11 not confined mitl~iu I the bounds of his ownc kingclome, though very large, but remcm- 1 bring that he is stiled the Dcfmduzo. of tho faith, he hat11 tllouglil , ~ o o d ,not out of any cnriositie, but a vellemcncieof zcalc to extend 1 it beyond the linlites of his ownc little world : that his 3laicstie:: wiscdo~nc and autlloritie might be beneficial1 also to the Chnrchcs ~f other Countries, if occasion wcrc oifcred: and t l ~ t iluily it nligljt be more apparant in the sight uf Coil, :uid Inen, t l ~ t his cl~icli: carc I s the preservation of Christian religion. Of late tlrcrcforc, :LI~LI :

ibout t l ~ c time when I sllcwccl you his last lcttcrs, his Jl~ticstie , :sue this gratt espcri~nent of this his t lc~~out ~niudc: which, ;ts it s most ~vortliilie approucd, and cu~nluentlctl llerc of all good und , :oclly men, so, I hope, most illustriuns Carthall , that the kuow- 1

lc\lg:

ledge of it will be delightfull to you. When the right IIonourable and most reuercnd Prelate, the Lord Archbishop of Canterburie his Grace, by letters certified his Maiestie, tliat there came vnto his hands a booke bronglit out of some part of Germanie, or the Low Countries, containii~g doctrine concrning the nature of God, which mas new, peruerse, and in some points repugnant to the faith of of the Catholike Church ; and withall desired his Maiestie tliat for the repressing of tliis mischiefe, wliich was lately sprung vp, liee woultl shew foortli the male of the Defcndour of the faith, and in- tercetle with the Magistrates of that place where tlie author iiued, desiring of tlicm not to suffer so prodigious doctrine to bee brought into tlic,ir Churches, 311d Vniucrsitics, and tliat tlie inucntor of this prophnne noueltic might not passe vnpuaislied: the King, as he came out uf coach, after a tedious hunting, as soone as hce had re- cciued the letters, and the boolre, noted. and markt in sundlie places by that most vigilant l'relnte, without any delay thought it a bus~ncssc wortliic to be talrcn n d c e of. And although at that time 111s boclie was faint with exercise, and fasting, yet what he had begun, llc went through at once, as it were with one continu- ance and lieatr of endcuonr : neither could hee bee entreated by tlie Nobilitic wliich stood about him to have any respect of liim- selfc, vntil after a good long consideration of the whole matter, with the right reoercnd Bislmp of Lichfield and others of the Clcrgie, and a perfect vnderstanding thereof, hee most accuratly discharged, as much as appertained to him, and as piety commanded. The bookc was condemned, and it was detrrmined that all the copim of it should be burnt in London, and in both tlie Vniuer- sitics. \Vliicli afterwards was pcrforrned. Letters were immediately disp:~tclied (the King liiniself tlictating) vnto his Maiesties 1,cgic.r tlicrc lying, to tcstifie what was the iudgement of thc King, : ~ n dtlir Cliurcli of'1<11;lmd cvncerning tliis nex doctrine. With

I all, ordm lwiginen to acquaint the Maqistrates with the matter. I I,ct tlicm loolie to it, to whom the care of removing tliat euill doth I bclonn. v,li&t account of t l~cir delay they can mdte vntothe immor- ' tall oil, il' (aliicli we linpe cannot come to passe) ncither of their 1 owne acmrd, nor after w notable exainplc, they vnilergoe the pa- tronage of thc tiuth with lcsse male and endeuour thcn they ougllt. llis Xaicstie at the first reccining of the newes was so ~ n o o y d ,that liee thouglit llee should commit a gricuous offence, if ' ht e gnllc any indulgence to his bodic., before he had fully per-

formedi

l l l E ~ \ N s \ \ F l < l ~1 0 1 I l l < 1 1 ' 1 1 1 11

formctl this ofice of pietie. I doubt not (most illustrious ('artli- nall) but yon 11ill greatly approue of, and praise this deed. I Ilnnc made relation to yon of what was done, not to the intent I niigllt commend his Maiestie vnto you, bnt to lct you vni1crst:md 110w fast he holcleth tlie ancient faith, and how stont and earnest a 1)e- fendour lie is of the opinions of the true Catholike Cliurch, wlioni notwithstanding most of yonr Catholikes will not llauc to bee :LC- rounted and called a Catholike, yea many, not a Cl~ristian. 1Iis Maiestie at tlic first tliouglit the strife about those names not to be materiall, whilest lie llcld that which was meant by them, wlricli his hhiestie desires to doe, and fully trusts in the mcrcie of God 1ic dotl~. But because the common sort of nlen doe thus interpret, that to be dcpriuecl of such names, is all one as to bee clcprined ot the things vnclerstood by those names : tllercfore lice (loth not tliirlke it wiseclome to take no notice of this wrong. As concernilig the nilme of Cllristian, there is no strife, no comtroucrsic betwixt you ~ n dhim. For neither of your Epistles dot11 dcny this title to be due vnto him. The question is then concerning the title of Catlio- Like. For after that, according vnto your excellent eloquence, ill your first Kpistle you had signified that you acknowledged in tlw King of Great Britaine tlle perfect and absolnte Idea of the great- $st l'rince ; in the end, you pat this eucept~on, if vnto the other ;ifts of his minde the gloiious name of Catl~ollke might bee added : ind wlicn, by his DIaiesties conlmandernent, it was mswered, that hat title roultl not be denied to him, wllicli acknowledged the three

:reeels of the C1iurc.h Catholike, and the foure first general1 Coun- :els : and wliich beleeued all things that m r e belccucd as necessaricx o salvation in the fourc first ages : with this answerc in your last iccuratc and subtile letters you appcarcd not to beso well satisfied. I 'lio~c lctters perswade yourselfe that tlicy were not read Ilastily, ~ncl cursorily, for he rend them thronqh, and e \an~ined tllc ~ \ a i q h t )f your reasons with n-o~iilcrfull eqnitie, and gcntlc~ncs of nlinclc. 3nt, nlierens, after the rcatling of your ansmerc, lice departeth not i.ci~nhis former opinion, :ind yet neucrtl~elcssc, by the liclpc OL' :ads grace, trnqtetli Ilc ic; a true Catliolikc, his Alaicstic noultl -lave you know what reasons he 11ath for this resolntion. \Vl~hcre-?)re, niost illustrions C'artli~~all, rcceinc this short answcrc to your ast letters, wllic,li recciuing f'rotn his hlaicstics o n m month, I was w~mnandcd to comprise in words, ant1 to scncl vnto yon. I \rill lot now request of yon, illat in the rcncling of tllcsc you wonltl vsc

sucl1

--- - -- - - - -- - - --

- -- - - - - - - -

O F CARDINALL 1'ERON.

such equitie, as llee did in the reading of yours. I know full well your excellent wisedon~e and moderation worthie of all praise. Tlic whole disputation in your last letters consisteth of two parts. In the former part are brought fiue reasons which do illustrate and shew the acception of this thesis, in what sense yon would h a w it taken. This thesis: Calholici appellatio &c. Tlte name of Ca-tholike can be denied to none W J L ~ C J Ladmits of the t7~ree, namely, t7~e Apostles, the iVicenc, and t7ie Atlunasian Creeds :and of t7~e f o u ~ e j h t ge~ierall Councels, tlie Nicene, the Co?~stantinopolitane, tile Ephe-sine, and t7lat of C'halcedon: lastly, w7kh bekeues all t7lose thing8 t7~at were t7~oug7~tnecessarie to be beleeued to salxcctwn in t7:. first foure ages. This thesis. in the Kings answere, hat11 the place of tlie maior proposition. The sccond part of your disputation bringeth in fourc imtances against the hypothesis, or assumption.

THEFIRSTO I S E R V A I I ~ J .

T h e name of &t?~oli~~e dotk not sinzply sign$e fa i t l~ , but also a com-munion with the Catl~olike Ql~urrh. l'lwejore t71c ancients would not T~aue titem called Cati~olilces whic7~ departed f m m the communion of the Q ~ L U ~ C ~ L , albeit they retained the same faith. For they said, there was but one Churc i~ Culltolike, out of zo7iic7~ a m a n mig7it haue the faith awl Saeramentr ;but sulztation he could not 7iaue. To this purpose you bring many tilings out of 9. Augustb~e.

IIIS&~IEST~ESANSWEI~E. To bcleeuc the Cntliolihe Cliurcli, and to beleeue the communion

of Saintr, arc set downc in the Apostles Creed distinctly, as two d~ucrs things. And the fornier of time two articles seeines to be inserted especially, to the end that a cliffercnce might bee made betwixt the I e ~ i s h Synagogue, and the Christian Church. Wliicli was not to bee confined xithin the bounds of one nation, as that was, but to be scattered farre and wide thorow all the regions of tlLe world. Wlierefore there is no manifest reapon, why in the beginning of this obsc~ruation the name of Catllolilre should be said to signifie communion. Indecd these two are very ncere ioyned, but they arc two cliucrs things, as I have shewed. Now his Maies- tic beleeues vnfainccllie, that tlicre is but one Cl~urcliof God, fruly, and in name Catholike, or vniuersall, diffused ouer the whole worlil, out of which Ile afiirmeth also that no saluation is to be Iroped for. IIcc condemnelli, and dctestetli those wliicli either long

since

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- ---- --- ---- --- -.- - - --

l l l E ANSUEI<E '10 'JIIC EI'IS I T I< 1 I

since, or more lately liaue either departed from tlic faith of thc 1 Catholike Church, and so become hcrctikcs, as the Manicliics, or from communion, and so h u e become srl~ismatikcs, as the Dona- 1 tists: against wllic.11 two sorts of men chicfly a1 those things were ~ written by B Aupcstine, which are brought in this obsernation. Lilicwisc his hlaiestie commends the wiscdomc of those godly Bis11- ops, which in tlie fourth Counccll of Cartl~agc, as is here well ob- , serned, did adde vnto the forme of examination of Bishops, an inter- ~ rogation concerning this point. Neither is the Icing ignorant, that ye fatlicrs of the ancient Cliurch did oftentimes many things by way of condesccnt,pro 6ono pacis, as they vscd to say, that is, for desire of maintaining vnitie,and for fcare of breaking mutuallcom- munion. Whose example hc piofesseth himselfc readie also stn- 1 diously to imitate, and to follow in the steps of those that follow after peace, ad urns usq; to the altars, that is, as farre as IIC may (considering tlie state of the Church in these daies) with the safetie of a good conscience. For liee is as much grienccl as any Inan, for the distraction of the members of the Cliurcll, so much abhorred by the holy Fathers: and as earnestly dcsireth to conmnnicatc, if it were possible, with all that are menlbers of the mysticall bodic of our Lord Iesus Christ. Neverthelessc, his Maicstie thinlieth that lie hatll most iust cause to dissent from those, wliich simply, without any clistinction, or exception, doc perpetually vrge this communion. IIe acknowledgeth it to be very neccasaric, ancl one of tlie proper notes of the Church: yet dot11 not account it for tlie true forme of the Church, and that which the Pl~ilosoplicr calls the essential1 bcing. His Maiestie liath learned by his reading of tlic holie Scriptures (according to tlie minde all ancient fathers) t11:it the true and essential1 fonne of the Churcli is this, that the shecpe of Christ heare the voyce of their sliepl~eard, and that the Sacra- , i rncnts be rightly and lawfully administred, namely as the Apostlcs Iiane giucn example, and those wliich follonwl neere to the Apostles times. Those Cliurclics wliich arc thus institutcd, they must ncedcs be linked together by a manifold comniunion. They Ire vnited in Clirist their head, who is the huntaine of life, whereby all liue, whom thc Father liatli chosen to be rcdecnied by his precious blood, ancl to be rewarded with eternal1 life. They arc vnited in the vilion of faith, and doctrine, in such rl~iefe points aq ( Ire ncccssalie to saluation. For t lme is but one sauing cloctrinc, I

there is 11ut one way to licauen. They arc vnited in coni~inction of mindcs

3f mindes in true charitie, and the duties of charitie, especially of mutual1 prayers. Lastly. they are vnited in tlie communion of m e hope, arid expectation of promised inheritance ; knowing, that before the foundations of the world they were predestinate (Ispcake 3f the elect) to be fellow heires, and of the same bodie, and partakers of the promise of God in Christ through the Gospell, as saith 'lie diuine Apostle. Yet his Maiestie addes further, that the same Church, notwithstariclin~ if any member thereof depart from the rule of faith, will more estceme of tlie love of truth, then the love )f vnitie. He lrnowes that the supreme lawe in the house of God

IS tlie sinceritie of celcstiall doctrine : whicli if any man forsake, he forsakes Christ which is Truth itselk : liee forsalres the Church, which is the pillar and establishment of truth, and by this rneanes ceaseth to appertaine vnto the body of Christ. With such Apos- tatacq, a true Catholike neither will nor can communicate: for what concert betwixt C1ir:st and Belial? Wherefore the Church 2 COT.6. 15. will flie frotn communion witli these, and wil say with Greg.

Apovnia(..Nazianzen, that dbagrcenwi?t for godliizesne h better t lum ill a$ected i.p~n~P&y concord. Neither will he doubt, if necd be, to say witli the same De Paw. Orat. L blesscd father, that there is a holy contention. Now that such a kpor a6hpos.

In Oratwne hahi.nccmsaric separation should somctimcs be in the Church, both wee ta in Concil. Con. are taught in other places of liolie Scripture, and that admonition stantin. also of the holie Ghost, not without cause given to the Church, doth openly declare: saying, Goe out of Babylon, my people, lest you coinmunicate nit11 her sinncs. What that Babylon is, wliere Apoc. 18. 4.I

I out the people of God are commanded to depart, the Icing dis- I pntes not In this placc, nor afirines liee anything concerning i t : yet thus much the rnnttm itselfc dotli plainly shew, that whether some prinntc Church be vndcrstood in that place by the name of Ihl)ylon, or t l ~ c greater part of the wllolc, it was before this a true Church, ~ ~ i t l l wliicll the religions niiglit religiously communicate: but after it \ \as rnorc, clq-rrauecl, the religions are commanded to gor out, and to bretilrc off'coinmunion. Wliereby it may be easilie vndcrstood, that not a11 conimuriion with those that be called Cliris- tians is to bcc desiretl of the f,~ithfull, hut that only wliicli may stand \vith the integ~itie of doct~inc renealed from lieanen. Now, to come neerer to tlie purpose, his Maiestie denies those places of S.hugustine to bclong at all to him. For he nfirines that all thosc testi~nonics doc cvinw this only; that there remaines no hope of salvation for thein n hicli del~art from tlre faith of the Catholike

Church,

TIIE ANSWERE '1.0 THE EPISTLE

Cliurch, or from cornmunion with tlie same Cliurch. Whichthing (as I said before) the King willingly grants. 13nt here his Maiestic desires of you (most illustrious Cardinall) that you would call tc minde, and perpcncl, what great difference there is betwixt t l ~ times of S. Bugustine, and these of ours. How niuch the Churcl now called Catholike clitTcrs from the ancicnt; how the face of t11c Church is changed, and tlie outward forme, to say nothing of tht inward. For then the Church Catliolikc was like a citie seated upon an hill, which, as Christ saith, cannot be hid, ltnowne to all conspicuous and certaine, whereof no sound mindc could makc question. Which was not (as the foolish Donatists prated) lying I know not mhere, i n the South, driucn into some corner of the worid, but diffused farrc and wide thorow tlie whole earth flourish ing vnder the Emperours, whose dominion extended from the Easl to tlie West, and from North to South. You might see the Bisli. 011s of the East and West daily communicating, and wlien need required assisting one another. For that which is written in thc Constitutions of Clcme~zt,that the Catholike Cliurch is the charge of all the Bishops, and by that m a n e s that euery one is an Oecu- menicall 13isliop, we wonder now wlien we reade it, neither can wee beleeve it, ~ h i c h then daily practise did shew to be most true, and may easily be demonstrated out of historic, by infinit examples. There were then also in frequent vse literac fo~matae,that is, dcmiesarie or tcstinioniall letters; by commerce whereof, and as it werc by tokens, communion was held amongst the members of the Church, although farre remoued by distance of place. Further-tnore wlien it stood in neede, they had Counccls truly Oecumeni- :all, not, as since we have scene; Occumenicall in name only, bnt ~ndced nssemblccl out of some Prouinccs of Europe. And in those tncicnt times this was the fastest bond, wilereby all the members 3f the Catholike Church were knit together into thc ioynture of one bodie; wliich bodie was for that cause very eminent, conspicuous, lnd in the faire view of all, which no man could chusc but know. rherc was one faith, one state, one body Catholilre, frequent mutn- 111 visitation, wonderfull consent of all the members, a wonderful1 :ympatliie. Was any n u n lapsed by heresie, or schismc from the i

:ommunion of any one Church: I spcake not of nny one of the -lriefe, which were the sestes of the foure Patriarchs: but of any me much smaller? that man as soonc as it was Irnowne, was held ' o be excluded from the cornmunion of tlie whole Catliolikc Church. /

For I

li'or whereas wee n m t e with some examples obserued to the con- traric, t1i:~t was not right, but vsurpation. Was any man bold to corr~lpt the truth a little, by beinq of another opinion? it waseasie

1 even for a child to drprehcnd him. Wherefore such a steak-trueth , bcing once cliscouered, all the shepheards of tlie whole world, if need was, were raised, and were neuer quiet vntill they had rooted ' out this.euil1, ancl proniclecl for the seenritie of Christs slieepe. By

' these signes ancl markes the Church at that time wasconspicuous: I bnt this liappinessc continued not many ages. For, after that the / Empire was ouertarlled, and the forme of tlic Commonwealth :iltercd, there sprung vp many new States, differing as well in man- ners and language, as in ordinances, and lawcs. Then vpon the , distraction of the Empire fo l l~wed the distractim of the Catholikc Churcli : and by little and little all those things ceased, which i m l

I l m n before of singular vsc for the prcbcruation of vnion and com- I munion in the outward Catholike bodie of the Church. From that time the Catliolikc Church liath not ceased to be, for it sliall con-

I tinue euer, neither shall the gates of hell at any time preuaile I against it, seeing it is founded vpon Christ the true rock, and vpon 1 the faith of Peter and t!lc rest of the Apostles; bnt it began to be lcsse nmnifest, being diuidcd into many parts, which, as touching

I rxternall communion, were qnite separated from one another. ( Then (w11ich is chiefly to be lamented) it came to passe by this dis- sipatlon, that there was lesse strength in thc parts, then before in the whole bodic to resist the enemie of mankind, who is readie at a1 times, as our Rsuionr teacheth, to scatter t a m amongst the good seede. And considering, in these times wee sce with our eyes that this is come to passt, and it in, so ~ T O S S Pthat wet: may almost grope it with onr h:~nds, it is ridiculous, antl most al~sllrd to dispnte whether this thing cnnld hcrrt~ifi)re liap~)en, or hath now happened. 1 'l'hercforc thc: C111uc.h of Itomc, the Orerlt Church, the Chnrcli of' Antioch, and of ~Xgypt,the Abyssinc, the h'loscl~ouite and many 1

: I ~ Cmen~l~ersot l le~.~, n~ucliexcelling e:~cliother in sinecritic of doc- ; trine, mid f:~ith: y ~ t of tlic CIiitl~olike Chrl.rcll, whose :ill I I I C I I I ~ C ~ S

ioyntnre, in rcyy1.d of t l ~ e 01lt~v:~ld fornie TWS long since broken. ) l h r which causr his hl:~ic,stic: iloth muchW?-onder, when lieeconsid- ( crs 11ow somc ('linrc:hos, wl1it.11 l~or(ltofure were I)ntil~entbers of thc botlie once elltire, doc now illprosse all the right of tlie whole, antl ' 1 appropriate to t h ~ m s ~ l ~ e s thc n:Lme of Catllolike : excluding fro111 t,l~cirron~ni~iniori, ~~ol t l ly ,antl affirl~~ing that thcy I~elong not to the

Catholilre

I

Catl~olilre Church, whosnener do dissent from them in anything, I or refuse the yolre of their bondage. Neitlier do you only cllallengc ' to your selnes this right: tlicre are others that do the same. For,

l

I .1 (Iris i\laicstic spcakes it with griefe) there are ht this day many I priuate Cliurches, which belecue that tlicy onely are the people ' I peculiar, which they call the Cliurcll. Giue tllcm that strcngtli /

I1 which the Church of Itolne hath, and t h y sliall doe the same with 1 her, and pronounce of all otliers as 11ardly as slic dotl~. What ; shall wee say? are there not sundrie sects now adaics, wliicll arc 1 certainly yerswacled that they only 11aVe insight into tlie Scrip- I t o m , and, (as the Poet saith) tint they only are wisc, that all otliers walke like shadows? I t is true, indeed, that in evcry age /there were conucnticles of sertarics, and tliusemblbs, which did

I boast themselues of tlie Catliolilte Church, and by this pronocation did allure many vnto them: but it is the pecaliar and famous calamitie of these latter times, that tlie Catliolike Church, vnto

I wliichof necessitie a man must adliere, either really, and actually, or at the least in will, and vow, is become lesse manifest then it WAS of

I old, lesse ehposed to thp eyes of men, more questionable and doubt- . full. For which csusc his excellent Xaiestie thinlreth that he

I ought more carefully in swl i a deluge of variable opinions to be- take liimselfe to the ~nountaines of the sacred Scripturc: and as

, S. Bugustine gauc counsel1 to the Donatists to sceke the Church of , Christ in the words of Christ. And so S. CI~?+y~ostome,botll else- wlicre, and of purpose in his 33. IIomilie vpon the Acts of the Apostlcr, handling the question, Iloza the true C h w c 7 ~ qnig7~t be tlis- corned amongst many Societies which cliallenge to t7~emse lm t7ut nanw : teaclietli that tllerc be two rneancs of deciding that question: first, the ~ c o ~ d God, and secondly, ant ip i t i e of clocttine, not inucrited of by any new author, but alwaies knowrie from the birth, and bc-

I . ginning of tlicl Clnmll. Tliesc two trials the King, and C'hurc$ of ICngland entbracinq, doe nnoncll that they acknowlcdgc that doctrine onely for true, and nccess:uie to saluation, which floainq fmln the fountainc of sncrod Scripture, througll tllc consent of the ancient Cllurch, as it vere a conduit hat11 I m n clcrined unto thew t i~ncx Wl~ereforeto make an end of this obxwntion, liis Naiestie :mswercq, tlmt it is faultic many waicq, m d c:Innot stand with the l~ypotlicsis propounded. 13rca11se (snit11 lie) the Church of Eng- land is so furrc from fijrqaking the ancient Catliolilrc Church, wliich she dot11 rcucrcnce, and adrnirc: tllnt she depaitctli not from the

fait11

-- -- -- - --

- - - -- - -- -- - - - - OF CAl<DINa\LL PEIION.

- - -faith of the Church of Rome, in any point wherein that Church a ~ r e e t hwith the ancient Catholike. If youquestion the succession of persons, behold the names of our Bishops, and their continuancc from the first without any interruption: if the succession of doc- tline, come, makc trial1 : let us have a free Councell which may not depend vpon the will of one. Tlic Chnrch of England is readic to render an acco~mt of her faith, and by demonstration to enincc, that the authors of the reformation here, had no purpose tc erect any new Church, (as tlle ignorant and malicious do cauill) but to repaire the rnines of the old, according to the best forlne: and in their iuclgement that is bcst which was delivered by the Apvstles to the Primitiue Church, and hath continued in the ages next ensuing. 11% Maiestic grants, that his Church hath departed from many points of that doctrinc, and discipline \Ihich the Popc of Rome now stifly defendetli : but they doe not thinke this to be a reuolting from the Cntholilre Cl~urcli, but rather a returning to the mcient Catliolikc faith, wliicli in the Iiomar~r Church by new de- nices hat11 been manifbldly, and strangtly dcfonn~d; and so a con- version to Christ the sole Master of his Chulch. Wlie~cfvrc if any nian grounding vpon the doctrlnc of this obseruation, will inferre from it, that tlie Church of England, beranse it reiects some ordi- oances of the Itomane, hat11 thcrefole depaltcd from the ancient Catltolilie Church: his Mdiestie -ill not grant him this, vntill he p-oove by sound reasons, that all things taught by them of Itomc, :specially those ~ ~ h i c l l tlicy nil1 have to be beleeued a2 ncccsearie I

.o saluation, mwre allowed of from the beginning, and cetsblislieti 3y the ancient Catllolilie C11urc.h. Now, t l n t no man can uler doc: his, at least ncvicr yet hat11 clone it, his ,nlaicstie,:tiid the rcuercnd Bishops of I!lc English (:liurc:l~, doe Iic~lcl it to be as decre as whe11 lie Sunne slijnetl~ a t ~~liililiiy. Iiast,ly, his Maiestic tliilllteth it ir

rreat offence to forsake t l ~ c Clr~~rcll, but lieo rttcrly dcnietli that lee, or his C1iurc:h arc guiltic o f this cri~ne. For, s:~ith his Maics- I N o t ~ f u y i m ! / s ,set(

ic, \vc dcpxrt not yolunt;~rily, but wo arc ilriven away. And your 'fWa97~?l?'.

[Ionour well l i uo~(~ t11 how utany, and how csccllt.ntly 1e:mietI :md ;oclly n ~ c n , for thcsc fi11e li~lnclretl yceres at the Icast, Lane ~vislied I

,he reformation of the Churcll, both in the hc:ttl, and ~nclnl~ers. ; What gricuous con~l)!;~i~its of wortliic l i i ~ ~ g s Ijauc I~ccn oftcn 11c:~d 1

the estate 01' tlic C!l~nrcl~ ~ n d l ' r inc~s, l:tn~(~nting in their times? : .<at ~vllnt auc~ilcd i t ? fijr v~itu this day we see not any one thing ) ~mcndcd ol' $11 those n'hic.11 were tlioagllt nos t ncedfu?l uf rcSor- '

~~.. . --- --- --,. .--. .---- - - ..-- .- - . . . -~---

7 1IE ANSWERE 10 lH E EI'I5 I I,E -- A

mation. Wherefore the Church of England in this separation feareth not any fellowship with the Donatists, if the matter be dc- bated by ingenuous men. They willingly and without cause left the Catholike Church, which at that time the consent of all nations did approuc, whose doctrine or discipline they could not blame: but England being enforced by great necessitic, separated l~crselfe from that Church, which innumerable Christian people did not grant to be the true Catholike, and vninersall Church : nay more, which many of your owne writersllaue heretofore ingenuously confessed to h a w varied much from the ancient Church in matters of' I

hith, and discipline; to haue patched many new things to the 0111, and enill to the good: which indeetl, is now better $no11 ne to the vniuersall world, then that any man can denic, or be ignorant of it. Furthermorc, the Church of England for some agcs past had felt the yokeof the Romane servitude so cruel], being afilictetl with / their often new vexations, and incredible exactions, that if thcre ' were no othcr cause, yet that alone might suflicc before equal1 , iudges to free them frum the suspition of schismc, and as S. Az1gu\-title spenlics of the Donatists, iniprcr' di.~cissioiti~s,of an vn~us t rent, I

or distraction from the Church. l'or tlie Englisli did not dcpart from brotherly cl~aritie vpon a limnour, as the Dunatists did, nor, as the tcnnc tribes of the Ieves, for feare of imminent cvill: but aftcr the patience of many agcs, after unspealrable iniserics, at length they withdrew their ~leclis, anel sl~i~ketl off tlie intollcrable I)nrthen, ml~ich neither wcrc they able lonqcr, nor n-oulcl their -conscicnc.c suffer them to bearc. lksitlcs this, the ancient Church, to the end that she might draw the, rcfractaric Donatists to cum-munion, was wont with :dmirablc c.11aritic to proniclc for the tcm- porall comn;oditics of the Ilislmps, nncl otl~crs that wcrc recoil- cilcd : but the Church of llvnlc (being dcsirons of amitie with I h g - ~ I;~ncl) w l ~ a t (loth she? first, thnndcrs o11t 11c.r 13uls, tlicn yscth vio- I(:nt:e, open, ant1 sccrct: thew ret:eincth into I ~ c r bosomr, and still , r:l~crislietli t1ctestal)lc trz~ytolx, e~li~lently of pluttinp tho c o n d ~ n ~ n e d ~lesolation of their Countric: l:istly, numl~reth ainongst J l i~r tyrs

sufii.rd for t l ~ e r;:linc criinc~, :in[l daily d ~ l i ' n ~ l c t l ~ Lhuse m l ~ i c l ~ their innoccnc:ic agtinst all la\ves I)otl~ diuine and ~ I I I I I : U I C . Cu(li11:111 I ~ e l k w ~ t h o (T am loth to ~pealic, b11t I spcitku t l ~ c t ru t l~) I~i~nsclfc is bt~:oinca princ.il~:tll p:itnlnt~of' tI~csc~p:~r~~ic.icles : wllo of latc:~lso, ithilt he rnight draw his M;iiestic.) h a t l ~ vsctl this argunient o f ,

ef1ic;icic to pcrswa(lc; that tlic Iii~lgtlomc ol' Engltintl Iwonclro~~s bc10ngc:tli '

i

OF' C:ZRI)INAI,I. I'ERON.

bclongcll~ to the Pope, and that his Ihiestic of England even ir tcmporultics is his subicct, and lloldeth his lringdome of him. I omit other gricnsnccs of tlie King and Clnlrch of England boll a~rciclit a i d ~uodcriie, ~ ~ h i c h arc not to be rehearsed in lliis place

secines uniust : for by and by tllcrr: will follow a necessitie of wing tllcln : t l i wee sce it is caluc to passe i n the Church of Rome: which obserues :lt this dny lliaiiy things as simplic nccessarie to the intcgritic of fhitll, n-llicll tlic ai~cisnt Clul~rcli scnrcc knew, much lcsse vsccl as matters of ~lxcssitic. I v l l l alledge foure examples ot'~nalry. I t is m n n i h t 1h5t in tlic l~riillitit~i: Church C O I ~ ~ ~ S S ~ U I I

\YAS Y S C ~ , theni ~ fS ~ I I I ~ C S b11t 1;irri: D ~ ~ I C T \ Y ~ ~ C S now. For, that ;~uriculnrcol~fessionill t1i:rt 111:111iicr' wlricl~ yon 11auc it w3s i n vsc

the r i i t i e 1 I , I I - 1 i r e lTis X:~icstic yrmts t h t 1 1 1 ~ :1~':1111(~:::~v!iidid i i l first ortlaiue it , l~ncl tllcirrcasona \\.iiy lllcy t l r o ~ ~ ~ l i t c X c:onfersion ~voulc: Surtl~cr tli:it such ~ n a n n c ~ thr: rw ic~ .;~ tL i i i n i~ )~vnto :s111;1tion: but tlicy lrcld i tnc t for a thing

I

. .. ~- . - - - ~

T I I E AyS\VI<1<l< ' 1 ' 0 'l'III< l ~ l ' l ~ ' l ' 1 , E 1

..~.-- - ----- - . I

possible w i t l i o~~ t tliis cor~fession to attainc vnto the 1i:~uc:n of salua- i tion, tlierefore they tliouglit it neccssaric to rcnlonc a11 in~pctlinlcnts that might hinder it. l\.'llcreforc in t i n ~ e this cloctrinc lintli pro- ceeded so f u x , tliat now tu ~nurtlicr Iiilrgs, or suiI'cr tllcnl to 1ic niurtlicrccl, scelncs to be no sinnc, in conipa~ison of Lrc.:~ki~rgtlit,

I scale of confession: wliicll nl;uly of your Ijiniues, esl)cc.:ally tlic : expounders of tlic Cation Law Imue in their booltcs publ14ictl. Norcoucr, Uinetus a Iesuitc, clicl anoucli as nri~cll to tnc at l'aris, in the same tcarmes, \vliich I rciricm1)cr yet I tdlcl yon alter- r c s . We know also, ncitlicr perli:~ps is your 11ol1c1u iyior:uit oS it, yt there is another Iesuit in France, wliicli of late w:rs I)oltL to say, 'l'liat if our Lord Icsus Cliriat were l ini~ig vpori tlrc earth, snbiect to death, and some man Iiad told him in confi'ssion, t h ~ t Iic ~vould kill him, notwitlistanding, rntlicr then Iic wonltl rcilcdc, that confession, lie woald suffer (I trenlblc to spc:~ltc it) C1iri.t Icsus liimeelfe to be nlurtlicrcd. \Vliicll liorril)!c b l : ~ y ~ l i c ~ ~ ~ i c you

1'ronisee wlicncc it toolie the vrigin;~Il. I n like nlanlier,nl~itinc~~ic~c wine, and daintie chearc, set times of fitsting, scropliagi:~c, or, (.:it- ing chic n~entcs, the ancient Cliurcli rccltoncil nnronpt suc:li tliings as were profit:~ble to the c a ~ i e r obtaining of s ; ~ l ~ ~ ; ~ t i o n : ncitlicr cloth his AIaicstic de i~ic it, giui~ig :L conueiiic9nt intcrl)r~,t :~- tion aecordi~ig to the iutcntion of' thc 1,rinlitiuc C!liurrli : I J I I ~ ,11y yonr leaue, lie lilteth riot that tlic o1)rcr~ratic~n of tlitw tliings >110111tl be more strictly required, tlien of sucli as arc csprcsaly co~it:~inctl in holy Writ. Aguine, si~igle lifc in the: llinistcrs of' the ('1111rt.11, was in old time comnlcndccl, bnt now it is co~ii~ri:~iitlcil,:rritlcs:lc,t-cd as a matter of absolute ncccssitie: wlicrcoS you sllall Iicarc ~irorc, Iicrcaftcr. So, vhcrcas Y. f h u l euitli, tliat lice tlotli -:rlllic.t Iii:.

bodic?, and nlalic it seruicenblc, liis 3laicstic 1ii1111111rs, :IIICI call> then1 blessed that follow this esariil)lc oS tlrc diui~ie Apohtle: b ~ i t lie cletestctli tlii~sc wliich reelion saclic!otli, : ~ n d I~:~cctlc~~:io~ri:~t~ whippings, and sue11 vdsntion~ of bodit,, or, as tI1c.y (::III tllc~ri, s:rt-

tl~osc pnnislumcnts n-liich they Iimic suffered. So, it comnetll to pas?e, that tlrc rich nfTtxtl, and tlic poore are punisl~ed: that pen- nlt,ic pursuet,ll not tlic gniltie, but him that is in pouertic and want. \CTlrercforc, his ATxiostic, as lice tl~inkcth it vnla~~frr l l to condenme thoso tliings which tlie Fatliers of the first age by vnani~nitieof c~~nsci l tdid hold for tllii~gs expedient, or lnwf~ill: so Ilc cannot c~ntlnreto be I,ouird n'it,li any peremptorie ncecssitie of vsing the same. For Iro 1ro:i:i.th Xcrxxiirii. and I i ~ d i f ~ r e i z tto be of a con- Lrnric n:it~irc. I:nt ol' thew mor~: 1:~rgely in tile Ohscrucition fol-ioninq.

qfing i l l t7ir ~ n i ~ t t e r w l ~ / i o n t7rei.r D morc I7m one Xinde o j ila~esaitie,~ I ' C 1i~71sttriik herd !ohm 7cc tspanke of thiirgs neeessnrie to c d ~ r d i o n ,t71iit I I Y bc not tlecciued u'it7~ the ziitbfgztitie of the tearme. fi'ii'o,. thosei, nrmwf ic nbaol~lte, and C ] ~ Lco~dit ion:n necessitie of tfie

~ I LI ( ~ Z C ,nud i f the ~ ~ r r t e p t . l'71oz i~ulso n nrcessitie of bekeuing, w7~ic7~ bin& t7~ all C/LI istiilns wit7~0~1t e~crption, and n n o t 7 ~ which dot7~ not yrno.ctlIy bind6 nil Liiutly, t7iere b n ~zeccssitic of mtion, and a nece.9-d ; e <I 1 1 1 pI J I I ~ O ~.

{ doot,rinc ill t,lris 06sci-z~ct~on,m-herein the diucrs kinds 01THEnccessitie are I~:ari~ctlly, and very accurately declared, his ex-cellcnt 3I:ric~stii: is so dure from disliking, tliat on the contrarie, he tlrililic~tl!, il'tliesc: ilih!i~ic:tions bc taliel: away, a manifold confusion woultl fi~llovi ill tri:~ttcrs of rciigion. For wliat can be thought

~ I I I : I L tlmt tliings :il)~olutely moro d:l~-r~;orons necossaric slioulcl be 11f.lt1 as i~i.c~c~+:tric. o~rly vpon contiition, or contrariwise? and that otlicr distirlction wliirll soc~rnct,li f i~r the right, and orderly disposi- lion of :dl 121in~:s ill tlrc Iioure of Gotl, is no lcsse profitable. Like-wise, in yonr cx:rir)l~lcs, 11is ALl~icsLy olmrnctli not,lling greatly to 1)e tlis:~ll~~n-ctl. I:nt in yonr explication of tl~ingx absolutely ncccss:~ric~, the truth of t11:~t speech: that there is 11i:c coirilnci~~icitlr no grwt nnrn11c.r 01'tIrosc~ tllinqs 71 11ic:l1bc al~solutoly necess:rrie to s:~lu;~tion. \\ilrc~wfi~rc~ llis Maic&c tliinlwth that there is no more conipm(1ious \\.a). to tlio making of pc:~cc, tlicn that thi-igs ncees-

tlie piiniitiue C ~ I I I I ~ ~ I , that 13isliops, Priests, and Deacons did bap- tise: ancl lastly, tliat the same was lawfi~ll for laymen also in case ol'extremne neccssitic; the same, as conccrriina 13isliops, Priests, and Ucacons, is :it this day practised in the Cliurch of Englancl, TIitllont any rigitl or inuiolable obscruation of whatsoeucr time or 1)lacc. But for the bnl~tismc of laymen or women, as by the lawes of the Cln~rch it 15 ft11 biclclen to be done; so being done according to tlle l a ~ ~ f u l l forme, in a manner it is not disallowed, the Church 1,rononncing it to 1)c buptisn~e, nlthongl~ not lawfully administred. 13nt his cxccllcnt Illnicstyclotl~x highly esteeme of this S'cmtnent, that when come Ministers in Scotland, pretending I know not lint ordin:~nccsoE new discipline, refused, vpon the desire of the

l~:nents, to hapl iv infdnts r e ~ d i e to dlc, he compelled them to this d n t i c v ~ t i ~feaic of punisiiment, threatning no lcssc then death if they disobeyed. TVliercfore the word5 of S.Arrgustine, which doe prcciscly exclude thc not haptiscd from eternal1 life, if they be vn- tlclstooil of the or t l in :~~ y \\ ay t!:itlm, and the only way that Christ hat11 tailgilt \s, 111s Jhiestic hat11 nothing to obiect against tliat opinion: but if it be .imply clcnicd that allnightie God can saue those tvl~icli die vnbuptisecl, liis AIaicstie, and the Church of Eng- land abhorling the crueltie of that opinion, doe aflirrne that S. A~rqus t lneWAS a n ~ i m n t n m l l ancl !lard father vnto infants. Vn-clonbtcclly his Xaicbt~c tl~inlrctl~, that both these extreames are with the lilic, carc to be escllc~wd : lest if weeembrace this rigid sentence, we abbreui:ite the p o m r of God, and oRer wrong to his i::finit goodricssi: : or, rrllilext, as some doc, m rcclion baptisme amongst sucll thiii;;~, tllc haning, or forgoing n-11ercof is not muell matcriall, w e sl~oulii sccnlc to rrinlte light of so precious a Sacrament and holy orclinancc if God. 8. Augus t ine was a worthie man, of acl- inirable pictic, and learning, yet his priuate opinions liis Maiestic ailo-\~-ethnot as articles of faith, neitlier doc you allow them; for example, Siiint Augvs ih t c belecued, as did Innocentius the first be- Sore Ilirn, that tlic receiuing of the blessed Eucharist by infants wns no lcssc ncc:cssaric to tlicir suluatiori then baptismc, and this hc auoucl~cth in mnag places of his writings: yet you bclecuc it not, ucitlicr ]lath t l ~ c Clii~rch of Engkcnd cllanged this point of tloctrinc w111el1 she lccei~ietl fiom you. Ainongbt those thing? which in~lpose ncrcp\ilic of ciel~onvpon some pcrsons, you num-bcr m n i i n p quis s0bok.m tollere zvdlic~it: If any man say you C~csirc to ha re issue. Againc, soone after, wlicn you declare the

necessitic

1 necessitic of appol ia t ion, go11 reckon the c1loic.c of liuing in rirgiw ; itic or single lifc: which tliings ~vlien his RZaiestic read, he dis:ll- lowed t l icn~ not, yet lie tliougl~t that vrito both examples, ~ o n i c -

be :~~ ldcd t 1 ~thing n i i~ l r t con~c~ l i en t ly : f i~ r~1x111 fornrcr it S C C I I ~ C S

to f b l l o ~ ~ , that there is no other ncccssarie c:rwc of ~n;iriage, s:rw hope of issue. Cut the Apostle S. ~ ' U L I Z ilotli te:ic11 vs in C S P ~ C ' P I ~

tearmes, that they also are bound to pronitlc for ninringc ~ ~ l i i c l l want tllc gift of co~itinence. If' tlicy colrt;iinc not, saitli he, 1ct them niarrie. This addition is of no sn~nll moment. For \vho : lrnometli riot x l ia t occasion is tl:lily niinistrcd ill the Clil~rch of liomc, of many and Iiorrib!e crimes, 111ro11gh tlle con ten~ l~ t 01. illis Apostolike rule, tlirough the nc,glcct of this neccssnrie rcnmlic :' Wliereforc in continent persons his Nnicstie cscccdiri~ly coliimcncl. eth tlic liuing in the estate of virginitie, or s i i~s lc lili.: and bring 11y the singular nlercie of God morc faniiliarly acql~ainttd wit11 the sacred scripture, tlicn ii'ost l'rinees are, hce l i l io\\~~tll S. I'u~lls sentence of the whole matter, and tlrc cx:lrnl)les cst:mt in both Testaments, a11c1 the rcw:rrcls proposccl to t l ic~n tlint cont:line. E i ~ t mlicrcas your Diuincs doe commonly teach, e~pc'cially the Jhctors of the Canon Lam, that Somiention, wlroreclonrc, nnd otl~er fonlc sinncs not to be nnmccl, arc more toll~r;lble in .\Iinisters of t l i ~ C'liurcll, tlicn l a ~ ~ f n l lniariagc, and the bed rntlcfi let1 : t1i:rt Iris hIaiestie accountetli a n~ost ~1etest:~blc crinie, and most wortlrie of tlic hatred of Gotl, ant1 men. IIis JIaicstic oppoactl~ ngainst all the cnuils of Sopliisters, yea against all hunianc authoritic mltntsoener, that or:lcle, of tlic holy Spirit, pronounccvl by tlie mc~~itl i of tlic: Apostle; It is h c t t e ~ to v o l ~ ~ i c tl,cib to 6 r o . m k'or as n ~ v i w Call- taine ought to be inorc afraid of rccci~~ilr:: oncrtliron*, or l o s e to himself, tlien of n-calni~i~g his cncntie: so ill tlic election of :L mans lifc, ~vlietlier he would 1c;rll it nlarivtl, or single, Iris hlniestic tlrinlrs that godly lncri ought in tllc first place to decline the trans- gression of Gotls law, and then on Gods mulie, if' any 111:111 lr:iue tllc power, let him vsc that benefit of natrirc. I t is a tlircdbarc c:lr~ill, that England is not a Ian.ful1 Clinrcli, bcc;r~~se here wantc%h tlic

l ~ i :is 111ost e;miestlg :ill'ectcd m t o pictic auil goodiicssc) ~ ~ o i i l c l not h a w disolnctl t l~em, or not all of them, (as I hauc heart1 him

I oflcn protest) if. lie h d fourid them vnconuptcd, mid obseruing the , Canons of tlicir first institution. 13ut Ilia excellent Naicstie often wishoth t h t flic 'I'ritlentirie b'rltllcrs, mliieh could not bee drawr~e by the entreaties ot' great Rings and l'rinccs to proniilc fm lpnb- like honestic on this b!~iinlfc, -n-oulcl coi~sicler with tjier~isclnes, from what fountnine this cloclrinc (lid lio~r.. For wliercas at the first, single life was pli~c:ed amongst profit:~blc orders, ? n & co~~nsc l s . afterwar~lsv o w s lvcre anriexed, at lengtii nler: came to this absolute !~ccessitic, w11ic:li n o ~ v migni.tli amongst you, the law of God being nl):mcloiicil, ant1 most vilely ilisgr:rccd. Now whereas in the clld of this obscru:ition it is acltlerl, that i l x y rrliicli allow of some, and rciect other of those things xliich the ancient Church belceued as neccss:irie to wluation, altlionglr vndcr diuers liindes of' neccs-sitie, Imue no Imsoli to :~tTir~iic tllat they retainc the salnc faith and discipline with the ancient Catholiltc Cliurclr : his 3I:~ic'stie well enorigli pcrcc.inetii tlic drift of that ~pecch. Ire m~s~veretl i tlicrc-fore, that llo wil not extol llis own Clinrcli, by co~npn~ ingit to n g1:rsse witllont spot, or tc a face pcrrcctly fairc without rrrinltle, or blcmisli: lie lccii~ctli siicli I 'liai~t~nismc to o t h e x T c t tliat this lic ltr~o~!wtll ~n i ( l~ r l f l y , t11:it if question 11e ninde concerning tlie csse11ti:ill m:~~:ic$ ol'the ('Iiarcl~, or if yon looltc at tllose things ~v l i i c i~arc p!ai~i!j-:~ccws:rlie to salv;rtion, or respect order, and de- c:cncie in tl~c,('hrll.t:li ; yo11;ilia11 uc:t fintle a, Cli1lri.11 in the wholc world ((iotl i i c ' plxisc:tl for it) lrrorc nplvoacliing to tlie k i th , anil h - l i i o ~ ~of tiic :iriciclit ( 'iitli~!ili~. l l is i\laic~stic excepts none, no

of ~ ' L O I ~ I C: ~ r l ~ i c l inot ti:(: Cl l~~rc l i by n e ~ v inuc~itioils dcliisecl for in- crease of slil)oi.stitioii, and h r cstabiisliirrg of' licr dominion oucr l'rincei, :inti pcol~lc, hati1 nmnifcsll~- tnrricd, aild cliarlgeti the tkith, and tliscipiine of' tilo :~nc:icnt C;ltlioiikc, all11 s m r n e d infinitly in many tl~il!;.; f h m t!i~ 111rritic nntl siinl11ic:itie of the priniitiuc Cl~nrch.

'1'1LE ~:IJIJWI1 L ! I ~ S ~ J ~ ~ ~ . V I ~ ~ O S . V y ' t c s l io~zi.7 naitu'c touci/i,iy tlte flrit?~ OJ@ tile ~ i ~ c k : e i i t6 ' / ~ 1 ! i ~ / i ,

the1 e be some wJ~ic76 dne &,&it air tiqitilie w i t l ~ i n one or tzrlo age8

1 I~nnethe vniuersnll Iiistorie of the primitine Cliarcl~,conclncleil within the Acts of the Apostles, vliich is but one little, though most sncretl and dinine book. Tlic most cqnall and prudent l i i l ~ g is farre from this opinion: in liis hronitorie Epistle liatli ingenuously declared how highly lie cstcelncth of tiie Fatliers, wllicli liued in the fourth, and fifth age. Neither cloth his Xniestie doul~t to pronounce with S.Azrpst. that look what the Cliurch liatli duly obserued from her first originnll mt ,o those times, and for any marl to offer to reiect that as impious, it i q a lioi~ztq fmos t insolriit mrtr11re.s. For his Jlaicstie lmetoforc lmth unhincilly protested, that he ap- pronctli of those ~uarlios of truth fiivcn by Vi?ice?~ti~~Lirlnensis : I;

I

prineljiio, cbipte et s e v p r : t h t is, from t l ~ e beginning, cwrywlierc, and eucr. Wlicrcforc, thc I i i n ~ , :ind the Cliurcli of England, in t i n t tlicy admit of the fonrc first ;enem11 Councelc, therein they suficiently clcclarc that they cmcluile not the time oi the true, and i n w f ~ ~ l lChurch within the compnsse of one, or two agcs: but that ! they c x t c ~ l it mnch further, comprising the time of Xireion the 1 Emperor, vnder mliom the Counccl of Clialcedon v a s kept. whereas in this obseruation you more estcc~ne tlie times after COIL-stiintine, then the times going I)efore,tl~at his i\Iitiestic tliinlretli 1

somcvliat stmngc, arid indeed cloth not allow it. IIc gr:lntetli 1 that tlie Chnrcli of the fourth age florisllccl aboue the former in ex- ' tcri~allgloric, and splenilnrc, in ~ \ m l t l i , &nil plcntic of Icarnc,il n lm : bnt that tile Clnircli of the former agcs was eqnnl n-it11 it, or ex- ' celkil as touching the nrtliocloxnll riglitnesse of faith, and sinccrltle I

cil'tl~e ~ ~ r i t ( ' r ~ l i i i~r~y oSthos(: t,it:l('~ bc 1051,yet somc arc cstnnt, 31111 8

tlrosc -rortliic of' rc,q:irtl. 8. C~piriioi, that Iioly hl:~rtyr of Cllrist, I he n!oilc>, i l tlicre mcrc: nono else, can ij:+cr irlfi)rr~ie ys ill the goil

:uicI (1is1~ipIine prili~iti~iecr11111(>11t of t l ~ C11tircl1, t11c11 111my o t l ~ c ~ s ~v11ic:li1iuc.tl in the ii~nrtll ngc. T'~'liercforc the sLullliie of his Mxics- i tics LLIISIVC~(:T.II:O tliis ohs(~~!i~lioi~, hc is well content thereis : t l ~ t s l io i~l~l I~roi~gll tbc n y n ~ n c l ~ t s out of tllc: ~vritings of tlic Fathers of the fourth, :111tl fi!lli : ~ s c s ; I I I I ~ \\-ill1 t l~ i s ixiition, :mc1 corltlition. t11:~tfliosc tlii~iqs 11cnliomil for :~ncicntan(? neccsmric l,o s:~lun-I tion, wl~icll 11:ltl not 1,licir 1w:;inuing t l~cn,b u t vliicli may l ~ i : , c:l(~rc~l)-pr.oi~c>elto 11:llie bccil c.ol!ti~iu:~llyolwriiell froiil 111i: first, o r i q i ~ ~ d l ynti!I tliosc I,i~iiw. ofIlic ('111~rcl1

were agrccrnent about tiiew fol>rci lic*atls ~\-11jc:11 11aue p r o l ) o ~ c ~ l . 3'0~; For now acinics, tl~c,reis ns c,:~gc,r c o ~ i t u ~ i t i c : ~ ~ 111ai~urltthe J<;~rpirc be I~isl1011 01' 1<01ric,:IS 111r t11cw (jr :illy o t 1 1 ~ r ]ioint< or C111istia11 xligion. Tliiz, alone i:; I I O W 11i:ltlc lire :ritic!c (pi' hit 1i ~vlic'rco~!ali ,Ix rest doc clcljc~lcl. ~ l ' l i e r ~ : f ~ ~ ~ . c ~ ( ~ ! I I : I ~ I I L ~ ~\vJl:tt ~ 1 1 ~ 1 1 ~ ~ b11t i11 t11c y ~ u c l ~ ~ c s s , oliiy it 1 1 ~ ~ 1 0 1 1 ~ ~ ~ t l i: I I ~~ncrc ie ol' Gocl, to X!IOII I of j.iy11t to

C I I I I I X ; ~ ~ ? I e A \,a 11111~,t!1011~:11:urc the nr :~ l :~~l i i se~f ' l~ i s :IL i ~ i ~ i i :~c>iii;,-L l o p , 710 w'llc$i,i.t it. 'l'o ~ , ; I ~ I I . I I ~ ! ~IL.Y~,L/I/,, ' .v( 1 1 I l l ( , ~ ~ ~ I ~ I ~ I . ~ ~ ~ , I I I ~ ~v, l t i t , l ~

t11(> 1~it11r;iC of' 111~1 1,:11;:ii!:h ~ ' I I ~ ~ I I T ~ I , you L1rin; ; igi i i~~st t11e.y 111: .11csc.

O F CARDINALL PERON.

search all the secret corners of thcir conscicnccs : to make confes sion of thcir sinnes vnto God, and if need be to the Priest also Thcy carcfully warne the commers that they compose thcir minde~ vnto all humilitie, and dcuotion: they receiue the Communion 01 the bodie of Christ vpon their ltnces : and they do not onely diuide the inysticall bread amongst thc faithfull in their publike assem- blies, but they giue it also to those which be towards death, pro ciatico; that is, for victuals in their ionrney, as the Fathers of the Niccne Councell, and all antiquitie doe call it. Lastly, his Maicstie, although he would haue his to abstaine from all manner of curiositie, yet alloweth also of whatsoeuer the holie Fathers of the iirst ages haue spoken in the honour of that vnspealrable mysteric. Neither dot11 he reiect the words of the Fathers, as transmutation, alteration, transelementation, and such like, if they be vndcrstood and expounded agreeably to their intention. If this doctrine of his Maiestic, and the Church of England doe not giue you satisfac- tion, then what rcmaines but that hee yccld vnto the opinion of Transubstantiation, if he will be friends with you? But that is not piously to belceuc the veritie of the thing, but with importunate curiositie to decrce the manner thereof: which the Xing and his Church will neucr doe, will ncucr x l l o ~ . But his excellent Maies- tie wondreth, that whereas your IIonour grantetil that you require not primarily the belecuing of' Tmnsubtantiation, but that there be no doubt of the truth of the prescncc, yet the Church of Eng- land hath not satisfied you in this point, which in publike writings llath so oftcn anouched llcr bclccfe hereof. Wherefore that you may ccrtainly know what is bclccucd, and what is taught in this Church concerning that matter, I h u e hcere set down a whole place out of the right rcucrend thc Lord Bishop of Ely his booke against Cardinall Bellarmine, wllicll some few moneths agoe he published. Thus he saith in thc first chapter: Our Saaiour Christ said, this is m y bodie, not, after t7~i8 ?nanner is my bodie: whereof the Ca7~hhall iu not ignorant vnlesse willingly and zoittingly. W e agree zoit7~ you wnee~ning the obiect, all the strifc is about the manner. Con-cerning t7iis is, toec beleeuo jirinely t7~at it is: concerning after this manner it t i , to wit, that Me bread is transubtantiate into Ibis bodie, after mAat manner it is done, loAet7~ar by, or i n , or vnder, or beyond, there is not a word i n t7u3 Gospcll: and because t7lere is no word; tilere-fola toe 7~aue reason to banish it from balcefe. W e number i t perad- uenture amongst t7~e decrees of t7ic sclioole, but not anzongst the a r t i c h

of

THE ANSWERE 10 TIIE EI'lSILE

of faith. T h a t ~ h i e ? ~ Ilurandus is reported to liaue said, dot?~ not dislike vu: we l~eure tila word, zce perceiue t7u sound, zcs hnow not the manner: we beleetie the presence, tca beleczle, I sny, tlie true presencc as well as you: concerning t l ~ e manner of the presence zce doe nut cn aduisedly dejine. A-ay more, we doe not scrupulpslie enyziirc :firnol.6 t l ~ e ntoe doe i n L'uptime how the blood of CJ~rkt clenset7~ z's :no more tllen we doe in the incarmtion of Clwist how tAe diuine nature is vnited in one pemon wi t l~ tile I~urnane. 1Ve rec?con it umongst t?ic mysteries (and indeed the Eucl~arist iu a mysterie) the remainders whereof s?bould be consumed wit7~jire: That i,~,(as the fiitliers doe ele-gantly enderstand it) W J L ~ C I Ls7~0uld be adored by faith, not debated by reason. Tliis is the faith of the King, this is tlie faith of the Church of England. Wlio (that I may summarily comprise the wliole matter) doc beleene that in the Supper of the Lord tliey are made really partakers of the boclie and blood of Christ, (as tlie Grecke Fathers spealrc, and as Bcllarmine liimsclfc confessetli) spiritually. For by Faith they apprehend, and eate Christ: and they beleeue that there is no other lrinde of' eating profitable to salvation, which all your men also haue confessed.

To the second Imtance comcrning the 8uc/'$icc i / - l the 63ristinn Ch zmh.

IIis Maiestie is not ignorant. neithcr cloth 11c clcnic, that in place of the manifold sacrifices of the Mosaicall law, the ancicnt Fathers did acknowledge one saclifice in the Cliristian religion. But this he auoucheth to be nothing else but the connncmoration of that sacrifice which Christ did once offer to his Fatlier vpon tlie crosse. Tllcrefore S. Cl~rysostome,nllicll malretll mention of this sac~ifice as oft as any, vpon the ninth cliapter of the Epistle to the IIebrerws, after he hat11 called it a sacrifice, straiglltwaics aclioyneth by way of explication, or correction, 07' ruther co,nnzemorutiun of thut sucri- fiee. That tearmc, or mtlier, what forcc it liatli you know very well. And often llath thc C11urdi of England protcstcd, that they would not contend about tlic word, so they might obtaine of you to h a w the ancient Faith rcstorecl. And that tlichc things ~vliich you practise conlrarie to the custome of tlie ancient Church, migllt be abolisl~ed. For it is certainc that tlie celebration of the Eucha- rist without any coininnnicants, and all that inerc1~:rnclise of priuate masses, condemned by inany of your owne Diuines, toolre their originall from the pcruersc doctrine concerning this sacrifice.

And

And m7hercns for the deliucring of soulcs of the deceased from the flamcs of l'orgatoric, the nccessitie of many masses is vrged, his hlaiestie cloubteth not, but that t lm is a dotage of idle brains, and such as for their ownc gaine tloe ~ i c l t e d l y abuse the simplic~tie of the people. llemoue tho>e, and the like grosse and foule abu-es wllich raigue amongst yo11, ant1 the Church of England, which in her Liturgie malictli exprcsse mention of a sacriiice, can be ~ w l l content to rest in the cnstome of tlie ancient Church. Wherefore his excellent h'Iaicstic bcing 1:~tely il~ibrnicd that not long ague, at a famous assemblie of Doniinican Ftierf , J ou lispuied learnedly concerning a double sacrifice, of Bqiwlion and of C~mmenzorat;nn, or rdiqion, lint11 afli~mcd in the hearin; LIE many, that he approued that distinction, ant1 coinn~nntlctll me nbw to signific so nn~cl l vnto you,

Tliat it was a very ancient custon~c in tlie pnblike prayers of the Cliurch to malie commemoration of the deceased, and to desire of God rest for their soules, which died in the peace of the Church, few are ignorant, much lesse is it viilrnownc vnto his Maiestie. Neither is thcrc any donbt Init that this cus tom sprung from a veliemcnt affection of charitir. Lilicmisc the ancicnt Church here- by gaue testimonic of the icinrrcction to come. This cnstome, although the Church of C ~ i ~ l n n t l condemnetll not in the first ages, yet she tl~inkctli not g ) o d to ret~tine it n n v for cliuers and weightic causes, some wl~ercol 1 Will touch hccrc. First, because slic is verily perswadcd that nitliout nny prcrcpt of Christ, the supreme Lawgiver of his Uliurcli, this c u ~ t o n ~ c was introducted, neither could the contrarie I~ithcrto bcc dcn~onstmtcd by any of your Doc- tors. lF7hercfore, although his Xaicsty cloth not take vpon him, as Ile linth protested in his Mouitoric cpistlc, to coridcmnc an ordinance which is approvccl 11y ye gmctlcc of tlle ancient Cllurch, yet he is vndoubtedly pcrswadctl that liir Church is not bound by any neccssitie to obse~ne it. For ~~ l i a t socue r the ancient Christian Fathers llauc done on this part, all that his Xaicstie referreth vnto the head of things profitnblc, or lan~full : of which wee ]lane spoken in t l ~ c sccond oliserzlation: neither can it bc proued that this :ustome is to be referred vnto those things which are of absolute nccessitie. For wllcncc should this nccessitie spring? not from the law of God, for hc never cominandctl i t : and if it flow not

from

- - - -

from that fountain~, it is no necessitie. For wee liauc alrcadie laid tliis ground, that nothing ought to be accounted nccessarie to saluation, which is not either expressly contained in Gods word, or thence by ncccssarie consequence deducted. And wee liauc dc- clared, that such things as the ancient Church b(blccued, or p r x - tised without neeessilic, the same ought now also to be left with libertie vnto vs. A secontl reason is, that altliougl~ his Mniestie acknowledgeth the authors of this custome to Iiane been very ancient, yet no man hitherto conld proue, tliat such wai the ~ s c in the beginning, and in the Apostolilrc times, wl~ic~li is the foun- taine of all antiquitie in the Church. Resides tliat, the prayer., t l i c ~ ~ vscd doe much differ both in their encl, and manner, from tliesc which arc now practised, and taught. A third reason is aclded by his Maiestie, that wlien once prayer for tlw dead tooke place amongst Church rites, not long after a rout of sl~:tn~cfnll errours, and doting superstitions did band togctlicr, and 1realre into tlir Church. Now let indifferent arbitratours iudgc to nliom the name of Catholike should be denied: whether to tlie King, :tnd his snl,iects, which by reason of errours ensuing hane left off; or tliinlte i t not lawfull to w e a custome grounded vpon no necessitie : or to your men, whieh by sophistiea!l cauillations, and ncredible obstinacie had rather maintaine, then reform all the crrors of former agra, lhough nener so grosse, and pernicious.

T o the ,fourth h~2tstnncc cor~cerniny the inunc~ntiolzof

Saints. Concerning the inuocation of Saint-:, liis Mniestics ansmre is tlic

;ame with his former toucliing prayers for the tleacl. From a small ~eginning (as all men know) it grew to such greatnessc, that in hrmer ages (and I wish it mcre not so now in many plxes) Cliris- ,ian people haue put more confidence, and hope of prese~it zide in saints, then (3 liorrible impietie) in our Sauionr hilnselfe: mlio xing in the forme of God, that he might bring saluation vnto vs cvllieh were his enemies, did cmptie liiinselfe by taking the forme )f a seruant, and humbled liiinselfe being obedient vnto death, wen the death of the crosse. And when tliis blessed Snuiour, ae- :ording to his neuer enough admired goodnesse and elemelicie, loth inuite miserable sinners with thesesweete words of his Gospell, 7ome anto me all you t l ~ a tare weary and hemlie laden, and I will Te- 'resh you: yet some h a w endcanored by tlie pcrucrsencss of their

TI it

wit to frustrate this g ra~ ious inuitation: and painting Christ, who s our oncly Aduocate to God the Fatlicr, alwaies terrible, and vn- mcrcifbil, they wonlci pcrswadc poore soulcs that there is no way o Clrist but tlirongl~ tlic mccliation of many Saints. I\loreoner, some otllcrs lianc openly tauglit, tlint our Sauiour Christ liatli re- .cruccl the drrreritic! qf h i t k c vnto l~~mic l f c , but intlnlpzca and tnercie he hatli garitcd to the b lc iwl Virgin. Againe, how haue they clistributrd otlices, and po\rcxls oC 1le:ding anioLlgst the Saints with won.lerfu11 curiosiiie, or rat,llor detcst:rl~le suporstition? And Ileretofore their s~ffr:lgcs only wcrc dssired, that being gracious with God almiglitic they ~ i ~ o n l d 11i:ilie intercession for men : but iftermartk, the ~ror!d was fillcd with bOokW concerning the proper seruice of this, or tlmt Fhirit, ant1 pcxuliar fhrn~es of prayer to be madc vnto them. JVhcwforc in pl:ux of tliat diuine booke of the Psalter, the ancient Cilristians neucr laid outof their hands; which %-as the solace of nicn ant1 w m e n , y n ~ g and old, rich and poorc, lean~cd and vnlear~ied, t ime linoc succeeded the IIonres of 2ur Lsdie, and Lcgeuds, or rather impions and doting fables (I qxxlre not of the true hi-torics ol' AL~rtyrs) and such vile stuffe. Arid yet further, as if it not iniuric enougli to robbe Christians of so neccsstlrie and diuinc n b o o k , one of' your meu hath t ~ ~ r n e d all the Psalnies to tlic, I~ ,>nonr of the blessed LVirgin, attributing vnto her (:ls it'thcre n.cw no clilferencc betwixt the creature, nnd the Creator) wl~:ltm:i~c:r n-a:: l)royliecictl conccrrting the one1 j d ,!,lie of God. IIis esccllent .\l;riustie dot11 cxtoll tilt: liappinesse of the most glorious virgin inotlic~r of onr Lord, aflirming that she is ele- vated vnto tlit~ lii$liest dcycc of honour, which God the Creator could impart to ally hnninnc crclature: lie rcioycetli also that the Church of Enqland y o n set clnics in the yecre dot11 solemnize the honoured menlorlo of tli:it most blcscctl Vtrgin : but the Sophisters of tlicse times c:rn by no cunning c i~c r pcrswade him to allow, or endure that l'selter of our Latlic. For as touching Cartiinall Bel-kcrmine, which iinth lately rlcfcnilccl it, Ins hlaicstiz is perswaded that he is distastcd of your owne, as many as I ~ n t hauc any small sense of pictie. Coniitlcring tlicn tllst the Cllurcli of Rome is almost dcadly siclte of siich inward diseases, his 3laiestie wondred (most illuutrious Carclinall) when llec rcad in your epistle that the inuocation of Saints, nr your men doe now practise it, is the same which was in vse in the primitiue Church. %'herefore his Maiestie answercth in few ~vorils : First, it cannot be proncd tliat in the be-

ginning

ginning of the primitiuc Church, any other but the almightie God was inuoked : secondly, tliat thcre is no precept in tlie word of God for it, no one footstep of any example: God oncly was adorcrl, God onely was implored through the intercession of his onely be- gotten Sonne, the one and onely Mediatour betwixt God and miin. Aftcrwards was brought in the vsc of praying at tlic sepulchrc~s of Martyrs: then bcgan the making of apostropliees vnto Saints, bc- sides tlie worship of God : then the ~naking of vowes, arid prayers, not primarily to pray to them, but that they sl~ould pray God. Yet if these new examplcs had gone no further, his Mniestie would not greatly haue reproouecl the cnstome of thosc times, a t the least not so much condemned it is as tlic abuses which hcrcupon ensued. For his Maiestie dot11 honor the blmscd Martyrs, and other Saints which now raigne with Christ the llead of both Cl~urches, triumph- ant and militant : neither doubteth he of their coatinuall prayers for the necessities of the Church, bclecuing stcdfastly tlic benefit thereof: but hec confesseth ingenuously tliat lice ltnowetll no reason whereby any man can promise or warrant vs that thcy hearc our prayers, and that wee should account them as our household gods, and protectors. Wherefore lice exceedingly dislilteth that wliicli followed in after-ages. For by degrees it came to that wbicli I haue shewed, wliich the Church of England aflirnletll to be impious in the extreame. And if there bee examples extant in the Fathers of the fourth age for this inuocation (and no doubt tlierc are, neither doth the King denie it) yet this is a tcstilnonic of tlie decay of ancient simplicitie, and of an euill then growing ; but in no respect comparable with that which in the Church of llonlc at this day is openly practised, tolcrated, and defcndcrl. Lastly, although the holy Fathers did allow tlie custom of that time anlongst things profitable, or l awf~~ l l , yet they ncucr accounted of iL as a thing necessarie to saluation, mliicll is the present argument of our specch. And thus much concerning tlic fourc ol~jections ag:linst illc lhglish Liturgie.

Now his Maiestic comn~cn~letli your inclgcment, that amongst :dl the things wliicli you dislike in his religion, you 11nw nl:idc choice especially of those which concernc matters of Cliurch asscniblies, and diuine seruice. For tlic commnnion of the fi~ithfull consistetll much in the publilrc exercises of pietic : and this is the cliiefe bond of vnion so much desired by good men. Wlicref'ore if Christians cculd bnt agree ahoutthis, why might not a l l l~3uropccommunicateto-

gotlier ?

gether ? only, granting a libertie to schoole-Diuines with moderation to debate other opinions. Which wcre a thing much to be wished, and that foundation once laid, by the helpe of God, much hope niigllt be conceiued of the rest. For this cause his cxccllent Maicstie greatly commending your indgemcnt herein, hath liimselfe lilrewise hcere clcliuerc~l, what things in your Liturgie he thinketh worthie to bee reprooned. But if, for the want of these fonrc things in the ICnglish Liturgie, you think there is iust cause, that they which vse it should neither be accounted, nor called Cathclikes: then consider, I pray you, wliat hiz Maiestic. may pronounce of the Church of Rome, in ~rhose 1,iturgie (for lice passeth other points c,f your religion) godly men haue obserued so many things manifestly rc- pugnant to t l~c word of God, and the ancient Catholike faith. Which things nencrthelesse the Pope had rather maintaine, then reforme, when the truth now shineth so cleerc-ly. And here al- thong11 his Xaiestie could easily rehearse many grieuour abuses in the Ilomane Litnrgie; yct it plexseth him to name only foure, which he opposcth to the other four nanlcd by you. The first is the w e of an vnlcnownc tongue, contrarie to the precept of S. IJaul, and the practise of the primitiae Church, to whom in their assem- blies nothing was denrcr tlren the good, and edification cf the hear- ers. Wherefore the E'nthcrs prouided the translation of Scripture into all 1angu:~gcs : antl, as EpipEanius noteth in the :nd of his third book, tlrcy hail their It~terprelors, who, if need were, did transhtc~ oric languxqc into sniAcr, in tl& wadinp, as hce speak- eth, that is, milcn the Scriptures were read vnto the people. Snlcly, that tne thin3 rend were generally vndcrstood, this alone is snflicicnt ploofc, tliat in most of the IIoniilies of the Grecke and Tiltin Fathers, wce mcctc with these words, at audistis kgi, or, ~t liodie lectc~m es t : as you 11card it read, or as it waq read to-day. J? hich if your preaclicrs sllonld say, were it not ridiculous? when the poore people vntlcrztantl notlnng that is read out of the Scrip- tures, notu itlistandinq tlley hauc more need thcn the people of old time. For the ancient Doctors vr;eil euery onc to reade the Bible d~ligentlyin thc~rhouqcs, nhid1 now vnder paine of excummunica- tion tlicy are forbidden to touch; vnlesie lhey obtaine a d~spensa- tion. 80 that tht~ sacred word of God (I tremble to spcake it) hath now thc~filit placc in the catalogue of bookes prohibited. IIis Maies- tie knoweth tliat amongst you there may be found some Bibles trans- I ~ t e d into v~il;nr languages: but the English Priests at Doway,

which

wliicli turned tire Scripture into English, hauc taught him tlins mncli, that you were constrained against your willes to makc those translations, irnprtuni fate J ia~et ico~~urn, by tllc i~nportunitie of the Iieretilrcs, as tliey of Downy spcakc. Fo r it is heresie wit11 tlirse men to be ilcsirous to rcnde the word ot God wit11 soblietie, and rcuerencc. Neither is hi.. 3T:ticitir i po ran t , wlicn Rsnrrtzts I h e -rlic8t~tsPriest translated the Bible into French, how the Popes of Rome troubled him for tlint f x t , and how by tlicir lctterr thry corn- manded the Bishop of Paris to cnilcauor tli:zt all the I ~ 7 r ~ r ~ c l i trans-lations might be cvtorted from the people. IVhicli n ~tliout failc they liad cffectetl, if there had bccn no Protestants in Francr. 111s Mmstic liatll read of late also a boolre of a ccrt,~ine Engl~slr l'onti- ficiarl I'riest, thr t prayer? vttcrcd in an vnkrlo\vne tollgne h a w a lrinde of greater cficncic in tlicni, then if they were vntlcrhtood. mliicli wxelcs.c dotage war an old licathenisl~ corlccit, and is not tlie singul:rr follic of this I'ricst alone. So the Valcntininn licrc- tikes did vse IIcbrew names in tlicir supcr.;titious mystc>ries, that tliey might amaze the ignorant mnl t i t~~t lc : and, as Eusebirla sl)calr- etli in tho fourtli part of his Ilistoric, thc mo~eto tsatonbh those thut toere initiuted in tfioir ,superstitionx. The scconcl abnsc is, the dimin- ishing of tlie lrolie Sacrament,, contrarie to tlrc institntion of Christ, the example of S.I'uul, and the practice of the Cliurch, for the pace of one thonsand ycnres at least, as Ccissantlrr a learned man

:onfesseth. I n t l ~ c third place are priuate illasws, where are no :ommunicants. I haue said before that those t i i i n ~ s liad their he- ;inning from the peruersc doctrine concerning the sacr~fice in the 2Iiristian Church. Ilestorc vs the ancient faith, and the ancient practise. In the fourth place his 3laicstic o b ~ ~ c t e t l l the prcscnt vsc m d adoration of Images. The Councell of Trent conf(~ssetl1 an ~buse ,and thc Ilomane Cateclris~ne giueth some profitable admonition on this belialfe. But what are ~ v c the better ? t l ~ cabuse re- maincth, it is approned, maintained, mil encreascth daily. IIis Maiestie omittetll thc adoration, and inuocation of Saints : ~ I i i c l i 1s it is now practised, l~eitlrcr can, nor ouqht to be cxcurcd. IIc xnitteth also the religions adoration of rcliqnes, which at this day IS tanglit and commanded as b tlrinq neccswic, or at least very ,)rofitable to salnation. Besick tile intollcrable al~surditic : as wllc~i False or ridiculous reliqnc~, arc obtruded, as the tearcs of Christ, m d the milke of our Ladie, and such lilrc. IIcc o~nittetli the licen- tious boldnes of your prcaclicrs, when they stray from the ~ ~ o r d of

God :

God : mlio ought to bee restrained from propounding any doctrine to the people as ncccssarie to salvation, which is not drawne out of the c h i n e oraclm, and agrce:tble to the ancient faith. For that i~ the wholc~ome cloctrino which the Apostle so often commendeth. If there were such a restmint, many things now practised in the Church of Itome, viould fall clownc of tlicir owne accord. As the tloctrinc of Indulgencm: as that foppish deuice of the intensiuc l~aines in Purgatorie : by v c r t ~ ~ e of which intcnsion many thousand pceres :ire contained in one minute: as those battologiae, or idle rcpctition of heerllesse prayers, vnplcasing to our Sauiour. as he himselfe witncwctll. Then it would no longer be accounted great nierit to relieate tlic Roiarie, or ot1lc.r prayers, and Psalmes twentie, or fiftic, or an hundlcd timcs. If these and such like impediment? were renioued, religious men should peradventure finde no iust cause to abstainc fionl your conlmnnion. There IS another tl~ing which his Xaiestie thouglit good not to omit, which is written in the end of your Epiitlc : that you n ill be silent concerning the Pope of Rome, because it is manifest, to those which hauc but meane skill in Ecclcsiasticall historic, that tlic F~ltliers of the first ages, the Counccls, and Christian Emperours in all businesse appertaining to religion and the Church, gnue him the preheminence, and aclmow- ledged him the cliiefe. That this is all for this point, which your Church reqnireth to be beleeued ar an article of faith, by those wliom you receiue into tlle communion. To this his Maiestie maketh answcre : and, appealing to your OI?-ne vnpartiall mlnde, lie desirctll xou to coniidcr tllc actions of Romane Bishops for almost scuen hundred yccrcs past. Ile is 'loth to stirre the remenl- branee of things noisome, yet gladly would hee haue you know, that hee is most certaine of this : that the late Bishops of that sea u e so vnlike vnto tile ancient Popes in sinceritie of faith, in manner of life, and in the wliolc course and end of their gouernment, that it is altogether vniust, things being in this state, to draw argu- ments from the formcr ages, and apulie them to this present time. Let the forme of the ancient Church be restored, and many new lawes heretofore not heard of be abolished. I n briefe, let the Bishop of Rome declare cuidently by his actions that he seeketh Gods glorie, not his owne ; that he h .~t l l a care of the peace, and saluation of his people : then his Maiestie, as he hath protested bcfore in his Monitorie Epistle, will acknowledge his primacie, and bc willing to say with Gregorie Nazianzcn, t7iat he hat7~ the care of

t7@

THE ANSWERE TO TIIE EPIST1.E

t7~ewilole Clczirch. 13ut at tlii5 time wliat the Cliurcll of God, especi ally Kings and Princes, ought to think concernilig that sea, his Naiestie dare rcferrc it to your owne iutlgelncnt to dctcr~ninr. For yo11 know what a nurnber of books conic a b l o ~ ddally from Rolne, and almost all thr corncrs of Europe, in defcncc of the Popes tem- porall p o w r , or ratl~cr omnipotcnclc, his do~ninion, and monaichic ouer all the Iiings, and pcople of the wl~olc enltli. Yon know that Cardinall Bdlarmine bath of late written concerning that algu- ~nent , and soone after the dcatli of IIenrg tlie Great, liatli been bold to publish that, ~ y h i c l ~ all honest men of your owne side doc clctcst. I say, all honest nicn: for the complices of that conspiracie doe heartily embmce, and to their power defentl it as an oracle from the mouth of tlic l'opc, which cannot crrc. iVlierefole the Iesluts of Pngolstade in a bookc lately publlslied a ~ , ~ i n s t 11,ister Idm Gordon, the Deane of Salisbarie, n man nollly borne, and very learned, doc cite testimonies out of tliis bookc of the Cardinals, as if it were the constant opinion, and consent of all Catliolikes. But I clciirc your Plonour to consider wlietlier the ancient Churcli encr dill the like to this, and what will be the i iwc of this rr~adncsse. Consider into what danger of v t t u ruine they bling the Cliurcli of Cliiist, wliich doe approue, or s~~f fc r such things as are now prxtised, and taught. Fur, to conclrtdc, as long as matteis s tmd thus wit11 you, and yct you dcnie that you liane been tlic cnnsc of the dinision, it ncrc lneere doltislines, and fo~lie to imagine m y rcconciliatiori amon@ the diuiaed mpbcrs of the Cl~urch. The last point in your letters was tliis: that you are able to delnonstratcclrclely wliat good consent tlicre is betwixt the Churcl~ of Rome, and the seas of the other Patriarchcs in tliesc points which are now in controuersie. But his Maiestie tliinketli that you may spare tliat labour. For 1lce knowcth, and so doc others that arc desirous to prie into sncli matters, tliat not the TVcst Cliurcll alonc, but the East also, the Cliurcl~esin tlic South and North palts of the world liaue (legen- erated farre from the golden sinceritic of formcr ages, ant1 peradventure further then might seelnc possi1)lc: bdt that the rcuolting from the ancient faith lnust come to passe of neccssitie, bcing fire- told by the oracles of God. IIe knowctl~ also horn those nations haue daily heaped ccrclnonics vpon ceremonies, and how for more then these thousand yeeres supcrstitious men hauc been too pre- sumptuous in that kinde. But when wee treat of refunning the Church of God, tlle qncstion is not what tlie East Church,

or the

I OF CARDINALL PERON. I 1 or the Moscouites Church doe practise, or belceue: but this is the question, what the Apostles haue taught from the beginning, and what the Catliolilrc Church hath practised in her times, and in the agcs next following. Tliat, that, is the patcrne which the King doth ingenuously, mid from his heart confcsse that he would imitate without all exception. Neucrthelcssc, such as are sliillf~111 in Ecclesiastical1 matters, they will not grant yon this neither: that the doctrine of the Rolnane Cliurch cloth agree in all points with that which is taligllt in the Churches of other l'atriarclies. For to omit your worshipping of Images, your fire of Purgatorie, your precise obseruation of single life, and the infinite power of the Pope, euen abooe Councels: to say nothing of these, and other /articles: yet it is manifmt that ill tllc cclcbration of ?he sacred Eucharist, the Grecians doe nivch differ from yo11 Romanes. In so much that Xarcus the Arc1llr)ishop of Eplicsus speaking of tli- Romnne Masse, doth affirm that in mattcrs of greatest nloment it is contrarie to the word of God, and the ancient Liturgies. I t is nzanifstly repugnccnt (saith he) to the expositions and interpretations ?Q?L~C~LGee 7~aus receiued by tradition, anti to t7~e words of our Lord, and to t7~e meaning of those ~ o ~ d s . And of those which defend the liomane ritcs concerning this matter, the same Jfarcz~spronounceth, t7~at t7~ey dcso~z~e to be pitied both i n regnrci of t?~eir double igno~ance, and theirprofozc?ed soltis7~nesse. But thus nluch is enough for the present. Now you havie heard (most Illustrious Cardinall) the reasons wherefore his excellent JIaiestie of great Britaine, after the rcailing of your letters, dot]], neuert!lelesse t r~~st ing in the mcrcie of God, beleeue, and nmintaine that llc, and 11;s Chiircli are Catho- like. Who if he were not inl!,imed with an infinit desire of further- ing the publiquc pmce, or if' 11o s11p1)dsedthat yon wLre otllerwaies afFected, he would haue sparcd the labour of this answm. Especi-ally, because his Xaicstie calling to mindc the daily writings and practises of your m m , is now (3s I said bcfore) stcclf&ly pcrswadcd that through their dealings there reniainc no mcancs or hope of reconciliation. For they are rcsolued to dcfencl all; and not to grow bcttcr, or by tho suious reformation of things dcpraucd to winne the mindcs of the godly. I n which resolution as long as they persist, and ill not yedd onc iot to antiquitic, and truth, his Maiestie professeth oncc for a11 that he regardcth them not, neither will bee euer haue any comclun;on with the Church of Rome. So his PiIaicstie humbly graycth to our Lord Icsus Christ, that he

would

-- -- -

THE ANSWERE TO THE EPISTLE OF CARDINALL PERON.

would vouchsafe to direct those excellent gifts of minde, which 111 hath plentifully bestowed vpon you, to the honour of his

name, and the benefit of his Church. And I humbly take my leaue of your Honour.

London 9. of Nouembcr. MDCXI.

I N D E X OF

MATTERS, NAMES, AND PHRASE!

1'.

Abstiuencc, prinlitiuo :inrl uiodcru huc: LSl ' rNlC, ST.,(in inhlilt baptism 16 notio~ls of.. ......... against wlmm hc:

Adinphom ........................ wrote .......... . C i , 10, Agrec~nent, on mnttcvs oi' religio~i, L qnoted by PERRON

why t1esiml)le. . . . . . . . Anricnlar crnfcssion.. .......... .13, Arlcicnt bolicf or 1mc:ticc n i ~ t of Authority of the, fhtllers only fbr dc-

itself' I!it~dir~g ....... (1iic:tion froill IIoly" Chtl~olic fxit11, I~OI I I ;L I I Tit- S(:ripl!~re. ..........

r r ~ yrc:pugnant to. . . . B5:~bylr!r1to I)(; Id t . .............. I ' v11stn111of I ; O I I > I I I ( ? ~ , I I ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ Ar(:!~l)is!iol~cjf C!:mter-S < . \ X ~ ~ I K I ~ ,

of the t1e;ul. ......... bury. . . . . . . . . . . . . . " faitlt, (loctri~lc to l ~ o aj;r(;c- TLil)fisirl,a lnysttxry..............." al)l(:lo the. .......... ]lot rcstrictcil US 10 t in~eor " f&itll:~ntlc:ustoiri fors:~icrnl~y p1:lc:c. ...............

tr~ariy C ~ I ~ I I I Y ~ I I ~ ~ Y . . " ' l ' l ~ l i ~ l i l , l . l ? ~. . . . . O I l . ........ " fi1it11 atid ~ : I I ~ ~ I I I ~ Ito u -

rtotwl. ..............

Cl1ui.cl1. ............. 10 ' " his ilefcncc of tlir: 1!YuI-Apolof.y rf I<-. Jtor~cs,11o\v niis\vcrct I , 3 to. ?/!I' o7:r L/ld,?/....... Apostates not tu be ~:onim~u~ei l with, 7 " n p ~ t r o n of traitors. .. Ayostolic clinrclws. .............. (i 1<1mor.r,l<c,n;, his Vrencli transla-

" ..'' ngc, t11c l~es l i~i~thority. 2 I tion of tho Bible .... .t i n w the t~iit: :~.ntiij~~ity. i 13iblc. nsc of, in t l ~ c vernatulnr. arid

" tei~~llir igantl plat%ic.c: tlic a t Ilonie ............ true rlortn of' rcforrrl. . BISRT,S.J., on ronccslirtg confes-

Asceticism. ...................... sion ............... A'(IL~BTINIC,ST.,his t i~ncs cliik~relit 13isliop, Occ~uncnical, mlmt ........

front o~ l r s . ........... liishaps. cx:~lnin:~tion of'. .......... " liot ng:~i:~st tlie 1~lcs:sctlVirgirr ,snpcrstitions conccnl-

Clinrch of 1Snglantl. .. ing. ...............

J Z , \ ( ; 14; 1'Al:IC

St., OII ro~~~css ion. .I M y of Clrrist, mystical.. ........ ti C7~1,/soatoii~, .... 13 13urning of Voltsrrrus' bool,. ...... 3 on findi~rg tlie true

Cl~urcli........... 10Uanonist,:: on tlic " seal" ol' coiifes- 'L on tile C l ~ r i s t i a ~ ~ sacri-sion. ................ 14 " on clerical eclib:?cy. ..... 13 lice................ 26

Cartl~age, Cl~urc:l~, f k l l 01' the.. ..... 6CYCI'I~~~:LIfourth Council 01. ........ ti writes from tile liing's Church Catlloiic, or U~livcr;al, wlrat 5C ~ s a u u o ~

owrimoutli.......... 4 'C " Iiow to be found. . . . 10

qnoted.. ............. 32 callccl Catholic, of nrodcrri l 'CASSANDE~ Catechim, liolnnn, cnuiions agni~ist ' times ............... 8

:ibusc of images. ..... 23 of England, fill' fi'Ol1l for- Catholic, a true.. ................ 4 s:~l;ing the Arlcicnt ' Catholic ' a glorions name. ....... 4 Cl~nrcli.............. 10

(3" assnrnptio~l of the I ~ ~ I T I C , Clri~rclies, apostolic.. .............. 6 not to be tlcnictl p:lrtic:nIar, ~alldcrcd in lL a l ~ a ~ n e

to the Cliurcll of' Xng- outnrarclti)rnt........ (3

land.. ..............is, 35 <' private, clnilrliiig to be " and "Christian ," ilaincs flie (Xrurc:li. .......... 10

aas:~ullccl by liolllc to he clait~icd. ........ 4 Civil a~~tliori ty, and the Jesuits.. ..... 34' Cntliolic Church ' ant1 ' C o ~ n ~ ~ l u -

Co~~stitutionsnion of Saints ' Cr,rc.\r~:s~r, of:. ....... 8 Lettcrs. .......... 8in the crced, two (:o~rnn~mic.atory

tlii~rgs......... 5 Con~~nuiiionof Clinrclres in the d i " the true.. ....... 4 fiStlr ccntnry ........ 9

t t( , " obscnrcd by sccts 10 of saints, in the crcctl.. 6 in whatL ' " vliat . . ......... .9, 10 ' of'tlic f i ~ i t l i f ~ ~ l ,

the 110- it consists.. ........ 30" faith, tlie:~~~c;ient, man Liturgy rcp11g- ( 6 with all in the mysti- nnnt t o . . ...;. ....... 31 c:~l I M y of Clirist

clt.firiition of:. 5 dcsiral~lc.......... GCatholicity, A~~glic:m L L and Corniiiunion not I I it11 all, niay not be a

identical ............ 5 duty .............. 7 Celebration without coiliiiimiic;~~~ts " L i not a note

.... G2G, 33 of tlrc C l~~~rc l i . . Celibacy of clergy. ............... IS l ( < I how far to be

i l'ius 11.on. . . . . . . . 16 urged.. . . 6, 7 01' li'atlicrs 'L of inonastic orilcrs. ...... 19 Conciliatory l)rocctl~~rcs

undue exaltation of.. .... 14 of' tlic C'iiurcll.. .... Gl '

use of. ......24, 25 Censorship in Divilrit,y cxcrcisecl by Confwsio~r, Anglic:~r~ (Iiff'crs fir0111 the King J a m s . . ....... 3 '' I ~ I I I I I ~ ~ I ,

Ceremonies, inultiplicntio~~of, ill primitive .......... 13 inotlcrn tinies.. ...... 31 Consont 01' tlic ;mc:icnt Clrn~.cli, a

C7~Zredon, Council of.. ........... 20 conduit of cloctrilio.. 10 Clr~trs'r alone the means of acccss Constantine, tinics aftcr, not of

to Uotl the Vatlicr.. .%, 29 11 i g l i c r ai~thority" sole 3lastcr of l l is Clii~rc:l~, 11 t11:ln tl~nsc? behrc.. .. 20

....... 8" tlic uniting of tho <:ln~rc~Ircs G Cot~stittrlionsof GI,I;,IIIX~~J'.. ' Cliristian' antl 'Catholic' Iialncs (hntc~rrtion somc:titncs holy. ....... 7

to be elai~iictl.. ...... 4 Co~itiilcrtry,the gift of. ........... 18

title ....................... 2 I)irsi:~~lblcl.: ..................... 10

of . . . . . . . . . . . . 10[)octrllic, : ~ ~ i t i q i i i t ~ sirxc~rilyof, c.~wtitial..... *

I:: i 1 . . . . . . . . . 1 " t!:~bc [lra~vr!out, <]I' Scrip-

t r i~c , mi11 R:~I'I:;I/I!c to . tile :111c:ici11 fiiitll. ..... 3::

\\'ll:lt......... :$:j' T T ~ I ~ J ~ S O I ~ I C , I)o~i:~tist':... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(I; 8, 10, 12

...........

1'A(:T?

IIeretics ant1 Sc11ismatic:s.......... G , 8 IIomilies of the fithers, nppc:tl to

Scriptarc in. ......... 31 ITours of o w J,(~dy. .............. 29 ]Images, use and ai1or;ition of.. .... :iB l?~dic:es . . . . 31Librornln ~jrol~ibito~~zc?~~.. Indulgcncos, doctrine of. .......... 311 InhnL 13nptisni.. ................. .l(i

" Conrmnnion.. ............ 17 IXR'OCENTI., l'ope, 011 iiifhlit ~0111-

~nuirion............. 17 ..... 33Intensive ptzins in P ~ i r ~ i t o r y . .

Interpreters, of' the primitive Cl~r~rc l i 31 1nvot:ation of saints.. ............ 28 JAMES, KING, a v o ~ ~ l i e s the apos-

tles' teaching and Cittlr- olic practice of' it, as the only standard.. ...... 35

" claims the names 'Ci~tlio-lic' and 'Christian'.. . 4

" Iris t l l~s is of' Catllolirity. ... 5 '' his estinlatc of tllc title

" 1)c~fender o f t 11e

" Faith "............... 2 n-i!ling to orrn a Primacy

of order as in the early Church.. ............. 3::

" " his Apolqq~, linw oppujinctl 2

his dfo~~itory E11istle... .20, 27, 33 " liis disposition to agreement

in matters of religioli.. 2 " his doings in relation to the

book of V o r ~ s ~ r u sde Deo .................. 3

" plenecd with l'ri1Luo~'s first letter................ 1

Jesuits in n conspil.acxy to cstnlilisll tlic oninipotence of tI1(, l'opc ............... 34

I'apscd, how trcstcd.. ............. 8 Lay lhptisn: .................... 17 J,cgends, ~uperstitious.. .......... 2!) Licl?field, Eisliop of: consnlt(~t1 with,

about Yorstius' book.. 3 Liiernj fo~-rndcr<.. ................. Y Liturgies, Ancicnt, lioman &l:w

contrary to.. ......... 35 L i t ~ l ~ g yof the Engllsll Cliurdi. ... 23 " not jnstly reprclicnsiblc. . . . 31

FACE

Liturgy Ztoinnn, rc,pugn:u~t to tlrc iVord of' ( :o~l and all- c i~n t ,Uatholic: fhitll. . . 31

38;1gistratcs stirred up to rcl~ress Ihlsc doctrine. ....... 3

h2aniclices ....................... ti ~I.\:LI< ol Bl)l~c~sns 011 tlic l l o n ~ a r ~

illass................. 25 nr;lrria~c,re:isons fi)r ............17, 18 Mtirtyrs, prnycrs at their ~rpalclires YO Rlnsses for tho tl(,~itl. .............. 2'7

Oi,hlilk of onr 1,:rtly ................ Mu~iitolyl@istle of King .J:lnics. .20, 23

' q~rott:d.................... 27 hluscovite Church no nc:c,cssary

ruotlel of' reform. ..... :I5 RTysteries .................. .2:1, 25, 26 Kames, strife about, not a1w:iys ini-

n~aterial.............. 4 Neccasary obsc.rvanccs tlistinguisllr:tl

from ~nc'rcly profitahlo or lawful, .......27, %,XI

Necessity, divers kinds of.. ........ 15 Nicenc Ooruieil. .................. 25 Non-conun~inicant cclcbration . . . . l B , 26 Notes of the Church.. ......ti, L), 10, 18 Observ:lnccs, ncwssnry and profit-

able or lawfill, tlisting~lislietl. . 27, 28, 30

Cliscrvntion .first, of I'E~~RONoil liirig .J ~nnes's tlicsis. . 5

" sccol~tt................. 13 1 tl;ird................. 15 " fourth ................. 19(' j f l h.................... 21

Bisliop, ~v11:~t Occl~~ncnic.:~l ......... 8 Oilices of Sailits, supcl:ititioris illveil-

tions .............. 20 Opinions of tho t r ~ ~ c Catlio!ic Cli~lrch

~n:iintained by King J:iincs .............. 4

" of tho Schools.. ........ 30 lW:1pal c.lnilns, as put by I ' IC~LIWN,

con~pared\viLli 1tn111:u~ procc:tlures for son~e c:cnturic3s p s t . ....... 33

l ' a t ~ i : i ~ c I ~ ~ ,t l i ~ otllcr, c1;zimc:tl as conscliticnt with llonrc 31

I'cacc anlong clissenting ~ne~iibclx

INDI'X O P XlA'I'TERS,

PACE

of the Cliurch dcsira- ble ................... 2

Peace, 1 1 0 ~to be stuclicd :tnd followed.. ..............ti, 10

P E I ~ O N ,Card, his l in t lettor ap- nrovctl ......... 1

thought mocicrate. . . . . . ..1,27 to 11oltl Ollt

liopcs of tm agrccnieut with Kiyg Jamtsa.. ...

in his first Icl,tt~r qncstic1nc:fl t.hc claim of' l < i l l ~ Jalnes to the n:lnie "Cntl~olic"..........

his rbservalions on King Janlrs's clctinition ot Catholicity -the jirst, p. 5 ; t l ~ e serond, p. 13; the third, p. 15 ; the .fbf~?,th,1). 19; the jifL7~

his question al~out Cntl~oli- citv stated.. .........

on the primacy of thr l'ope Pills II., I'opr,, on siugle lift! of the

clergy.. .............. I'ontitician priest.. ............... Pope, prcwmiucmcy of tlie. . . . . . . . L'ope, the, 1iiaint:~ins things rt3pyg-

i lult to the Word of' God nntl tho ancient ('ntholica faith .......

Popes, order French translations of the I3il)le to he taken from the people.. .....

Prayer for the dead.. ............. " in unlmown tongues ........

Prayers of the saints ............ " vain r~uetitions i n . . .......

Preaching, 1 i o k n abuses in.. .. ..32, 33 Presence, real.. ..............P3, 24,26 Primacy of Romr, what may be ad-

mitted.. ........... .33, 34 Primitive Church does not s:mction

ltomish invocations of saints ............. .29,30

" pract,icc and tenet, value of .................. 20

Private Masses .................20,32 Psalms, vain repctilions of. ........ 33

NhAIES, A N D PHRASES. 4I

PAGE

1'sulto?. of the Virqin.............. 29 Fnrgatory ................ .27, 33,35 K e a l presence ............. .23, 24, 25 lieconcilia~ion made llopcless by

l'apist n~ethocls of' eon. troversv.............. 35

I<efor~nalionof the *Clhurch ........ 11 true.. ................ 34

l'\clic.s, adoration ot; and abuses con- celi;ing.. ............ 32

Ilnnian abnse of images.. ......... 32 al~r~scsin preaching.. .... 32, 33

" Uisl~ops, prete[~sions of, as acted out . . .......... 33

" Cutecliisnz caut,ions ag:~inst

" abuse of imagcs ..... 32 Cl~urch,mcw devices of, cle-

formations of' the Cath- olic faith.. ........... 11

" tlefmces of tllc temporal power of the Popes.. . 34

" cloclrine not in all points suppor!ed by the otlier l'utriarcliates ......... 35

" 3 r d : : ~ .rontrary to Scripture and the Ancient Lit-urgles.. .............. 35

persistence in error.. ..... 28 scrvitnde, cruel.. .......... 12

" translations of Scripture in vulgar tongues. .....31,32

R(viic, Cliurcll of, deadly sick cf superstitions ........... 29

'' departure Dom, no revolt from the C a t h o l i c Church .............. I1

Iiosaw ......................... 33 Cllurch, no model.. ....... 35I<~issiau

Yacranicnt, diminution of that of the Eucharist.. ....... 32

Sacrifice, onc. Christian, of com-memoration .......... 2G

l' doub'e, of expiation and of commemoratioii. ..... 27

I L in the Eucharist, perverse doctrine of.. ......... 26

" express mention of, in Eng- lid1 Liturgy.. ........ 27

$lints, invocation of ........... .28,20

P A G E

Saints. invocation of. gron-th of the practice .............. 30

Salvation. thin@ n e c d f ~ ~ l ........ 15to Satishction. so-called .............. 14 Scripture. the fountain of all true

" doctrine.............. 10 always appealed to by tile

ththcrs ............... 22 Scriptures. the. among books pro-

hibited in the Itoman

" catalogues .......... 31 translation of. in the An-

cient Church ......... 31 Secrecy in confession .............. 1:I Sects. claiming to be the Cliurch.... 10 Scpariltio~iof England from Ilornc.

not scliism ............... 12 " when necessary .......... 7

Services of saints. superstltiorl in ... 29 Spiritual ~nnnducation ............ 26 Succession of' bisllops .............. 3 1

" of doctrine .............11 Suppcr of the Lord makes us rcnlly

pi~rtaliers of the Body and 13lood of Christ ... 20

Snprcmacy. Papal. disavowed in word. pcrsistcntly used in action ........... 33

Team of Christ ................. Temporal power of the Pope . . . . . 34

on baptism .........TERTULLIAN. Theology and scic~icc ............. rIongac. nnlrnown. use of. in wur- I

s l~ ip............... 'l'ransele~ncntation................ r 71rnnsn~utation....................

................'I'mns~~l~star~ti:ition il'rent. Coancil ot; confcmes abnsc

in use of i~nagos . . . . . . Triclontinc fatlxrs ................ r 7l ru th bettcr than u11it.y ........... Union. bond of. agrcernc~lt in wor-

" ship ............... of the Oilurcllc:~ in ( h i s t . .

lJi~1inow1~tongue. lnrycrs in. l~cltl to be more ellicacicm

" " use of. in worsliip ..... Valentinitln licretics .............. Viatic.~un........................

of Lerins. his criterion ...VINCENT Virgin. the blessed. rnadc the ~netlitl-

trix of indulgcnw nnrl mercy. in the ltonian system..............

" incmorial days of ....... VOIZSTIUBon the f la twe of God..... Vows ............................ Vulgar translations of Scripture

among Rommists ..... Word of God. a note of the Ciiurch

Anglican Catholicity vindicated against Roman innovations; in The...

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