MJF.LION.S.T.SRINIVASANDIST.GOVERNOR

MJF.LION. RAJAGOPALVICE GOVERNOR

BY DR.N.MOHANDASPRESIDENT 2007-2008

THANJAVUR ANCIENT CITY LIONS CLUB

ANEMIA FREE INDIAANEMIA FREE INDIALIONS CLUBS OF INTERNATIONALLIONS CLUBS OF INTERNATIONAL

DIST.324/A2 DIST.324/A2

PREPARED AND DISTRIBUTED CD TOALL

ANEMIA

ANEMIA CAN BE DEFINED AS A

REDUCTION IN THE HEMOGLOBIN,

HEMATOCRIT

( % OF WHOLE BLOOD THAT IS

COMPRISED OF RED BLOOD

CELLS) OR RED CELL NUMBER

PREVELALENCE:-PREVELALENCE:-

WHO STATISTICS– WORLD WIDE ANEMIA -- 30 % YOUNG CHILDREN -- 40 % PREGNANT WOMEN -- 50 %MOST AFFECTED GROUP NON PRGNANT WOMEN -- 35 % ADULT MALES -- 18 %

IN INDIA INCIDENCE VARIES FROM 20 TO 70 % MORE AMONG FEMALES THAN MALES HIGHER AMONG INFANTS AND CHILDREN THAN ADULTS

ACCORDING TO THE REPORT OF THE DISTRICT LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY

(RELEASED BY THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE)

CONDUCTED AMONG 1000 CHILDREN UP TO SIX YEARS

MILD ANAEMIC --- 63 %MODERATELY ----- 33 %SEVERELY ANAEMIC ---- 02 %

DATA ON ANAEMIA LEVELS FOR MORE THAN 1000 ADOLESCENT GIRLS AGED

BETWEEN 10 AND 19 YEARS SHOWS

SEVERE ANAEMIA -- 14 % MODERATELY ANAEMIC -- 66 % MILDLY ANAEMIC --- 19 %

AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN

95 PER CENT SUFFER FROM ANAEMIA THE PREVELANCE OF SEVERE ANAEMIA IS HIGHER IN ADOLESCENT GIRLS (14 PER CENT)THAN IN PREGNANT WOMEN (4 PER CENT).

Normal BloodRed cell

Platelets

Neutrophil

Lymphocyte

Monocyte

Reticulocyte

Normoblasts

Pronormoblast

TYPES OF ANEMIA

1. IRON DEFFIENCY ANEMIA

2. DEFECT IN RED BLOOD CELL

3. VITAMIN B12 AND FOLIC ACID DEFFIENCY

CAUSES OF ANEMIACAUSES OF ANEMIA1.DEFICENCY IN THE DIET

GREENS AND PROCESSED FOODS LIKE RICE FLAKES AND DATES ARE RICH SOURCE OF IRON.

THE AVERAGE CEREL LEGUME BASED DIETS --ADEQUATE IRON CONTENT(20-22mg)

INADEQUATE INTAKE OF THIS FOOD LEADS TO ANEMIA.

PROLONGED BREAST FEEDING WITHOUT SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING-----

ANEMIA IN INFANT AND CHILDREN

2.DECREASED ABSORPTION1.PRLONGED DIARRHOEA

2.LACK OF ACID SECRETION IN THE STOMACHOVER USE OF ANTACIDSGASTRECTOMY—------(OPERATION IN THE STOMACH)

3.EXCESS TEA , PHYTATES AND PHOSPHATES IN THE DIET

3.INCREASED LOSS GASTRO INTESTIONAL BLEEDING LIKE BLOOD VOMITTINGHOOK WORM INFESTATIONONE ANCYLOSTOMA DUODENALEWORM- LOSS OF BLOOD 15ml/DAYNECATORAMERICANUS WORM—BLOOD LOSS0.03ml/DAY.EXCESSIVE LOSS OF BLOOD DURING MENSURATION AND CHIDBIRTH– CAUSE ANEMIABLEEDING PILES

PILESHOOK WORMBLOOD VOMITTING

HOOK WORMLIFE CYCLE

4. INCREASED REQUIREMENTS

ACCELERATED DEMAND IN INFANCY ADOLESCENCE–FOR RAPID GROWTH ONSET OF MENSES IN GIRLS PRGNANCY AND LACTATION FOR BABY LOSSES OF IRON IN EXCESSIVE SWEATING IN TROPICALCLIMATE.

SYMPTOMS

WEAKNESS, FATIGUE, LETHARGYTIRDNESS, DECREASED STAMINA,LIGHT HEADEDNESS ON STANDING DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING, PALPITATION COGNATIVE DEVELOPMENT:-

YOUNG ADOLESCENCE SHOWN TO SCORE LOWER IN ACEDEMIC PERFORMANCE.

BEHAVIOURAL IMPLICATIONS:-ANEMIC CHILDREN FOUND TO BE MORE DISRUPTIVE, IRREITABLE AND RESTLESS IN THE CLASSROOM.

EAT SAND AND CLAY EATTING(PICA)

PAGOPHAGIA (ICE EATING)

TEMPER TANTRUM (BEHAVIOUR CHANGES )

AND BREATH HOLDING

DIMINISHED WORK PERFORMANCE:-

REDUCED IMMUNOCOMPETENCE:- LEADS TO FRQUENT INFECTION

CLINICAL SIGNS SKIN PALLOR-------------

FINGER NAILS –FLAT AND SPOON SHAPED

GLISTENING APPEARANCE OF THE TOGUE ---------(GLOSSITIES)

MOUTH --ULCERS,ANGULAR STOMATITIS--

DIFFICULTY IN SWALLOWING Plummer Vinson Syndrome : Oesophageal Web

INVESTIGATIONS

1.DIETARY HISTORY2.MOTION EXAMINATION FOR OVA, CYST OCCULT BLOOD3.URINE TEST FOR BLOOD IN THE URINE4.COMPLETE BLOOD TESTHEMOGLOBIN,RED AND WHITE BLOOD CELLS5.PERIPHRAL SMEAR FOR ANY ABNORMALITES, MALARIAL PARASITES6.PLASMA FERRITIN LEVEL7.BONE MARROW STUDY

PREVENTION OF ANEMIA

TAKING BALANCED DIET

CAN BE PREVENTED BY

1. SUPPLEMENTATION2. EDUCATION3. FORTIFICATION

DIETARY SORCES OF NUTRIENTS THAT PREVENT ANEMIA(PER 100gr)

IRON mg

CAULIFLOWER 40

ARAKEERAI 38.5

SIRIKEERAI 27.3

SUNDAIKAI DRY 22.2

MANTHAKKALI

KEERAI

20.5

MINT 15.6

PONNAGANNI LEAVES 14.8

IRON mg

FOLIC ACID mcg

LIVERGOAT 176.2

AMARANTH 149.0

BENGALGRM

DHAL

147.5

CLUSTER BEANS 144..0

GINGELLY

SEEDS

144.O

BLACK GRAM DHAL 132.0

MINT 114.0

VITAMIN B12 Mcg

LIVERGOAT 90.4

EGG YOLK 4.4

GOATMEAT 2.8

MUTTON 2.6

EGG HEN WHOLE 1.8

SKIM MILK POWDER 0.83

CURD COW”S

MILK

0.13

SUPPLIMENTATION:-

NATIONAL NUTRIONAL ANEMIA PROPHYLAXIS PROGRAMME---IRON AND FOLATE TABLETS TO PREGNANT WOMEN DURING LAST TRIMESTER FERROUS SULPHATE -180mgFOLICACID --- 0.5mg

CHILDREN AGE 1—5 Yrs FERROUS SULPHATE--60 mg

FOLIC ACID --- 0.1mg

EDUCATION WE LIONS CLUB MEMBERS ARE

STANDING HERE 1. TO EDUCATE HEALTH FUNCIONARIES 2. GENERAL POPULATION ABOUT ANEMIA3. PROMOTING CONSUMPTION OF IRON RICH FOODS4. PROMOTION OF CONSUMPTION OF PULSES,GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES,

OTHER VEGETABLES (RICH IN IRON AND FOLIC ACID MEAT PRODUCTS- RICH IN

BIOAVAILABLE IRON

5. FOR PREGNANT AND LACTAING MOTHERS.VITAMIN B12:-MEAT OR EGG

6.CREATION OF AWARNESS IN MOTHERS ATTENDING ANTENATEL CLINICS, ANGANWADI CENTRES AND CRECHES ABOUT ANEMIA, ILL EFFECTS AND ITS PREVENTABLE NATURE

7.REGULAR CONSUMPTION OF FOODS RICH IN VITAMIN C SUCH AS

ORANGES,GUAVA,AMLA etc. TO PROMOTE ABSORPTION OF IRON.

8. PROMOTION OF HOME GARDENING TO INCREASE THE AVAILABILITY OF COMMON IRON RICH FOOD SUCH AS GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES.9. ENCOURAGING THE USE OF IRON PANS, IRON LADLESAND FOODS LIKE RICE FLAKES.10.PERIODICAL ADMINISTRATION OF ANTIHELMENTHIC DRUGS.11. DISCOURAGING THE CONSUMPTION OF FOODS AND BEVERAGES LIKE TEA AND TAMARIND THAT INHIBIT IRON ABSOPTION

FORTIFICTION ( TO STRENGTHEN )

FORTIFICATION OF COMMONLY CONSUMED FOOD ITEM WITH IRON FOR PREVENTION OF IRON DEFICENCY ANEMIA.SALT IS CONSIDERED AS SUITABLE VEHICLE FOR IRON FORTIFICATION IN INDIA AS IT SATISFIES ALL THE CRITERIA FOR AN IDEAL VEHICLE.IRON FORTIFICATION OF WHEAT FLOUR AND BREAD IS CURRENTLY EMPLOYED IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES FOR PREVENTION OF IRON DEFICENCY ANEMIA.

WE SHOULD LOOK TO OUR FARMSAND NOT PHARMACIES FOR THE SOLUTION OF NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS- ANEMIA

ANEMIA FREE INDIA