Angel C. AlcalaAngel C. AlcalaUniversity Research ProfessorUniversity Research ProfessorSilliman University, Dumaguete Silliman University, Dumaguete City City

Academic Academic Initiatives Initiatives

in Coastal and in Coastal and MarineMarine

Resources Resources Management Management

IntroductionIntroduction

• General Education -- majority of HEIsGeneral Education -- majority of HEIs

Introduction Introduction

• Technology -- Agriculture, Fisheries, Technology -- Agriculture, Fisheries, Engineering, IT, Biotech.Engineering, IT, Biotech.

• Sciences -- Biology, Chemistry, Sciences -- Biology, Chemistry, Geology, Physics, Oceanography, Geology, Physics, Oceanography, Mathematics, Environmental ScienceMathematics, Environmental Science

Primary Academic Thrusts of HEIsPrimary Academic Thrusts of HEIs

• UPV and other state colleges -- how to UPV and other state colleges -- how to catch more fish, how to make fishing gears catch more fish, how to make fishing gears more effective.more effective.

• Major problems beginning in the 1970s --Major problems beginning in the 1970s --habitat degradation, depletion of fisheries habitat degradation, depletion of fisheries due to over-fishing.due to over-fishing.

• In the 1980s, 1997 -- too many fishers In the 1980s, 1997 -- too many fishers chasing too few fish; warning issued by chasing too few fish; warning issued by two major papers (Silvestre & Pauly 1997). two major papers (Silvestre & Pauly 1997).

Introduction Introduction

FisheriesFisheries

• Now, government agencies unable to stem Now, government agencies unable to stem the tide of fishery depletion and the tide of fishery depletion and environmental destruction (see Smith environmental destruction (see Smith 1980; 1980; In Turbulent SeasIn Turbulent Seas, 2004)., 2004).

Introduction Introduction

FisheriesFisheries

• Now, realization of need for resource Now, realization of need for resource protection and management (CRM) away protection and management (CRM) away from centralized mode of management from centralized mode of management (CBCRM) (see Ferrer et al. 1996)(CBCRM) (see Ferrer et al. 1996)

• Need for a new paradigm on fisheries Need for a new paradigm on fisheries conservation.conservation.

Challenges to AcademeChallenges to Academe

• Conservation/Preservation Conservation/Preservation of Biodiversityof Biodiversity

Challenges to Academe Challenges to Academe

• Sustainable fisheriesSustainable fisheries

1.1. How can marine/fishery habitats be made How can marine/fishery habitats be made to recover?to recover?

2.2. How can fisheries be managed?How can fisheries be managed?

3.3. How can marine biodiversity be How can marine biodiversity be conserved/preserved?conserved/preserved?

4.4. How can local communities/LGUs benefit How can local communities/LGUs benefit from protective management?from protective management?

Challenges to AcademeChallenges to Academe

Guide Questions:Guide Questions:

Responses of AcademeResponses of Academe

• Research on MPAsResearch on MPAs

Responses of Academe Responses of Academe

Municipal marine and inland fishery production in the Philippines (BAS, DA).

• Publication and dissemination of results of Publication and dissemination of results of marine protectionmarine protection

Responses of Academe Responses of Academe

Total annual catch from the nonreserve areas, and estimates of biomass Total annual catch from the nonreserve areas, and estimates of biomass in the no-take reserves, at Sumilon and Apo Islands.in the no-take reserves, at Sumilon and Apo Islands.

• Establishment and monitoring of MPAs Establishment and monitoring of MPAs based on research resultsbased on research results

Responses of Academe Responses of Academe

Marine reserves in the Bohol Sea (left) and graph showing relative decline in municipal fisheries Marine reserves in the Bohol Sea (left) and graph showing relative decline in municipal fisheries production due partly to the conversion of mangroves to fishponds (Primavera 1995) (right).production due partly to the conversion of mangroves to fishponds (Primavera 1995) (right).

• Ensure sustainable sources of income with Ensure sustainable sources of income with no negative effects on the environmentno negative effects on the environment

Responses of Academe Responses of Academe

• IEC activities such as workshops, IEC activities such as workshops, conferences, meetings conferences, meetings

Responses of Academe Responses of Academe

• Advocate for inclusion of research results in Advocate for inclusion of research results in lawmaking (e.g., R.A. 8550, Fishery Code) lawmaking (e.g., R.A. 8550, Fishery Code)

Responses of Academe Responses of Academe

Assessment Assessment of track records of HEIs of track records of HEIs

(n=1,760)(n=1,760)

1.1. CHED MAEP program on biodiversity in CHED MAEP program on biodiversity in 1996-2001 in state colleges (several 1996-2001 in state colleges (several graduates at the master’s level)graduates at the master’s level)

Assessment of track records of HEIsAssessment of track records of HEIs

3.3. < 10 HEIs involved actively and < 10 HEIs involved actively and meaningfully in CRM-related research and meaningfully in CRM-related research and CRM practice; few offer graduate programs CRM practice; few offer graduate programs in marine science. 25 students in marine in marine science. 25 students in marine biology and aquaculture took their master’s biology and aquaculture took their master’s degrees.degrees.

4.4. Marine area of country is 7 times the land Marine area of country is 7 times the land area of 30 million ha.; country is an area of 30 million ha.; country is an archipelago (not widely appreciated).archipelago (not widely appreciated).

4.4. CRM projects ignore experts in small CRM projects ignore experts in small colleges, who need involvement for colleges, who need involvement for experience purposes (e.g. Bohol, Palawan)experience purposes (e.g. Bohol, Palawan)

Assessment of track records of HEIsAssessment of track records of HEIs

5.5. Some regions lack marine biology, Some regions lack marine biology, oceanography experts; sometimes too oceanography experts; sometimes too academic (e.g. northern Luzon, Mindanao academic (e.g. northern Luzon, Mindanao in general).in general).

6.6. Integrate population control in community-Integrate population control in community-based CRM projects.based CRM projects.

What needs to be done? What needs to be done?

1.1.Strengthen existing Strengthen existing programs.programs.

What needs to be done? What needs to be done?

2.2. Increase number of HEIs Increase number of HEIs involved in marine science.involved in marine science.

3.3.Apply research findings to Apply research findings to CRM; few HEIs doing this. CRM; few HEIs doing this.