Anesthesiology Instruments
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Transcript of Anesthesiology Instruments
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Anesthesiology instruments
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1. Airway equipment
To ensure the patient has a patent airway
Prevent the tongue from falling back and
hence blocking the airway
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Oropharyngeal airway
Known as Guedel airway
Curved plastic tubes
Lie over the tongue preventing it from falling back into the pharynxCommon sizes 2-4
Estimated by comparing the airway length with the vertical distance
between the patient's incisor teeth and the angle of the jaw.
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Nasopharyngeal airway
Round malleable plastic tube
Beveled at the pharyngeal end
Flanged at the nasal end
Lie along the floor of the noseCurve round into the pharynx
Common sizes : 6-8mm diameter
Estimated by comparing the airway length with the vertical distance
between the patient's anterior nares of the nose to the tragus of the ear.
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Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA)
Sits over the laryngeal opening
Attached to a tube that protrudes from the mouth
Connects directly to the anesthetic breathing systemInflatable cuff to stabalise and create a seal
Common sizes are 3-5
Designed for spontaneously breathing patients
It is also possible to ventilate patients with the LMA
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LMA fastrach
Modified laryngeal mask specifically
Designed to allow tracheal intubation while maintaining ventilationin patients with either normal or abnormal airways.
The chief features of the design are an anatomically curved, rigid,
metallic conduit with an integral handle, an epiglottic elevating bar,
and a guiding ramp designed to direct an endotracheal tube
anteriorly into the glottis as it exits from the device
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Proseal LMA
Supraglottic airway deviceAdditional posterior cuff to
improve the seal between the
mask and the larynx
Incorporates a gastric drainage
tube placed lateral to the main
airway tube and which ends at
the tip of the mask
Ryles tube can be inserted to
aspirate gastric contents
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Tracheal tubes
A catheter inserted into the airway
For the primary purpose of establishing and maintaining a
patent airway and to ensure the adequate exchange of oxygen
and carbon dioxide
2 different types : ETT and tracheostomy tube
Endotracheal tube, cuffed Tracheostomy tube, cuffed
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Standard PVC Preformed tube :
Used during surgery of head and neck
Designed to take the connections away
from the surgical field.
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Ring-Adair-Elwin (RAE) tube
Allows the endotracheal tube, once
placed, to be angled away from the face
to facilitate access during surgeriesaround the head and neck
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Double lumen :
2 tubes effectively wielded side by side
One tube extending distally beyond the
other
Used during thoracic surgery allowingone lung to be deflated whilst
ventilation is maintained via the
bronchial portion of the opposite lung.
Reinforced tube :
Prevent kinking and subsequent
obstruction
When positioning the patients head
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Laryngoscope
Curved bladeMcCoys blade
Enable direct visualization of the larynx
To facilitate the insertion of the tracheal tube
Light at
the tip
Handle that
contains
batteries
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Gum elastic bougie
60 cm long malleable introducer
Adjunct for difficult endotracheal intubation
Flexible but has some shape retention
Slightly angled tip
Indication:For directional control during routine or difficult endotracheal intubation
when the laryngeal inlet cannot be completely seen.
Precaution:
Excessive force, passage beyond the carina, or blind introduction may result
in soft tissue damage or may cause rupture of the bronchus.
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2. Facemasks
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3. Anesthetic gases
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Oxygen
Gas cylinder has : white shoulder ; black body
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Nitrous oxide
Gas cylinder has : blue shoulder ; blue body
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Medical air
Air is supplied to the operating theatre at :
- 400kPa for anesthetic use
- 700kPa to power medical tools
Air cylinder has : white/black shoulder ; grey body
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Vacuum
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3. The anesthetic machine
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Flow meter
Main functions are :-Reduce the high pressure gases
from either pipeline or cylinder
-Control the flow of gases allowing a
known and adjustable compositionto be delivered into the anesthetic
breathing system
The needle valve controls the flow
through a flow meter
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Anesthetic breathing circuit
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Gases from the anesthetic machine
Mixture of anesthetic gases and vapour
Anestheticcircuit
Face mask/
Laryngeal mask/
Tracheal tube
Patients lungs
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Circle breathing system
Components for a breathing system:
-Connection for fresh gas input
-Reservoir bag
-Adjustable expiratory valve
(Soda lime)
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